An experiment was conducted in which a specially instrumented Volvo 242 car was run at 50, 60, and 70 km/h over 20 road surfaces with various textures. Macro- and megatexture as well as the shorter wavelengths of unevenness were measured by a mobile laser profilometer, the signal of which was analyzed to obtain the texture profile spectrum for each surface in the 2- to 3500-mm texture wavelength range. The fuel-consumption data at each speed and averaged for the three speeds were regressed on the texture profile spectrum data. The results show fuel consumption varies over a range of approximately 11% from the smoothest to the roughest road tested if texture wavelengths in the range 0.6 to 3.5 m are considered, and approximately 7% if texture wavelengths in the range 2 to 50 mm (macrotexture) are considered. The correlation between fuel consumption and texture is as high as 0.90 in the range 0.6 to 3.5 m and reduces smoothly at shorter wavelengths, down to about 0.60 at wavelengths equal to common maximum chipping sizes on roads. Additional study results are discussed.