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Tip Leakage Study of a Highly Loaded High Pressure Turbine Rotor
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
2024 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates the impact of tip gap size on the performance of high-load unshrouded gas turbine rotors, specifically focusing on three different configurations: nominal (1.35%𝑆, % of blade span), small (0.98%𝑆), and large (1.92%𝑆) tip gaps. The objective is to determine the quantitative performance parameters of the turbine stage at the design point and across varying rotational speeds. Experimental measurements were conducted using the test turbine facility at the unit of Heat and Power Department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology by simulating actual flow conditions to assess leakage flow and its effects on turbine performance. Computational models were developed to visualise flow behaviour and validated with the experimental data. The study found that increasing the tip gap size significantly impacts turbine efficiency, with larger gaps resulting in greater tip leakage flows and stronger leakage vortices. The tip leakage effects drastically alter flow dynamics from the tip region down to 50% of the blade span and lead to a notable decrease in turbine stage efficiency. Conversely, reducing the tip gap size improves efficiency by minimising leakage flow. The results from both experimental and computational analyses show a high level of agreement, validating the numerical models in predicting the effects of tip leakage flow. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the aerodynamic losses associated with tip leakage in highly loaded high-pressure turbines and offers guidelines for optimising tip gap sizes to enhance turbine performance. The results pointed out the importance of precise tip gap management in turbine rotor blade design.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling undersöker storleken av rotorbladets toppspel och dess effekt pĂ„ prestandan hos högbelastade rotorblad, med sĂ€rskilt fokus pĂ„ tre olika konfigurationer: nominell (1, 35%𝑆, procent av bladspann), liten (0, 98%𝑆) och stor (1, 92%𝑆). MĂ„let Ă€r att faststĂ€lla de kvantitativa prestandaparametrarna för turbinsteget vid designpunkten och över varierande varvtal. Experimentella mĂ€tningar utfördes vid testturbinanlĂ€ggningen pĂ„ enheten för vĂ€rme- och kraftavdelningen vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, dĂ€r faktiska flödesförhĂ„llanden simulerades för att bedöma topplĂ€ckage och dess effekter pĂ„ turbinens prestanda. Numeriska berĂ€kningsmodeller utvecklades för att visualisera flödesbeteende och validerades med experimentella data. Studien fann att en ökning av toppspelets storlek avsevĂ€rt pĂ„verkar turbinens effektivitet, dĂ€r större toppspel resulterar i större lĂ€ckageflöden och starkare sekundĂ€rvirvlar. De förĂ€ndrade effekterna i flödesdynamiken strĂ€cker sig ner till 50% av bladets höjd, vilket leder till en anmĂ€rkningsvĂ€rd minskning av turbinstegets verkningsgrad. Motsatsvis förbĂ€ttrar en reducering av bladtoppspelet verkningsgraden genom att minimera lĂ€ckageflödet. Resultaten frĂ„n bĂ„de experimentella och berĂ€kningsanalyser visar en hög nivĂ„ av överensstĂ€mmelse, vilket validerar de numeriska modellerna för att förutsĂ€ga effekterna av toppspelsvariationer. Sammantaget ger denna forskning vĂ€rdefulla insikter om de aerodynamiska förlusterna i samband med topplĂ€ckaget i högt belastade rotorblad i högtrycksturbiner och ger riktlinjer för att optimera bladgeometrin nĂ€ra bladtoppen för att förbĂ€ttra turbinens prestanda. Resultaten pekade pĂ„ vikten av noggrann beaktande av topplĂ€ckaget vid design av turbinrotorblad.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. , p. 59
Series
TRITA-ITM-EX ; 2024:290
Keywords [en]
tip gap leakage, gas turbine, unshrouded rotor blades, turbine efficiency, aerodynamic losses, tip leakage loss, experimental measurements, computational fluid dynamics
Keywords [sv]
toppspelslÀckage, gasturbin, rotorblad, turbineffektivitet, aerodynamiska förluster, topplÀckageförlust, experimentella mÀtningar, CFD, numerisk strömningsmekanik
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-354144OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-354144DiVA, id: diva2:1901833
Subject / course
Thermal Engineering
Educational program
Degree of Master
Presentation
2024-08-05, 00:00
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-09-30 Created: 2024-09-30 Last updated: 2024-09-30Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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