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A Method-Agnostic Tool for Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment
Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Cybersecurity.
Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Cybersecurity.
2026 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Metodagnostiskt Verktyg För Hotanalys och Riskbedömning (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

As cyber-physical systems become increasingly integrated and interconnected, risks and threats also become dependent on each component in a complex system. Previously, threat analysis and risk assessments have been done separately to identify and reduce vulnerabilities within each system. However, this is no longer a sustainable practice as cyber-physical systems and IT/OT systems are more dependent on each other than ever. Furthermore, the overlap in methods used to analyze and assess threats and risks for safety and security, respectively, is quite substantial, but there is a lack of tools to leverage this into a more comprehensive process. The need for tools with the capability to support threat analysis and risk assessment in both cybersecurity and functional safety is apparent. This thesis investigates how a method agnostic TARA/HARA framework can be designed and supported in software. The work explores design principles and technical solutions for supporting co-analysis of cybersecurity and functional safety across both OT and IT domains. Particular emphasis is placed on collaboration between multiple stakeholders, support for concurrent risk assessment, and mechanisms for maintaining and evolving risk assessments over time. As part of the study, an artifact is designed and implemented to demonstrate key concepts and functionality. This artifact is then evaluated with respect to threat model agnosticism, usability, flexibility and its support for collaborative and iterative risk assessment. Finally, the thesis investigates the potential role of Large Language Models (LLMs) as decision-support tools for threat identification and analysis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. , p. 113
Series
LiTH-IDA-R, ISSN 0281-4250 ; 74
Keywords [en]
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA), Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA), Functional Safety, Cybersecurity, Risk Assessment, Threat Modeling, Method-Agnostic Framework, Integrated Risk Assessment, Safety–Security Co-analysis, Collaborative Risk Assessment, IT/OT Convergence, Information Technology (IT), Operational Technology (OT), Security Engineering, Safety Engineering, Risk Management, Threat Identification, Decision Support Systems, Human-in-the-Loop AI, Large Language Models (LLMs), Software Architecture, Design Science Research, Secure System Design
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-226035ISRN: LIU-IDA/LITH-EX-A--26/074--SEOAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-226035DiVA, id: diva2:2083594
External cooperation
RISE
Subject / course
Information Technology
Presentation
2026-06-12, Charles Babbage, Mäster Mattias Väg 29, LINKÖPING, 15:15 (English)
Supervisors
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CyRECAvailable from: 2026-07-02 Created: 2026-07-02 Last updated: 2026-07-02Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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