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How Buildings Are Textualized for Large Language Models Processing: A Preliminary Study
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Data Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5091-6285
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
2026 (English)In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Nature , 2026, Vol. 16394 LNCS, p. 229-238Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Large Language Models-based AI Agents (LLM Agents) are capable of replicating human-like intelligent behaviors such as reasoning, planning, decision-making and executing actions across various environments. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of applying LLM Agents to building energy systems, enhancing automation, streamlining information processing, and supporting decision-making processes while reducing the need for manual intervention and domain-specific expertise. However, the fundamental challenge of how physical building systems are properly textualized so that LLMs can process them remains largely unaddressed. This paper analyzes how various LLM applications in the building and energy domains represent and textualize their physical system targets, based on a preliminary review of recent literature. The study reveals that most current applications rely on custom, simple, unstructured text-based representations. In contrast, a number of existing works have adopted ontology-based representations, which introduce formal semantic graphs that can help integrate heterogeneous information. Building on this observation, the paper highlights ontology-based approaches as a promising direction for enhancing LLM-building interactions

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature , 2026. Vol. 16394 LNCS, p. 229-238
Keywords [en]
Agentic systems, LLM agents, Smart building energy systems
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-81738DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-19137-3_15Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105039626561OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-81738DiVA, id: diva2:2068446
Conference
5th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2025, Kuala Lumpur
Note

QC 20260609

Available from: 2026-06-09 Created: 2026-06-09 Last updated: 2026-06-09Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

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Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf