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Modelling Fiber Network Materials:Micromechanics, Constitutive Behaviour and AI
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4364-6894
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis focuses on understanding the mechanical behavior of fiber-based materials by utilizing various modeling approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on their structural variability, anisotropic properties, and damage behavior. Furthermore, the study explores moisture diffusion phenomena within these materials, leveraging machine learning techniques. The research employs a blend of multiscale modeling, experimental investigation, machine learning, and continuum modeling to enhance the predictive capabilities for modelling fiber-based materials.

In Paper I, the work investigates the impact of stochastic variations in the structural properties of thin fiber networks on their mechanical performance. A multiscale approach that includes modeling, numerical simulation, and experimental measurements is proposed to assess this relationship. The research also considers the influence of drying conditions during production on fiber properties. The study finds that spatial variability in density has a significant impact on local strain fields, while fiber orientation angle with respect to drying restraints is a key influencer of the mechanical response. In Paper II, the research delves into the investigation of anisotropic properties and pressure sensitivity of fiber network materials. It draws a comparison between the Hoffman yield criterion and the Xia model, which are widely utilized for simulating the mechanical response in fiber-based materials. The study performs a detailed analysis of these models under bi-axial loading conditions, assessing their numerical stability and calibration flexibility. Further supporting the research community, the paper provides open-source access to the user material implementations of both models and introduces a calibration tool specifically for the Xia model, thereby promoting ease of usage and facilitating further research in this domain. In Paper III a novel thermodynamically consistent continuum damage model for fiber-based materials is introduced. Through the integration of elastoplasticity and damage mechanisms, the model employs non-quadratic surfaces comprised of multi sub-surfaces, augmented with an enhanced gradient damage approach. The model’s capability is demonstrated by predicting the nonlinear mechanical behavior under in-plane loading. This study provides valuable insights into the damage behavior of fiber-based materials, showcasing a range of failure modes from brittle-like to ductile. In Paper IV, the study examines moisture penetration in fiber-based materials and the resultant out-of-plane deformation, known as curl deformation, using a combination of traditional experiments, machine learning techniques, and continuum modeling. The paper compares the effectiveness of two machine learning models, a Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), in predicting the gradient of the moisture profile history. The study finds that the RNN model, which accounts for temporal dependencies, provides superior accuracy. The predicted gradient moisture profile enables simulating the curl response, offering a deeper understanding of the relationship between moisture penetration and paper curling.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling fokuserar på att förstå det mekaniska beteendet hos fiberbaserade material genom att använda olika modelleringsmetoder. Särskild vikt läggs på deras strukturella variationer, anisotropa egenskaper och skadebeteende. Dessutom utforskar denna studie fuktdiffusionsfenomen inom dessa material, med hjälp av maskininlärningstekniker. Forskningen använder en blandning av flerskalemodellering, experimentell undersökning, maskininlärning och kontinuummodellering för att förbättra den prediktiva förmågan för fiberbaserade material.

Artikel I undersöker effekten av stokastiska variationer i strukturella egenskaper hos tunna fibernätverk på mekaniska prestanda. Ett flerskaligt tillvägagångssätt som inkluderar modellering, numerisk simulering och experimentella mätningar föreslås för att studera detta samband. Denna metodik tar också hänsyn till inverkan av torkningsförhållanden under produktionen på fiberegenskaper. Studien visar att spatiala variationer i densitet har en betydande inverkan på lokala töjningsfält, medan fiberorienteringsvinkeln med avseende på hur arket är inspänt under torkningsförloppet är en viktig faktor för den mekaniska responsen. I Artikel II utförs en fördjupad undersökningen av anisotropa egenskaper och tryckkänslighet hos fibernätverk. En jämförelse utförs mellan Hoffmans flytkriterium och Xia-modellen, som används i stor utsträckning för att simulera den mekaniska responsen i fiberbaserade material. Studien innehåller en detaljerad analys av dessa modeller under biaxiala belastningsförhållanden, och bedömer deras numeriska stabilitet och kalibreringsflexibilitet. För att stödja forskarsamhället ytterligare, ges åtkomst till öppen källkod till implementeringen av båda materialmodellerna samt introducerar ett kalibreringsverktyg specifikt för Xia-modellen, vilket främjar användarvänligheten och underlättar ytterligare forskning inom denna domän. I Artikel III introduceras en ny termodynamiskt konsekvent kontinuumskademodell för fiberbaserade material. Genom integreringen av elasto-plasticitet och skademekanismer, använder modellen icke-kvadratiska ytor som består av flera underytor, utökad med en förbättrad gradientskademodell. Modellens förmåga demonstreras genom att förutsäga det olinjära mekaniska beteendet under belastning i planet. Den här studien ger värdefulla insikter i skadebeteendet hos fiberbaserade material, och visar en rad brottmoder som sträcker sig från spröda till sega brott. I Artikel IV studeras fuktinträngning i fiberbaserade material och den resulterande deformationen ut ur planet, känd som curldeformation, med hjälp av en kombination av traditionella experiment, maskininlärningstekniker och kontinuummodellering. Studien jämför effektiviteten hos två maskininlärningsmodeller, ett Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) och ett Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), för att förutsäga fuktprofilhistoriken. Studien finner att RNN-modellen, som tar hänsyn till tidsberoenden, ger en bättre noggrannhet. De predikterade fuktprofilerna används för att simulera curlresponsen, vilket ger en djupare förståelse för sambandet mellan fuktinträngning och curldeformation i papper.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023.
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:53
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering Applied Mechanics Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Research subject
Solid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-337282ISBN: 978-91-8040-724-3 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-337282DiVA, id: diva2:1801235
Public defence
2023-10-20, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/604465486, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 764713–FibreNet
Note

QC 230929

Available from: 2023-09-29 Created: 2023-09-29 Last updated: 2023-10-06Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. The influence of structural variations on the constitutive response and strain variations in thin fibrous materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The influence of structural variations on the constitutive response and strain variations in thin fibrous materials
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2021 (English)In: Acta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6454, E-ISSN 1873-2453, Vol. 203, article id 116460Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The stochastic variations in the structural properties of thin fiber networks govern to a great extent their mechanical performance. To assess the influence of local structural variability on the local strain and mechanical response of the network, we propose a multiscale approach combining modeling, numerical simulation and experimental measurements. Based on micro-mechanical fiber network simulations, a continuum model describing the response at the mesoscale level is first developed. Experimentally measured spatial fields of thickness, density, fiber orientation and anisotropy are thereafter used as input to a macroscale finite-element model. The latter is used to simulate the impact of spatial variability of each of the studied structural properties. In addition, this work brings novelty by including the influence of the drying condition during the production process on the fiber properties. The proposed approach is experimentally validated by comparison to measured strain fields and uniaxial responses. The results suggest that the spatial variability in density presents the highest impact on the local strain field followed by thickness and fiber orientation. Meanwhile, for the mechanical response, the fiber orientation angle with respect to the drying restraints is the key influencer and its contribution to the anisotropy of the mechanical properties is greater than the contribution of the fiber anisotropy developed during the fiber sheet-making.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2021
Keywords
Fibers, Deformation inhomogeneities, Multiscale simulations, Micromechanical modeling, Constrained drying
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289262 (URN)10.1016/j.actamat.2020.11.003 (DOI)000600589700009 ()2-s2.0-85096668771 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210127

Available from: 2021-01-27 Created: 2021-01-27 Last updated: 2023-09-29Bibliographically approved
2. Evaluation of Hoffman and Xia plasticity models against bi-axial tension experiments of planar fiber network materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of Hoffman and Xia plasticity models against bi-axial tension experiments of planar fiber network materials
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Solids and Structures, ISSN 0020-7683, E-ISSN 1879-2146, Vol. 238, article id 111358Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The anisotropic properties and pressure sensitivity are intrinsic features of the constitutive response of fiber network materials. Although advanced models have been developed to simulate the complex response of fibrous materials, the lack of comparative studies may lead to a dubiety regarding the selection of a suitable method. In this study, the pressure-sensitive Hoffman yield criterion and the Xia model are implemented for the plane stress case to simulate the mechanical response under a bi-axial loading state. The performance of both models is experimentally assessed by comparison to bi-axial tests on cruciform-shaped specimens loaded in different directions with respect to the material principal directions. The comparison with the experimentally measured forces shows the ability of the Hoffman model as well as the Xia model with shape parameter k≤2 to adequately predict the material response. However, this study demonstrates that the Xia model consistently presents a stiffer bi-axial response when k≥3 compared to the Hoffman model. This result highlights the importance of calibrating the shape parameter k for the Xia model using a bi-axial test, which can be a cumbersome task. Also, for the same tension-compression response, the Hill criterion as a special case of the Hoffman model presents a good ability to simulate the mechanical response of the material for bi-axial conditions. Furthermore, in terms of stability criteria, the Xia model is unconditionally convex while the convexity of the Hoffman model is a function of the orthotropic plastic matrix. This study not only assesses the prediction capabilities of the two models, but also gives an insight into the selection of an appropriate constitutive model for material characterization and simulation of fibrous materials. The UMAT implementations of both models which are not available in commercial software and the calibration tool of the Xia model are shared with open-source along with this work. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2022
Keywords
Bi-axial loading, Continuum modeling, Fiber network, Hill criterion, Hoffman criterion, Pressure sensitivity, UMAT implementations, Xia model, Axial loads, Continuum mechanics, Open source software, Open systems, Stress analysis, Biaxial loading, Continuum model, Fiber networks, Fibrous material, Hoffman criterions, Network materials, Pressure sensitivities, UMAT implementation, Stability criteria
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Research subject
Solid Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307207 (URN)10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2021.111358 (DOI)000783112300004 ()2-s2.0-85121230891 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20220429

Available from: 2022-01-18 Created: 2022-01-18 Last updated: 2023-09-29Bibliographically approved
3. Anisotropic damage behavior in fiber-based materials: Modeling and experimental validation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Anisotropic damage behavior in fiber-based materials: Modeling and experimental validation
Show others...
2023 (English)In: Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids, ISSN 0022-5096, E-ISSN 1873-4782, Vol. 181, article id 105430Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study presents a thermodynamically consistent continuum damage model for fiber-based materials that combines elastoplasticity and damage mechanisms to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior under in-plane loading. The anisotropic plastic response is characterized by a non-quadratic yield surface composed of six sub-surfaces, providing flexibility in defining plastic properties and accuracy in reproducing material response. The damage response is modeled based on detailed uniaxial monotonic and cyclic tension-loaded experiments conducted on specimens extracted from a paper sheet in various directions. To account for anisotropic damage, we propose a criterion consisting of three sub-surfaces representing tension damage in the in-plane material principal directions and shear direction, where the damage onset is determined through cyclic loading tests. The damage evolution employs a normalized fracture energy concept based on experimental observation, which accommodates an arbitrary uniaxial loading direction. To obtain a mesh-independent numerical solution, the model is regularized using the implicit gradient enhancement by utilizing the linear heat equation solver available in commercial finite-element software. The study provides insights into the damage behavior of fiber-based materials, which can exhibit a range of failure modes from brittle-like to ductile, and establishes relationships between different length measurements.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2023
Keywords
Fiber-based materials, Anisotropic damage, Thermodynamically consistent, Gradient enhancement, Anisotropic plasticity
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering Applied Mechanics Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-337269 (URN)10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105430 (DOI)001149779800001 ()2-s2.0-85171373528 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 764713
Note

QC 20240209

Available from: 2023-09-29 Created: 2023-09-29 Last updated: 2024-02-09Bibliographically approved

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