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Soft-Tissue Imaging in a Human Mummy: Propagation-based Phase-Contrast CT
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova.
KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2391-9848
Hosp Varberg, Dept Orthopaed, Varberg, Sweden..
Museum Mediterranean & Near Eastern Antiqu, Stockholm, Sweden..
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2018 (English)In: Radiology, ISSN 0033-8419, E-ISSN 1527-1315, Vol. 289, no 3, p. 670-676Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: To evaluate phase-contrast CT as a noninvasive alternative to histology in the study of ancient soft tissue. Materials and Methods: The imaging was performed between May 8 and June 13, 2017. A mummified human hand from ancient Egypt was imaged in a laboratory phase-contrast CT arrangement with propagation-based imaging. The experimental arrangement for propagation-based imaging included a microfocus x-ray source, a rotation stage for the sample, and an x-ray detector. The mummified hand was imaged in two different modes. First, a CT scan of the whole hand was performed in an overview arrangement. Then, a detailed scan of the tip of the middle finger was performed. With imaging distances tailored fora large magnification and to maximize die phase-contrast signal, the estimated resolution in the final images was 6-9 mu m. Results: The overview CT allowed identification tendons of the hand, as well as identification of arteries and nerves in the dehydrated soft tissue. In the detailed phase-contrast setting, virtual histology of the soft tissues of the fingertip could be performed. Blood vessels in the nail bed and the microanatomy of the bone marrow and hypodermis were imaged, and the layers of the skin could be distinguished. Round structures in the adipose tissue were identified as the reamins of adipocytes. Conclusion: Laboratory phase-contrast CT enables imaging of the anatomy and microanatomy of mummified soft tissue with sub-10-mu m resolution and may serve as a complement or alternative to the classic invasive histrologic methods used in soft-tissue paleopathology. (C) RSNA.2018

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA , 2018. Vol. 289, no 3, p. 670-676
National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239987DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018180945ISI: 000450569200015PubMedID: 30251933Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85056714548OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-239987DiVA, id: diva2:1269656
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilWallenberg Foundations
Note

QC 20181211

Available from: 2018-12-11 Created: 2018-12-11 Last updated: 2022-12-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Virtual histology by laboratory x-ray phase-contrast tomography
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Virtual histology by laboratory x-ray phase-contrast tomography
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Detailed imaging of biological samples is central to different fields of research, as well as for clinical pathology. Classical histology, using light- orelectron microscopy, can generate high-resolution images but is destructive and only gives two-dimensional information. With virtual histology, athree-dimensional reconstruction of the sample is instead generated, whichcan be virtually sectioned in arbitrary directions. This Thesis presents developments of x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) as a tool forvirtual histological analysis. In particular, the focus is imaging with laboratory systems as opposed to at large-scale synchrotron facilities, and usingphase-contrast imaging as an alternative to chemical contrast agents.A broad range of imaging applications are demonstrated, from archaeology to clinical pathology, where acquisition and data processing have beenoptimised for each sample. A micro-CT system based on a liquid-metaljet x-ray source was used for imaging centimetre-sized samples. Threedimensional imaging of mummified remains was demonstrated, with sufficient contrast and resolution within the soft tissue to capture microanatomical details; blood vessels, skin layers, fingerprints and remains of adiposecells were visualised in the hand of an ancient Egyptian mummy. Virtualhistology was also performed on paraffin-embedded excised tumours foranalysis of the resection margin, and on rat bones for mapping the vascularcanals.For imaging with micrometre resolution, a nano-CT system was builtand characterised. Photoreceptor imaging in unstained compound eyes ofbumblebees was demonstrated, and light- and electron microscopy wereused to verify the results. Comparisons with conventional attenuationmicro-CT and synchrotron radiation tomography, with both unstained andstained samples, showed the advantage of using phase contrast instead ofstaining the samples

Abstract [sv]

Detaljerad avbildning av biologiska prover är viktigt för olika forskningsområden såväl som för klinisk patologi. Klassisk histologi, genom ljus- ellerelektronmikroskopi, ger högupplösta bilder men är destruktiv och kan endast ge tvådimensionell information. Med virtuell histologi genereras istället en tredimensionell rekonstruktion av provet, vilken kan analyseras genom snittning i godtyckliga riktningar. Den här Avhandlingen presenterarvidareutvecklingar av faskontrast-baserad röntgentomografi (CT), som ettverktyg för virtuell histologi. I synnerhet ligger fokus på avbildning medlabbaserade system, i motsats till storskaliga synkrotronljusanläggningar,och på faskontrastavbildning som ett alternativ till kemiska kontrastmedel.En bredd av olika tillämpningar presenteras, från arkeologi till kliniskpatologi, med datainsamling och databehandling anpassade för varje prov.Ett mikro-CT-system baserat på en metallstråle-röntgenkälla användes föravbildning av centimeterstora prover. Tredimensionell avbildning av mumifierade kvarlevor demonstrerades, med tillräcklig kontrast och upplösning i mjukvävnader för att fånga mikroanatomiska detaljer; blodkärl, hudlager, fingeravtryck och rester av fettceller kunde visualiseras i en egyptiskmumiehand. Virtuell histologi tillämpades också på paraffininbäddade tumörer för analys av resektionsmarginal, och på råttben för avbildning avvaskulära kanaler.För avbildning med mikrometerupplösning byggdes ett nano-CTsystem. Efter karaktärisering av systemet demonstrerades avbildning avfotoreceptorer i ofärgade facettögon från humlor. Ljus- och elektronmikroskopi användes för att verifiera resultaten. Jämförelser med konventionellattenuationsbaserad mikro-CT samt synkrotronljustomografi, både medofärgade och färgade prover, visade på fördelarna med användning avfaskontrast istället för att färga proverna.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 69
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:07
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Research subject
Physics, Biological and Biomedical Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290960 (URN)978-91-7873-806-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-03-26, Via zoom https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66938252095, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-03-01 Created: 2021-02-26 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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