This paper examines the role of translation awards in strengthening the literary capital of source languages. Focusing on three Swedish translation awards between 1970 and 2015, and comparing the awarded source languages to 1) the most central and influential literary languages in world literature and 2) Swedish publishing statistics 1970–2015, the aim is to position translation awards as an area of research within Translation Studies, as well as to investigate translation awards as a means of consecrating source languages in the target culture. Furthermore, we ask how these translation awards transfer different forms of symbolic capital back to the awarding institutions. The results from the comparisons show both similarities and differences, indicating that in the Swedish literary field, there are slight variations to the general global hierarchy of languages. The awarding patterns from the three translation awards studied are also in line with the profiles of the different awarding institutions. As could be expected, English is the most awarded language, although its dominance is strikingly small when compared to publishing statistics. This indicates that the literary capital of English is not unlimited; semi-central or even peripheral languages can transfer other sorts of values to the awarding institutions.

This article presents a rare cross-national comparative study of translators’ status perceptions, examined by means of two sets of survey data collected in Finland in 2014 (n = 397) and in Sweden in 2016 (n=359). This comparison is of particular interest since the two countries share many characteristics, albeit with notable differences as to the role of translation in society and the history of translator education and associations. Following Dam and Zethsen (e.g., 2008), we compare the respondents’ views of five variables: status, income, expertise/education, visibility and power/influence, which are ranked on a five-point Likert scale. Mann–Whitney U tests indicated statistically significant differences between the two datasets in most items. While there were no clear tendencies by variable, the items where the Finnish respondents’ rankings were higher can be linked to the role of translation in society and to more established translator education in Finland. In contrast, the Swedish respondents’ higher rankings may be explained by a large proportion of respondents with decades of working experience. Overall, the results highlight the importance of collecting comparable data and analysing even apparently similar perceptions for differences.

This article is an exploratory overview of research on translators’ job satisfaction (JS). We analyze the data (51 articles) for indications of (1) translators’ overall JS; (2) associations of overall JS with individual, job-intrinsic, job-extrinsic, societal, and background factors; (3) translators’ satisfaction with job-intrinsic, job-extrinsic, and societal aspects of their work. Translators’ overall JS in the data is fairly high, and it is linked to emotional intelligence, the nature of translating, autonomy, interpersonal relationships, status perceptions, working mode, gender, and experience. The translators studied are mostly happy with the job-intrinsic aspects, but their views on extrinsic and societal aspects are more divided. Gaps in research include individual factors (e.g., self-efficacy, personality traits), background factors (e.g., cultural and socio-economic differences), and the interaction of the different types of factors.

Introduction to special issue "Translators' and interpreters' job satisfaction".

Translation as a profession manifests very few established boundaries: in most Western countries, anyone can start working as a translator, regardless of their qualifications. In consequence, agents in the field are constantly involved in boundary work: constructing, negotiating and maintaining – or critiquing and undermining – the boundaries of the profession (Grbić 2010, 2014). The experiences of such boundary work are likely to have a considerable impact on translator status, or the perceptions of prestige, value and respect attached to the profession, and on translators’ professional identities or self-perceptions.

Moreover, the context in which translators’ professional boundaries, status and identities are negotiated has seen considerable changes in recent years. Technological developments increasingly facilitate both crowdsourced translation and fit-for-purpose machine translations, and translation technology has become indispensable to business translators’ work. At the same time, the growing number of multilingual communities – which can exist either globally or locally, virtually or in real life – means that professional translators have to negotiate a niche for their work among communicators who are used to getting by with the help of non-professional translation or English as a lingua franca.

För att lyckas som utländsk författare i New York krävs litterära uppoffringar. Men så är det också vägen till resten av världens litteraturmarknader. Elin Svahn har läst en bok om fallet Haruki Murakami, en historia om hur översättare och redaktörer satsade allt för att inte amerikanerna skulle sluta läsa.

Recension av Who We're Reading When We're Reading Murakami av David Karashimi (Soft Skull Press, 2020)

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka den syntaktiska strukturen i tre texttyper i tre översättningar av ”Boule de suif” av Guy de Maupassant. De tre översättningarna är gjorda av Sigfried Siwertz (1927), Ingvar Johansson (1972) och Johan Gunnarsson (1985). Metoden som används är utarbetad av Lars Wollin och modifierad av Yvonne Lindqvist. Genom att dela upp texterna i makrosyntagmer och därefter i primära satsdelar kan versionskomplex upprättas vilka möjliggör en jämförelse av käll- och måltextens syntaktiska struktur på operationsnivå. Uppsatsens mål är att ta reda på huruvida olika operationer är ett resultat av de olika texternas textuella strukturer samt i fall det går att skönja ett samband mellan val av operationer och översättare. I diskussionen fastslås att det inte finns något samband mellan textpartiernas textuella struktur och val av operationer, såvida källtextens textuella struktur inte efterföljs i måltexten. Mellan val av operation och specifik översättare är däremot kopplingen desto tydligare, och det konstateras att den äldsta översättningen är mest syntaktisk trogen originaltexten medan den yngsta översättnigen är mest syntaktisk fri.

This article reports on a longitudinal focus group study of two groups of translation students aimed at investigating their socialisation into the translation profession. The students followed the same MA programme in Translation Studies at a Swedish university but worked with different source languages (SL): Japanese and English. The focus group data were analysed thematically following Braun and Clarke, with a point of departure in Weidman et al.’s socialisation model and its three core elements: knowledge acquisition, investment, and involvement. The findings show that the two groups’ SLs played a crucial role in their socialisation into the profession, affecting all three core elements to various degrees. The findings can be described as either pertaining to personal reasons or institutional constraints. Recognising Japanese as a language of low diffusion and low resources in the Swedish translation context provides an explanation for these findings. Finally, implications for translator education are discussed.

Drawing on possible selves theory and role model theory, this article explores translation students' possibilities of envisioning their future as translators. Four MA students in a Swedish university were followed over two years through a longitudinal focus group study. The material was analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke (2006). The results show that the students discuss themes related to possible selves and role models with both textual and extratextual dimensions, but that the two dimensions do not coincide.

Translator students’ self-concept has been a key element in several frameworks of translation didactics. This paper explores the notion of self-concept, broadly defined as the way we think about ourselves, from a sociological viewpoint in a longitudinal study, taking its material from three focus group sessions recorded with four translation students following an MA programme in Translation Studies. The Perry scheme (Perry 1970) is applied to the material in order to map the students’ epistemological development. The analysis shows that focus groups are a suitable method for uncovering self-concept statements, and that a highly developed self-concept can be seen in the material, although some factors seem to have slowed the self-concept development. 

This article presents an overview of contemporary bibliomigrancy patterns of translated fiction from the province of Quebec to Sweden, between 2000 and 2020. Quebec and Sweden offer an interesting comparison, since French is considered a central language but the province of Quebec occupies a peripheral position in comparison with its Anglophone neighbours, whereas Swedish is considered a semi-peripheral language but Sweden occupies a central position in the Scandinavian subsystem. Drawing on theories on bibliomigrancy and polysystem, the article investigates 26 titles from the point of view of external translation history, focusing on the following questions: What was translated? When was it translated? Where was it translated? Who translated it? Why was it translated? The analysis shows that different genres, notably novels, picture books, and graphic novels, have been translated into Swedish during the investigated time frame, with different patterns regarding factors such as publication interval, translators, and translation subsidies. The increasing tendency of Quebecois titles appearing in Swedish follows the increasing trend of French as a source language in Sweden’s literary market, in contrast to the more even pace of translated literature into Swedish more generally. The results further suggest that a region’s language may have a more significant influence than its geopolitical position in the international market of translations.

Tid, pengar och respekt för hantverket. Elin Svahn samtalar med tre översättningsforskare om översättning och maskiner och om vilka som är branschens ödesfrågor i relation till den tekniska utvecklingen.

Rundabordsdiskussion om skönlitterär översättning och AI med de översättningsvetenskapliga forskarna Paola Ruffo, Kristiina Taivalkoski-Shilov och Joss Moorkens. Samtalet publicerades först i Med andra ord. Tidskrift för litterär översättning nr 115.

The aim of this study is to provide a systematic overview of translation awards in Sweden with a point of departure in seventeen Swedish translation awards. More specifically, the study aims to compare the general patterns surrounding translation awards with literary awards in Sweden researched by Määttä (2010) and to discuss economic, cultural and journalistic capital attached to translation awards. After a discussion of cultural and literary awards more generally, the limited research available on translation awards is presented, after which the seventeen translation awards under scrutiny are presented in depth. Three sorts of translation awards are presented: the first awards translators, e.g., for a life-time achievement; the second awards a translator for a particular translation; and the third awards a particular translation. Different aspects related to translation awards are then thoroughly discussed, such as the awarding institutions, how frequently the awards are disseminated, what the award sum amounts to, when the awards were instigated and their development over time, and to what extend the translation awards have an impact in the media. The study shows that although there are some notable similarities with the literary awards in Määttä's study, not least in terms of the awarding institutions and the development of the awards over time, there are also some characteristics that seem to distinguish translation awards from literary awards. For example, translation awards have less journalistic capital than literary awards. In the discussion, particular emphasis is placed on what kind of quality — that of the source text or of the translation — a translation award can be expected to reward, as well as on how a conversion of different forms of capital might look like from the point of view of a translator. The paper ends with a suggestion of the five most important Swedish translation awards and points out further avenues for future research.

Elin Svahn, Institute for Interpreting and Translation Studies, Department of Swedish Language and Multilingualism, Stockholm University

Pay, Prestige, but Not Publicity? Translation Awards in Sweden 1862–2019 (Pengar och prestige, men inte publicitet? Översättarpriser i Sverige 1862–2019)

The aim of this study is to provide a systematic overview of translation awards in Sweden with a point of departure in seventeen Swedish translation awards. More specifically, the study aims to compare the general patterns surrounding translation awards with literary awards in Sweden researched by Määttä (2010) and to discuss economic, cultural and journalistic capital attached to translation awards. After a discussion of cultural and literary awards more generally, the limited research available on translation awards is presented, after which the seventeen translation awards under scrutiny are presented in depth. Three sorts of translation awards are presented: the first awards translators, e.g., for a life-time achievement; the second awards a translator for a particular translation; and the third awards a particular translation. Different aspects related to translation awards are then thoroughly discussed, such as the awarding institutions, how frequently the awards are disseminated, what the award sum amounts to, when the awards were instigated and their development over time, and to what extend the translation awards have an impact in the media. The study shows that although there are some notable similarities with the literary awards in Määttäs study, not least in terms of the awarding institutions and the development of the awards over time, there are also some characteristics that seem to distinguish translation awards from literary awards. For example, translation awards have less journalistic capital than literary awards. In the discussion, particular emphasis is placed on what kind of quality — that of the source text or of the translation — a translation award can be expected to reward, as well as on how a conversion of different forms of capital might look like from the point of view of a translator. The paper ends with a suggestion of the five most important Swedish translation awards and points out further avenues for future research.

Uppsatsen behandlar översättningen av de fem första kapitlen i Rapt à Bamako, som är ett autentiskt översättningsuppdrag och som kommer att publiceras av Bokförlaget Trasten under hösten 2010. En översättningsprincip för det aktuella uppdraget har bestämts utifrån översättningens förutsättningar, bestående av teoretisk bakgrund, måltextens syfte och kontext, genomgång av referenstexter samt en stilstudie av källtexten. Det framkommer att den kontextuella och lexikala nivån var de som gav upphov till mest svårigheter under översättningsarbetet, men att en stor del av de problematiska översättningsfrågorna kunde lösas med hjälp av översättningsprincipen i fråga.

Within retranslation studies, several scholars have recently pointed to the need to further explore the phenomenon of non-retranslation, i.e., work that has been published in several editions for an extended period of time without being retranslated. A bibliography of non-retranslations in Sweden has shown that the majority of the titles were first published in the 1950s. From a translation historical viewpoint, the 1950s Sweden is characterized as a time when Swedish literary translators started to come together as a collective with the founding of the Swedish Association of Translators in 1954. Hence, this essay sets out to explore a time and a phenomenon: literary translation in the 1950s and non-retranslations. The phenomenon of non-retranslations is approached through three titles that were first published in Swedish in the mid-1900s: Hermann Hesse’s Stäppvargen (Der Steppenwolf) in Sven Stolpe’s translation (1932), John Steinbeck’s Öster om Eden (East of Eden) in Nils Holmberg’s translation (1953), and Françoise Sagan’s Bonjour tristesse in Lily Vallquist’s translation (1955). Stolpe, Holmberg, and Vallquist further represent three different kinds of translators: the author-translator (Stolpe), the union-engaged translator (Holmberg), and the “ordinary” translator (Vallquist). In an analysis of archive material exchanged between the translators and the publishing houses they worked with and writings on the titles in the press, the conditions regarding both the titles they worked with and the conditions regarding the professional practice more generally, are discussed. The findings are cast in relation to Berman’s notion of “great translations” and “great translators”. The results suggest that different conditions applied for the three translators, most notably that the author-translator Stolpe had various advantages and that different forms of cultural capital can be associated with both translators and non-retranslations. Interestingly, the essay also highlights the translators’ limited influence on the translations’ statuses as non-retranslations, which points to the need to investigate the publishing houses’ role in relation to non-retranslations in the future.

Det tog några decennier innan översättaren – ja hen som faktiskt översätter – blev en tänkande aktör av kött och blod inom översättningsvetenskapen. Översättningsvetaren Elin Svahn guidar oss genom en historia av synlighet och osynlighet.

This thesis is concerned with Swedish translators and the society in which they work. It begins with an exploration of the concept of translatorship, leading up to a three-part distinction of 1) textual translatorship, 2) paratextual translatorship, and 3) extratextual translatorship. Adopting a mixed methods approach, the empirical body of the thesis consists of three studies in which different aspects of extratextual translatorship – defined as the translator’s social role – are investigated. In doing so, the thesis makes new and valuable contributions to the field of agent-oriented translation sociology.

The first study explores translators’ perceptions of translatorship using data collected through a widely distributed questionnaire. It employs a comparative approach derived from questionnaire-based studies originally designed by Helle V. Dam and Karen Korning Zethsen and previously conducted in Denmark and Finland. Although the group of respondents are fractionalised in many respects, perceptions concerning both the profession’s characteristics and its value on a societal level are highly unanimous. Statistical tests, however, reveal interesting nuances within the broader unanimity. Furthermore, in relation to previous research on translator status conducted in Denmark and Finland, the results display significant similarities but also some noteworthy differences. The second study investigates the ongoing socialisation of two groups of translation students in the process of becoming translators through a longitudinal focus group study. The data, collected over the course of two years, are analysed through deductive thematic analysis. A special emphasis is placed upon exploring the contextual structures in which the students’ socialisation processes are embedded and the structural factors influencing it. In the third study, in-depth interviews were conducted with five individual translators with different specialisations. Using deductive thematic analysis, the functions of their translatorships are investigated from an individual-centred perspective focusing on their respective roles as translators on an individual, professional and societal level, which correspond, respectively, to a concern for personal satisfaction, a sense of social community, and a higher purpose. Such a framework distinguishes and differentiates individual translators’ approaches to the profession while simultaneously providing an encompassing picture of the different functions of translatorship in translators’ lives.

Overall, the thesis adopts a mixed methods approach in order to generate greater understanding of the dynamics of translatorship in contemporary Sweden. Targeting different levels of translatorship, it unravels a number of significant social dimensions of translatorship, such as the social recognition needed in order to become a translator. Together, the studies also point towards a number of common features as especially relevant for translatorship in contemporary Sweden, namely individualism, entrepreneurialism, collectiveness, translator status, responsibility and exit, i.e. the prospect of leaving the profession. Taken as a whole, the thesis demonstrates the value of a mixed methods approach in the field of agent-oriented translation sociology by shedding considerable light on the links between the translator and society and indicating further avenues through which these links can continue to be explored.

This thesis is concerned with Swedish translators and the society in which they work. It begins with an exploration of the concept of translatorship, leading up to a three-part distinction of 1) textual translatorship, 2) paratextual translatorship, and 3) extratextual translatorship. Adopting a mixed methods approach, the empirical body of the thesis consists of three studies in which different aspects of extratextual translatorship – defined as the translator’s social role – are investigated. In doing so, the thesis makes new and valuable contributions to the field of agentoriented translation sociology.

This chapter explores paratexts—producer-created peritexts and receiver-created epitexts—in connection with Lily Vallquist’s Swedish translation of Bonjour Tristesse by Françoise Sagan. The translation is approached as a non-retranslation, i.e., as a translation that is continuously being republished over a long period of time without prompting a retranslation; Vallquist’s Bon­ jour tristesse has been published, in the same translation, in eight editions between 1955 and 2012. Consequently, it represents a prime object for studying paratexts in order to follow the novel’s long-term canonization in the Swedish literary system. The findings show an interplay between the epitexts and peritexts, with formulations being used, re-used, and slightly altered over a period of over fifty years, highlighting the interrelations between publishing houses and press. They also show how the short-term consecration, mainly by Bonjour tristesse being published in book clubs and classics series, builds up to the long-term canonization and the novel’s contemporary status as a classic. The chapter concludes with a discussion of whether a translation from the 1950s may in fact be perceived as an asset for a novel and an author that are strongly associated with the same era.

The phenomenon of non-retranslation, here defined as translations that are continuously being republished over an extended period of time without being retranslated, has attracted scholarly attention in recent years. Yet, there has been no systematic exploration of the phenomenon to date. This article aims to fill this gap by reporting on a bibliography of Swedish non-retranslations, which has been constructed as an answer to previous calls on macro-studies in retranslation studies. In particular, this article offers a first overview of the bibliography with a point of departure in the five W and one H approach. Hence, this article aims to answer some questions regarding non-retranslation, such as what (establishing a definition; categories), who (authors; translators), when(publication timespan; publication interval), where (source languages; publishers; series), how (overt and covert revisions), and why (hypotheses). Some of the findings, regarding for example publication timespans and publication intervals, counter some of the assumptions often prevailing on retranslations. The article concludes with pointing out new avenues for research, such as exploring the role of publishing houses in relation to non-retranslation and case studies on specific titles. In sum, the article presents a macro-perspective of non-retranslation, with implications for both research on retranslation and non-retranslation.

Recently, scholars have pointed to the need for exploring non-retranslations, i.e. translations that are continuously being published in a target culture but not retranslated. Yet, there has not been a thorough examination of the phenomenon to date. This article aims to explore this phenomenon in greater depth by reporting on a pilot study from a bibliography on Swedish non-retranslations. More specifically, the article investigates the concept of (alleged) ageing in relation to fourteen Swedish non-retranslations that have been published, in the same translation, in more than ten editions over the course of 45–87 years. The non-retranslations are discussed through the parameters of publication history, agents of non-retranslations, and textual features. The article’s findings contradict some established views regarding the (alleged) ageing of texts as a motive for retranslation and complement others.

I den här artikeln undersöks hur en grupp nyblivna översättarstudenter ser på översättning med utgångspunkt i ett översättningssociologiskt ramverk. Syftet är att visa hur ett socialt och temporalt kontextualiserat översättningsbegrepp (concept of translation) kan konstrueras utifrån ett fokusgruppsamtal. Fokusgruppsamtalet spelades in tre månader efter att studenterna hade påbörjat sina studier och analyserades induktivt genom tematisk analys enligt Braun & Clarkes (2006) modell. Analysen resulterade i fyra övergripande teman: 1) översättning är allmängiltigt – översättning är kontextspecifikt, 2) översättning är socialt – översättning är individuellt, 3) översättning är teoretiskt – översättning är praktiskt och 4) översättning är osynligt. Dessutom tillkommer tre teman om vad översättnig enligt studenterna inte är: översättning är inte tolkning, översättning är inte (bara) språkkunskaper och översättning är inte (bara) fackkunskaper. Resultatet visar att studenternas syn på översättnig kan kopplas till fem sociala kontexter som de på olika sätt relaterar till: det svenska samhället, allmänheten, språkutbildningen, översättarutbildningen och översättaryrket.

Det har länge saknats kurslitteratur i översättningsvetenskaplig metod som är skriven på svenska. Översättningsvetenskap i praktiken är tänkt att fylla det tomrummet och fungera som en introduktion såväl på översättarutbildningar och forskarutbildningar i översättningsvetenskap som på översättningsinriktade kurser inom ramen för enskilda språkämnen.

Här kan du att vässa din förmåga till metodologisk analys, inspireras av aktuell översättningsvetenskaplig forskning och få verktyg för att skapa en stringent vetenskaplig studie.

The articles in this thematic section all address questions concerning the translation profession, translator status and identity in ways that are associated with the concept of boundaries. The ar-ticles are based on presentations held at a panel on translator status and identity during the 8th Congress of the European Society for Translation Studies (EST), organised at Aarhus University, in September 2016. The panel and the present thematic section comprise a continuation of the dis-cussion of these themes in the previous EST Congress and in the thematic issue of The Journal of Specialised Translation titled “The translation profession: centres and peripheries” (2016), edited by Helle Vrønning Dam and Kaisa Koskinen. In this introduction, we first discuss the concept of boundaries around and within the transla-tion profession as introduced by Dam/Koskinen in the above-mentioned thematic issue. Next, as all the articles in this thematic section represent sociological research into translation and transla-tors, we draw attention to boundary work within the discipline of Translation Studies; building on Andrew Chesterman’s (2006, 2009) map of Translator Studies, we propose a continuum of Socio-logical vs. Cultural Translator Studies. Finally, we introduce the articles, considering the kinds of boundaries they explore and where they are placed on the continuum.