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Communication, Treatment Expectations,Beliefs, and Self-Management of Nausea: for Enhanced Quality of Daily and Working Lifeduring Chemotherapy for Cancer
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8764-9328
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Syfte: Att undersöka och beskriva betydelsen av behandlingsförväntningar, tilltro, kommunikation och egenvårdsstrategier gällande illamående under cytostatikabehandling vid cancer. Metod: Studie I var en tvärsnittsstudie av 457 patienter med cancer. Studie II använde randomiserad kontrollerad design och Studie IV en longitudinell design, med 198 patienter under medel- eller högemetogen cytostatikabehandling. I Studie III intervjuades 15 av dessa. Självrapporterade data samlades in via frågeformulär och analyserades med beskrivande och inferentiell statistik. Intervjuerna analyserades med reflexiv tematisk analys. Resultat: Under cancerbehandling trodde 63 % att akupunktur var effektivt, särskilt kvinnor och yngre patienter, medan 1 % hade använt det. Positiv kommunikation om antiemetiska effekter minskade inte illamåendeintensiteten. Patienter som fick positiv kommunikation under ordinarie antiemetisk behandling skattade mer positiva behandlingsförväntningar (79 mm Visuell Analog Skala (VAS) jämfört med andra grupper, 63–74). Förväntan att må illa var kopplad till mer illamående (34 vs. 18 och 11 mm VAS). Patienter med illamående skattade sämre livskvalitet och sämre funktion i dagliga aktiviteter. Egenvård mot illamående användes av 65 %, mest av yngre patienter, främst fysisk aktivitet. Vissa beskrev illamåendet som begränsande, medan andra inte upplevde något illamående eller kunde hantera det. Totalt mådde 54 % inte illa under cytostatikaperioden. Tidigare erfarenheter ansågs mer betydelsefulla än information för att skapa förväntningar. Slutsats: Trots hög tilltro till akupunktur var det få som använde det under cancerbehandling. Positiv kommunikation minskade inte illamående men påverkade behandlingsförväntningar hos patienter som fick ordinarie antiemetisk behandling. De som förväntade sig illamående mådde mer illa. Illamående försämrade livskvalitet och funktion i vardagen. Egenvård användes ofta. Tidigare erfarenheter uppfattades skapa förväntningar.

Abstract [en]

Overall aim: To investigate and describe the significance of treatment expectations, beliefs, communication, and self-management strategies in antiemetic care during chemotherapy for cancer. Methods: Patients with cancer (n=457) were cross-sectionally studied in Study I. Study II used a randomized controlled design, and Study IV a longitudinal design, with 198 patients undergoing moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In Study III, 15 of them were interviewed. Questionnaires collected self-reported data, which were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Interviews underwent reflexive thematic analysis. Results: During cancer therapy, 63% believed acupuncture to be effective, especially women and younger patients. Around 1% had used it. Positive communication about antiemetic effects did not reduce nausea intensity. Patients receiving positive communication during standard antiemetic care (SAC) reported more positive treatment expectations (79 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) vs. 63-74 mm in other groups). Expecting nausea was associated with worse nausea intensity (34 vs. 18 and 11 mm VAS). Nauseated patients rated worse quality of life (QoL) and functioning in daily activities. Self-management of nausea was used by 65%, particularly younger patients, with physical activity being most common. Some described nausea as limiting daily life, others experienced no nausea or had found ways to manage it. Overall, 54% did not experience nausea during the chemotherapy period. Previous experiences were viewed as more influential in shaping expectations than information. Conclusion: Despite positive beliefs in acupuncture effects, actual use during cancer therapy was rare. Positive communication did not reduce nausea but affected treatment expectations in patients receiving SAC. Expecting nausea predicted nausea. Nausea impaired QoL and functioning in daily activities. Patients frequently self-managed nausea. Previous experiences were perceived to shape expectations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2026. , p. 70
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 70
Keywords [en]
communication, treatment expectations, nausea, self-management, cancer, chemotherapy, psychological adaptation, quality of life, activities of daily living, work
Keywords [sv]
kommunikation, behandlingsförväntningar, illamående, egenvård, cancer, cytostatikabehandling, psykologisk anpassning, hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, dagliga aktiviteter, arbete
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48941ISBN: 978-91-89593-85-5 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89593-86-2 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-48941DiVA, id: diva2:2019497
Public defence
2026-02-13, 33:202, Högskolan i Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Gävle, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-01-23 Created: 2025-12-08 Last updated: 2026-07-02
List of papers
1. Acupuncture in patients undergoing cancer therapy: Their interest and belief in acupuncture is high, but few are using it
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Acupuncture in patients undergoing cancer therapy: Their interest and belief in acupuncture is high, but few are using it
2022 (English)In: Integrative Cancer Therapies, ISSN 1534-7354, E-ISSN 1552-695X, Vol. 21, p. 1-11Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objectives: Since pre-existing expectations, that is, beliefs, in a treatment may modify outcomes, and acupuncture studies often fail to measure expectations, we wanted to investigate the use of acupuncture, interest, and belief in acupuncture effects among patients undergoing cancer therapy.

Method: A cross-sectional design, where the participants answered a study-specific questionnaire with questions regarding their use of, interest and belief in acupuncture treatment.

Results: A total of 457 patients with cancer (48% men, mean age 65 years) answered the questionnaire. Acupuncture was used by 4 (1%) patients during their cancer therapy, and 368 (83%) expressed an interest in receiving acupuncture. Of the 457 patients, 289 (63%) believed acupuncture to be effective for at least 1 of 17 requested symptoms, most commonly pain (56% of the patients) and muscle tension (40%). They believed acupuncture to be effective for a mean value 3 of the 17 requested symptoms. Women (P < .001), and patients 41 to 65 years (P < .001), expressed a stronger belief in acupuncture effects than others.

Conclusions: Men and older patients expressed weaker beliefs in acupuncture effects than other patients, indicating the importance of collecting expectancy data in future randomized sham-controlled acupuncture studies to be able to treat expectancy as an effect-modifier. The high interest and beliefs in acupuncture effects found also indicate that acupuncture should be available for patients with cancer, for side effects where acupuncture has shown to be effective. In a clinical setting, older men might need more encouragement regarding positive expected outcomes of the acupuncture treatment than younger women.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage, 2022
Keywords
acupuncture therapy; attitudes; cancer survivors; complementary and alternative medicine; expectations; oncology nursing
National Category
Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-38046 (URN)10.1177/15347354221077277 (DOI)000765880900001 ()35212241 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85125358001 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-03-07 Created: 2022-03-07 Last updated: 2025-12-08Bibliographically approved
2. Using communication to strengthen positive treatment expectations regarding antiemetic effects during chemotherapy for cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Using communication to strengthen positive treatment expectations regarding antiemetic effects during chemotherapy for cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48964 (URN)
Available from: 2025-12-08 Created: 2025-12-08 Last updated: 2026-03-10Bibliographically approved
3. Chemotherapy-induced Emesis: Experienced Burden in Life, and Significance of Treatment Expectations and Communication in Chemotherapy Care
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Chemotherapy-induced Emesis: Experienced Burden in Life, and Significance of Treatment Expectations and Communication in Chemotherapy Care
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2023 (English)In: Integrative Cancer Therapies, ISSN 1534-7354, E-ISSN 1552-695X, Vol. 22Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Objective: Because antiemetics have become more effective and integrative therapies such as acupuncture are used in combination with antiemetics, people receiving chemotherapy for cancer today might expect less emesis than in the past. It is not previously described if and how people receiving modern antiemetics during chemotherapy experience emesis. The objective of this study was to describe experiences regarding emesis among persons undergoing emetogenic chemotherapy, and how it affects their quality of life, daily life and work. A further aim was to describe views on the significance of treatment expectations and communication with healthcare personnel while undergoing chemotherapy for cancer.

Method: Fifteen participants (median age 62 years, n = 1 man and n = 14 women, with breast (n = 13) or colorectal (n = 2) cancer) undergoing adjuvant or neo-adjuvant highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy were interviewed individually. The data were then analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results: Three themes described the participants’ experiences: “Your whole life is affected, or continues as usual,” covering descriptions of emesis limiting some participants’ everyday lives, while others experienced no emesis at all or had found ways to manage it. Overall, participants described satisfaction with their antiemetic treatment. “Experiences and expectations more important than information”, that is, the participants reported wanting all the information they could get about possible adverse effects of treatment, although they believed previous experiences were more important than information in creating expectations about treatment outcomes. The participants reported that being seen as a unique person was of utmost importance: “Meet me as I am.” This creates trust in healthcare personnel and a feeling of safety and security in the situation.

Conclusions: These findings underline the importance of person-centered care and support in creating positive treatment expectations. Future research is called for regarding the potential antiemetic effects of positive communication regarding strengthening positive treatment expectations during emetogenic chemotherapy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SAGE, 2023
National Category
Cancer and Oncology
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work, Inkluderande arbetsliv
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43484 (URN)10.1177/15347354231217296 (DOI)001125792800001 ()38098295 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85179678460 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-12-19 Created: 2023-12-19 Last updated: 2025-12-08Bibliographically approved
4. Self-management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and the relationship between nausea and quality of life, daily activities, and sickness absence during chemotherapy for cancer: A longitudinal study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Self-management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and the relationship between nausea and quality of life, daily activities, and sickness absence during chemotherapy for cancer: A longitudinal study
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48963 (URN)
Available from: 2025-12-08 Created: 2025-12-08 Last updated: 2026-01-21Bibliographically approved

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