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  • 451.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bernfort, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eckard, Nathalie
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Husberg, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sammanfattning. Fixartjänster i Sveriges kommuner: Kartläggning2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I föreliggande rapport redovisas ett delresultat från regeringsuppdraget ”Social innovation i vården och omsorgen om de mest sjuka äldre” som VINNOVA fick i mars 2012.

    Under 2012 fick VINNOVA ett regeringsuppdrag ”Social innovation i vården och omsorgen om de mest sjuka äldre”. Regeringen uppdrog åt VINNOVA att i samarbete med universitet och högskolor och i samråd med andra relevanta aktörer vidareutveckla goda exempel kring sociala innovationer. Mer specifikt innebar uppdraget att genomföra ett fördjupat utvecklingsarbete kring sociala innovationer inom boende, lättare servicetjänster, trygghetsskapande insatser och social samvaro. Social innovation är en viktig del av VINNOVAs nya fokus på att stärka innovationskraften i offentlig verksamhet för att underlätta spridning och användning av innovationer inom kommuner, landsting och statliga myndigheter.Social innovation är en åtgärd som syftar till att öka människors välbefinnande genom att identifiera och möta upp sociala behov.

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  • 452.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Brodtkorb, Thor-Henrik
    ResearchTriangle Institute (RTI) Health Solutions, Lund.
    Could the choice of patient versus proxy ratings for assessing quality of life in dementia affect resource allocation in health care?2012In: Farmeconomia: Health economics and therapeutic pathways, ISSN 1721-6915, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 25-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the choice of patient versus proxy ratings of patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in dementia, for use in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), could potentially affect resource allocation in health care.

    METHODS:A model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on cognitive ability was used to assess the consequences of using HRQoL ratings from either patients themselves or proxies if a new treatment was to be introduced. The model was based on previously published data on costs related to AD stages as well as HRQoL ratings from AD patients and from their caregivers as proxy raters.

    RESULTS:The results show that there can be large differences in the results of the CEAs depending on whether the ratings of patients’ HRQoL were made by the patients themselves or by the proxy. When patient self-ratings of HRQoL were used, the cost/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was much higher as compared to the scenario when proxy ratings were used for the same analysis.

    CONCLUSIONS: The choice of patient self-ratings compared to proxy ratings of patients’ HRQoL can have a substantial effect on the results of CEAs. These differences in results may have an important impact on decision making and, ultimately, on resource allocation. In order to critically appraise the results of CEA studies in dementia we advise that both patient and proxy ratings are used in the CEA. To decide on methodology it is of great importance that focus is directed towards determining the most valid way to measure HRQoL in AD.

  • 453.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kalkan, Almina
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Preferenser och perspektiv vid beräkning av QALY2012In: QALY som effektmått inom vården: möjligheter och begränsningar / [ed] Lars Bernfort, Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012, p. 15-29Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 454.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies.
    Krevers, Barbro
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Johansson, Ulla
    Center for Research and Development Uppsala Universitet.
    Josephsson, Staffan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Haraldsson, Ulla
    Stockholms Sjukhem.
    Boström, Carina
    Primärvården Gästrikland.
    Rosshagen, Anna
    Primärvården Gästrikland.
    Persson, Jan
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Center for Medical Technology Assessment.
    Health economic and process evaluation of AT interventions for persons with dementia and their relatives - A suggested assessment model2007In: Technology and Disability, ISSN 1055-4181, Vol. 19, no 2-3, p. 61-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is growing interest in assistive technology (AT) as a means of enabling participation in everyday activities for persons with dementia and their relatives. Health economic assessment of AT in dementia is of importance due to the consequences of the disease for both patients and relatives and to the high societal costs for dementia care. The aim of this article is to outline a model for assessment of AT interventions for persons with dementia. The model expands existing assessment models as it also includes evaluation of the intervention process. Methodological challenges and possibilities in making health economic assessments, including outcomes and costs, as well as process evaluation, are discussed in the article. © 2007 IOS Press. All rights reserved.

  • 455.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundqvist, Martina
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundqvist, Martina
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Husberg, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Utvärdering av försöksverksamhet med service- och signalhundar2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport redovisar utvärderingen av en försöksverksamhet med ser-vice- och signalhundar som bedrevs mellan år 2009 och 2014. Utvärderingen inkluderar servicehundar, signalhundar samt alarmerande servicehundar (epilepsihundar och diabeteshundar). Totalt 56 ekipage (förare samt hund) ingick i utvärderingsstudien. Data i studien samlades in före samt efter genomgången service- och signalhundsutbildning. Syftet med utvärderingen är att studera hur certifierade service- och signalhundar påverkar förarnas behov av offentliga stödinsatser och de totala samhällskostnaderna. Dessutom studerades hur service- och signalhundar påverkar förarna med avseende på hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, välbefinnande, självförtroende och fysisk aktivitet samt om användningen av service- och signalhundar är kostnadseffektiv ur ett samhällsperspektiv.

      Resultat och slutsatser

    • Service- och signalhundar minskar i genomsnitt förarnas behov av offentliga stödinsatser med 197 000 kronor (6 procent) under en tioårsperiod.
    • Livskvaliteten för personer med behov av service- och signalhundar är låg jämfört med den allmänna populationen i Sverige. Studien visar på en förbättring i livskvaliteten och välbefinnandet för förare med en certifierad hund.
    • Förarnas grad av fysisk aktivitet ökade med en certifierad hund och majoriteten av dem angav att de ökat sin tid utanför hemmet samt att de även ökat sin tid för att delta i sociala aktiviteter tack vare hunden.
    • Förarnas negativa emotionella upplevelser minskar med en certifierad hund.
    • Förarna beskriver själva den certifierade hunden som ett viktigt verktyg för ökad självständighet och trygghet.
    • Den hälsoekonomiska modellen som analyserar kostnadseffektiviteten visar att ett innehav av en certifierad hund är ett dominant alternativ jämfört med att inte ha en certifierad hund. Detta innebär att kostnaderna ur ett samhällsperspektiv under en tioårsperiod är lägre (-103 000 kronor) samtidigt som effekterna i form av vunna QALY (kvalitetsjusterade levnadsår) är högre (+0,15).
    • Finansieringsanalysen visar att förare som har certifierade hundar sparar resurser åt alla aktörer (stat, kommun och landsting) men får själva ökade utgifter på grund av hunden.
    • Studien baseras på ett lågt antal observationer (56 ekipage). Det i kombination med att det är en stor spridning i resursförbrukningen mellan ekipagen medför att det finns en statistisk osäkerhet i resultaten. Slutsatserna bedöms dock som rimliga eftersom de är samstämmiga.
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  • 456.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Äldre - vård - civilsamhälle (ÄVC) .
    Persson, Jan
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Center for Medical Technology Assessment.
    Health Related Quality of Life in Dementia as Effect Measure of AT Interventions - Methodological Aspects2007In: 9th European Conference for the Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe,2007, Amsterdam: IOS Press , 2007, p. 217-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 457.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Persson, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Krevers, Barbro
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Perception and significance of an assistive technology intervention - the perspectives of relatives of persons with dementia2013In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 35, no 18, p. 1519-1526Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine relatives' perception of an assistive technology intervention aimed at persons with dementia (PwDs) and their relatives, and to examine whether, and how, experiences of the intervention process differed between relatives valuing the intervention to be of high, and relatives perceiving it to be of low significance. Method: A total of 47 relatives of PwDs within the Swedish Technology and Dementia project were interviewed telephonically using a modified version of the Patient perspective on Care and Rehabilitation process instrument. A total of 46 participants were divided into two groups depending on whether they valued the intervention to be of great significance (GS group; N = 33) or of some/no significance (SNS group; N = 13). Results: Several aspects of the intervention were perceived as highly important, e.g. being shown consideration and respect, and having somewhere to turn. The results indicate that relatives in the GS group perceived certain aspects of the intervention process as highly fulfilled to a larger extent than did relatives in the SNS group. Conclusions: This study illustrates how process evaluations can be used to increase the understanding and to identify improvement aspects of interventions.

  • 458.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Persson, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Krevers, Barbro
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Teknik för personer med demens: En utvärderingsstudie av teknikintervention för personer med demenssjukdom och deras närstående2008Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this study was to study costs and effects of an assistive technology intervention that included assistive technology, support and strategies for persons with dementia and their relatives. Further, the aim was to study the quality of the intervention process and how it was perceived by the participants in the project.

    This assessment study was performed within a project called “Technology and Dementia – development work, create methods and increase competence”. This project was coordinated by the Swedish Institute of Assistive Technology in collaboration with the Alzheimer Society in Sweden and the Dementia Association and was funded by the Swedish Inheritance Fund, Linköping University and the County Council of Östergötland. Two national resource centres were appointed within the project. These developed the assistive technology intervention.

    The study was designed as a pre/post study. Data was collected at three different occasions of measurement: baseline, first follow-up (four weeks after the intervention) and second follow-up (twelve weeks after the intervention). Different outcome measures were used to study the effect of the intervention: health related quality of life (HRQoL), support/caregiving situation, quality of sleep, perception of time and ability to perform everyday life activities. The costs in the study had a societal perspective. A process oriented instrument was used to study the quality of the intervention process. Persons with dementia as well as their relatives answered questionnaires and interviews in the study.

    Data was collected via interviews at the resource centres, via self ratings and through telephone interviews from the research team. The total population included in the analyses was 48 persons with dementia and 47 relatives.

    The results showed that there were no significant differences in effects between baseline and the two follow-ups, except for ability to perform everyday activities where data indicated deterioration during the study period. In one dimension of HRQoL for the relatives there was also a significant difference; the relatives rated greater difficulties at the second follow-up. Cognitive ability was used as a measure for disease stability during the study, and showed no significant differences. There was, however, a rather large drop-out at the second follow-up (15 %) in data on cognitive ability, therefore this result should be interpreted with caution; the persons with dementia may have deteriorated during the study period. This could be reflected in the deterioration in the ability to perform everyday life activities measure.

    The persons with dementia rated their HRQoL higher than the relatives’ proxy ratings (i.e. relatives’ ratings of the HRQoL of the persons with dementia), the differences between the proxy ratings and the persons’ own ratings were significant at all three occasions of measurement. The relatives rated their own HRQoL somewhat higher than the persons with dementia rated their own HRQoL. There were no significant differences between baseline and the followups.

    The intervention included many different types of assistive technologies. The cost of the intervention was 16 000 SEK/person with dementia and relative. There were no significant differences in costs of formal care during the study period. Many relatives performed informal care many hours of the day. Even though the differences in informal caregiving between baseline and the second follow-up were not significant there was a tendency of a slight increase in informal care time of everyday life activities and there was also a decrease in time spent supervising, a little less than one hour per day.

    An evaluation of the quality of the intervention process and how it was perceived was performed. Most relatives perceived that their needs were well fulfilled during the intervention process. Some aspects were brought forward where the intervention process could be improved. Seventy-two percent of the relatives rated the intervention as of great importance, 28 percent rated the intervention as of some importance or of no importance. The persons with dementia had higher expectations on the intervention than the relatives and most persons with dementia perceived the intervention as of great importance.

    Technology and Dementia was a trial project where potential effects and costs were studied. The study was explorative and contributes to increasing the knowledge on use of assistive technology in dementia and also on assessment methodology within this field. There were limitations in the study regarding size of the study population and lack of a comparison group.

    Assessing assistive technology for persons with dementia and their relatives from a socioeconomic perspective entails certain methodological challenges. A model for assessment of assistive technology interventions was developed and tried in this study. Results and methodology are discussed in relation to the assessment model. From this assessment study, areas have been identified for future studies. Future studies will be performed through subgroup analyses to identify groups where the intervention was successful and groups where the intervention was not successful.

     

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    Teknik för personer med demens: En utvärderingsstudie av teknikintervention för personer med demenssjukdom och deras närstående
  • 459.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Krevers, Barbro
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Support/services among family caregivers of persons with dementia - perceived importance and services received2010In: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, ISSN 0885-6230, E-ISSN 1099-1166, Vol. 25, p. 240-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that there is almost no difference between groups of caregivers experiencing higher and lower NI regarding their perception of what are important types of support/services. The caregivers rated different types of support/services within the areas of information, relief and counselling as very important.

  • 460.
    Amandusson, Asa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogenic influences in pain processing2013In: Frontiers in neuroendocrinology (Print), ISSN 0091-3022, E-ISSN 1095-6808, Vol. 34, no 4, p. 329-349Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gonadal hormones not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and they therefore need to be evaluated specifically to determine the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for gonadal hormone modulation of nociceptive processing, with particular focus on estrogens and spinal cord mechanisms.

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  • 461.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogen Receptor Expression in Relation to Pain Modulation and Transmission: Experimental Studies in Rats2009Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Estrogens have a remarkably wide range of actions in the mammalian brain. They not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, but also contribute to e.g. thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. A multitude of studies on both animals and human subjects has demonstrated potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and therefore need to be evaluated specifically in relation to the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The overall aim of this thesis is to gain specific knowledge of the possible cellular mechanisms by which estrogens may influence the transmission of nociceptive stimuli at the level of the spinal cord.

    The estrogen receptors, by which estrogens regulate non-genomic as well as genomic mechanisms, are crucial to estrogen signaling in general and essential to the estrogen-induced effects in the brain. In Paper I, we use immunohistochemistry to label neurons containing estrogen receptor-! (ERα) in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of female rats. Large numbers of ER!-expressing neurons were found in lamina I and lamina II, i.e. in the areas involved in the processing of primary afferent nociceptive information. This distribution in part overlaps that of enkephalin, a potent pain-inhibiting endogenous opioid. The effects of gonadal hormones on pain modulation may, to a great extent, be blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone, suggesting an involvement of the endogenous opioid system in the prosecution of hormonal pain regulation. By combining immunohistochemical labeling of ERα with in situ hybridization of preproenkephalin mRNA (Paper II), we demonstrate that the majority of enkephalinergic neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn express ER!. This co-localization and the fact that the preproenkephalin gene contains a sequence that binds ERs, suggest that estrogens may potentially regulate enkephalin expression in these cells. This is further supported by the findings in Paper III in which we show that a single subcutaneous injection of estradiol induces a significant increase (on average 68%) in preproenkephalin mRNA content in the spinal cord after 4 hours. The expression of the enkephalin gene in the spinal cord is thus sensitive to fluctuating estradiol levels. In Paper IV, a noxious injection of formalin is used to induce activation of a neuronal population involved in nociceptive transmission from the face. By using a dual-labeling immunohistochemistry protocol, we were able to identify ER!-expressing cells within this neuronal population suggesting that nociceptive-responsive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn express ER!. In all, our findings provide morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for an estrogen-dependent modulation of nociceptive processing at the level of the dorsal horn.

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    Estrogen Receptor Expression in Relation to Pain Modulation and Transmission: Experimental Studies in Rats
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  • 462.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogen receptor-α expression in nociceptive-responsive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn of the female rat2010In: European Journal of Pain, ISSN 1090-3801, E-ISSN 1532-2149, Vol. 14, no 3, p. 245-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Estrogens exert a substantial influence on the transmission of nociceptive stimuli and the susceptibility to pain disorders as made evident by studies in both animals and human subjects. The estrogen receptor (ER) seems to be of crucial importance to the cellular mechanisms underlying such an influence. However, it has not been clarified whether nociceptive neurons activated by pain express ERs. In this study, a noxious injection of formalin was given into the lower lip of female rats, thereby activating nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis as demonstrated by immunohistochemical labeling of Fos. Using a dual-label immunohistochemistry protocol ERα-containing cells were visualized in the same sections. In the superficial layers of the medullary dorsal horn, 12 % of ERα-labeled cells, mainly located in lamina II, also expressed noxious-induced Fos. These findings show that nociceptive-responsive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn express ERα, thus providing a possible morphological basis for the hypothesis that estrogens directly regulate pain transmission at this level.

  • 463.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Östrogenreceptorer kan reglera känsligheten för smärta. Möjlig förklaring till vissa kroniska smärttillstånd.2001In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 98, p. 1774-1778Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 464.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hallbeck, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Hermanson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogen-induced alterations of spinal cord enkephalin gene expression1999In: Pain, ISSN 0304-3959, E-ISSN 1872-6623, Vol. 83, no 2, p. 243-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Enkephalin-synthesizing neurons in the super®cial laminae of the spinal and trigeminal dorsal horn are critical components of the endogenous pain-modulatory system. We have previously demonstrated that these neurons display intracellular estrogen receptors, suggesting that estrogen can potentially influence their enkephalin expression. By using Northern blot, we now show that a bolus injection of estrogen results in a rapid increase in spinal cord enkephalin mRNA levels in ovariectomized female rats. Thus, 4 h after estrogen administration the enkephalin mRNA-expression in the lumbar spinal cord was on average 68% higher (P , 0:05) than in control animals injected with vehicle only. A small increase in the amount of enkephalin mRNA was also seen after 8 h (P , 0:05), whereas no difference between estrogen-injected and control animals was found after 24 h or at time periods shorter than 4 h. Taken together with the previous anatomical data, the present findings imply that estrogen has an acute effect on spinal opioid levels in areas involved in the transmission of nociceptive information.

  • 465.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hermanson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Colocalization of oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin mRNA expression to neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal and medullary dorsal horn of rats1996In: European Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0953-816X, E-ISSN 1460-9568, Vol. 8, no 11, p. 2440-2445Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A double-labelling procedure combining immunohistochemical staining with in situ hybridization using a radiolabelled cRNA probe was employed to demonstrate oestrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin-A mRNA in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of female rats. Both markers labelled large numbers of neurons in the substantia gelatinosa and its trigeminal homologue. Many of these neurons were double-labelled, displaying both oestrogen receptor-like-immunoreactivity and preproenkephalin-A mRNA; cell counts showed that 40-60% of the of the oestrogen receptor-like-immunoreactive cells in the superficial laminae also were labelled for preproenkephalin-A mRNA, and that 60-70% of the preproenkephalin-A mRNA-labelled neurons in the same laminae displayed oestrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity. Previous studies have shown that oestrogen receptors can bind to the promoter region of the preproenkephalin-A gene, and studies on the hypothalamus have demonstrated that oestrogen regulates enkephalin expression in select neuronal populations. The present results demonstrate that enkephalinergic neurons in the superficial dorsal horn contain oestrogen receptors and suggest that oestrogen may play an important role in the modulation of sensory and nociceptive processing in the lower medulla and spinal cord.

  • 466.
    Amandusson, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hermanson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Blomqvist, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Estrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of the female rat1995In: Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, E-ISSN 1872-7972, Vol. 196, no 1-2, p. 25-28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using an immunohistochemical technique, we demonstrate that large numbers of neurons in the laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal gray matter of the female rat express estrogen receptors (ER). Densely packed ER-immunoreactive neurons were present in lamina II, but labeled neurons were also present in lamina I, the neck of the dorsal horn, and in lamina X. Labeling was present throughout the length of the spinal cord, with the exception of segments caudal to S1, which were unlabeled. The distribution of ER-containing neurons to areas that are involved in processing of primary afferent nociceptive information suggests that the pain modulatory effects of estrogen may be exerted at the spinal level.

  • 467.
    Amarzguioui, Mohammed
    et al.
    The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, Norway.
    Mucchiano, Gerd
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular and Immunological Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Häggqvist, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular and Immunological Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Westermark, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular and Immunological Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kavlie, Anita
    The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, Norway.
    Sletten, Knut
    The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, Norway.
    Prydz, Hans
    The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, Norway.
    Extensive Intimal Apolipoprotein A1-Derived Amyloid Deposits in a Patient with an Apolipoprotein A1 Mutation1998In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 242, no 3, p. 534-539Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the aortic intima amyloid deposits are often associated with atherosclerotic plaques. In a recent study of one patient with aortic intimal amyloid the major fibril protein was an N-terminal fragment of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) consisting of 69 amino acid residues. In the present study, we have screened the apoA1 gene for mutations in autopsy cases with aortic intimal amyloid immunohistochemically positive for apoA1, using single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing. All cases except one had a normal apoA1 gene sequence. One case of exceptionally severe atherosclerosis combined with extensive intimal amyloid deposits showed an apoA1 deletion corresponding to Lys 107. Thus, wild type apoA1 is amyloidogenic but our findings suggest that the expression of a mutant apoA1-form may be associated with enhanced amyloidogenicity.

  • 468.
    Amasheh, Maren
    et al.
    Charite.
    Grotjohann, Ingo
    Charite.
    Amasheh, Salah
    Charite.
    Fromm, Anja
    Charite.
    Söderholm, Johan D
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Surgery in Östergötland.
    Zeitz, Martin
    Charite.
    Fromm, Michael
    Charite.
    Schulzke, Joerg-Dieter
    Charite.
    Regulation of mucosal structure and barrier function in rat colon exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma in vitro: A novel model for studying the pathomechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease cytokines2009In: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, ISSN 0036-5521, Vol. 44, no 10, p. 1226-1235Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. In Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), elevated cytokines are responsible for disturbed intestinal transport and barrier function. The mechanisms of cytokine action have usually been studied in cell culture models only; therefore the aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model based on native intestine to analyze distinct cytokine effects on barrier function, mucosal structure, and inherent regulatory mechanisms. Material and methods. Rat colon was exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) in Ussing chambers. Transepithelial resistance (R-t) and H-3-mannitol fluxes were measured for characterization of the paracellular pathway. Transcellular transport was analyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) flux measurements. Expression and distribution of tight junction proteins were characterized in immunoblots and by means of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (LSM). Results. Colonic viability could be preserved for 20 h in a specialized in vitro set-up. This was sufficient to alter mucosal architecture with crypt surface reduction. R-t was decreased (101 +/- 10 versus 189 +/- 10 Omega . cm(2)) with a parallel increase in mannitol permeability after cytokine exposure. Tight junction proteins claudin-1, -5, -7, and occludin decreased (45 +/- 10%, 16 +/- 7%, 42 +/- 8%, and 42 +/- 13% of controls, respectively), while claudin- 2 increased to 208 +/- 32%. Occludin and claudin- 1 translocated from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. HRP flux increased from 0.73 +/- 0.09 to 8.55 +/- 2.92 pmol . h(-1) . cm(-2). Conclusions. A new experimental IBD model with native colon in vitro is presented. One-day exposure to TNFa and IFNg alters mucosal morphology and impairs epithelial barrier function by up-regulation of the paracellular pore-former claudin-2 and down-regulation of the barrier-builders claudin-1, -5, and -7. These alterations resemble changes seen in IBD and thus underline their prominent role in IBD pathogenicity.

  • 469.
    Amatya, B
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    El-Nour, H
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Holst, M
    Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hospital.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Nordlind, K
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Expression of tachykinins and their receptors in plaque psoriasis with pruritus2011In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, ISSN 0007-0963, Vol. 164, no 5, p. 1023-1029Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pandgt;Background Cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide and approximately 5% of melanomas are hereditary. Deletions in chromosome 1p36 have been detected in melanoma but no candidate melanoma tumour suppressor gene has yet been found in this area. Recently, strong evidence has been reported that CHD5 is a tumour suppressor gene in this region. Objectives To investigate CHD5 involvement in familial melanoma. Methods Peripheral blood DNA from 47 melanoma families who do not carry mutations in any of the three currently recognized melanoma genes, 398 patients with sporadic melanoma and 398 geographically matched nonmelanoma-bearing controls were studied. Linkage investigation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and mutation screening studies were carried out on the CHD5 locus. Results The CHD5 gene was not excluded by linkage analysis in any of the families. On SNP genotyping, the CHD5 rs7513548 SNP was found to be significantly associated with sporadic melanoma (odds ratio 1 center dot 53, 95% confidence interval 1 center dot 13-2 center dot 06). The AG genotype was found in 208 cases and 169 controls (cf. 141 and 175 cases and controls, respectively, for the AA genotype). On CHD5 mutation screening, a total of 50 single-base substitutions were detected. Of these, 39 were intronic and 11 were exonic. While 32 were previously recognized variants, 18 were newly identified. Three, in exons 4, 31 and 32, led to nonsynonymous substitutions. A p.Met1576Ile substitution was identified in a mother and daughter, both with invasive cutaneous melanoma. Conclusions This study appears to be the first report of CHD5 variants in familial cutaneous melanoma. Such CHD5 variants could block or alter the ability of CHD5 to regulate the cell cycle pathway and to effect cellular control. As only one of the 47 families studied has this variant, it appears to be a rare event and further screening of melanoma families is required to confirm whether or not CHD5 is involved in melanoma pathogenesis.

  • 470.
    Ambarki, K.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Sweden .
    Lindqvist, T.
    Umeå University, Sweden .
    Wahlin, A.
    Umeå University, Sweden .
    Petterson, E.
    SyntheticMR ABE, Linköping, Sweden .
    Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology UHL.
    Birgander, R.
    Umeå University, Sweden .
    Malm, J.
    Umeå University, Sweden .
    Eklund, A.
    Umeå University, Sweden Umeå University, Sweden .
    Evaluation of Automatic Measurement of the Intracranial Volume Based on Quantitative MR Imaging2012In: American Journal of Neuroradiology, ISSN 0195-6108, E-ISSN 1936-959X, Vol. 33, no 10, p. 1951-1956Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain size is commonly described in relation to ICV, whereby accurate assessment of this quantity is fundamental. Recently, an optimized MR sequence (QRAPMASTER) was developed for simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, and proton density. ICV can be measured automatically within minutes from QRAPMASTER outputs and a dedicated software, SyMRI. Automatic estimations of ICV were evaluated against the manual segmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 19 healthy subjects, manual segmentation of ICV was performed by 2 neuroradiologists (Obs1, Obs2) by using QBrain software and conventional T2-weighted images. The automatic segmentation from the QRAPMASTER output was performed by using SyMRI. Manual corrections of the automatic segmentation were performed (corrected-automatic) by Obs1 and Obs2, who were blinded from each other. Finally, the repeatability of the automatic method was evaluated in 6 additional healthy subjects, each having 6 repeated QRAPMASTER scans. The time required to measure ICV was recorded. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between reference and automatic (and corrected-automatic) ICV (P greater than .25). The mean difference between the reference and automatic measurement was -4.84 +/- 19.57 mL (or 0.31 +/- 1.35%). Mean differences between the reference and the corrected-automatic measurements were -0.47 +/- 17.95 mL (-0.01 +/- 1.24%) and -1.26 +/- 17.68 mL (-0.06 +/- 1.22%) for Obs1 and Obs2, respectively. The repeatability errors of the automatic and the corrected-automatic method were less than1%. The automatic method required 1 minute 11 seconds (SD = 12 seconds) of processing. Adding manual corrections required another 1 minute 32 seconds (SD = 38 seconds). CONCLUSIONS: Automatic and corrected-automatic quantification of ICV showed good agreement with the reference method. SyMRI software provided a fast and reproducible measure of ICV.

  • 471.
    Ambrosi, Aurelie
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute.
    Salomonsson, Stina
    Karolinska Institute.
    Eliasson, Hakan
    Karolinska Institute.
    Zeffer, Elisabeth
    Karolinska Institute.
    Dzikaite, Vijole
    Karolinska Institute.
    Bergman, Gunnar
    Karolinska Institute.
    Fernlund, Eva
    Skane University Hospital.
    Theander, Elke
    Malmo University Hospital.
    Ryberg, Annika
    Umea University Hospital.
    Ohman, Annika
    Uppsala University.
    Skogh, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Rantapaa, Solbritt
    Umea University Hospital.
    Fored, Michael
    Karolinska Institute.
    Blomqvist, Paul
    Karolinska Institute.
    Ekbom, Anders
    Karolinska Institute.
    Lindsrtom, Ulla
    Queen Silvia Childrens Hospital.
    Melander, Mats
    Queen Silvia Childrens Hospital.
    Winqvist, Ola
    Karolinska Institute.
    Gadler, Fredrik
    Karolinska Institute.
    Jonzon, Anders
    Uppsala University.
    Sonesson, Sven-Erik
    Karolinska Institute.
    Wahren-Herlenius, Marie
    Karolinska Institute.
    Influence of Season of Birth and Maternal Age in the Development of Congenital Heart Block in Anti-Ro-SSA/La-SSB Positive Pregnancies in SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol 72, issue 3, pp 265-2652010In: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Blackwell Publishing Ltd , 2010, Vol. 72, no 3, p. 265-265Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 472.
    Ambrosi, Aurelie
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Salomonsson, Stina
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Eliasson, Hakan
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Zeffer, Elisabeth
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Dzikaite, Vijole
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Bergman, Gunnar
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Fernlund, Eva
    Skane University Hospital.
    Theander, Elke
    Skane University Hospital.
    Rydberg, Annika
    Umea University Hospital.
    Skogh, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Wallberg-Jonsson, Solveig
    Umea University Hospital.
    Ohman, Annika
    Uppsala University.
    Lundstrom, Ulla
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Mellander, Mats
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Winqvist, Ola
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Fored, Michael
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Ekbom, Anders
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Alfredsson, Lars
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Kallberg, Henrik
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Gadler, Fredrik
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Jonzon, Anders
    Uppsala University.
    Sonesson, Sven-Erik
    Karolinska Institute.
    Wahren-Herlenius, Marie
    Karolinska Institute.
    DEVELOPMENT OF HEART BLOCK IN SSA/SSB AUTOANTIBODY-POSITIVE PREGNANCIES IS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL AGE AND DISPLAY A SEASON-OF-BIRTH PATTERN in ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES, vol 70, issue , pp2011In: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES, BMJ Publishing Group , 2011, Vol. 70Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 473.
    Ambrosi, Aurelie
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Salomonsson, Stina
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Eliasson, Håkan
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Zeffer, Elisabeth
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Skog, Amanda
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Dzikaite, Vijole
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Bergman, Gunnar
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Fernlund, Eva
    Skåne University Hospital, Lund.
    Tingström, Joanna
    Skåne University Hospital, Lund.
    Theander, Elke
    Skåne University Hospital, Malmö.
    Rydberg, Annika
    Umeå University Hospital.
    Skogh, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Öhman, Annika
    Uppsala University.
    Lundström, Ulla
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Mellander, Mats
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Winqvist, Ola
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Fored, Michael
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Ekbom, Anders
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Alfredsson, Lars
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm.
    Källberg, Henrik
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm.
    Olsson, Tomas
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Gadler, Fredrik
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Jonzon, Anders
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
    Kockum, Ingrid
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Sonesson, Sven-Erik
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Wahren-Herlenius, Marie
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Development of heart block in children of SSA/SSB-autoantibody-positive women is associated with maternal age and displays a season-of-birth pattern2012In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 71, no 3, p. 334-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective Congenital heart block may develop in the fetuses of Ro/SSA-positive and La/SSB-positive mothers. Recurrence rates of only 10-20% despite persisting maternal antibodies indicate that additional factors are critical for the establishment of heart block. The authors investigated the influence of other maternal and fetal factors on heart block development in a Swedish population-based cohort. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods The influence of fetal gender, maternal age, parity and time of birth on heart block development was analysed in 145 families, including Ro/La-positive (n=190) and Ro/La-negative (n=165) pregnancies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults There was a recurrence rate of 12.1% in Ro/La-positive women, and no recurrence in Ro/La-negative women. Fetal gender and parity did not influence the development of heart block in either group. Maternal age in Ro/La-positive pregnancies with a child affected by heart block was, however, significantly higher than in pregnancies resulting in babies without heart block (pandlt;0.05). Seasonal timing of pregnancy influenced the outcome. Gestational susceptibility weeks 18-24 occurring during January-March correlated with a higher proportion of children with heart block and lower vitamin D levels during the same period in a representative sample of Swedish women and a corresponding higher proportion of children with heart block born in the summer (pandlt;0.02). Maternal age or seasonal timing of pregnancy did not affect the outcome in Ro/La-negative pregnancies. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion This study identifies maternal age and seasonal timing of pregnancy as novel risk factors for heart block development in children of Ro/La-positive women. These observations may be useful for counselling when pregnancy is considered.

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  • 474.
    Amelina, Hanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Sjodin, Marcus O. D.
    Uppsala University.
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Uppsala University.
    Cristobal, Susana
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Quantitative subproteomic analysis of age-related changes in mouse liver peroxisomes by iTRAQ LC-MS/MS2011In: Journal of chromatography. B, ISSN 1570-0232, E-ISSN 1873-376X, Vol. 879, no 30, p. 3393-3400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aging is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, which is believed to result from the accumulation of cellular damage to biological macromolecules. Peroxisomes recently emerged as another important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in addition to mitochondria. However, the role of these organelles in the process of aging is still not clear. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in protein expression profiles of young (10 weeks old) versus old (18 months old) mouse liver peroxisome-enriched fractions. We have applied shotgun proteomic approach based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) labeling that allows comparative quantitative multiplex analysis. Our analysis led to identification and quantification of 150 proteins, 8 out of which were differentially expressed between two age groups at a statistically significant level (p less than 0.05), with folds ranging from 1.2 to 4.1. These proteins involved in peroxisornal beta-oxidation, detoxification of xenobiotics and production of ROS. Noteworthy, differences in liver proteome have been observed between as well as within different age groups. In conclusion, our subproteomic quantitative study suggests that mouse liver proteome is sufficiently maintained until certain age.

  • 475. Ameur, Safia
    et al.
    Carlander, Kristina
    Grundström, Kristin
    Hallberg, Pernilla
    Lundgren, Kristin
    Lundquist, Per-Gotthard
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.
    Wikström, Thore
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Disaster Medicine and Traumatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology.
    Att lära bronkoskopi i simulator gav mer fingerfärdighet än omdöme2003In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 100, p. 2694-2699Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 476. Amin, AI
    et al.
    Hallböök, Olof
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Surgery in Östergötland.
    Lee, AJ
    Sexton, R
    Moran, BJ
    Heald, RJ
    A 5-cm colonic J pouch colo-anal reconstruction following anterior resection for low rectal cancer results in acceptable evacuation and continence in the long term2003In: Colorectal Disease, ISSN 1462-8910, E-ISSN 1463-1318, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 33-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Optimal treatment for low rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision, with most patients suitable for low colo-rectal or colo-anal anastomosis. A colon pouch has early functional benefits, although long-term function, especially evacuation, might mitigate against its routine use. The aim of this study was to assess evacuation and continence in patients with a colon pouch, and to examine the impact of possible risk factors. Methods. In 1998, all 102 surviving patients with a colon pouch, whose stoma had been closed for more than one year, were sent a postal questionnaire. A composite incontinence score was calculated from questions on urgency, use of a pad, incontinence of gas, liquid or faeces, and a composite evacuation score from questions on medication taken to evacuate, straining, the need and number of times returned to evacuate. Results. The response rate was 90% (50 M, 42 F), with a median age of 68 years (IQR 60-78) and median follow-up of 2.6 years (IQR 1.7-3.9). The anastomosis was 3 cm or less from the anus in 45/92 (49%), and incontinence scores were worse in this group (P = 0.001). There were significantly higher incontinence scores in females (P = 0.014). Age, preoperative radiotherapy, part of colon used for anastomosis, post-operative leak and length of follow-up had no demonstrable effect on either score. Conclusion. Gender and anastomotic height were the only variables which influenced incontinence. Ninety percent of patients reported that their bowel function did not affect their overall wellbeing, and none would have preferred to have a stoma.

  • 477.
    Amin, M.
    et al.
    CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics and Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Magnusson, Karl-Eric
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology .
    Kapus, A.
    Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Glogauer, M.
    CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics and Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Ellen, R.P.
    CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics and Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.
    Treponema denticola Msp-deduced peptide conjugate, P34BSA, promotes RhoA-dependent actin stress fiber formation independent of its internalization by fibroblasts2008In: Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, ISSN 0886-1544, E-ISSN 1097-0169, Vol. 65, no 5, p. 406-421Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    P34BSA, a BSA conjugate of a synthetic 10-mer peptide deduced from Treponema denticola major outer sheath protein (Msp), stabilizes actin filaments in fibroblasts and retards cell motility. We reported previously that it is internalized by cells, binds and bundles actin filaments in vitro, and activates RhoA, yet, its site and mechanism of action were not defined. We have assessed P34BSA's modes of interaction with and signaling to fibroblasts. At 4°C, P34BSA was not internalized, but it bound to the plasma membrane and promoted actin stress fiber formation at ~80% capacity compared with 37°C controls, casting doubt that cellular uptake is a critical step for its cytoskeleton-stabilizing property. In Rho G-LISA™ and co-immunoprecipitation assays, P34BSA was found to activate RhoA, even at 4°C, to promote its interaction with guanosine nucleotide exchange factor p114RhoGEF. It also caused phosphorylation of cofilin. Upon RhoA inhibition, either by C3 transferase RhoA inhibitor or by transfection with a dominant negative RhoA construct, P34BSA did not achieve the stress fiber formation seen with P34BSA alone. By inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI 3-K) with LY294002, the P34BSA effects were completely blocked. Depletion of cholesterol with methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (MßCD) partially inhibited P34BSA signaling via the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton. This suggests that multivalent P34BSA activation of lipid raft components requires active PI 3-K, and initiates the pathway through a RhoGEF and RhoA, which mediates stress fiber formation in fibroblasts. Hence, P34BSA may represent a novel tool to investigate RhoA-dependent processes, such as remodeling filamentous actin in eukaryotic cells. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • 478. Amini, Rose-Marie
    et al.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Gustavsson, Anita
    Ekman, Tor
    Erlanson, Martin
    Haapaniemi, Eva
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Oncology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Oncology UHL.
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Treatment outcome in patients younger than 60 years with advanced stages (IIB-IV) of Hodgkin's disease: the Swedish National Health Care Programme experience.2000In: European Journal of Haematology, ISSN 0902-4441, E-ISSN 1600-0609, Vol. 65, p. 379-389Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 479.
    Ammerlaan, H S M
    et al.
    University of Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Harbarth, S
    Geneva University Hospital and Medical Sch, Switzerland.
    Buiting, A G M
    John Radcliffe Hospital, England.
    Crook, D W
    Amphia Hospital, Netherlands.
    Fitzpatrick, F
    Beaumont Hospital, Ireland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Herwaldt, L A
    University of Iowa, IA USA.
    van Keulen, P H J
    Amphia Hospital, Netherlands.
    Kluytmans, J A J W
    St Elizabeth Hospital, Netherlands.
    Kola, A
    Charite University of Medical Berlin, Germany.
    Kuchenbecker, R S
    University of Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
    Lingaas, E
    University of Oslo, Norway.
    Meessen, N
    University of Medical Centre Groningen, Netherlands.
    Morris-Downes, M -m.
    Beaumont Hospital, Ireland.
    Pottinger, J M.
    University of Iowa Hospital and Clin, IA USA.
    Rohner, P
    Geneva University Hospital and Medical Sch, Switzerland.
    dos Santos, R P.
    University of Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
    Seifert, H
    University of Cologne, Germany.
    Wisplinghoff, H
    University of Cologne, Germany.
    Ziesing, S
    Hannover Medical Sch, Germany.
    Walker, A S.
    John Radcliffe Hospital, England.
    Bonten, M J M.
    University of Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Secular Trends in Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Increase the Total Burden of Infection2013In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1058-4838, E-ISSN 1537-6591, Vol. 56, no 6, p. 798-805Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. It is unknown whether rising incidence rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) replace antibiotic-susceptible bacteria (ASB), leaving the total BSI rate unaffected.

    Methods. We investigated temporal trends in annual incidence densities (events per 100 000 patient-days) of nosocomial BSIs caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ARB other than MRSA, and ASB in 7 ARB-endemic and 7 ARB-nonendemic hospitals between 1998 and 2007.

    Results. 33 130 nosocomial BSIs (14% caused by ARB) yielded 36 679 microorganisms. From 1998 to 2007, the MRSA incidence density increased from 0.2 to 0.7 (annual increase, 22%) in ARB-nonendemic hospitals, and from 3.1 to 11.7 (annual increase, 10%) in ARB-endemic hospitals (P = .2), increasing the incidence density difference between ARB-endemic and ARB-nonendemic hospitals from 2.9 to 11.0. The non-MRSA ARB incidence density increased from 2.8 to 4.1 (annual increase, 5%) in ARB-nonendemic hospitals, and from 1.5 to 17.4 (annual increase, 22%) in ARB-endemic hospitals (P < .001), changing the incidence density difference from −1.3 to 13.3. Trends in ASB incidence densities were similar in both groups (P = .7). With annual increases of 3.8% and 5.4% of all nosocomial BSIs in ARB-nonendemic and ARB-endemic hospitals, respectively (P < .001), the overall incidence density difference of 3.8 increased to 24.4.

    Conclusions.  Increased nosocomial BSI rates due to ARB occur in addition to infections caused by ASB, increasing the total burden of disease. Hospitals with high ARB infection rates in 2005 had an excess burden of BSI of 20.6 per 100 000 patient-days in a 10-year period, mainly caused by infections with ARB.

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  • 480.
    Ander, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Preservation of parathyroid function in thyroid and parathyroid surgery1998Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Preservation of normal parathyroid function and calcium homeostasis after operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands is a difficult assignment in endocrine surgery, and it is crucial to minimise the risks of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The aim of this thesis was to study the vascular supply of the parathyroid glands and the revascularisation, growth, and function of transplanted parathyroid tissue, in order to add new information about parathyroid preservation.

    The microcirculation and blood supply of normal, hyperplas~c and adenomatous parathyroid glands were studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in 103 patients during operations on the thyroid and parathyroid glands. In normal parathyroid glands the blood flow was higher compared with that in hyperplastic glands and adenomas. Occlusion of the main trunks of the inferior and superior thyroid arteries reduced the blood flow by 35% and 25%, respectively. The reduction was similar in normal, hyperplastic, and adenomatous parathyroid glands. In 12 patients with single parathyroid adenomas, the increased concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) remained mainly unchanged despite appreciable reduction in blood flow. In 16 patients the microcirculation and macroscopic appearance of normal parathyroid glands located anteriorly on the thyroid lobe were analysed before and after dissection for in situ preservation. There was a poor correlation between reduction in blood flow and macroscopic appearance of the glands. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) showed that the disturbed microcirculation often recovered 30-60 minutes after dissection for preservation.

    Parathyroid tissue obtained from 47 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism was implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice. The processes of revascularisation, morphology, cell proliferation, and function of normal, hyperplastic, and adenomatous parathyroid tissue were studied at 2 and 4 days and 1, 4, 7 and 12 weeks after transplantation. Vessels were detected by monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse and human endothelial cells. The transplanted tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy and by autoradiography after continuous infusion of tritiated thymidine. The relative amount of viable tissue was assessed with a computer image-analysing program. Graft function was judged by measuring human iPTH in mouse serum.

    Over 90% of the transplants took and the original structure of the tissue was well preserved. Confluent areas of parathyroid tissue could be seen in 80% of the transplants. The mean loss of viable tissue in all three groups was 45%.

    Immunohistochemical examination showed ingrowth of vessels from the host into the transplant. The sprouts matured gradually into vessels with thin endothelial linings and capillary fenestrations in adenomatous and hyperplastic transplants but not in transplants of normal tissue.

    In normal parathyroid tissue the proliferation of parathyroid parenchyma! cells increased only slightly in contrast to the advancing proliferative capacity in adenomatous tissue. In contrast to adenomas, parenchyma! cell proliferative capacity in hyperplastic tissue decreased at 12 week.

    Concentrations of iPTH were raised at one week in hyperplastic and adenomatous tissue. Twelve weeks after transplantation iPTH concentrations in relation to the amount of transplanted tissue and relative area of viable tissue were comparable in all three groups of transplanted tissue.

    We conclude that, LDF is a feasible method to study physiological blood flow in human parathyroid glands. Parathyroid blood supply is not as dependent on the inferior thyroid artery as was previously suggested. LDF showed that blood flow recovered in parathyroid glands dissected for in situ preservation and any decision about autografting should be delayed until the end of the operation. Parathyroid transplants re vascularise from host vessels and this is more pronounced and proceeds faster in hyperplastic and adenomatous tissue than in normal transplants. In contrast to nonnal and hyperplastic transplants, adenomatous tissue has a greater and increasing proliferative capacity. The iPTH concentration as an expression of parathyroid function correlates poorly with parenchyma! cell proliferation.

  • 481.
    Andersen Amofah, Hege
    et al.
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway.
    Broström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Bergen University of Coll, Norway; Jonköping University, Sweden.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway; Bergen University of Coll, Norway; Jonköping University, Sweden.
    Bjorvatn, Bjorn
    Norwegian Competence Centre Sleep Disorders, Norway; University of Bergen, Norway.
    Haaverstad, Rune
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway; University of Bergen, Norway.
    Ove Hufthammer, Karl
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway.
    Kuiper, Karel K. J.
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway.
    Hylen Ranhoff, Anette
    University of Bergen, Norway; Haraldsplass Hospital, Norway.
    Norekval, Tone M.
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway; Bergen University of Coll, Norway; University of Bergen, Norway.
    Sleep in octogenarians during the postoperative phase after transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement2016In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 15, no 2, p. 168-177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Octogenarians with aortic stenosis are an increasing population of patients admitted for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Although adequate sleep is important after illness and surgery, it has scarcely been studied in the immediate postoperative phase. Aims: To determine and compare the nature of self-reported sleep and insomnia, and recorded sleep-wake patterns in octogenarians during the in-hospital postoperative phase after SAVR or TAVI. Methods: A prospective cohort design was used that included octogenarian patients undergoing SAVR or TAVI at a regional university hospital. Self-reports were used to document sleep and insomnia, and actigraphy was used to record sleep-wake patterns. Data were collected at baseline preoperatively, and then daily for the first five postoperative days. Results: SAVR patients experienced the most insomnia on postoperative nights later in recovery, while TAVI patients experienced the most insomnia on postoperative nights early in recovery. The median total sleep time, as measured by actigraphy, was 6.4 h, and the median sleep efficiency was 79% for the five postoperative nights, but no differences were found between SAVR and TAVI patients on this parameter. All patients slept more during daytime than at night, with SAVR patients having significantly more total sleep hours for all five days than TAVI patients (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Octogenarians with aortic stenosis had disturbed self-reported sleep, increased insomnia, and disturbed sleep-wake patterns postoperatively, resulting in more daytime sleep and inactivity. In patients undergoing SAVR or TAVI, sleep evolves differently during the in-hospital postoperative phase.

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  • 482.
    Andersen, Lisa M J
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Naswall, Katharina
    University of Canterbury.
    Manouilenko, Irina
    Karolinska Institute.
    Nylander, Lena
    Lund University.
    Edgar, Johan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ariella Ritvo, Riva
    Yale University.
    Ritvo, Edward
    UCLA School of Medicine.
    Bejerot, Susanne
    Karolinska Institute.
    The Swedish Version of the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale: Revised (RAADS-R). A Validation Study of a Rating Scale for Adults2011In: Journal of autism and developmental disorders, ISSN 0162-3257, E-ISSN 1573-3432, Vol. 41, no 12, p. 1635-1645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a paucity of diagnostic instruments for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), an 80-item self-rating scale designed to assist clinicians diagnosing ASD in adults. It was administered to 75 adults with ASD and 197 comparison cases. Also, a subset completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Three out of four subscales had high internal consistency. Sensitivity was 91% and specificity was 93%. The ASD subjects had significantly higher mean scores on all subscales. ASD females had higher scores than ASD males on the sensory motor subscale, a dimension not included in the AQ. RAADS-R showed promising test re-test reliability.

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  • 483.
    Anderson, Chris
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of dermatology and venereology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    Cutaneous microdialysis: Is it worth the sweat?2006In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology, ISSN 0022-202X, E-ISSN 1523-1747, Vol. 126, no 6, p. 1207-1209Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique for chronological study of metabolic, biochemical, and pharmacological events in living tissue. In the skin, probes are placed in the dermis or subcutis for research in two main areas, percutaneous penetration and various aspects of inflammation. Advances in technique, and the concept of data generation and analysis are leading to new areas of application.

  • 484.
    Anderson, Chris
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    Dermato-Venereological Research at Linköping University2011In: Forum for Nordic Dermato-Venereology, ISSN 1402-2915, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 16-17Article, review/survey (Other academic)
  • 485.
    Anderson, Chris
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    JUST A LITTLE PRICK WITH A NEEDLE in WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION, vol 18, issue 4, pp 65-2010In: WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION, Blackwell Publishing Ltd , 2010, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 65-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 486.
    Anderson, Chris
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of dermatology and venereology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    Lindén, Maria
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    High resolution laser Doppler perfusion imaging for visualisation of changes in skin circulation after microdialysis probe insertion1996In: Jadassohn Centenary Congress,1996, 1996Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 487.
    Anderson, Chris
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of dermatology and venereology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Analysis of laser Doppler perfusion images from contact reactions1996In: Jadassohn Centenary Congress,1996, 1996Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 488.
    Anderson, Emma
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bjartmar, Carl
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Oligodendrocytens nyckelroll2000In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 97, p. 3265-3268Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 489.
    Anderson, Emma S.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Morphology of early developing oligodendrocytes in the ventrolateral chicken spinal cordManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    As observed by Del Rio-Hortega (1928), the oligodendroglial population includes Type I and 11 cells related to several thin axons, Type III cells with a few processes in relation to relatively thick axons and Type IV cells related to a single thick axon. This structural diversity of oligodendrocytes is accompanied by a molecular heterogeneity. In the chicken spinal cord oligodendrocytes have begun to contact axons at embryonic day (E)10 and compact sheaths have appeared by E12. AI the latter stage, most sheath-forming oligodendrocytes contact more than one axon. At E15, however, each sheath-forming cell seems to have developed a Schwann cell-like anatomy, being related to a single axon. Against this background, the present study examines the 3D anatomy of early developing oligodendrocytes in the chicken spinal cord. Examination of slices immunostained with antibodies against the oligodendroglial marker 04 showed that a few positive cells are at hand at E6, after which the occurrence increases with age. At E12 most immunostained cells have two or more processes. At E15 however, dye-injected oligodendrocytes have developed a Type IV structure. Between E12 and E15, mean sheath length increases some 4x, from 50 µm to over 200 flm, while the length of the spinal cord increases 36% only. Hence, early oligodendrocytes in chicken white matter develop a Type IV anatomy between E12 and E15 through an elimination of sheaths.

  • 490.
    Anderson, Emma S.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Morphology of early developing oligodendrocytes in the ventrolateral spinal cord of the chicken2003In: Journal of Neurocytology, ISSN 0300-4864, E-ISSN 1573-7381, Vol. 32, no 9, p. 1045-1053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The oligodendroglial population includes Type I and II cells related to several thin axons, Type III cells with a few processes in relation to relatively thick axons and Type IV cells related to a single thick axon. This structural diversity of oligodendrocytes is accompanied by a molecular heterogeneity. In the chicken spinal cord, oligodendrocytes have begun to contact axons at embryonic day (E)10 and compact sheaths have appeared by E12. At the latter stage, most sheath-forming oligodendrocytes contact more than one axon. At E15, however, each sheath-forming cell seems to have developed a Schwann cell-like anatomy, being related to a single axon. Based on these findings, the present study examines more thoroughly the anatomy of early developing oligodendrocytes in the chicken spinal cord. Examination of slices immunostained with antibodies against the oligodendroglial marker O4 showed that a few positive cells are present at E6, after which the occurrence increases with age. At E12 most immunostained cells have two or more processes. At E15 however, dye-injected oligodendrocytes have developed a Type IV structure. Between E12 and E15, mean sheath length increases about 4×, from 50 µm to over 200 µm, while the length of the spinal cord increases 36% only. This indicates that early oligodendrocytes in chicken white matter develop a Type IV anatomy between E12 and E15 through an elimination of sheaths.

  • 491.
    Anderson, Emma S.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    The type IV Oligodendrocyte: experimental studies on chicken white matter2002Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In mammals, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is co-produced with insulin in pancreatic ß-cells. In the chicken, the expression of IAPP in the brain is more than 10-fold higher than in the pancreas. We made the fortuitous finding that a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against chicken IAPP did not recognise the immunogen, but labelled a subpopulation of oligodendroglia! cells in chicken white matter. The hitherto unknown antigen was called T4-O (Type 4 Oligodendrocyte) since it was localised to the Schwann cell-like Type IV oligodendrocyte of Del Rio-Hortega (1928). This formed a starting point for the present thesis, which is centred on the Type IV oligodendrocyte in chicken white matter.

    Biochemical analysis of chicken spinal cord showed that the T4-O molecule is a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa and an isoelectric point of about 4. Further characterisation has not yet been possible.

    Immunohistochemical studies on frozen sections revealed that the white matter oligodendrocytes exhibit subpopulations expressing T4-O immunoreactivity strongly, weakly or not at all. Strongly T4-O immunoreactive (IR) oligodendrocytes are co-localised with thick myelinated fibres in the ventral (VF) and lateral funiculi of the spinal cord. A corresponding T4-O immunoreactivity is not found in the fish, the frog, the turtle, the rat and the rabbit.

    To find out when the T4-0 antigen first appears during development we examined sections from embryonic and post-hatching chicken spinal cords by immunohistochemistry. This showed that the T4-O molecule is first expressed in the VF at embryonic day (E)15, after which the number of IR cells increases with age. Oligodendrocytes cultivated in vitro without or with neurons do not develop a T4-O IR phenotype.

    These findings called for a closer analysis of the structural development of chicken VF white matter. Electron microscopic (EM) examination revealed a developmental sequence of events principally similar to the development of mammalian white matter, but with a more rapid time course. As seen in the electron microscope the first compact myelin has appeared by E12, when most oligodendrocytes are multipolar. By E15 it seems that these cells have developed a Type IV phenotype, possibly by eliminating some sheaths.

    Histochemical analysis of Vibratome sections showed that Marchi-positive myelinoid bodies are enriched in white matter areas containing many T4-O IR oligodendrocytes and many large myelinated axons.

    Examination of the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of early VF oligodendrocytes in Vibratome slices after 04 labelling or after intracellular injection of a fluorescent dye revealed that these units indeed are Schwann cell-like, with a start length of around 50 µm. We also found that these sheaths expand very rapidly, reaching lengths exceeding 200 µm in three days (E12- E15). The 3D data conformed to our EM evidence that the early oligodendrocytes develop a unipolar Schwann cell-like Type IV anatomy through elimination of some sheaths.

    To my knowledge the present observations represent the first evidence for an oligodendroglia! heterogeneity in the chicken spinal cord. Differences among oligodendrocytes might, conceivably, explain why inherited disorders of myelin metabolism such as Krabbe's disease, affect some CNS areas more than others.

  • 492.
    Anderson, Emma S.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bjartmar, Carl
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Westermark, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hildebrand, Claes
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Developing chicken oligodendrocytes express the type IV oligodendrocyte marker T4-O in situ, but not in vitro2000In: Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, E-ISSN 1872-7972, Vol. 284, no 1-2, p. 21-24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Accumulating data suggest that the oligodendrocyte population includes morphological and biochemical subtypes. We recently reported that a polyclonal antiserum against an unknown antigen, the T4-O molecule, labels a subpopulation of chicken oligodendrocytes, obviously representing the type IV variety of Del Rio Hortega. The present study examines the developmental expression of the T4-O molecule in situ and in vitro. The results show that T4-O immunoreactive cells first appear at E15 in the ventral funiculus. But, oligodendrocytes cultured in vitro with or without neurones do not develop a T4-O immunoreactivity. We conclude that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of chicken embryos first express the T4-O molecule some time after onset of myelination, and that the T4-O immunoreactive phenotype does not develop in vitro.

  • 493.
    Anderson, Emma S.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bjartmar, Carl
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hildebrand, Claes
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Myelination of prospective large fibres in chicken ventral funiculus2000In: Journal of Neurocytology, ISSN 0300-4864, E-ISSN 1573-7381, Vol. 29, no 10, p. 755-764Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In mammals, the oligodendrocyte population includes morphological and molecular varieties. We reported previously that an antiserum against the T4-O molecule labels a subgroup of oligodendrocytes related to large myelinated axons in adult chicken white matter. We also reported that T4-O immunoreactive cells first appear in the developing ventral funiculus (VF) at embryonic day (E)15, subsequently increasing rapidly in number. Relevant fine structural data for comparison are not available in the literature. This prompted the present morphological analysis of developing and mature VF white matter in the chicken. The first axon-oligodendrocyte connections were seen at E10 and formation of compact myelin had started at E12. Between E12 and E15 the first myelinating oligodendrocytes attained a Schwann cell-like morphology. At hatching (E21) 60% of all VF axons were myelinated and in the adult this proportion had increased to 85%. The semilunar or polygonal oligodendrocytes associated with adult myelinated axons contained many organelles indicating a vivid metabolic activity. Domeshaped outbulgings with gap junction-like connections to astrocytic profiles were frequent. Oligodendrocytes surrounded by large myelinated axons and those surrounded by small myelinated axons were cytologically similar. But, thick and thin myelin sheaths had dissimilar periodicities and Marchi-positive myelinoid bodies occurred preferentially in relation to large myelinated axons. We conclude that early oligodendrocytes contact axons and form myelin well before the first expression of T4-O and that emergence of a T4-O immunoreactivity coincides in time with development of a Type IV phenotype. Our data also show that oligodendrocytes associated with thick axons are cytologically similar to cells related to thin axons. In addition, the development of chicken VF white matter was found to be similar to the development of mammalian white matter, except for the rapid time course.

  • 494.
    Anderson, Emma S.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bjartmar, Carl
    Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institue, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
    Westermark, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hildebrand, Claes
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Molecular heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes in chicken white matter1999In: Glia, ISSN 0894-1491, E-ISSN 1098-1136, Vol. 27, no 1, p. 15-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The classical studies by Del Rio Hortega (Mem. Real. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. 14:40–122, 1928) suggest that the oligodendrocyte population includes four morphological subtypes. Recent data from the cat and the rat show that the anatomy of oligodendrocytes related to early myelinating prospective large fibers differs from that of oligodendrocytes related to late myelinating prospective small fibers. After application of a polyclonal antiserum to cryostat sections from the chicken CNS, we noted that glial cells in the spinal cord white matter had become labeled. Analysis of the occurrence and cellular localization of this immunoreactivity—the T4-O immunoreactivity—in the CNS of the adult chicken showed that T4-O immunoreactive cells are enriched in the ventral funiculus and superficially in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, where they are co-localized with large fibers. Double staining with T4-O antiserum and anti-GFAP or the lectin BSI-B4 revealed that T4-O immunoreactive cells are not astrocytes or microglia. Staining with anti-HSP108, a general marker for avian oligodendrocytes, showed that T4-O immunoreactivity defines an oligodendroglial subpopulation. A search for T4-O immunoreactivity in spinal cord white matter of some other vertebrates revealed that T4-O immunoreactive cells are not present in sections from fish, frog, turtle, rat, and rabbit spinal cord white matter. These results suggest the presence of a fiber size-related molecular heterogeneity among chicken white matter oligodendrocytes.

  • 495.
    Anderson, K S
    et al.
    Harvard University.
    Petersson, Stina
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Wong, J
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Lokko, N N
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Enerbäck, Charlotta
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology.
    Elevation of serum epidermal growth factor and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in active psoriasis vulgaris2010In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, ISSN 0007-0963, Vol. 163, no 5, p. 1085-1089Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Psoriatic plaques present a complex expression profile, including high levels of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Circulating cytokines have been suggested to reflect the activation status of the inflammatory process. Objectives To analyse 20 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in 14 patients with psoriasis vulgaris at the start and during the course of ultraviolet B treatment. Methods A multiplex cytokine assay was used. Results We identified increased serum levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (mean 323 vs. 36 6 pg mL(-1), P = 0 0001), interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (mean 39 1 vs. 14 6 pg mL(-1), P = 0 02) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (mean 7 5 vs. 4 5 pg mL(-1), P = 0 04) at baseline in patients with psoriasis compared with matched controls. None of these cytokines was correlated to the severity of the disease (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) or decreased with phototherapy, suggesting that sources other than lesional skin contribute to the production of these cytokines. Using cluster analysis, we observed coordinate upregulation of EGF, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta and vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions The sustained high expression of inflammatory circulating cytokines is a potential mechanism linking psoriasis with its extracutaneous comorbidities.

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  • 496. Anderson, Kristina
    et al.
    Rusterholz, Corinne
    Månsson, Robert
    Jensen, Christina T
    Bacos, Karl
    Sasan, Zandi
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    Sasaki, Yutaka
    Nerlov, Claus
    Sigvardsson, Mikael
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of cell biology.
    Jacobsen, Sten Eirik W
    Ectopic expression of PAX5 promotes maintenance of biphenotypic myeloid progenitors coexpressing myeloid and B-cell lineage-associated genes2007In: Blood, ISSN 0006-4971, E-ISSN 1528-0020, Vol. 109, no 9, p. 3697-3705Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The transcription factor PAX5 is a critical regulator of B-cell commitment and development. Although normally not expressed in myeloid progenitors, PAX5 has recently been shown to be frequently expressed in myeloid malignancies and to suppress expression of myeloid differentiation genes, compatible with an effect on the differentiation or maintenance of myeloid progenitors. However, previous studies in which PAX5 was ectopically expressed in normal myeloid progenitors in vivo and in vitro provided conflicting results as to the effect of PAX5 on myeloid development. Herein, we demonstrate that on ectopic expression of PAX5 in bone marrow multipotent stem/progenitor cells, cells with a biphenotypic B220+GR-1/MAC-1+ phenotype are produced. These remain cytokine-dependent, but unlike control-transduced cells they sustain long-term generation of myeloid progenitors in vitro and remain capable of myeloid differentiation. Notably, PAX5+B220+GR-1/MAC- 1+ myeloid progenitors coexpress, at the single-cell level, myeloid genes and otherwise B-cell-specific PAX5 target genes. These findings establish that ectopic expression of PAX5 introduces extensive self-renewal properties in otherwise short-lived myeloid progenitors. Along with the established ectopic expression of PAX5 in acute myeloid leukemia, this motivates a careful investigation of the potential involvement of ectopic PAX5 expression in myeloid and biphenotypic leukemias. © 2007 by The American Society of Hematology.

  • 497.
    Anderson, Tony
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology.
    Filippini, Daniel
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Physics .
    Suska, Anke
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Johansson, Therese
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology.
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Pharmacology.
    Lundström, Ingemar
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Physics .
    Frog melanophores cultured on fluorescent microbeads: Biomimic-based biosensing2005In: Biosensors & bioelectronics, ISSN 0956-5663, E-ISSN 1873-4235, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 111-120Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Melanophores are pigmented cells in lower vertebrates capable of quick color changes and thereby suitable as whole cell biosensors. In the frog dermis skin layer, the large and dark pigmented melanophore surrounds a core of other pigmented cells. Upon hormonal stimulation the black-brown pigment organelles will redistribute within the melanophore, and thereby cover or uncover the core, making complex color changes possible in the dermis. Previously, melanophores have only been cultured on flat surfaces. Here we mimic the three dimensional biological geometry in the frog dermis by culturing melanophores on fluorescent plastic microbeads. To demonstrate biosensing we use the hormones melatonin and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) as lightening or darkening stimuli, respectively. Cellular responses were successfully demonstrated on single cell level by fluorescence microscopy, and in cell suspension by a fluorescence microplate reader and a previously demonstrated computer screen photo-assisted technique. The demonstrated principle is the first step towards "single well/multiple read-out" biosensor arrays based on suspensions of different selective-responding melanophores, each cultured on microbeads with distinctive spectral characteristics. By applying small amount of a clinical sample, or a candidate substance in early drug screening, to a single well containing combinations of melanophores on beads, multiple parameter read-outs will be possible. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 498. Andersson, A
    et al.
    Carlsson, J
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Hansson, T
    Söderfeldt, B
    Comparison of sign language production and meaningless hand movements by fMRI1998Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 499.
    Andersson, A. Christer
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries: evaluation of surgical och non-surgical treatment1991Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study comprising 6 separate papers is concerned with the treatment of patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim was to compare primary surgical and non-surgical ACL treatment. Treatment was, therefore, instituted at random in all consecutive patients (n = 293) with ACL injury.

    Initially all patients were investigated by arthroscopy and examined under anesthesia.

    After 4 years patients treated by ACL repair with combined intraarticular and extraarticular augmentation had a better stability, fewer knee symptoms and a higher level of activity than patients treated by nonaugmented ACL repair or by repair of the associated injuries alone. The patients in the latter group commonly developed instability symptoms and ACL reconstruction was required in 20"7o ofthem. Also they frequently had subsequent meniscal injuries, and an impaired knee function at one-leg-hop tests for distance. Running tests, however, was not correlated to ACL treatment.

    Another group of patients with acute ACL injury did not have any primary ligamentous repair. At one year 200Jo of the patients needed reconstructive surgery. Moreover, anteriorposterior laxity at one year was increased compared to the initial measurements. The greatest initial laxity was found in patients with an associated tear of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The patients with combined ACL and MCL injuries had the worst prognosis.

    In patients with combined injuries who had primary repair of grade 2-3 MCL tears the outcome was similar as for patients with isolated ACL lesion.

    A simple device for static measurements of anterior-posterior knee displacement was valuable for evaluating the results of ACL treatment. lt can also be used as an aid in the diagnosis of acute knee injury.

  • 500. Andersson, A
    et al.
    Ekberg, Kerstin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, National Centre for Work and Rehabilitation.
    Enthoven, Paul
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Kjellman, Görel
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Ockander, Marlene
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society.
    Skargren, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Åkerlind, Ingemar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Public Health Sciences, Centre for Public Health Sciences.
    Vad är en god arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering? Slutsatser baserade på en litteratursammanställning2003Report (Other academic)
78910111213 451 - 500 of 18134
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