The exponential growth of the electronics industry is the result of the growing demand for electronic devices such as portable electronic devices, human-machine interface units, wearable healthcare devices, and intelligent robots. The commonly used materials in electronic devices generally possess typical non-renewable and toxic drawbacks. Consequently, it generates a considerable amount of electronic waste (e-waste), which is now a global environmental concern. The use of biopolymers like cellulose is an alternative to tackle this pressing issue since it is an abundantly available natural biopolymer. In addition, nanocomposites have specific characteristics with high surface area, excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and electrochemical properties. This chapter particularly focuses on the manufacturing process of cellulose-based nanocomposites and their properties and applications in smart electronics in order to reduce e-waste to achieve environmental sustainability