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Organizational learning - the missing link in successful continuous improvement?
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Communication, Quality Management, and Information Systems (2023-).ORCID iD: 0009-0005-0838-5480
2025 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Organizations in general, and healthcare organizations in particular, are constantly facing various challenges, and continuous improvement (CI) is considered important if organizations are to tackle these challenges and achieve organizational success. CI is acore principle of quality management and is frequently used in healthcare organizations. However, the success of CI has not produced clearly demonstrable positive effects. One proposed reason for this is the lack of focus on the learning integral to CI.

In this thesis, the importance of integrating learning with CI is emphasized through use of the term continuous organizational improvements and learning (COIL). For success with COIL, organizations also need enough people with the right capabilities. 

The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to explore important factors for supporting COIL and the enhancement of COIL capability in organizations. To address the purpose of the study, the following research questions were formulated: RQ 1. What attributes of interventions are important for enhancing COIL capability?, and RQ 2. What conditions within an organization are important for supporting COIL? 

A systematic literature review and a qualitative longitudinal case study were conducted in order to fulfil the purpose of the study. The literature review explored the research topic from the perspective of what has already been done regarding interventions that enhance COIL capability in healthcare organizations; while the case study explored the research topic from the perspective of what occurs organically within an organization striving to improve its work with CI and was conducted within a Swedish County Council over a period of 18 months. 

Common attributes of interventions that enhance COIL capability arethat they have engaged managers who adopt a strategic approach; utilization of external training and guidance from coaches and facilitators, for example, to develop internal knowledge, skills and confidence; use of a process and structure (quality management methodology) to bring about improvements and learning; and autonomy, accountability and safety for both individuals and teams. Important conditions within the organization that support COIL are an understanding of the concept; knowledge about and habit of reflection; using existing knowledge; being open to knowledge from others; and safety and trust. 

Both the literature review and the case study suggest close relationships and interactions between attributes of interventions and organizational contextual factors that either support and facilitate or hinder and obstruct. Consideration of these interactions appears essential in order to develop COIL and COIL capability. The findings emphasize the importance of incorporating learning aspects into CI. COIL represents a potential approach to integration of organizational learning and CI, thereby contributing to enhanced capability and capacity to successfully support development and improvements within organizations. 

Abstract [sv]

Organisationer i allmänhet, och hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer i synnerhet möter ständigt olika utmaningar och ständiga förbättringar anses viktigt för att organisationer ska kunna tackla dessa utmaningar och uppnå organisatorisk framgång. Ständiga förbättringar är en grundläggande värdering inom kvalitetsteknik och används frekvent inom hälso- och sjukvårdens organisationer. Däremot har ständiga förbättringar inte producerat tydliga positiva effekter. En föreslagen anledning till detta är avsaknaden av fokus på det lärande som anses vara en väsentlig del av ständiga förbättringar.

I den här avhandlingen betonas vikten av att integrera lärande med ständiga förbättringar genom användandet av begreppet kontinuerliga organisatoriska förbättringar och lärande (förkortat COIL). För att lyckas med COIL behöver organisationer också tillräckligt med individer som har rätt kapabilitet, dvs kunskap, förmågor och självförtroende.

Syftet med den här licentiatavhandlingen är att utforska viktiga faktorer som stödjer COIL och ökning av COIL-kapabilitet i organisationer. För att besvara syftet formulerades följande forskningsfrågor: 1. Vilka egenskaper (karaktäristika) hos interventioner är viktiga för att öka COIL-kapabilitet?, och 2. Vilka förutsättningar i en organisation är viktiga för att stödja COIL?

För att uppfylla syftet utfördes en systematisk litteraturgranskning och en kvalitativ longitudinell fallstudie. Den systematiska litteraturgranskningen utforskade forskningsområdet från perspektivet av vad som redan har gjorts när det kommer till interventioner som ökar COIL-kapabiliteten i hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer, medan fallstudien utforskade forskningsområdet från perspektivet av vad som händer organiskt i en organisation som strävar efter att förbättra sitt arbete med ständiga förbättringar. Fallstudien genomfördes i en svensk Region över 18 månader. 

Gemensamma egenskaper för interventioner som ökar COIL-kapabiliteten är att de har engagerade ledare med ett strategiskt förhållningssätt; de använder extern träning och guidning från till exempel coacher och facilitatorer för att utveckla interna kunskaper, förmågor och självförtroende; de använder en process och struktur (kvalitetsteknisk metodologi) för att skapa förbättringar och lärande; och autonomi, ansvarighet och säkerhet bland både individer och team. Viktiga organisatoriska förhållanden som stödjer COIL är en förståelse för begreppet; kunskap om och vana av att reflektera; använda befintlig kunskap; vara öppen för kunskap från andra; och säkerhet och trygghet.

Både litteraturgranskningen och fallstudien tyder på nära relationer och interaktioner mellan interventioners egenskaper och organisatoriska kontextuella faktorer som antingen stödjer och underlättar eller hindrar och försvårar. Det förefaller nödvändigt att ta hänsyn till dessa interaktioner för att kunna utveckla COIL och COIL-kapabilitet. Resultaten betonar vikten av att inkludera lärandeaspekter med ständiga förbättringar. COIL representerar en potentiell metod för att integrera organisatoriskt lärande och ständiga förbättringar, och bidrar därigenom till ökad förmåga och kapacitet för att framgångsrikt stödja utveckling och förbättringsarbete inom organisationer. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sundsvall: Mid Sweden University , 2025. , p. 94
Series
Mid Sweden University licentiate thesis, ISSN 1652-8948 ; 209
Keywords [en]
continuous improvement, organizational learning, continuous organizational improvements and learning, reflection, healthcare, public sector, contextual factors
Keywords [sv]
ständiga förbättringar, organisatoriskt lärande, kontinuerliga organisatoriska förbättringar och lärande, reflektion, hälso- och sjukvård, offentlig sektor, kontextuella faktorer
National Category
Reliability and Maintenance
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-55415ISBN: 978-91-90017-28-9 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:miun-55415DiVA, id: diva2:1993635
Presentation
2025-10-02, Q340, Kunskapens väg 8, Östersund, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

This thesis is a part of the Multidisciplinary National Health Innovation Research School. 

Vid tidpunkten för framläggningen av avhandlingen var följande delarbete opublicerat: delarbete 3 (inskickat).

At the time of the defence the following paper was unpublished: paper 3 (submitted).

Available from: 2025-09-01 Created: 2025-09-01 Last updated: 2025-09-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Enhancing capability for continuous organisational improvement and learning in healthcare organisations: A systematic review of the literature 2013-2022
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing capability for continuous organisational improvement and learning in healthcare organisations: A systematic review of the literature 2013-2022
2024 (English)In: BMJ Open Quality, E-ISSN 2399-6641, Vol. 13, no 2, article id e002566Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background Healthcare organisations strive to meet their current and future challenges and need to increase their capacity for continuous organisational improvement and learning (COIL). A key aspect of this capacity is the development of COIL capability among employees. Objective This systematic review aims to explore common attributes of interventions that contribute to the development of COIL capability in healthcare organisations and to explore possible facilitating and hindering factors. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, MEDLINE and Business Source Complete for primary research studies in English or Swedish, in peer-reviewed journals, focusing on organisational improvements and learning in healthcare organisations. Studies were included if they were published between 2013 and 23 November 2022, reported outcomes on COIL capability, included organisations or groups, and were conducted in high-income countries. The included articles were analysed to identify themes related to successful interventions and factors influencing COIL capability. Results Thirty-six articles were included, with two studies reporting unsuccessful attempts at increasing COIL capability. The studies were conducted in nine different countries, encompassing diverse units, with the timeframes varying from 15 weeks to 8 years, and they employed quantitative (n=10), qualitative (n=11) and mixed methods (n=15). Analysis of the included articles identified four themes for both attributes of interventions and the factors that facilitated or hindered successful interventions: (1) engaged managers with a strategic approach, (2) external training and guidance to develop internal knowledge, skills and confidence, (3) process and structure to achieve improvements and learning and (4) individuals and teams with autonomy, accountability, and safety. Conclusion This review provides insights into the intervention attributes that are associated with increasing COIL capability in healthcare organisations as well as factors that can have hindering or facilitating effects. Strategic management, external support, structured processes and empowered teams emerged as key elements for enhancing COIL capability. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMJ, 2024
Keywords
Continuous quality improvement, Healthcare quality improvement, Quality improvement
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-51133 (URN)10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002566 (DOI)001201875400006 ()38569667 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85189704192 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-04-16 Created: 2024-04-16 Last updated: 2025-09-25Bibliographically approved
2. Exploring interactions between healthcare contextual factors and continuous organizational improvement and learning using iterative thematic inquiry
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring interactions between healthcare contextual factors and continuous organizational improvement and learning using iterative thematic inquiry
2024 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

For phenomena occurring in complex contexts, there is a need for studies which include the context in order to investigate interactions between the phenomena and their context. In qualitative research there is also a need for further descriptions on how to develop themes. The purpose of this paper is to describe a qualitative research design where Iterative Thematic Inquiry is used as the analysis method. The ongoing study concerns the phenomenon of Continuous Organizational Improvement and Learning within its natural setting, and this paper presents initial results from and reflections on the first phase of data collection. 

Keywords
continuous improvement, organizational learning, iterative thematic inquiry, case study, healthcare
National Category
Reliability and Maintenance
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-53619 (URN)
Conference
31st International EurOMA Conference: Transforming people and processes for a better world, Barcelona, July 1-3, 2024
Available from: 2025-01-16 Created: 2025-01-16 Last updated: 2025-09-25Bibliographically approved

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