This study presents the development of a sustainable hybrid composite incorporating ocean-recovered polypropylene (PP) and warp-knitted polylactic acid (PLA)/flax prepregs to simultaneously address marine plastic waste valorization and the performance limitations of natural fibre composites. Ocean-waste PP ropes collected from marine environments were cleaned, reprocessed, and extruded into filaments containing 3 wt% maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer. The resulting material was transformed into thin sheets through 3D printing and subsequently combined with warp-knitted PLA/flax prepregs using compression moulding to produce a hybrid composite (OWPF). The mechanical, moisture absorption, and thermal properties of OWPF were evaluated and compared with those of a PLA/flax composite (PF) and an ocean-waste PP laminate (OW).Mechanical testing revealed that OWPF exhibited the highest average tensile strength (31.5 MPa), flexural strength (65.4 MPa), and impact strength (6.83 kJ/m2). Although the increase in tensile strength relative to PF was not statistically significant, OWPF demonstrated superior flexural and impact performance. Moisture absorption testing conducted at 32 °C and 50% relative humidity for 30 days showed that OWPF reached an equilibrium moisture uptake of 3.36%, compared with 6.31% for PF, indicating a substantial improvement in moisture resistance due to the incorporation of hydrophobic PP layers. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the highest onset degradation temperature for OWPF (303.25 °C), while differential scanning calorimetry showed thermal transitions characteristic of the hybrid PP/PLA system.

Herein, we report a biofriendly, air-operating electrochemical platform based on a unipolar coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarnartificial muscle that can operate either as an ionic actuator or as an ionotronic strain sensor. The device comprises two coiled CNTyarn electrodes coated with complementary ion-selective eutectogels, consisting of fixed-charge polymer networks swollen witha diluted deep eutectic solvent (DES), enabling selective ion transport. Under an applied potential difference, the complementaryelectrochemical responses of both electrodes produce synchronized unipolar contraction, whereas in sensing mode the devicegenerates a strain-dependent open-circuit voltage (OCV) variation. In actuation mode, the device achieves a maximal reversiblecontractile stroke of 2.9% under a 90 mN pre-load. In sensing mode, it operates as a self-powered strain sensor with a sensitivityof 0.5 mV.%−1 . Poisson–Nernst–Planck modelling is consistent with the proposed mechanism of strain-induced ion redistributionwithin the quasi-solid-state matrix. Two yarn artificial muscles were woven into a custom-made, bi-stretch auxetic structure witha folded zigzag geometry, enabling parallel actuation and strain monitoring, delivering peak-to-peak OCV signals of 4 mV at 10%extension. Finally, we demonstrate a wireless wearable armband for real-time motion monitoring, highlighting the potential ofthis platform for smart fabrics, wearable electronics, and adaptive soft robotics.

Highlights:

NBA-Europe represents a natural experiment in hybrid sport governance, embeddingfranchise-based commercial logics within Europe’s meritocratic, pyramid-structuredbasketball ecosystem. This convergence reconfigures performance ecology, coachingauthority, redistribution mechanisms, and stakeholder legitimacy across interconnectedinstitutional levels.

The central analytical tension concerns integration without decoupling: whethercommercial consolidation, analytics intensification, and transnational expansion cancoexist with competitive permeability, developmental pluralism, supporterembeddedness, and ecological accountability.

The long-term viability of the NBA–FIBA joint venture will depend not on financialgrowth alone, but on sustaining systemic equity and reciprocal embeddedness acrossgovernance, performance, and cultural domains.

Up to 10% of patients with Lyme borreliosis (LB) will experience symptoms that fulfill the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) criteria of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). This study assesses PTLDS in the Burden of Lyme Disease (BOLD) study through clinical assessment ("PTLDS Assessed by Clinicians") and by post hoc evaluation of patient-reported outcomes, including the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Cognitive Failures Questionnaire ("PTLDS Assessed by Questionnaire"). Among 242 LB cases who completed antibiotic treatment and had objective manifestations stabilized or resolved, 99 (40.9%) reported >= 1 symptom of fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, or cognitive impairment 10 months after diagnosis. Fifteen (6.2%) cases met the PTLDS criteria assessed by either clinicians or predefined questionnaire severity thresholds; four (1.7%) met both. PTLDS cases assessed by questionnaires and LB cases with persistent symptoms both reported greater symptom severity and poorer physical functioning than PTLDS cases assessed by clinicians. These exploratory findings suggest that clinician- and questionnaire-based assessments may identify partially different subsets of patients with PTLDS and either method could underestimate the proportion of patients with PTLDS.

Advances in artificial intelligence and autonomy are reshaping how humans and technology work together. Increasingly, technology is understood not only as a tool, but as a teammate, reflecting an emerging hybrid teaming paradigm. This transition is exemplified in military aviation through Manned–Unmanned Teaming, where fighter pilots may operate alongside unmanned aircraft in joint activities. Designing for such hybrid team activities, however, is a wicked problem. It demands the integration of the human, the technology, and their relation around the phenomenon of team intentionality: what is going on, and what are we going to do about it. Manned–Unmanned Teaming sharpens this difficulty under conditions of time pressure, task difficulty, and risk exposure. However, the conceptual basis for designing for team intentionality remains fragmented across disciplines. This makes it difficult for researchers and practitioners to determine which intentional aspects of hybrid teaming to design for, and how. To this end, this thesis develops a practical framework of team intentionality. Drawing on team science and intentionality research, the framework is grounded in a synthesis of established theory and empirical insight. Four included papers address how intent can be understood, modelled, and designed for in hybrid teaming. They substantiate the framework theoretically, methodologically, and empirically, situating this in the Manned–Unmanned Teaming context under complex and dynamic conditions. The framework establishes concepts and relations around intentional states and processes at different levels of agency. It serves as an analytical and evaluative lens that connects the hybrid teaming paradigm to the design process. Applied across that process, it foregrounds the understanding and sharing of intent as essential to such design, identifying the aspects that members must align. Theoretically, it introduces team intentionality as a distinct construct within the hybrid teaming paradigm. In practice, it helps determine which intentional aspects to design for and how, providing a shared vocabulary across stakeholders and stages of the design process.

 This paper presents an integrated active vibration control (AVC) and structural health monitoring (SHM) framework for flexible spacecraft panels using offset piezoelectric stack actuators (OPSA). A three-dimensional ANSYS finite-element model of a hub–panel assembly with eccentric OPSA mounting is reduced to a low-order state-space model retaining the first two bending modes. Based on this model, a mixed-sensitivity H_∞ controller is designed for robust vibration suppression and compared with an LQR baseline. For SHM, root delamination is represented as an equivalent stiffness loss at the clamp over a 0–40% damage range, and damage-sensitive features are extracted from the closed-loop impulse response, including modal frequency drops, RMS control voltage, residual tip vibration, and settling time. A physics-informed Gaussian process regressor trained on 200 virtual experiments accurately estimates the damage parameter, achieving R^2≈1.000and an RMSE of about 0.25% damage. Over the investigated range, RMS control voltage increases from 48.2 V to 144.6 V, while residual tip amplitude rises from 0.315 mm to 0.633 mm, confirming strong monotonic sensitivity to structural degradation. The results demonstrate that the OPSA–H_∞ loop can provide both robust vibration suppression and a dual-use sensing channel for quantitative damage estimation without additional dedicated SHM hardware.

Introduction Professional support is known to promote parents' transition to parenthood, however, there is a need for continued development in parental support to meet parents' needs and support them in their couple relationship. In Scandinavia a digital parental support tool, Interplay, has been developed for parents to use in their relationship during the transition to parenthood. However, research is needed on how a digital support tool such as Interplay can be included in care and professional support for parents. Therefore, the current study aims to explore how professionals perceive Interplay as a digital support tool for parents' couple relationship and parenting.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 professionals who had used Interplay. The professionals were working with parental support in Swedish antenatal care, child health care and family counselling. Data were analyzed using phenomenographic analysis method.Results The results are presented in two descriptive categories: A complementary interactive parental support tool and May facilitate parental transition and be valuable to include in care.Conclusion Interplay has the potential to be a valuable complement to existing parental support, as it could function as a modern tool that can be used by both parents together in their everyday lives to communicate on topics related to their relationship and parenting. It would be valuable to include Interplay in care as it could be combined with professional expertise, which may lead to enhanced parental support.

The 15-minute city (15MC) promotes compact and accessible urban environments where residents can meet their daily needs through active mobility. Research on the 15MC has predominantly used objective assessments, with less attention to residents’ perceptions of the urban environment. Drawing on a questionnaire survey in Bologna and Porto (N = 1438), this study examines how pedestrians prioritize and evaluate walkability determinants and attributes, explores their relationship with walking behavior, and interprets selected attributes through the conceptual framework of the 15MC. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Spearman’s rank correlations. The results reveal broadly similar perceptions across both cities, with pedestrian infrastructure and proximity to community facilities receiving the highest evaluations. Through the 15MC lens, these priorities are mainly associated with proximity and connectivity. Respondents from Bologna reported more frequent walking, whereas those from Porto assigned greater importance to urban ambiance and access to other transport modes. Perceived walkability was only weakly associated with walking behavior. The findings provide comparative evidence on perceptions of walkability attributes associated with selected 15MC principles in two European cities, revealing broadly similar priorities alongside differences in the importance assigned to specific attributes.

Background and objectives

Loneliness among older adults is an increasing public health concern. Although previous research has linked loneliness to poorer dietary habits, most studies have relied on quantitative approaches that overlook the subjective, social, and cultural dimensions of food practices. This study explores the relationship between loneliness and dietary practices among older adults living alone through a qualitative ethnographic perspective.

Methods

A multi-sited ethnographic study was conducted in rural and semi-urban areas of Spain. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were carried out with adults aged 65 and over, complemented by participant observation and a field diary. Data were analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive-deductive coding approach.

Results

Three thematic categories emerged: (1) the impact of loneliness on dietary practices and health; (2) the erosion of social relationships and the search for commensality; and (3) the emergence of new spaces for agency, empowerment, and culinary experimentation, particularly among widowed women. Structural factors—including gender, economic resources, and lifelong socialisation—shaped participants’ dietary practices in ways that both constrained and, in some cases, fostered greater autonomy.

Conclusions

Loneliness reshapes dietary practices in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways that go beyond simple narratives of decline. Gender and social class are cross-cutting determinants that must be considered. Ethnographic approaches offer an essential methodological complement for understanding the symbolic, biographical, and relational dimensions of food in the context of loneliness.

Background: This study evaluated the accuracy of classification of forearm shaft fractures (FSFs) in adult patients registered in the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR). A secondary aim was to examine intra- and inter-rater reliability for the modified 2007 AO/OTA classification within the SFR.

Material and methods: FSFs were classified into three types (A-C) based on fracture pattern and further grouped (1−3) according to involvement of the ulna, radius, or both. Of 130 randomly selected radiograph sets, 122 were available and suitable for validation. Three orthopaedic consultant trauma surgeons, blinded to patient and SFR data, independently classified the radiographs on two occasions, 6 weeks apart. A consensus gold-standard classification was established and used to assess the accuracy of SFR-recorded classifications. Intra- and inter-rater reliability among the experts was evaluated using kappa coefficients.

Results: The accuracy of SFR classifications compared with the gold standard was moderate (kappa = 0.56 for type and group). Classification accuracy was lowest for B1–3 fractures (kappa 0.24) and highest for A1–3 fractures (kappa 0.73). Expert raters consistently classified oblique fractures with an undisplaced wedge as B types, whereas SFR users often recorded them as A types. Intra-rater reliability among experts showed substantial to almost perfect agreement (kappa 0.70–0.82), and inter-rater reliability was similarly substantial to almost perfect agreement (kappa 0.78–0.92).

Conclusion: Registration of FSFs in the SFR demonstrated moderate accuracy compared with the gold standard. Intra- and inter-rater reliability among experts was substantial to almost perfect, indicating that the classification system is comprehensible. However, lower accuracy for B-type fractures highlights the need to update the SFR classification guidelines for interpreting undisplaced wedge fractures.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased attention to moral injury (MI) among healthcare professionals (HCPs). MI refers to the psychological distress that may arise following exposure to events that violate individuals’ deeply held moral beliefs. The Moral Injury Symptoms Scale–Health Professional (MISS-HP) is an instrument designed to assess MI symptoms among HCPs. Although the MISS-HP has been evaluated in several countries, divergent psychometric solutions have been reported, and the instrument has not yet been evaluated in Sweden.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the MISS-HP among hospital-based HCPs.

Methods: HCPs were recruited using an online survey distributed across Swedish hospitals. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the factorial structure of the MISS-HP. Internal consistency was assessed using McDonald’s Omega and construct validity through measures of psychological distress. Recevier operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate a candidate cut-off score.

Results: The sample included 585 HCPs (mean age = 45.95 years, 72.2% women, 51.4% nurses). EFA supported a two-factor solution (Guilt/Shame, Trust/Meaning) comprising six of the original MISS-HP ten items and showed good fit [χ2(4) = 9.07, p = 0.059; RMSEA = 0.046; TLI = 0.975; RMSR = 0.018], accounting for 43.6% of the total variance. McDonald’s Omega indicated good internal consistency (ω = 0.80). Measures of psychological distress were moderately associated with MISS-HP scores and ROC analysis identified a candidate cut-off score of ≥ 20.

Conclusion: The resulting six-item Swedish MISS-HP demonstrated satisfactory psychometric performance for measuring MI symptoms in the sample.

This study focuses on analysis of the comparability and timeliness of the disability statistics available in the Eurostat database in a Nordic context. The analysis identifies indicators that were available for all or most Nordic countries and for which statistics are released in a timely manner. The indicators span eight themes: disability prevalence, access to education and training, access to the labour market, income and living conditions, health status and determinants, access to information, leisure and social participation, and discrimination. 

Supply chain resilience (SCRes) is a critical capability to anticipate, respond and recover from supply chain disruptions. Having a resilient supply chain positively impacts the competitiveness of the company. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are an integral part of supply chains and their inability to respond effectively to disruptions also increases risk for other actors in the supply chain. SMEs differ from large companies with respect to resources, capacities, priorities, and limitations. Most SCRes literature focuses mainly on large companies, and these insights may not be fully applicable to SME context due to the abovementioned differences. However, there is growing body of research in SCRes in SME context. Although these studies provide valuable insights, their findings offer fragmented explanations of disruption effects and SCRes development. Hence, the mechanism through which SMEs develop resilience remains unclear, which results in a gap in understanding how SMEs respond to supply chain disruptions and build resilience. This thesis seeks to clarify how SMEs manage supply chain disruptions through their current practices. This is achieved by answering two research questions: first, pertaining to how SMEs are affected by disruptions and second, how they respond to these disruptions. Using literature reviews, observations, and semi-structured interviews, this thesis synthesizes the findings from three studies. The findings demonstrate that SMEs tend to be more vulnerable to disruptions than large companies due to the company size, lack of tangible resources and product characteristics. However other SME characteristics such as flexibility in planning, ability to leverage social capital and managerial practices enhance SCRes. By synthesizing the findings from literature and empirical studies, this thesis proposes a SCRes framework which illustrates the relationship between SME characteristics, disruption effects and SCRes mechanisms. This framework advances SCRes literature by explaining the mechanism through which SMEs develop SCRes. The findings from the thesis offer practical guidelines for managers seeking to enhance SCRes and develop capabilities to anticipate, respond and recover from supply chain disruptions. The findings illustrate the complementarity of SCRes capabilities which enables managers and entrepreneurs in SMEs to prioritize developing necessary capabilities without making substantial investments.

Objectives

Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income (LMIC) South Asian country, relies on survey data for measuring adult mortality. Mobile phone surveys are an appealing alternative to in-person surveys because they are cheaper and can be deployed when enumerator mobility is hindered. In this contribution, we examined the quality of ‘Parental Survival History’ data collected over the phone by comparing it with data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System.

Methods

We conducted a mobile phone survey from July to December 2021 among residents of the Matlab HDSS. Mobile phone survey data about the respondent's father and mother were individually matched to the HDSS database. Data were compared to the HDSS reference in terms of the vital status of the respondent's parents, their age, the time since death and adult mortality rates.

Results

A total of 2231 respondents reported information on their parents. Among these, 90.7% of fathers' names and 95.2% of mothers' names were matched between the mobile phone survey and the HDSS, and the matched dataset was used for subsequent analyses. Concordance in the vital status reports of the parent was very high (both sensitivity and specificity were above 99%). Further, we found that 50% of the parents' ages (current age for those who are alive and age at death for parents who died) were within 5 years below and 3 years above those recorded in the HDSS. Around 4% of parental deaths were erroneously located within or outside an 8-year reference period. The parents' mortality rate was 52.0 (95% CI: 49.3, 54.8) per 1000 person-years in the mobile phone survey and 52.3 (95% CI: 49.6, 55.0) in the HDSS.

Conclusions

In this population, parental survival history data were reported with high accuracy in a mobile phone survey, highlighting their potential for measuring adult mortality in resource-constrained settings.

Background

In Bangladesh, infertility is an under-recognized reproductive health challenge, often overlooked amid ongoing efforts to reduce fertility rates. Despite the increasing prevalence of primary infertility from 1.8% in 2000 to 2.4% in 2018, it remains largely absent from national health programs, and access to care is hindered by stigma, financial constraints, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. This study examines the care-seeking experiences for infertility, the availability of services, and the systemic challenges in providing infertility care in Bangladesh.

Methods

We employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combining a population-based cross-sectional survey with qualitative interviews. The survey was conducted at two Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites, Matlab and Baliakandi, from which 2,948 married women aged 20-49 were sampled for interview using an age-stratified random sampling method. Among them, 238 were identified as primary infertile women (PIW). The study’s qualitative component included in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 10 PIWs and their husbands, plus key informant interviews with 8 infertility specialists and healthcare providers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

Results

Ninety-two percent (n=238) of the PIW sought care for infertility. While 73% relied solely on private health facilities, only 6% utilized public facilities. In 88% of cases, both husband and wife participated in decision-making for infertility care. Nearly 90% underwent diagnostic tests, but IDIs revealed treatment dropout due to financial constraints and lack of family support. The key informants reported that the majority of infertility cases could be addressed with first-line care; however, a shortage of trained providers, limited diagnostic facilities, and the absence of a national infertility policy, rendering specialized care largely inaccessible outside Dhaka.

Conclusions

Infertility care-seeking is common. The low availability of services and the high cost of advanced care appeared to be the primary barriers to effective access to care. Expanding basic infertility diagnostics and treatment to primary and secondary public health facilities, improving provider training, and developing a national infertility action plan are critical to addressing these gaps.

Recently, a growing scholarship has examined the role of the project in policy implementation, particularly focusing on how it works as a politically charged instrument of governing. This article focuses on the projectification of urban sustainability transition as a policy field. Drawing on a case study of the implementation of transition initiatives in Northern Sweden, I analyze how these initiatives are transformed into transition projects. Mobilizing the concept of translation and drawing on project documentation and interviews with civil servants, I analyze the practices used to make transition initiatives fit the project format. The analysis shows that the transformation of transition initiatives into projects involves evidence-based problem construction, planning based on models and a specific conceptual vocabulary, consensus creation in project partnerships, universalization of common geographical challenges, and the establishment of coherent stories of contribution and learning. The article concludes that translation practices are power-laden and serve to stabilize policy.

Existing methods for detecting algorithmic pricing rely on high-frequency data with sub-daily timestamps, yet academic researchers and competition authorities typically have access only to daily price snapshots. This paper develops a heuristic that identifies likely algorithmic pricers in such low-resolution data by combining two standardised metrics: the Average Rate of Price Changes (ARPC), capturing the frequency of price adjustments, and a Market Presence Ratio (MPR), capturing sustained retailer engagement. Requiring both metrics to exceed a threshold reduces false positives from promotional sellers and transient market participants. We apply the heuristic to a dataset of 10,365 unique retailer-category observations from the PriceSpy price comparison platform, covering seven national markets and 16 product categories over an 18-month period (July 2021–December 2022). Our results show that algorithmic pricing is prevalent across markets, with algorithmic pricers present in all 16 categories in the United Kingdom and in all seven countries for six categories. Prevalence is notably higher in consumer electronics than in household appliances. As a lower-bound estimate, approximately 4.5% of retailers are classified as algorithmic pricers at our baseline threshold. The heuristic provides a practical screening tool for competition authorities investigating algorithmic pricing adoption using commercially available data.

The built environment is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and waste generation. Concrete, as the most widely used construction material, has a substantial environmental impact. Reusing structural concrete elements offers a pathway toward circularity by reducing demand for new materials and avoiding upfront CO₂ emissions. However, widespread implementation remains limited by technical challenges, such as remaining service life and the lack of standardized information flows throughout reuse processes. This dissertation investigates the reuse potential of structural precast concrete elements recovered from existing buildings that were not originally designed for disassembly. The research establishes and validates integrated digital workflows that combine engineering assessment, environmental evaluation, and digital information management to support systematic decision-making for concrete reuse in new buildings.

The work first examines the capabilities and limitations of existing digital tools for circular construction before developing BIM-based information management guidelines based on the Level of Information Need (LOIN) framework. To link reclaimed physical elements with their corresponding BIM representations, component tracking workflows are developed, supporting their identification and traceability. The research further demonstrates how openBIM standards, including the Information Delivery Specification(IDS), can enable automated validation of reuse-specific information requirements and improve interoperability within circular construction workflows. The thesis also develops an integrated computational workflow for assessing the technical and environmental viability of reuse by combining service life prediction, carbonation modelling, and embodied carbon assessment across multiple life cycles. The findings show that direct reuse provides substantially greater climate benefits than carbonation alone. A probabilistic performance-based framework is further introduced to assess the service life of reclaimed concrete elements for reuse. It focuses on carbonation-induced corrosion, as a key durability concern in concrete buildings, modelling both corrosion initiation and propagation phases. Through parametric analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, results show that reclaimed precast concrete elements can achieve a second 50-year service life, under appropriate exposure conditions and repair strategies. This research provides methods to support the safe, scalable, and climate-efficient implementation of structural concrete reuse within a circular built environment.

This chapter distinguishes solidarity as a legal concept (LS) from solidarity as a social practice (SP). It matters for our understanding of the law to reflect on how, when and why law is able to interact with solidaristic practices. Section 1.1 explores the distinction. Section 1.2 stresses the ubiquity of solidarity in the law, from the traditional private law understanding of obligatio in solidum, to solidarity as a cohesive social force, to solidarity as a source of state duties. Section 1.3 shows that, despite its omnipresence, solidarity is an underinvestigated legal concept. Section 1.4 offers a typology of interactions between SP and the law, to show the many ways in which legal scholars may relate to SP. I list several types of interaction, and object to one. I argue that law cannot command us to act solidaristically since solidarity presupposes an intimate form of identification with others. But law may disrupt solidarities, sometimes in morally justified ways; it may compensate for the failing solidarity, recognizing and integrating it; and it may foster solidarity by its status-generative function, albeit merely in an indirect and not often controllable way.

This article introduces producer-led inquiry as a methodological framework for research involving self-produced media. Defined by two intertwined dualities, in which the researcher is also the producer and the production functions simultaneously as a creative work and empirical material, the framework addresses a question of research design: how can research be organised, documented, and analysed when researchers study their own media production? Building on artistic research, practice as research, practice-based research, and related traditions, we distinguish between three ideal-typical designs defined by when research questions are formulated in relation to production: prospective, when questions precede production; retrospective, when they are formulated in relation to an existing production; and interspective, when they emerge or are substantially reformulated during production. Examples from audiovisual design, autoethnography, sound studies, and music production illustrate the methodological conditions associated with each design. Particular attention is given to autonomy, reflexivity, proximity and distance, delimitation, and documentation practices such as logbooks. The three designs are presented as a flexible methodological toolkit for students, supervisors, and researchers working with self-produced media as empirical material for scholarly analysis. 

AI and data-driven technologies are increasingly shaping work and skill demands, with growing evidence that AI can support workplace learning and professional development. However, research on how AI and data are integrated into workplace learning remains dispersed across disciplines, technologies and organisational contexts. This scoping review aims to review empirical studies about the integration of AI and data in workplace learning to map current concepts and practices while identifying opportunities and gaps that can guide future research and adoption. Journal articles or full conference papers indexed in the EBSCOHost, ERIC, Proquest One Business, Proquest One Academic, Scopus and Web of Science and Google Scholar were included if they discussed technology-enhanced learning in the corporate/business, mixed-sector or sector-unspecified workplace contexts. Fifty-nine studies published in English between 2018 and 2025 were included for data extraction and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings show that workplace learning is increasingly organised within digital learning ecosystems, in which AI-enabled functions are embedded across learning management systems, communication tools, distribution platforms and immersive and simulation-based technologies. Within these ecosystems, AI-enabled functions support profiling and skill gap analysis, personalised training, automated and real-time feedback and intelligent recommendation. Collectively, these tools demonstrate potential to enhance learner engagement and retention, support continuous and work-embedded learning, and enable more responsive upskilling and reskilling in workplaces. The review further reveals that at the same time, organisations are increasingly collecting meaningful data such as demographics, job profiles, performance evaluations, skills assessments, training histories and digital traces to identify skill gaps, personalise learning and support feedback. On the other hand, the review found some challenges, including fragmented ecosystems, limited interoperability and unresolved ethical concerns regarding data use, privacy and learner autonomy. Theoretically, this review proposes a revised conceptualisation of workplace learning by showing that it increasingly occurs within human-AI-data ecosystems. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of AI-enabled skills intelligence for strategic workforce development, as well as the critical need for transparent and learner-centred governance of workplace learning data. The review concludes by identifying key ethical, methodological and theoretical research gaps and suggests implications for future research.Context and implications Rationale for this study: AI and data-driven technologies are increasingly shaping the landscape of professional learning and development, yet research on their integration into workplace learning remains fragmented. This scoping review maps empirical research on AI and data use in workplace learning to identify current concepts, practices, gaps and directions for future research and adoption in evolving hybrid work contexts. Why the new findings matter: The findings show that AI-enabled features are embedded across workplace learning ecosystems, supporting learning beyond formal training and into daily work practices while highlighting persistent fragmentation across systems. They also reveal an emerging shift towards human-AI collaboration and flag key concerns for future research related to data governance and responsible AI use. Implications for researchers and practitioners: For researchers, this review reveals substantial ethical research gaps and calls for further research on ethics governance guidelines or policy to address ethical risks such as data privacy, surveillance, misinformation and overreliance on generative AI. The review also proposes a revised framework of workplace learning shaped by both technical-organisational and socio-cultural learning environments, by conceptualising learning as situated within human-AI-data ecosystems, and calls for further empirical evidence of this model. For human resource development (HRD) and practitioners, the review highlights the importance of skills intelligence, interoperable systems and ethical governance to support targeted upskilling while maintaining trust, transparency and learner-centred design in AI-enabled workplace learning ecosystems.

This long-term (10-year) exploratory case study investigates the implementation of a weakly structured IT system (WSS) in the Swedish agency responsible for safety education. Guided by the analytic lens of the Trifecta model of organizational regulation, we sought to examine the mutually shaping effects of novel IT, the practices, and the organizational rules, while maintaining a focus on the role of ‘ordinary employees’ – the trainers in charge of the education process. The case reveals which elements or actions or the lack of thereof aided or curbed the implementation process. The findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on the nature and meaning of the digital transformation (DT) process, illuminate distinctive features of WSS, and allow the formulation of conjectures on its implementation.

Background: Residential wood combustion (RWC) is a major local source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Nordic regions. We quantified the health impacts and economic costs of long-term exposure to PM2.5 from RWC in Västerbotten County, northern Sweden.

Methods: High-resolution annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 from small-scale residential heating in 2023 were obtained from a national dispersion-modelling system. Population-weighted exposure was calculated by combining grid-level concentrations with home address coordinates for the resident population. Health impact assessment (HIA) followed the framework used in Nordic studies and the VALESOR project, applying a near-source PM2.5–mortality exposure–response function with a relative risk of 1.26 per 10 µg/m3 for natural-cause mortality and VALESOR default functions for morbidity (ischaemic heart disease, stroke, COPD, lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, childhood asthma, cardiovascular hospital admissions). Attributable cases and years of life lost (YLL) were estimated, and the economic valuation used VALESOR unit costs for Sweden to derive central, low and high damage-cost estimates.

Results: The population (n = 280,742)-weighted mean RWC-PM2.5 exposure was 0.16 µg/m3 (interquartile range 0.10–0.21). This was associated with an estimated 30 years of life lost (YLL) per year from natural-cause mortality, plus incident morbidity of approximately 0.3 lung cancer cases, four childhood asthma cases, three COPD cases, three IHD events, one stroke, two dementia cases, one diabetes case and 0.8 cardiovascular hospital admissions annually. The total annual health-related cost attributable to RWC-PM2.5 was about €7.0 million (95% uncertainty range €4.6–9.4 million), dominated by mortality and disutility costs.

Conclusions: PM2.5 concentrations from residential wood burning are associated with health impacts costing multi-million Euros in a Nordic region, supporting policies to reduce emissions from residential wood heating and to promote cleaner heating alternatives.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain is a prevalent chronic pain condition with a multifactorial aetiology best understood and managed within a biopsychosocial framework. Commonly used treatments include patient education, occlusal appliances, physiotherapy, and behavioural approaches, with consensus recommendations supporting self-management as first-line treatment for TMD. Self-management offers a patient-centred, multimodal strategy that relies on active patient engagement, creating sustainable pathways toward improved wellbeing and constituting a central part of modern chronic pain care. Despite the availability of treatments for TMD, access remains limited and varies geographically, which undermines equal care. One strategy to improve accessibility is to provide evidence-based digital interventions.

Three studies were conducted. Study I was an umbrella review of 11 systematic reviews comprising 49 clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of self-management therapies for TMD. Study II was a multicentre feasibility randomized controlled trial involving adolescents with TMD pain, evaluating theadherence, effectiveness and patient perspectives of an internet-based behavioral therapy (IBT) programme compared with occlusal appliance therapy (OAT). Study III was a qualitative study involving seven adolescents from Study II, exploring their expectations and experiences of IBT.

Study I indicates that self-management - including patient education and behavioural therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and jaw exercises - can improve pain and jaw function outcomes in individuals with TMD. However, the evidence base is heterogeneous and largely focused on adult populations. Study II showed both that the digitally supported self-management programme for adolescents with TMD had a low adherence and that the OAT was superior in terms of improvements in characteristic pain intensity and pain-related disability. In addition, the study found significant differences between the intervention groups regarding treatment expectations, credibility and satisfaction that favoured the OAT. Neither intervention resulted in significant changes in psychosocial outcomes following treatment. Study III illustrated that the experiences of IBT were ambivalent and that the intervention was perceived as personally challenging. Participants expected improvement in pain and general well-being, and expressed a need for structure, predictability, and confirmation throughout treatment.

Overall, this thesis supports self-management as an effective treatment strategy for adults with TMD, while highlighting the need for clinical trials on younger populations and broader outcomes measures that capture functioning and potential harms. The findings further indicate that the IBT programme requires refinement to improve treatment adherence. In this context, the OAT remains the more effective therapy for adolescents with TMD pain. Collectively, the results suggest that the feasibility and effectiveness of digitally supported self-management therapies depend not only on therapeutic content but also on adherence-related factors, including treatment credibility, expectations, comprehensiveness, developmental adaption, and alignment with adolescents’ needs and preferences.

G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are increasingly recognized for their roles in transcriptional regulation and genome stability, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Selective recognition of individual G4s remains challenging due to the high structural similarity among G4 motifs. G4 Ligand-Oligonucleotides conjugates (GL-Os) address this challenge by combining small-molecule G4 ligands with the sequence specificity of oligonucleotides, targeting sequences flanking the intended G4 target. Here, we systematically investigate how oligonucleotide length, backbone composition, and sequence complementarity govern GL-O binding, selectivity, and G4 stabilization. We show that effective G4 recognition depends on the interdependence between oligonucleotide hybridization and G4 ligand binding, such that both elements cooperatively reinforce complex stability and site specificity. Longer oligonucleotides promote more stable complexes and stronger G4 stabilization, whereas central mismatches disrupt this dual-recognition mechanism. Replacement of DNA with peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) enhances binding strength, thermal stability, and metabolic stability. Importantly, ligand conjugation redirects PNA oligonucleotides from nonspecific polymerase stalling toward selective G4 stabilization. Finally, we demonstrate receptor-mediated cellular uptake of modified GL-Os, supporting the feasibility of cellular delivery while highlighting remaining delivery barriers. Together, these findings show the molecular design principles governing GL-O behavior and provide a foundation for the future development and evaluation of selective G4-targeting therapeutics.

This chapter addresses political influencers and influencer politics. We present different ways to define and understand these concepts, as well as how they have developed over time. We argue that ‘politics’ includes formal and lifestyle dimensions, and that research needs to consider both to truly understand influencers as political actors and the inherent politics embedded in influencer culture. Through an overview of current literature, we introduce insights on what kind of political content influencers produce, why they engage in politics, how they do it, and what impact it might have. The chapter highlights how influencers are engaged in diverse political issues and ideological spheres, including environmental politics, LGBTQ issues, feminism, right-wing metapolitics, and left-leaning digital activism. They are also increasingly involved in, or invited into, formal politics and party campaigning. Thus, the chapter also highlights how influencer tactics and formats are integrated into the digital repertoires of political parties and organizations. This raises questions about digital literacy, monetization, transparency, and impact. Finally, we present possible future research areas around these issues in the light of political engagement, radicalization, and AI.

Understanding the regulatory program underlying wood formation is key to improving biomass production and carbon sequestration in trees. However, how wood formation evolved and how these programs have been rewired across lineages remains unclear. Here, we present the first high-spatial-resolution evo-devo resource for wood transcriptomes spanning multiple dicots and conifers, representing the two major tree-containing lineages separated by more than 300 million years of evolution. Using orthology-aware co-expression network analysis, we identified genes with conserved and lineage-specific expression patterns. By integrating chromatin accessibility data and transcription factor motif analysis, we further inferred candidate regulatory networks for xylem differentiation and secondary cell wall formation. We demonstrate how this dataset can be used to answer long standing questions in wood biology related to differences in acetylation of cell wall polymers and master regulators of xylem specification across dicot and conifer tree species. The data offer a resource for the tree biology and evo-devo communities, and are publicly available at PlantGenIE.org.

We refine the intuitively appealing idea that you are blameworthy for something if it happened because you did not care enough. More formally: you are blameworthy for X (where X may be an action, omission, or outcome) just in case there is the right causal-explanatory relation between your poor quality of will and X. First, we argue that blameworthiness for actions, omissions, and outcomes is concerned with negative differences: you are blameworthy for the fact that X occurred instead of X*, where X is worse than X*. Second, we argue that the way in which your quality of will is poor has to fit what you are blameworthy for. With these refinements, the account already gives intuitively correct verdicts in cases of forgetting, making a negative difference to a nevertheless good result, and doing an action with runaway consequences. We then discuss what the right causal-explanatory relation is and suggest that it is simply causation, understood in the right way. Here, we draw on the account of causation developed in Caroline Torpe Touborg’s “The Dual Nature of Causation.” According to this account, there are two necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for causation. Roughly, C causes E rather than E* iff (1) C is process-connected to E, and (2) C makes E more secure and E* less secure. With this account of causation, our account of blameworthiness now also gives correct verdicts in omission, pre-emption, and switching cases, Frankfurt-style cases, and collective harm cases.

Background: There is an increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk due to superior soft tissue contrast compared to computed tomography (CT). Conventional workflows require CT-MRI registration, introducing geometric uncertainty that can propagate to dose delivery. MRI-only radiotherapy, based on AI-generated synthetic CT (sCT) and segmentations from T2-weighted images, offers a single-modality approach, potentially eliminating registration errors.

Purpose: Our study aims to evaluate whether an MRI-only workflow, using commercial AI models for segmentation and sCT generation (MVision), demonstrates performance comparable to expert-defined segmentations and reference CT-based calculations within the studied dataset.

Methods: We analyzed five segmentations on 19 male pelvis patients from the Gold Atlas dataset, providing deformably co-registered CT and MRI, sCTs, with multi-observer and consensus segmentations. We investigated segmentation accuracy, image similarity, and evaluated the dosimetric impact by comparing AI- to manual segmentations and CTs to sCTs. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for statistical significance and leave-one-out kappa determined segmentation outliers.

Results: Results show that AI-segmentations achieved accuracy comparable to interobserver variability across all organs. Median Dice coefficients exceeded 0.9 for the prostate and bladder, and distance metrics closely matched the manual results. The leave-one-out kappa showed that AI-segmentations were indistinguishable from manual observers for all organs. sCTs showed high similarity to the reference CTs, with a median mean absolute error of 34.0 HU and median structural similarity index of 0.93. Dose recalculations showed excellent agreement; median 3D-gamma pass rate was 99.8% (2%/2 mm), and mean absolute dose difference was 0.036 Gy. All evaluated clinical dose constraints remained fulfilled after recalculation on the sCT.

Conclusions: Our results confirm that an AI-segmentation and MRI-sCT workflow provides geometric, image, and dose accuracy comparable to manual- and CT-based references, supporting their integration into clinical workflows for pelvic radiotherapy.

This narrative review provides a historical perspective on how observational research on type 2 diabetes has been developed and consolidated over the last 50 years and how well-designed cohort studies will provide us with knowledge for research and practice in the future and aid guideline development. We have included data from a large number of cohorts from every continent that have been used to study the development and/or progression of type 2 diabetes, including cohorts that are general population-based, disease-based, intervention-based and registry-based. We have structured the results from the past 50 years based on the following themes: diagnosis and screening, complications, risk factors and pathophysiology. We also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of observational research when compared with other research designs. Finally, we discuss the emerging and future directions for type 2 diabetes research using cohorts, which include novel developments, such as artificial intelligence, precision health and the exposome. We conclude that cohort research has significantly advanced our understanding of type 2 diabetes and aided guideline development, and complements experimental work, such as human randomised controlled trials and animal studies. Both approaches are essential and complementary in our pursuit to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, and to change dogma, practice and policies for better outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of menstrual symptoms on sport participation and management strategies among adolescent girls playing floorball in Sweden. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among floorball players aged 12–18 years (n = 545). Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with menstrual-related symptoms and their impact on participation and absence from training sessions or matches. Results: Menstrual pain (89.6%) and mood swings (81.9%) were the most commonly reported symptoms. Symptoms such as menstrual pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, headache, fatigue, dizziness, and concentration difficulties were more prevalent among participants with early menarche (≤11 years) than those with later menarche. Overall, about 62.2% perceived that their menstrual symptoms affected their training and matches. Early menarche (≤11 years) was associated with nearly three times higher odds of refraining from training sessions or matches. Despite substantial impact, healthcare-seeking and communication with coaches were limited. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of menstrual symptoms and their impact on sport participation and experiences, menstrual health should be recognised as a core component of athlete well-being in youth sport. Efforts are needed to improve menstrual health awareness, early identification of girls with high symptom burden, and supportive sport environments to promote gender equality in youth sport.

Novel treatments for metastatic prostate cancer (PC) are needed. Molecular subtypes of bone metastatic PC (MetA-C) were recently identified, with the proliferation-driven MetB subtype linked to very poor prognosis. Non-coding microRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression and constitute potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to explore miR profiles in bone metastases in relation to the MetA-C subtypes, with focus on the aggressive MetB subtype. Genome-wide microarray analysis of clinical bone metastasis samples (n = 96, 62 patients) identified miR-375 to be inversely associated with the MetB subtype. The metastatic C4-2B cell line was transduced to overexpress or sequester miR-375 and effects were evaluated by microarray analysis, cell proliferation/adhesion assays, and tumor growth in mice. miR-375 overexpression in C4-2B altered transcription profiles and shifted the phenotype from being MetB-like to becoming MetA-like. In cell culture, miR-375 overexpression reduced cell proliferation, increased adhesion, and downregulated YAP1 expression among other direct gene targets, while miR-375 inhibition had opposite effects. In mice, miR-375 overexpression reduced tumor establishment and growth. Our data link clinical and experimental findings of miR-375 being a potential inhibitor of the aggressive MetB subtype in PC.

The transition toward reusable food packaging driven by European circular economy regulations introduces new food safety challenges related to microbial persistence and cross-contamination. GS-2 is a novel, food-safe antimicrobial formulation developed for use as a coating on reusable packaging materials. In the present study, the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of GS-2 was evaluated in liquid suspension against foodborne bacterial (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica Agona) and fungal pathogens (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger), and the transcriptomic response of L. monocytogenes following sublethal GS-2 exposure was investigated. GS-2 exhibited concentration-dependent microbicidal activity, with strong reductions observed at ≥2.8–3.0% against bacterial strains and A. flavus, while A. niger demonstrated resistance. Among bacteria, L. monocytogenes showed the greatest sensitivity, with populations reduced below detection limits at 3% GS-2. To elucidate mechanistic responses, RNA sequencing was performed on L. monocytogenes exposed to sublethal GS-2 concentrations (0.1–1.0%). Transcriptomic analyses using discrete and continuous models revealed a pronounced adaptive stress response at 0.5% GS-2, characterized by coordinated upregulation of pathways involved in carbon, nitrogen, and nucleotide metabolism. At higher sublethal concentrations (1%), transcriptional profiles shifted toward growth arrest and cellular damage management. These findings support GS-2 as a promising antimicrobial for enhancing the microbial safety of reusable food packaging systems.

Problem: Despite national and global recommendations, most pregnant women in Australia do not receive midwife-led continuity of care (MLCoC).

Background: MLCoC improves health outcomes, yet its implementation has been slow. Supportive leadership is essential for upscaling, and insights from midwifery leaders across Australia can inform strategies to enhance national adoption.

Aim: To explore midwifery leaders’ views on barriers and facilitators to implementing, sustaining and upscaling MLCoC in Australia.

Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study design was used. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 16 midwifery leaders working in public hospitals in metropolitan, regional and remote areas throughout Australia, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings: The overarching global theme, Transforming maternity care through midwife-led continuity , comprises three themes and 11 sub-themes, which include facilitators and barriers at the system, organisational, and midwifery team levels. At the system level, facilitators for MLCoC models included the sub-themes ‘ Motivated by better outcomes’, ‘Policies, research, and service demand as drivers of change’ and ’ Increasing the reach of MLCoC’ , while ‘ Rigidity in complex systems’ and ‘ Maternity care culture’ were barriers. At the organisational level, facilitators were ‘ Leadership and management’ and ‘ Collaboration and engagement’ , while barriers were ‘ Lack of support and low priority’ . At the midwifery team level, facilitators consisted of ‘ Supporting midwives’ and ‘ Optimising staffing’ , while ‘ Workforce strain and team instability’ were important barriers.

Conclusion: Expanding MLCoC models nationally requires maternity care structures and funding mechanisms that support implementation and scale-up, alongside strong midwifery leadership, interprofessional collaboration, balanced caseloads, reliable leave coverage, and dedicated government support.

A compelling idea in ethics is that right and wrong is a matter of one's choices being justifiable to others. Contemporary contractualism in particular takes this idea as a starting point. There are, however, different ways to articulate the compelling idea within a contractualist theory. In this paper, I discuss three versions of contractualism and show that they have different implications in situations where there are no principles which can be justified to others. I argue that this sheds new light on the most plausible way of formulating contractualism and that it supports a formulation of the theory in terms of principles which authorize, rather than disallow, acts.

The study of crime and place has long emphasised the relationship between the physical environment and crime. Accordingly, environmental and place-based approaches have become an increasingly common component of crime prevention. One setting of particular interest is the residential area, where people live, interact, and shape their everyday lives. The perceived and actual safety of residential environments may influence quality of life, trust, and community stability. Creating safe residential environments is therefore an important objective. It is within this context that the present research is situated. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the empirical understanding of environmental and place-based crime prevention in residential settings. To achieve this, the dissertation comprises four complementary studies. Study I presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of environmental interventions in residential areas, synthesising existing evidence on their effectiveness. The results demonstrate heterogeneous intervention effects in residential areas. More specifically, the synthesised results indicated statistically significant reductions in property-related crime, whereas effects on violence-related crime were not statistically significant on average. Studies II and III apply staggered difference- in-differences designs to address-level panel data to evaluate indoor (basements and attics) and outdoor environmental interventions in a multifamily housing context. While Study II focuses on basement and attic theft, Study III evaluates the potential impact on outdoor crime. Both studies found declining crime trends over time but could not attribute the decline to the interventions. Study IV combines multilevel modelling and a synthetic control method to assess the broader impact on crime of a municipal public housing-led crime prevention strategy in designated residential areas. Similar to Studies II and III, the results showed an overall decline in crime outcomes but could not conclude that the decline was linked to the strategy. Overall, the findings highlight the complexity of environmental and place- based crime prevention, particularly when evaluating interventions implemented as part of a broader residential development strategy. The results support two possible interpretations: either the interventions did not produce measurable effects on recorded crime, or any effects remained difficult to detect within the available data and evaluation designs. Together, the studies suggest that evaluating environmental and place-based crime prevention should consider both intervention outcomes, implementation contexts, and the conditions under which preventive measures are expected to operate.

Research-Based Teaching and Learning strategies have come to the fore in recent years to better engage students from all levels with research. As in any novel area in teaching, practices and experiences are needed for the teaching community to eventually implement this approach. Hence, this article presents and appraises several activities with the potential of engaging university students with research. Three extracurricular proposals are analyzed within the framework of Research-Based Teaching and Learning. These are: the scheme ‘Young Researcher Seedbeds’ in Colombia, the student activities at the CONPEHT Tourism Conference in Latin America and the thoughts and experiences of one of the authors about publishing with students in Sweden and in Colombia. The authors use case study techniques to report the first and second initiatives, whereas the third initiative is presented under an auto-ethnographical point of view. In the final section, some thoughts about transferring these ideas to the Nordic context are put forth. The studied extracurricular activities and schemes are found to have potential in promoting ‘hands-on’, active learning, as they bring students in contact with research early in their education. These activities bring about not only an interest in science but also a range of related soft skills, such as collaboration, communication, and presentation competencies. Students get to experience the ‘social’ side of science by producing or disseminating it. A thorough evaluation of these activities and their transfer, however, remains a pending issue. Practitioners interested in expanding their portfolio towards research-based activities may find in this paper inspiration from international, innovative sources to eventually transfer to their contexts.

The commercialization of heavy electric trucks is progressing, and many uncertainties about their effective use are resolved. For long-haul trucks, public charging will be used daily and could account for a large part of the total energy needs, making low charging prices at public chargers and no queues essential. This paper presents an early version of a model of the market for public charging and exemplifies how it can be used for examining factors like cost per kWh, charger capacity, charging queues, and the cost for building sufficient capacity to avoid queues. While price predictions are premature, the paper outlines key factors to keep charging costs and charging queues low.

Cardiometabolic diseases often cluster as multimorbidity, yet current risk prediction models typically focus on a single disease and rarely incorporate social determinants. This study aims to develop a Bayesian risk prediction model for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged Swedish adults. This prospective cohort included 11,964 adults without prior cardiometabolic disease from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS; enrolment 2013–2016). Cardiometabolic disease was defined as incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), ischaemic heart disease/heart failure, or stroke. Regularised Bayesian logistic regression models were developed to predict any cardiometabolic disease (≥ 1 condition) and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (≥ 2 conditions) within 2–5 years. Twenty-two social and cardiometabolic risk predictors were considered. During follow-up, 6.0% of participants developed cardiometabolic disease(s) (5.7% with a single cardiometabolic disease and 0.3% with multimorbidity). The prediction model showed fair discrimination for any cardiometabolic disease (AUC 0.76, 95% CI 0.74–0.78) and good discrimination for multimorbidity (AUC 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.93). The highest predicted risks were observed among older foreign-born males with hypertension, low HDL-C, high waist circumference, and current/ex-smoker, with predicted risks of 34.7% (95% CrI 30.3%–39.5%) for any cardiometabolic disease and 4.4% (95% CrI 2.0%–7.9%) for multimorbidity. These findings suggest that social determinants and uncertainty estimates may provide useful information for cardiometabolic disease prediction, though further validation is needed before use in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Planned home birth is an option for healthy women with low-risk pregnancies and is attended by midwives in the home setting. While well established in several countries, planned home birth remains uncommon in Sweden. Available evidence suggests that, for selected women, home birth can be as safe as hospital birth and may be associated with greater autonomy, control, and more positive birth experiences. However, women's experiences of planned home birth in Sweden remain underexplored.

OBJECTIVES: To explore women's experiences of planned home birth attended by midwives in Sweden.

DESIGN: Qualitative study using a netnographic design.

METHODS: Twelve publicly available online narratives were collected from blogs, discussion forums, and Instagram posts in which women described their experiences of planned home birth supported by a midwife. Data were analysed using Kozinets' netnographic analysis framework.

RESULTS: Two themes and four categories were identified: Experiencing safety in the home environment and The importance of a supportive team. Women described the home as a calm and secure environment that promoted confidence, autonomy, and trust in the birth process. Freedom to manage labour according to individual needs and support from a known midwife, partners, and family members contributed to positive birth experiences.

CONCLUSION: Planned home birth was experienced as safe, positive, and empowering. Choice, informed decision-making, and individualised care emerged as key factors influencing positive birth experiences. Providing alternatives to hospital birth may support women's autonomy within an equitable and person-centred maternity care system.

This article examines how UNESCO World Heritage listing and its subsequent tourism developments reshape livelihoods, participation, and cultural continuity. The study case is Jingmai Mountain, Yunnan—a tea-forest cultural landscape maintained by the Blang and Dai communities in southwestern China. The research, carried out 18 months after UNESCO’s earmarking, unveils the early tourism developments and the community changes in response to these. Based on observation and interviews across four villages in the area, the analysis integrates Community-Based Ecotourism, the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, and critical heritage perspectives into a new model. The results show that residents assess benefit-sharing through a moral economy in which fairness is defined as proportional return, while participation is channelled through mediated representation via hierarchical local governmental structures. Ecotourism is largely a supplementary, risk-buffering strategy that complements under-forest tea cultivation, sustaining livelihood resilience while re-weighting valued competencies toward hospitality, Mandarin language, and platform visibility. Heritage recognition has strengthened cultural confidence and renewed intergenerational engagement with tea-related practices, yet environmental pressures and regulatory demands expose uneven capacities to participate and benefit.

Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of small molecules present in biological systems. It aims to discover and quantify metabolites in biological samples, expanding our understanding of mechanism underlying physiological processes. Due to high complexity of biological systems, advances in metabolomics require integration of many scientific disciplines.This thesis explores the integration of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics with organic synthesis for the discovery and characterization of biologically relevant metabolites. The work demonstrates how chemical synthesis can complement metabolomics by enabling structural validation and investigation of metabolites identified in complex biological samples.Two projects are outlined. The first investigates N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)-mediated metabolism of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, leading to the identification, synthesis, and characterization of its toxic metabolite. The second applies untargeted metabolomics to characterize the metabolism of the pathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, resulting in the identification and synthesis of three metabolites of unknown bioactivity, that could also potentially serve as biomarkers.

The global population is ageing, and chronic kidney disease is becoming more common. As a result, increasing numbers of older adults with multimorbidity and frailty are progressing to kidney failure. This requires all healthcare professionals involved in the care of people with kidney failure to be able to provide careful guidance with regards to available treatment options. Choosing a treatment pathway for frail patients may be challenging, particularly for those considered ineligible for kidney transplantation. For such individuals, the remaining options are dialysis and conservative kidney management (CKM). However, these treatments have not been compared in randomized trials, which often makes it difficult to determine which treatment best aligns with the needs and preferences of people living with kidney failure. In this narrative review, we discuss CKM as a valuable treatment approach for old and frail people with kidney failure, and those considered ineligible for kidney transplantation. We compare clinical outcomes between CKM and dialysis, such as health-related quality of life and survival. We guide the identification of people who may benefit from CKM and when discussions on CKM should be initiated. We discuss shared decision-making and consider the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Lastly, we embed CKM within the broader context of kidney supportive care, a palliative approach that includes advance care planning, symptom management, and lifestyle modifications that can be considered irrespective of treatment modality. Regardless of whether CKM or dialysis is chosen in the end, careful consideration of treatment options can help to ensure that people with kidney failure receive care that aligns with their values, preferences, and goals.

This paper contributes to the research about the pushers and inhibitors of circular economy (CE) entrepreneurs and their startups. Its purpose is deepening into the personal and social motivations of the entrepreneurs, as well as providing a critical overview on operational, day-to-day questions such as product design, funding or communication. Market issues and regulations are also taken into consideration. Five entrepreneurs in Sweden are interviewed in-depth. Thematic analysis is subsequently applied and the most relevant results are laid out and pitched against the extant literature. The selection of entrepreneurs is from the Ellen McArthur Foundation list and they represent different sectors in the Swedish economy. This country has been selected for its high promotion of sustainable values and for disseminating a circular lifestyle among its population. The research finds that motivations for CE entrepreneurship are rooted in the personal and professional experiences of each entrepreneur, though in different ways. CE companies possess a superior communication ability as well as a superior ability to get funding though, like all companies, these Swedish circular businesses are also under pressure because of demands for short-term profits. Consumer education (both industrial and final) is also needed for CE to come to its full deployment. The stringent EU regulations seen as a challenge but mainly as a chance. In general, study finds common practices with other countries but also specific practices related to Sweden or the sector in which companies operate. This study is the first comparative one among CE entrepreneurs in Sweden cutting across sectors. Therefore, it adds to the research about the motivations and operations of CE startups which has been done in other countries. Moreover, it uncovers innovative sectoral or local practices in CE which might be of interest to academics and practitioners worldwide. Overall, this article draws up a realistic picture of today's CE entrepreneurs in a northern European context.

During organizational changes, sensemaking and rhetoric are central processes. While organizational members try to make sense of ambiguities surrounding a change initiative, change leaders use rhetoric to shape how the initiative is understood, which is crucial since the success of an organizational change process might depend on the ability to gain acceptance of it. However, the rhetorical efforts required by change leaders constitute a form of labour which itself requires sensemaking. We have investigated such rhetorical sensemaking by conducting a case study of how four change leaders reflected on challenges they faced during the implementation of an open and activity-based office at a City District Department in Stockholm between 2023 and 2024. Building on a thematic analysis of these challenges, we have analysed how the actors made sense of elements that constitute rhetorical situations (exigence, audience, and constraints). The case study demonstrates an example of how sensemaking can produce an understanding of rhetorical elements, responsibilities and capacities for rhetorical responses, and how sensemaking can afford and evaluate rhetorical responses. Ultimately, we argue that the concept of rhetorical sensemaking unveils an often overlooked form of labour in organizational changes that deserves to be both supported and critically examined.

Near-miss reporting is widely promoted as a prerequisite for preventive organisational learning, yet manysafety–critical organisations continue to learn primarily after harm has occurred. This qualitative study examineswhy near-miss information fails to travel and convert into learning in a hierarchical, mission-oriented safetysystem. Five participant-led, unmoderated focus group discussions were conducted during an occupational safetymeeting in a military organisation, involving 45 personnel with formal occupational safety roles. A hybriddeductive-inductive thematic analysis was used to identify mechanisms shaping safety voice, reporting, receptivity,and learning closure.Findings show that near-miss reporting is shaped by three interacting conditions: consequence calculus, systemfriction, and weak closure. Consequence calculus filters what becomes reportable; system friction makesreporting and follow-up difficult to enact; and weak closure limits feedback, ownership, and visible resolutionafter concerns have been raised. Together, these conditions produce forum mismatch, in which safety concernsare routed away from formal systems, and workaround behaviours, including local templates, informal escalation,and selective reporting.The article introduces the concept of the deaf profession to explain how strong professional responsibility andmission commitment can coexist with weak organisational listening capacity. The study contributes to safetyvoice and reporting research by identifying closure as a central conversion point between voice and organisationallearning, and by conceptualising receptivity as an organisational capability rather than an individualdisposition. Practical implications include reducing reporting friction, assigning ownership for reported issues,and shifting safety performance indicators from reporting counts to learning conversions.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction is a vital strategy for green ammonia production. However, this is highly challenged by poor selectivity, and hence, the development of novel catalysts is scanty. The present research provides insight into the development of a new trimetallic alloy, CuAgMo, on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Based on characterization techniques, the XRD shows successful growth of the trimetallic alloy on the MWCNT surface, and SEM–HRTEM images present the growth of CuAgMo nanoclusters on MWCNT and the existence of an interface. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) analysis confirms the reduction of metals toward cluster formation that could act as an active site for nitrogen reduction. The resulting CuAgMo@CNT nanocluster exhibits high activity and selectivity, achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 38.8% at −1.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.5 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, chronoamperometry shows that the electrocatalyst demonstrated stability for 90 h, outperforming most recently reported electrocatalysts for NRR. The outcomes of the present research demonstrate a feasible pathway for the rational design of electrocatalysts for N2 fixation.

Purpose

This paper aims to present a practitioner-oriented Safety Ethogram for military exercises. Its purpose is to make safety-related learning practices easier to observe, discuss and improve during planning, execution, debrief and after-action review.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws on qualitative content analysis of interview material on safety planning, coordination, deviation, intervention and learning in military exercises. Of 42 interview transcript files, 38 were readable and analysed through 74 traceable meaning units using a structured coding framework focused on interview-described safety practices.

Findings

Four recurring areas of practice were identified: formal safety governance and risk work, deviation and drift from intended practice, intervention to correct or redirect exercise activity and learning through experience and institutional memory. Together, these areas show that safety in exercises is not maintained by rules alone. It also depends on how governance is translated into action, how drift is recognised, whether intervention is legitimate and usable and whether lessons identified are carried forward into future planning.

Research limitations/implications

The framework is based on interview-described practice rather than direct observation. It should therefore be read as a practice-informed tool that requires further testing in live exercise settings.

Practical implications

The safety ethogram offers a practical vocabulary for those who plan, lead, observe and evaluate exercises. It can be used to strengthen observation, structure debriefs, diagnose drift and improve the link between after-action learning and future safety governance.

Originality/value

This paper contributes a practice-based framework for examining how safety is enacted in military exercises as workplaces. Rather than treating safety as an abstract cultural property, it makes visible the concrete patterns through which safety is supported, weakened, corrected and learned.