This chapter describes the ways transgender and non-binary (TNB) people are perceived and categorized, focusing on the challenges they face in gaining recognition and acceptance for their gender identities. Because gender is commonly perceived as binary (i.e., female and male), TNB people are often misgendered, discriminated against, and socially excluded. This is further complicated by the lack of gender-neutral terms in many languages, which contributes to the invisibility of TNB people. There is a lack of consensus about the characteristics associated with TNB people, resulting in TNB individuals being perceived as more androgynous than their cisgender counterparts and more often stereotyped according to their belonging to an overarching ‘trans’ group. Skepticism toward TNB people and gender beyond the binary can translate into negative perceptions, then manifested through discrimination and social exclusion. To promote greater visibility and inclusion, it is important to increase the representation of TNB in research and to implement policies that protect the rights of TNB people. By adopting these practices, society can foster a more inclusive environment for all gender identities, benefiting both TNB individuals and the wider LGBTQIA+ community by enriching the understanding of gender diversity.