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  • 401.
    Alm Carlsson, Gudrun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Chan, HP
    Commentary: progress in optimization of patient dose and image quality in x-ray diagnostics.1999In: Physics in Medicine and Biology, ISSN 0031-9155, E-ISSN 1361-6560, Vol. 44Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 402.
    Alm Carlsson, Gudrun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Ekberg, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Helmrot, Ebba
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindström, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lund, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Matscheko, Georg
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Persliden, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Sandborg, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Stenström, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radio Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Monte Carlo metoden: ett verktyg inom strålningsfysiken1995Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta kompendium är tänkt att användas som ett propedeutiskt kursmaterial för kursdeltagare i kursen "Monte Carlo simulering av foton- och elektrontransport vid diagnostiska och radioterapeutiska strålkvaliteter".

    Först följer en kort repetition av den grundläggande statistik som utnyt1jas i beräkningarna. Därefter följer en beskrivning av slumptal. det fundament som metoden bygger på. Vidare beskrivs val ur olika frekvensfunktioner. Valet kan även göras ur så kallade falska fördelningar för att reducera variansen i den skattade storheten. Metoderna belyses i ett avsnitt om problemlösningsmetodik. först i allmänna termer för att sen gå in på ett specifikt problem (Buffons nålproblem) där en analys och strukturering av problemet görs varefter flödesschema och kodning exemplifieras. Så följer två moment där en beskrivning görs av färderna av fotoner respektive elektroner genom materia. För elektronfärderna gör man en indelning i klass 1- och klass II-färder. Vad detta innebär och hur deltapartiklar tas om hand beskrivs i ett kapitel. Till sist kommer en kort introduktion till de tre laborationerna med laborationshandledningar. Speciell vikt har lagts vid att initiera laboranten att fundera på fysiken i de simulerade experimenten.

    Detta kompendium har tillkommit som examinationsarbete vid en kurs i "Monte Carlo simulering av foton- och elektrontransport vid diagnostiska och radioterapeutiska strålkvaliteter", med andra ord den kurs du själv nu ämnar studera. Författarna önskar dig lycka till med kursen och hoppas att du kommer att få glädje av den. Speciellt hoppas vi att denna skrift ska underlätta för dig att tillgodogöra dig informationen vid föreläsningarna och under laborationerna.

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    Monte Carlo metoden : ett verktyg inom strålningsfysiken
  • 403.
    Almborg, Ann-Helene
    et al.
    Socialstyrelsen.
    Bolic, Vedrana
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Health, Activity, Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Haglund, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Health, Activity, Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    ICF/ICF-CY utbildningsmaterial. Del 1- Introduktion av modell, struktur och innehåll.2011Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Utbildningsmaterialet om de internationella klassifikationerna ICF och ICF-CY ger information om deras struktur och innehåll samt hur koderna kan användas för att beskriva funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa. Utbildningsmaterialet är gjort för personal i olika verksamheter inom vård och omsorg och kan användas både enskilt och i grupp. Den första delen av materialet beskriver klassifikationens struktur och innehåll samt modellen den bygger på. Den andra delen handlar om hur man kan använda koderna i sitt arbete.

  • 404.
    Almborg, Ann-Helene
    et al.
    Socialstyrelsen .
    Bolic, Vedrana
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Health, Activity, Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Haglund, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Health, Activity, Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    ICF/ICF-CY utbildningsmaterial. Del 2- Kodning.2011Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Utbildningsmaterialet om de internationella klassifikationerna ICF och ICF-CY ger information om deras struktur och innehåll samt hur koderna kan användas för att beskriva funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa. Utbildningsmaterialet är gjort för personal i olika verksamheter inom vård och omsorg och kan användas både enskilt och i grupp. Den första delen av materialet beskriver klassifikationens struktur och innehåll samt modellen den bygger på. Den andra delen handlar om hur man kan använda koderna i sitt arbete.

  • 405.
    Alm-Carlsson, Gudrun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radiation Physics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Bergman, Ronny
    Harms-Ringdahl, Mats
    Swarén, Ulla
    The Swedish ICRP Project (SwIP) : a radiological protection policy under discussion2002Report (Other academic)
  • 406.
    Almeida, A. M.
    et al.
    CVZ Centre Vet and Zootecnia, Portugal; CIISA Centre Interdisciplinar Invest Sanidade Anim, Portugal; UNL, Portugal; IBET Institute Biol Expt and Tecnol, Portugal.
    Bassols, A.
    University of Autonoma Barcelona, Spain.
    Bendixen, E.
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Bhide, M.
    University of Vet Medical and Pharm, Slovakia.
    Ceciliani, F.
    University of Milan, Italy.
    Cristobal, Susana
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Basque Country, Spain.
    Eckersall, P. D.
    University of Glasgow, Scotland.
    Hollung, K.
    Nofima AS, Norway.
    Lisacek, F.
    Swiss Institute Bioinformat, Switzerland.
    Mazzucchelli, G.
    University of Liege, Belgium.
    McLaughlin, M.
    University of Glasgow, Scotland.
    Miller, I.
    University of Vet Med, Austria.
    Nally, J. E.
    ARS, IA 50010 USA.
    Plowman, J.
    AgResearch, New Zealand.
    Renaut, J.
    Centre Rech Public Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg.
    Rodrigues, P.
    University of Algarve, Portugal.
    Roncada, P.
    University of Milan, Italy.
    Staric, J.
    University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    Turk, R.
    University of Zagreb, Croatia.
    Animal board invited review: advances in proteomics for animal and food sciences2015In: Animal, ISSN 1751-7311, E-ISSN 1751-732X, Vol. 9, no 1Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Animal production and health (APH) is an important sector in the world economy, representing a large proportion of the budget of all member states in the European Union and in other continents. APH is a highly competitive sector with a strong emphasis on innovation and, albeit with country to country variations, on scientific research. Proteomics (the study of all proteins present in a given tissue or fluid - i.e. the proteome) has an enormous potential when applied to APH. Nevertheless, for a variety of reasons and in contrast to disciplines such as plant sciences or human biomedicine, such potential is only now being tapped. To counter such limited usage, 6 years ago we created a consortium dedicated to the applications of Proteomics to APH, specifically in the form of a Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, termed FA1002 - Proteomics in Farm Animals: www.cost-faproteomics.org. In 4 years, the consortium quickly enlarged to a total of 31 countries in Europe, as well as Israel, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. This article has a triple purpose. First, we aim to provide clear examples on the applications and benefits of the use of proteomics in all aspects related to APH. Second, we provide insights and possibilities on the new trends and objectives for APH proteomics applications and technologies for the years to come. Finally, we provide an overview and balance of the major activities and accomplishments of the COST Action on Farm Animal Proteomics. These include activities such as the organization of seminars, workshops and major scientific conferences, organization of summer schools, financing Short-Term Scientific Missions (STSMs) and the generation of scientific literature. Overall, the Action has attained all of the proposed objectives and has made considerable difference by putting proteomics on the global map for animal and veterinary researchers in general and by contributing significantly to reduce the East-West and North-South gaps existing in the European farm animal research. Future activities of significance in the field of scientific research, involving members of the action, as well as others, will likely be established in the future.

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  • 407.
    Almen-Christensson, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hammar, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Lindh-Åstrand, Lotta
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Department of Medical Specialist.
    Prevention of menstrual migraine with perimenstrual transdermal 17-beta-estradiol: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study2011In: Fertility and Sterility, ISSN 0015-0282, E-ISSN 1556-5653, Vol. 96, no 2, p. 498-500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    he effect of treatment with percutaneous E(2) (100 mu g/24 h) during 2 weeks perimenstrually on the number and severity of menstrual migraine attacks was studied in 27 women in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. We were not able to demonstrate any difference between E(2) supplementation and placebo on the number or severity of migraine attacks, but both regimens showed significant effects compared with before treatment.

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    fulltext
  • 408.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, GE: gastromed.
    Genetiskt genombrott 2: NOD2-genen och Crohns sjukdom2001In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 98, p. 3809-3809Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 409.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, GE: gastromed.
    Genetiskt genombrott vid inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom.2001In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 98, p. 2795-2795Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 410.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Novel Strategies in the Thiopurine Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease2010In: Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids, ISSN 1525-7770, E-ISSN 1532-2335, Vol. 29, no 04-Jun, p. 267-277Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thiopurine drugs are widely used as immunomodulatory and corticosteroid-sparing agents in inflammatory bowel disease. Despite being old drugs, a renewed research and clinical interest in their application has emerged during the last decade. The application of pharmacogenetic insights and metabolic monitoring, together with treatment strategies in combination with anti-TNF-antibodies and possibilities to modulate their metabolism, has paved the way to a omoderno use of the thiopurines. These aspects are briefly overviewed herein.

  • 411.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, GE: gastromed.
    När dimman lättar. Artikelserie "Aktuellt om inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom"2001In: Patientkanalen, ISSN 1403-7149Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 412.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ulcerative colitis: Imaging of inflammation1995Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflannnatory disorder of unknown origin engaging the large bowel. Based on the need for accurate assessment of inflammation, three different non-invasive techniques, two leukocyte scintigraphy techniques and one radiological method, were evaluated in the assessment of active inflammation in altogether 131 patients with ulcerative colitis. Results were compared to those of endoscopy with biopsy, and with histopathological grading of depth of ulceration in colectomy specimens. Nine non-inflamed controls were also included

    Leukoeyte scintigraphy using technetium-99m exarnetazime-labelled lenkocytes was found to reliably differ between patients with and without colonic inflammation. A good correlation existed between a simple visual scoring system of lenkocyte scans and colonic inflannnation viewed endoscopically and histologically in ulcerative colitis. In active disease, inflammation was better visualized with technetiurn-99m exametazimelabelled leukocytes than with technetium-99m anti-granulocyte antibody BW 250/183.

    Air enema radiology was of value in estimating severe mucosal inflammation in acute ulcerative colitis. Presence of faecal residue or a normal air enema film were associated with normal or only mildly inflamed mucosa at colonoscopy, i.e. a friable or ulcerated mucosa can be excluded. The absence of faecal residue or an abnormal finding at air enema X-ray were predictive of endoscopically inflamed mucosa. Air enema radiology underestimated the extent of inflannnation compared to endoscopy or lenkocyte scintigraphy. Air enema radiology was able to demonstrate presence of deep histopathological ulceration in the colectomy specimens from patients with an acute attack of ulcerative colitis.

    In conclusion, scintigraphy with technetium-99m exarnetazime-labelled lenkocytes can be applied in excluding or confirming bowel inflammation in individual patients, and, in assessing intensity and extent of ulcerative colitis. Air enema radiology should be a first-line investigation in acute colitis to assess the presence of mucosal or deeper ulceration.

  • 413.
    Almer, Sven
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Befrits, R.
    Gastrocentrum medicin, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna, Sweden.
    Eriksson, A.S.
    Medicinkliniken, Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Halfvarson, J.
    Sektionen för gastroenterologi, Medicinska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hindorf, U.
    VO gastroenterologi, Universitetssjukhuset i Lund, Sweden.
    Lofberg, R.
    IBD-enheten, Sophiahemmet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Modern läkemedelsterapi vid crohn - Nationella riktlinjer2009In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 106, no 45, p. 2988-2993Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Lättanvända begrepp och definitioner på sjukdomsaktivitet och behandlingseffekt bör få ökad spridning inom sjukvården.

    Majoriteten av patienter med Crohns sjukdom behöver långvarig läkemedelsbehandling, och ungefär hälften genomgår en eller flera operationer någon gång under sjukdomstiden.

    Det är viktigt att tidigt i sjukdomsförloppet identifiera riskfaktorer för utveckling av komplicerad och aggressiv sjukdom och behandla intensivt i dessa fall.

    En aktiv strategi med regelbundet övervägande av tillgängliga behandlingsalternativ medför att de flesta patienter med Crohns sjukdom behåller en god livskvalitet.

  • 414.
    Almer, Sven
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Granerus, Göran
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Clinical Physiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Ström, Magnus
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Olaison, Gunnar
    Bonnet, Joëlle
    Lémann, Marc
    Smedh, Kennet
    Franzén, Lennart
    Bertheau, Philippe
    Cattan, Pierre
    Rain, Jean-Didier
    Modigliani, Robert
    Leukocyte scintigraphy compared to intraoperative small bowel enteroscopy and laparotomy findings in Crohn's disease2007In: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, ISSN 1078-0998, E-ISSN 1536-4844, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 164-174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Leukocyte scintigraphy is a noninvasive investigation to assess inflammation. We evaluated the utility of labeled leukocytes to detect small bowel inflammation and disease complications in Crohn's disease and compared it to whole small bowel enteroscopy and laparotomy findings. Methods: Scintigraphy with technetium-99m exametazime-labeled leukocytes was prospectively performed in 48 patients with Crohn's disease a few days before laparotomy, 41 also had an intraoperative small bowel enteroscopy. The same procedures were performed in 8 control patients. Independent grading of scans was compared with the results of enteroscopy and with surgical, histopathologic, and clinical data. Results: In the 8 control patients leukocyte scan, endoscopy, and histopathology were all negative for the small bowel. In patients with Crohn's disease and small bowel inflammation seen at enteroscopy and/or laparotomy (n = 39) the scan was positive in 33. In 8 patients without macroscopic small bowel inflammation, the scan was positive for the small bowel in 3 patients, at histology, 2 of 3 had inflammation. When combining results for patients and controls, the sensitivity of leukocyte scan for macroscopically evident small bowel inflammation was 0.85, specificity 0.81, accuracy 0.84, positive predictive value 0.92, and negative predictive value 0.68. Scintigraphy detected inflammatory lesions not known before laparotomy in 16 of 47 (34%) Crohn's disease patients and showed uptake in 25 of 35 (71 %) bowel strictures. It was diagnostic regarding 4 of 8 abscesses and 9 of 15 fistulas. In 6 patients (13%) lesions first demonstrated by leukocyte scintigraphy were treated during the surgery performed. Conclusions: Leukocyte scintigraphy reliably detects small bowel inflammation in Crohn's disease. It gives additional information on the presence of inflammatory lesions in a fraction of patients planned for surgery. Copyright © 2006 Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc.

  • 415.
    Almer, Sven
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Hindorf, U
    Inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom (IBD) och biologiska läkemedel2008Report (Other academic)
  • 416.
    Almer, Sven
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hjortswang, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hindorf , U
    Lund University.
    6-Thioguanine therapy in Crohns disease-Observational data in Swedish patients2009In: Digestive and Liver Disease, ISSN 1590-8658, E-ISSN 1878-3562, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 194-200Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: Adverse events (AE) leading to discontinuation or dose-reduction of thiopurine therapy (TP) occur in 9-28% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) has been proposed as an alternative treatment in patients intolerant for azathioprine (AZA), but some concerns have been raised about drug safety.

    Methods: We evaluated in a prospective manner the tolerance and efficacy of 6-TG in 23 Crohns disease (CD) patients (13 men, median age 41 (19-65) years) with prior intolerance (n = 18) or resistance (It = 5) to AZA and/or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In addition, eight patients had tried mycophenolate mofetil. Seventeen patients (74%) had undergone intestinal resection, often several times.

    Results: Patients were treated with a median daily dose of 40 mg 6-TG (range 20-60) for 259 (15-2272) days. Seven of 13 patients (54%) with active disease went into remission after 8 (4-26) weeks. Sixteen patients (70%) experienced AE that lead to discontinuation (n=10) after 85 (15-451) days or dose reduction (n=6) after 78 (10-853) days. Ten of 18 patients (56%) with prior TP-intolerance discontinued 6-TG treatment due to AE compared to none of five patients with TP-resistance (p=0.046). Of 13 patients that tolerated 6-TG, eight discontinued the drug due to therapeutic failure (n=5) or safety concerns (n=3). Eight patients (35%) continued treatment beyond 12 months. There was no significant difference in maximum thioguanine nucleotide levels between patients with AE leading to discontinuation/dose reduction and patients without AE, 652 (99-2488) vs. 551 (392-1574) pmol/8 x 10(8) RBC; p=0.80.

    Conclusions: In this cohort of CD patients with severe disease failing traditional thiopurine treatment, a small fraction (22%) had long-term benefit of 6-TG-treatment. 6-TG therapy seems to offer a limited therapeutic gain for patients intolerant to both AZA and 6-MP and other treatment options should be considered.

  • 417.
    Almer, Sven
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tysk, Curt
    Sektionen för gastroenterologi, medicinska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Örebro .
    Andersson, Magnus V.
    Kirurgiska kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset, Örebro.
    Befrits, Ragnar
    Gastrocentrum medicin, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna.
    Hertervig, Erik
    VO gastroenterologi och nutrition, Universitetssjukhuset , Lund.
    Kilander, Anders
    Sektionen för gastroenterologi, Sahlgrenska universitetsjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Lindgren, Stefan
    Sektionen för gastroenterologi, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, Malmö.
    Suhr, Ole
    Sektionen för gastroenterologi, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå.
    Handläggning av svårt skov av ulcerös kolit. In: Löfberg R (ed): Inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom.2010In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 106, no 45, p. 62-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Patienter med svårt skov av ulcerös kolit bör vårdas på sjukhus och handläggas av gastroenterolog och kolorektal kirurg i nära samarbete.

    Skovets svårighetsgrad kan underskattas, varför noggrann bedömning av inflammationens utbredning och svårighetsgrad enligt validerade kriterier är viktigt.

    Intravenös behandling med kortikosteroider är en av hörn­stenarna i den akuta behandlingen.

    Patienter som inte förbättras på denna behandling, bör erbjudas medicinsk »rescue-behandling« eller kolektomi.

    Infliximab har visats vara en effektiv rescue-behandling och kan minska behovet av kol­ektomi inom de första 3 månaderna och upp till 3 år.

  • 418.
    Almlöv, J
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Foldemo, Anniqa
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Vägledd självhjälp vid depression - en pilotstudie av Internet-och telefonbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi inom primärvården.2009Report (Other academic)
  • 419.
    Almqvist, Bengt
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Arlinger, Stig
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Handbok i hörselmätning1990Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna bok ger en grundläggande kunskap om hörseln samt förmedlar förutsättningar för olika hörselmätmetoder. Viktiga inslag är felkällor vid hörselmätning, tolkning av mätresultat och lämplig teststrategi i olika tillämpningar. Inläst ur LIC, 1990

  • 420.
    Almqvist, Bengt
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Arlinger, Stig
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Metodbok i praktisk hörselmätning1983Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna bok är avsedd att användas vid utbildning av audionomer. Den kan dessutom vara en viktig referenskälla för alla övriga yrkesgrupper inom hörselvården. De metodbeskrivningar som presenteras i boken har goda förutsättningar att bidra till förbättrad hörselmätning

  • 421.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin subclass-distributions and serologic markers in some renal and systemic disorders2000Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study we evaluated pathogenetic factors and possible mediators of renal and systemic disorders where immunologic mechanisms might be of importance.

    An abberant immunoglobulin and IgG-subclass distribution was detected in 103 patients with primary and secondary glomerulonephritis as well as in 38 patients with the systemic disease primary Sjögren 's syndrome or purpura hypergammaglobulinemica (elevated IgG1 and low IgG2 ).

    The drug hydralazine, an anti-hypertensive, was considered to cause renal disease on an immunologic base in 17 patients, with autoantibody production (mainly ANA and antibodies to myeloperoxidase).

    Dialysis-patients showed adequate antibody responses to vaccination against pneumococci but low responses against hepatitis B, while the IgG-subclass response of the hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBs) was low, but not shown to be significantly different from that of healthy adults.

    A therapeutical removal of igG-antibodies with immunoadsorption or plasmapheresis was considered to have a possible adjuvant effect to medical immunosuppressive treatment alone in 44 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common in dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. In 20 anti-HCV positive sera from 1988-91 recombinant immunoblott assay (RIBA) was positive in 8 cases and indeterminate in 7, while HCV RNA was present in 13/20 tested sera. In October 1991 17% of our hemodialysis patients were verified or suspected carriers while 11% were verified or suspected carriers in January 1997. Genotype 2b was found in 13/24 tested cases and in 7 amplifiable 2b sequences a strong phylogenetic relationship occurred. In 8 out of 12 RIBA-3 indeterminate sera HCV-RNA was still positive. Awareness and preventive measures limited transmission between patients.

    Indeterminate RlBA-results should, also with modem assays, be regarded with caution due to the relative immunodeficiency of uremic patients.

    In conclusion renal and systemic diseases may affect the serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G-subclasses, while a study of the specific antibody subclass distributions (anti-HBs) showed no difference in renal (dialysis) patients and healthy adults. Medication (hydralazine) and infection may be triggering factors of various forms of glomerulonephritis. Uremia affects the antibody responses to hepatitis C in dialysis patients. The extent of renal disease as well as the possibility of therapeutic removal of antibodies is also important for the immunologic responses of such disorders.

  • 422.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Nysmitta av hepatit C på dialysavdelning. En fallbeskrivning.2007In: Smittskydd, ISSN 1401-0690, Vol. 44, p. 10-11Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 423.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Axelsson, T.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Müssener, E.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Grodzinsky, Ewa
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Midhagen, Gunnar
    Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospital of Örebro, Sweden.
    Olcén, Per
    Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Lidköping.
    Increased Prevalence of Anti-Gliadin IgA-Antibodies with Aberrant Duodenal Histopathological Findings in Patients with IgA-Nephropathy and Related Disorders2006In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 111, no 3, p. 339-352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Antibodies present in coeliac disease may occur in IgA-nephropathy. This raises the question of food intolerance in the disease. Evidence for a true correlation between the two disorders has however been scarce.

    Design: Sera from 89 patients with IgA-nephropathy and 13 other patients with IgA deposits in the glomeruli of kidney biopsies were analysed for IgA-antibodies to gliadin, endomysium and tissue transglutaminase (92/102 patients).

    Results: Eleven out of 89 (12.4%) of the patients with IgA-nephropathy and five of the 13 others (38%) had elevated titres of IgA-antibodies to gliadin but, in all cases but one, normal IgA-antibodies to endomysium. Patients with IgA-nephropathy and elevated IgA-antibodies to gliadin had elevated total serum IgA more frequently than patients who had not (p<0.01). Two patients with IgA-nephropathy and one with Hennoch Schönlein's purpura had elevated IgA-antibodies to tissue transglutaminase.

    Small bowel biopsy in 7 out of 11 IgA-antibodies to gliadin positive patients with IgA-nephropathy was pathologic in three cases (two with Marsh I). One patient with chronic glomerulnephritis also had Marsh I.

    Conclusions: We found no increased frequency of verified coeliac disease in 89 patients with IgA-nephropathy. Two patients with IgA-nephropathy and one patient with chronic glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits in the kidney biopsy had a Marsh I histopathology. The findings suggest a possible link of celiac disease to IgA-nephropathy and a role for antibodies to food antigens in this disorder.

  • 424.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Berlin, Gösta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Andersson, Bengt
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Hahn-Zoric, Mirjana
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Long-term treatment results and the immunoglobulin G subclass distribution patterns of proteinase-3-antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) and myeloperoxidase-ANCA in ANCA-associated vasculitis2009In: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, ISSN 0036-5599, E-ISSN 1651-2065, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 160-170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Small vessel vasculitis associated with antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm antigens has been denominated antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

    Material and methods: Ninety-eight patients with various forms of AAV with renal involvement were studied retrospectively with regard to treatment, side-effects and outcome. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass distribution patterns in serum were determined in 51 patients with nephelometry and those of anti-proteinase-3 (PR3) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) in 44 patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

    Results: Fifty-nine patients with a mean age of 63 years were given treatment with intermittent intravenous regimens of cyclophosphamide and continuous corticosteroids, whereas 39 patients with a mean age of 58 years were given continuous oral treatment. Malignancy, mainly due to skin tumours, was more common in AAV than in the general population. The total IgG subclass distribution pattern was asymmetric. The response to PR3 was of IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 isotypes, while IgG1 and IgG3 predominated in the response to MPO.

    Conclusion: The aberrant IgG subclass distribution pattern detected in the autoantibodies may be of importance in the pathogenesis of AAV.

  • 425.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Ekermo, B
    Åkerlind, B
    Månsson, A-S
    Widell, A-S
    Detection and prevention of hepatitis C in a nephrology unit 1997 - 2002. Further follow up and description of a case with nosocimial transmission2004In: Kidney International 2004,2004, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 426.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ekermo, Bengt
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Immunology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Isaksson, B.
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kaijser, B.
    Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Sahlgren´s University Hospital/Göteborg University.
    Sällberg, M.
    Department of Clinical Virology, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Uhlin, F.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    The Immunoglobulin G Subclass Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine and the Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides in Dialysis PatientsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We examined the response to hepatitis B vaccination in dialysis patients, and evaluated our vaccination program to hepatitis B virus. No new cases of hepatitis B occurred during the study period, i.e. from 1980 and onwards. Sera were analyzed for anti-HBs in 25 dialysis patients vaccinated at least three times against hepatitis B and 53 health care staff vaccinated three times. The IgG subclass distribution of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was determined in 11 dialysis patients and in 45 healthy controls. The antibody response to pneumococci was determined in 29 vaccinated patients.

    Results: Ten of 25 (40%) of the dialysis patients had anti-HBs when both tests after the third and/or fourth injections were considered. In four patients a fourth injection was cancelled due to transplantation or bad health, while such data were lacking in 8 cases. In staff 49/53 (93%) of the persons responded with anti-HBs production. In anti-HBs positive patients and controls a significant difference in the response of healthy adults was observed in anti-HBs IgG 1 (p<0.001) vs all other IgG subclasses. Dialysis patients had low levels, or negative findings, in all cases, with lgGI as the highest proportion found (3/11 patients). An antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination was registred in 25 out of 29 dialysis patients (in all 86 %).Dialysis patients respond poorly to hepatitis B vaccine. An anti-HBs subclass response mainly restricted to IgG I was observed in healthy adults, while dialysis patients had low or negative test results affecting all subclasses.

    The findings suggest a general deficit in the ability to produce anti-HBs rather than a deficit in the production of a specific subclass of this antibody. Moreover, RBV-vaccination schedules in renal transplant recipients should be started early, as some patients otherwise, due to transplantation or bad health, may not receive a fourth injection.

    The antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination indicates that the antigen involved is important in vaccination responses in dialysis patients.

  • 427.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ekermo, Bengt
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Immunology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Månsson, A-S.
    Department of Clinical Virology, University Hospital of Malmö, Sweden.
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Widell, A.
    Department of Clinical Virology, University Hospital of Malmö, Sweden.
    Detection and prevention of hepatitis C in dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients: A long-term follow up (1989–January 1997)2002In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 251, no 2, p. 119-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Hepatitis C is frequent problem in dialysis wards.

    Design.  A long time (1989–97) follow up of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a Swedish nephrology unit was performed with anti-HCV screening, confirmatory antibody tests, viral RNA detection and molecular characterization. Case histories were reviewed with focus, onset of infection, liver morbidity and mortality.

    Results.  In October 1991, 10% (19 of 184) of the patients in the unit (haemodialysis-, peritoneal dialysis and transplanted patients) were verified or suspected HCV carriers, whilst the number at the end of 1996 was 8% (13 of 157). Most patients were infected before 1991 but only in one case from a known HCV-infected blood donor. No new HCV infections associated with haemodialysis occurred during the study period. A total of 13 of 24 viremic patients had HCV genotype 2b, a pattern suggesting nosocomial transmission. This was further supported by phylogenetic analysis of HCV viral isolates in seven. HCV viremia was also common in patients with an incomplete anti-HCV antibody pattern as 8 of the 12 indeterminant sera were HCV-RNA positive.

    Conclusions.  Awareness, prevention, identification of infected patients and donor testing limited transmission. Indeterminant recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA)-results should be regarded with caution as a result of the relative immunodeficiency in uremic patients. Our data indicate nosocomial transmission in several patients.

  • 428.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Ekermo, Bengt
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Transfusion Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Åkerlind, Britt
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Månsson, Ann-Sofie
    Malmö University Hospital.
    Widell, Anders
    Malmö University Hospital.
    Monitoring hepatitis C infection in a major Swedish nephrology unit and molecular resolution of a new case of nosocomial transmission.2010In: Journal of medical virology, ISSN 1096-9071, Vol. 82, no 2, p. 249-256Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a frequent problem in hemodialysis units. The prevalence and incidence of HCV infection over a decade were studied in a nephrology unit affected by previous nosocomial HCV transmission. The HCV non-structural 5B protein gene was sequenced to achieve phylogenetic analysis of a new (incident) case of infection. Proportions of patients who were and were not infected with HCV remained similar over the period, as did the inflow and outflow of patients infected previously. In 1997, 12/157 (8%) of patients at the unit (treatment: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplant recipients) were positive in HCV RNA, whereas in 2007 the overall number was 9/239 (4%). One patient acquired an HCV infection, and the NS5B sequence in that case clustered with genotype 2b sequences found in patients from an earlier outbreak. Comparing the HCV from the incident patient with several stored longitudinal samples and cloned PCR products from the most likely source patient revealed close phylogenetic relationship with an HCV quasispecies member from the possible source. The source patient and the incident newly infected patient were not scheduled on the same dialysis shift, although the records showed that simultaneous treatment occurred on two occasions during the months preceding transmission. In conclusion, over the 10-year period, the proportion of HCV-infected patients at the unit was unchanged. Only one new infection occurred, which originated from a fellow patient's quasispecies. This establishes phylogenetic analysis as a valuable tool for tracing patient sources of HCV transmission.

  • 429.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Nephrology.
    Eneström, S.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hed, J.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Immunology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Samuelsson, I.
    Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine. Örebro Medical Centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sjöström, P.
    Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine. Örebro Medical Centre, Örebro, Sweden.
    Autoantibodies to leucocyte antigens in hydralazine-associated nephritis1992In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 231, no 1, p. 37-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Clinical and laboratory findings and drug history were studied in 17 patients with suspected hydralazine-associated nephritis, five of whom only had renal disease, while twelve also had extrarenal manifestations. Renal biopsies revealed extracapillary proliferative or focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis in 10 patients, and tubulo-interstitial nephritis in five patients. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was found in 16 patients, but none of the 14 patients tested had antibodies to DNA. Tests for antibodies to myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) and antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm antigen (ANCA) were performed by ELISA. Twelve of the 14 patients tested had anti-MPO; five of these 14 patients had ANCA, while one had borderline levels. These findings suggest that hydralazine facilitates the induction of a systemic disease with multiple autoantibody production.

  • 430.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Eriksson, Per
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Berlin, G
    Andersson, B
    Hahn-Zoric, M
    Långtidsresultat av cyklofosfamidbehandling vid ANCA-associerad systemisk vaskulit med njurengagemang2004In: Svenska Läkaresällskapets,2004, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 431.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Eriksson, Per
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Berlin, G
    Hahn-Zoric, M
    Andersson, B
    Cyklophosphamide pulse treatment and infections in systemic vasculitis with renal involvement2004In: JASN 15 2004,2004, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 432.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Geogrsson, T
    Mussener, E
    Grodzinsky, Ewa
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Malmsten, G
    Olcen, P
    Increased prevalence of antigliadine IgA-antibodies in patients with IgA-nephropathy2004In: Kidney International 2004,2004, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 433.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Lindell, Å
    Åselius, H
    Sörén, Lars
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Svensson, L
    Hultman, Per
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular and Immunological Pathology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Eribe, ERK
    Olsen, I
    Acute glomerulonephritis associated with streptococcus pyogenes with concomitant spread of streptococcus constellatus in four rural families2005In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 110, no 3, p. 217-231Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We studied history, renal histopathology and microbiology of an epidemic of acute glomerulonephritis associated with throat infections and uncommon culture results in four neighbour families. A 40-year-old man (index patient) was referred to a university hospital for dialysis and kidney biopsy due to a suspected acute glomerulonephritis. An acute tonsillitis had preceded the condition. Penicillin treatment had been started four days before the discovery of renal failure. Throat swabs were positive for β-hemolytic streptococci, group C (GCS). GCS were also found in throat cultures from his wife and two of their children. The bacteria were typed as Streptococcus constellatus. A third child had S. constellatus expressing Lancefield antigen group G. A neighbour and two of his children fell ill the following week with renal involvement. Throat swabs from both these children were positive for S. constellatus. His third child had erythema multiforme and S. constellatus in the throat while a fourth child had β-hemolytic streptococci group A, Streptococcus pyogenes. Kidney biopsies on the index patient and his neighbour showed an acute diffuse prolipherative glomerulonephritis compatible with acute post-streptococcal nephritis and microbiological analysis of renal tissue revealed in both cases S. pyogenes and S. constellatus. The families had had much contact and had consumed unpasteurized milk from our index patient's farm. In four of seven persons in two additional neighbouring families S. constellatus was found in throat swabs during the same month while two persons carried Streptococcus anginosus expressing the Lancefield C antigen. In conclusion spread of S. constellatus coincided with the occurrence of four cases of acute glomerulonephritis. The two biopsied patients had both S. pyogenes and S. constellatus present in renal tissue. The epidemic either suggested that the outbreak of glomerulonephritis was due to S. pyogenes but coincided with the transmission and colonization of S. constellatus or that the S. constellatus strains were highly pathogenic or nephritogenic and that this organism can be transmitted in such cases.

  • 434.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Lonn, J
    University of Örebro, Sweden .
    Uhlin, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Brudin, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Andersson, B
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden .
    Hahn-Zoric, M
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden .
    Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interleukin-6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor. Inflammation Markers in Chronic Haemodialysis Patients?2013In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 78, no 3, p. 285-290Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sera from 84 haemodialysis (HD) patients and 68 healthy blood donors were analysed with commercially available ELISA techniques for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (Il-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), to find a possible correlation of FGF-23 and HGF with the earlier recognized inflammatory markers Il-6 and hs-CRP or suPAR. All patients studied had significantly elevated levels of FGF-23, HGF, hs-CRP and suPAR as compared to the controls. Il-6 and hs-CRP correlated for patients (R=0.6) as well as for patients and controls altogether. Ln (natural logarithm) of HGF correlated weakly with Ln Il-6 and Ln CRP (R 0.28-0.37). Ln FGF-23 correlated only with Ln HGF (r=-0.25) in controls. Ln HGF correlated with ln suPAR (r=0.6) in both patients and controls. Although elevated as compared to controls, we found no correlation of FGF-23 with the recognized inflammatory markers Il-6, hs-CRP, nor HGF or the new marker suPAR in HD patients. Ln HGF correlated with Ln Il-6, Ln CRP and Ln suPAR. Although probably involved in vessel disease, FGF-23 and HGF may play other roles than acting in inflammatory vessel disease in HD patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of these immunological markers in chronic haemodialysis patients with atherosclerosis.

  • 435.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Lönn, J
    School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden.
    Uhlin, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Brudin, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Andersson, B
    Hahn-Zoric, M
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Tillväxtfaktorer och inflammationsmarkörer vid kronisk njursvikt2013In: Njurmedicinskt vårmöte Jönköping 12-14 maj 2013, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 436.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Uhlin, F
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Ekermo, Bengt
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Isaksson, Barbro
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Kaijser, B
    Andersson, B
    Hahn-Zoric, M
    Sällberg, M
    Perspectives on hepatitis B infections and the efficacy of vaccination (hepatitis B and pneumococci) in dialysis patients2003In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 108, no 1, p. 61-74Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hepatitis B is a well known problem in dialysis units. We therefore examined the historical frequency of hepatitis B carriers in our unit, our vaccination program to hepatitis B virus (HBV), the response to hepatitis B vaccine, the IgG subclass response of anti-HBs and the response and IgG subclass response to pneumococcal vaccination (another vaccine) in dialysis patients. From 1970 and onwards 23 HBV carriers were found, but no new cases of hepatitis B occurred during the study period, i.e. from 1980 and onwards.Only one of the carriers was alive by the end of 2001. In four patients liver disease(in one of them liver cirrhosis) may have been a concomitant cause of death. The antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine was significantly lower in patients than in staff. In four patients a fourth injection was cancelled due to transplantation and bad health, while such data were lacking in 8 cases. In anti-HBs positive patients and controls a significant difference in the response of healthy adults was observed in anti-HBs IgG1 (p<0.001) vs all other IgG subclasses. Dialysis patients had low levels, or negative findings, in all cases, with IgG1 as the highest proportion found (3/11 patients). An antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination was registered in 25 out of 29 dialysis patients (in all 86 %). The IgG-subclass vaccination response to pneumococci in 28 dialysis patients was mainly IgG2 and IgG1 but also occurred in IgG3 and IgG4. Prevaccination antibody levels of the controls were higher in IgG1 and IgG2 (p< 0.01) (n=21) than in dialysis patients (n=28). Hepatitis B is nowadays a rare, but still dangerous disease in nephrology units. Dialysis patients have a reduced response to hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination schedules should be started early as some patients otherwise may not receive a fourth injection. The adequate antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination mainly due to IgG2 and IgG1 antibodies indicates that the antigen involved is important in vaccination responses in dialysis patients.

  • 437.
    Almstrand, R
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Lydmark, P
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sorensson, F
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Hermansson, M
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Dynamics of specific ammonia-oxidizing bacterial populations and nitrification in response to controlled shifts of ammonium concentrations in wastewater2013In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, ISSN 0175-7598, E-ISSN 1432-0614, Vol. 97, no 5, p. 2183-2191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are essential for the nitrification process in wastewater treatment. To retain these slow-growing bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), they are often grown as biofilms, e.g., on nitrifying trickling filters (NTFs) or on carriers in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). On NTFs, a decreasing ammonium gradient is formed because of the AOB activity, resulting in low ammonium concentrations at the bottom and reduced biomass with depth. To optimize the NTF process, different ammonium feed strategies may be designed. This, however, requires knowledge about AOB population dynamics. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we followed biomass changes during 6 months, of three AOB populations on biofilm carriers. These were immersed in aerated MBBR tanks in a pilot plant receiving full-scale wastewater. Tanks were arranged in series, forming a wastewater ammonium gradient mimicking an NTF ammonium gradient. The biomass of one of the dominating Nitrosomonas oligotropha-like populations increased after an ammonium upshift, reaching levels comparable to the high ammonium control in 28 days, whereas a Nitrosomonas europaea-like population increased relatively slowly. The MBBR results, together with competition studies in NTF systems fed with wastewater under controlled ammonium regimes, suggest a differentiation between the two N. oligotropha populations, which may be important for WWTP nitrification.

  • 438.
    Alonso, Juan-Manuel
    et al.
    Int Assoc Athlet Federat, Med & Antidoping Commiss, Monaco, Monaco; Qatar Orthoped & Sports Med Hosp, Sports Med Dept, Aspetar, Doha, Qatar.
    Jacobsson, Jenny
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Timpka, Toomas
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Health and Developmental Care, Center for Public Health.
    Ronsen, Ola
    Int Assoc Athlet Federat, Med & Antidoping Commiss, Monaco, Monaco; Aker Solut, Lysaker, Norway.
    Kajenienne, Alma
    Int Assoc Athlet Federat, Med & Antidoping Commiss, Monaco, Monaco; Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Inst Sport, Kaunas, Lithuania.
    Dahlström, Örjan
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Disability Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research.
    Spreco, Armin
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Edouard, Pascal
    Univ Hosp St Etienne, Fac Med, Sports Med Unity, Dept Clin & Exercise Physiol, St Etienne, France; Univ Lyon, Exercise Physiol Lab, LPE EA 4338, St Etienne, France; French Athlet Federat, Med Commiss, Paris, France.
    Preparticipation injury complaint is a risk factor for injury: a prospective study of the Moscow 2013 IAAF Championships.2015In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0306-3674, E-ISSN 1473-0480, Vol. 49, no 17, p. 1118-U45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To determine the health status of athletes before the start of an international athletics championship and to determine whether preparticipation risk factors predicted in-championship injuries.

    METHODS: At the beginning of the 2013 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships, all registered athletes (n=1784) were invited to complete a preparticipation health questionnaire (PHQ) on health status during the month preceding the championships. New injuries that occurred at the championships were prospectively recorded.

    RESULTS: The PHQ was completed by 698 (39%) athletes; 204 (29.2%) reported an injury complaint during the month before the championships. The most common mode of onset of preparticipation injury complaints was gradual (43.6%). Forty-nine athletes in the study reported at least one injury during the championships. Athletes who reported a preparticipation injury complaint were at twofold increased risk for an in-championship injury (OR=2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.77); p=0.014). Those who reported a preparticipation gradual-onset injury complaint were at an almost fourfold increased risk for an in-championship time-loss injury (OR=3.92; 95% CI 1.69 to 9.08); p=0.001). Importantly, the preparticipation injury complaint severity score was associated with the risk of sustaining an in-championship injury (OR=1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.22); p=0.001).

    SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: About one-third of the athletes participating in the study reported an injury complaint during the month before the championships, which represented a risk factor for sustaining an injury during the championship. This study emphasises the importance of the PHQ as a screening tool to identify athletes at risk of injuries before international championships.

  • 439. Alstergren, P
    et al.
    Ernberg, M
    Kopp, S
    Lundeberg, T
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    TMJ pain in relation to circulating neuropeptide Y, serotonin, and interleukin-1 beta in rheumatoid arthritis.1999In: Journal of Orofacial Pain, ISSN 1064-6655, E-ISSN 1945-3396, Vol. 13, p. 49-55Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 440. Alstergren, P
    et al.
    Kopp, S
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Synovial fluid sampling fromthe temporomandibular joint: sample quality criteria and levels of interleukin-1 beta and serotonin.1999In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6357, E-ISSN 1502-3850, Vol. 57, p. 16-22Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 441.
    Alstrand, N
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Hyllienmark, L
    Karolinska Institute.
    Wahlberg, J
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Symptomatic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes is preceded by subclinical electrophysiological abnormalities - a prospective study in DIABETOLOGIA, vol 53, issue , pp2010In: DIABETOLOGIA, Springer Science Business Media , 2010, Vol. 53Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 442.
    Alstrom, U
    et al.
    University of Uppsala Hospital.
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Stahle, E
    University of Uppsala Hospital.
    Svedjeholm, Rolf
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery in Östergötland.
    Friberg, O
    Örebro University Hospital.
    Cost analysis of re-exploration for bleeding after coronary artery bypass graft surgery2012In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 108, no 2, p. 216-222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Re-exploration for bleeding after cardiac surgery is an indicator of substantial haemorrhage and is associated with increased hospital resource utilization. This study aimed to analyse the costs of re-exploration and estimate the costs of haemostatic prophylaxis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods. A total of 4232 patients underwent isolated, first-time, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery during 2005-8. Each patient re-explored for bleeding (n = 127) was matched with two controls not requiring re-exploration (n = 254). Cost analysis was based on resource utilization from completion of CABG until discharge. A mean cost per patient for re-exploration was calculated. Based on this, the net cost of prophylactic treatment with haemostatic drugs for preventing re-exploration was calculated. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults. Patients undergoing re-exploration had higher exposure to clopidogrel before operation, prolonged stays in the intensive care unit, and more blood transfusions than controls. The mean incremental cost for re-exploration was (sic)6290 [95% confidence interval (CI) (sic)3408-(sic)9173] per patient, of which 48% [(sic)3001 (95% CI (sic)249-(sic)2147)] was due to prolonged stay, 31% [(sic)1928 (95% CI (sic)1710-(sic)2147)] to the cost of surgery/anaesthesia, 20% [(sic)1261 (95% CI (sic)1145-(sic)1378)] to the increased number of blood transfusions, and andlt;2% [(sic)100 (95% CI (sic)39-(sic)161)] to the cost of haemostatic drugs. A cost model, at an estimated 50% efficacy for recombinant activated clotting factor VIIa and a 50% expected risk for re-exploration without prophylaxis, demonstrated that to be cost neutral, prophylaxis of four patients needed to result in one avoided re-exploration. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions. The resource utilization costs were substantially higher in patients requiring re-exploration for bleeding. From a strict cost-effectiveness perspective, clinical interventions to prevent haemorrhage might be underutilized.

  • 443.
    Altgärde, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Redéen, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Hilding, Niclas
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Acute Health Care in Linköping.
    Drott, Peder
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Horse-related trauma in children and adults during a two year period2014In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, E-ISSN 1757-7241, Vol. 22, no 40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Horse riding, with almost 200,000 participants, is the eighth most popular sport in Sweden. Severe injuries can occur with horse riding accidents which is well documented. This study was undertaken to investigate if injuries associated with horse riding are common, which type of injuries occur, what mechanisms are involved and to estimate the costs to the society. Material and methods: All patients attending the emergency department at Link ping University Hospital, during the years 2003-2004, due to horse related trauma were prospectively recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to age, 147 children and 141 adults. The medical records were retrospectively scrutinized. Results: The most common mechanism of injury was falling from the horse. Most commonly, minor sprains and soft tissue injuries were seen, but also minor head injuries and fractures, mainly located in the upper limb. In total 26 adults and 37 children were admitted. Of these 63 patients 19 were considered having a serious injury. In total, four patients needed treatment in intensive care units. The total cost in each group was 200,000 Euro/year. Conclusion: Horse riding is a sport with well known risks. Our results corresponds to the literature, however we have not observed the same incidence of serious injuries. In contrast we find these to be fairly uncommon. The injuries are mainly minor, with a small risk of long term morbidity. Over time regulations and safety equipment seem to have decreased the number of serious accidents.

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  • 444. Alvarado-Kristensson, M
    et al.
    Pörn-Ares, MI
    Grethe, S
    Smith, D
    Zheng, Limin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Microbiology.
    Andersson, T
    p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities have opposite effects on human neutrophil apoptosis.2002In: The FASEB Journal, ISSN 0892-6638, E-ISSN 1530-6860, Vol. 16, p. 129-131Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 445. Alvarsson, M
    et al.
    Sundkvist, G
    Lager, I
    Henricsson, M
    Berntorp, K
    Fernqvist-Forbes, E
    Steen, L
    Westermark, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Westermark, P
    Orn, T
    Beneficial effects of insulin versus sulphonylurea on insulin secretion and metabolic control in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients2003In: Diabetes Care, ISSN 0149-5992, E-ISSN 1935-5548, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 2231-2237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE - To evaluate whether treatment with insulin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes is advantageous compared with glibenclamide treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - ▀-Cell function, glycemic control, and quality of life were monitored over 2 years in 39 patients with islet cell antibody-negative type 2 diabetes diagnosed 0-2 years before inclusion in a Swedish multicenter randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized to either two daily injections of premixed 30% soluble and 70% NPH insulin or glibenclamide (3.5-10.5 mg daily). C-peptide-glucagon tests were performed yearly in duplicate after 2-3 days of temporary withdrawal of treatment. RESULTS - After 1 year the glucagon-stimulated C-peptide response was increased in the insulin-treated group by 0.14 ▒ 0.08 nmol/l, whereas it was decreased by 0.12 ▒ 0.08 nmol/l in the glibenclamide group, P < 0.02 for difference between groups. After 2 years, fasting insulin levels were higher after treatment withdrawal in the insulin-treated versus the glibenclamide-treated group (P = 0.02). HbA1c levels decreased significantly during the first year in both groups, however, at the end of the second year, HbA1c had deteriorated in the glibenclamide group (P < 0.01), but not in the insulin-treated group. The difference in evolution of HbA1c during the second year was significant between groups, P < 0.02 A questionnaire indicated no difference in well-being related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS - Early insulin versus glibenclamide treatment in type 2 diabetes temporarily prolongs endogenous insulin secretion and promotes better metabolic control.

  • 446. Alvarsson, M
    et al.
    Sundkvist, G
    Lager, I
    Henricsson, M
    Berntorp, K
    Forbes, E
    Steen, L
    Westermark, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology.
    Orn, T
    Grill, V
    Different effects of withdrawal of insulin or glibenclamide treatment on beta cell function in recently diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients.2003In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 46, p. 798-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 447.
    Alvsaker, Kristin
    et al.
    University of Oslo.
    Walther, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery in Östergötland.
    Kleffelgard, Ingerid
    University of Oslo.
    Mongs, Malin
    University of Oslo.
    Aas Draegebo, Randi
    University of Oslo.
    Keller, Anne
    University of Oslo.
    INTER-RATER RELIABILITY OF THE EARLY FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES SCALE2011In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 43, no 10, p. 892-899Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the inter-rater reliability of the Early Functional Abilities (EFA) scale. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign: An observational study of inter-rater reliability in an open cohort. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPatients: Twenty-four patients with traumatic brain injury in need of medical or surgical intervention in the early rehabilitation section of the intensive care unit. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: The EFA was assessed by 4 different professions in the rehabilitation team. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using linear weighted kappa statistics. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The overall weighted kappa values of the different EFA items varied from 0.27 to 0.60. The items in the sensorimotor functional area had the highest pairwise agreement, with a mean kappa range of 0.68-0.76. The vegetative stability, position tolerance and wakefulness items had the lowest mean kappa values (0.49, 0.33 and 0.49, respectively). Agreement was good to excellent between the occupational therapist and physiotherapist across the majority of the items, whereas the physician and nurse agreed less with one another. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: The inter-rater reliability of the EFA scale was good for most items among all the raters. The scale may be used by all members of the interdisciplinary team after training in administration and scoring. A reduction in the number of items in the vegetative functional domain is recommended.

  • 448. Alvsåker, K
    et al.
    Kvandal, P
    Hanoa, R
    Olafsen, K
    Grömer, G
    Kleffelgård, I
    Mongs, M
    Walther, Sten
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Physiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Tidlig rehabilitering av alvorlige traumatiske hoderskader ved en intensivavdeling. Erfaringer fra 2 års drift. En pilotstudie.2007In: Nasjonal konferanse om traumatisk hjerneskade,2007, 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

      

  • 449.
    Alwin, Jenny
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Assessment of Support Interventions in Dementia: Methodological and Empirical Studies2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Dementia means a continuous deterioration of abilities and has a large impact on the persons affected as well as on family members and others close to the persons with dementia. Interventions aimed at this population in order to support and alleviate the often straining situation may be of great importance. There is a need to increase the knowledge and understanding of the impact and consequences of these interventions, both at an individual level and at a societal level. The demand for information concerning, e.g., economic and medical impact of technologies and interventions within health care is increasing. Assessment of technologies and interventions in dementia is related to certain methodological issues. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of methodological knowledge concerning assessment studies and understanding of support interventions in dementia.

    This thesis work includes four studies that examine methodological aspects of assessment of support interventions in dementia and also report empirical research on the perception of support interventions from the perspectives of family caregivers of persons with dementia. In study I, an assessment model for assistive technology (AT) interventions in dementia was developed. In study II, part of the assessment model is applied, and a process evaluation of the AT intervention is presented. Study III examines family caregivers’ perception of the importance of different types of support and services. In the final study, study IV, a well‐acknowledged methodological challenge within the field of assessment in dementia is addressed: measuring health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The studies are based on different data materials.

    An assessment model of AT interventions was developed that includes health economic evaluation from a societal perspective as well as evaluation of the intervention process. The perspectives of both persons with dementia and their relatives were incorporated in the model. The process evaluation was applied in study II in order to study the relatives’ perception of an AT intervention process. Assistive technology interventions in dementia may be of great significance for the relatives. By performing the process evaluation, several important aspects that need to be acknowledged in AT intervention processes in dementia were identified.

    Family caregivers of persons with dementia perceived different types of support/services within the comprehensive areas of counselling, relief and information as very important. Knowledge of the caregivers’ preferences is significant so that more directed support interventions may be provided.

    One specific methodological issue was addressed in study IV. The results of study IV showed that there were large differences in the results of cost‐effectiveness analyses depending on whether patient self‐ratings or proxy ratings (ratings of persons close to the patient) of patient HRQoL were used for the same analysis. These differences in the results could ultimately have an important impact on decision making and resource allocation.

    Support interventions aimed at persons with dementia and their relatives may be of great value. Conducting assessment studies of technologies and interventions within health care is important in order to increase the knowledge concerning, e.g., economic and medical impact. Assessment studies of support interventions dementia entails methodological issues that need to be addressed. There is a need for increased knowledge within this field and suggestions on methodology are made.

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    Assessment of Support Interventions in Dementia : Methodological and Empirical Studies
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  • 450.
    Alwin, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bernfort, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eckard, Nathalie
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Husberg, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fixartjänster i Sveriges kommuner: Kartläggning och samhällsekonomisk analys. Regeringsuppdrag2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report deals with so called minor home help services. These services are primarily meant for older persons with the aim to prevent injuries caused by falling in domestic environments (ones home). The minor home help services are mostly provided by the municipalities in Sweden, although it is not mandatory to provide these services. The extent of the provision and use of minor home help services has previously not been studied on a national level. The aim of this study was to delineate the minor home help services run by the municipalities in Sweden and further to examine and estimate the societal costs and consequences of providing these services.

    Out of the 290 municipalities in Sweden, 191 (66 %) offer minor home help services to their citizens. The tasks carried out are primarily aimed at preventing falls from furniture such as step stools or ladders, removing items that may cause falls (cords, carpets etc.) and providing an overhaul of injury risks in the home. A few municipalities also offer outdoor services such as removing snow in wintertime. In the majority of the municipalities (58 %) the services are offered free of charge but the user has to pay for the materials, in 32 % the services are completely free of charge and in 9 % of the municipalities an amount is charged for the services. The minor home help services are organized in various ways in the municipalities: the services can be completely run by the municipality where the services are carried out by one or several employed persons, by persons with disabilities (involved in daily activity programmes in the municipality) or by persons involved in work programmes; or the minor home help services can be carried out by the community rescue service or companies paid by the municipality to offer these services to the citizens. There are also organizations with volunteers that carry out minor home help services, these are however not included in the main results since the focus in this report is on municipal minor home help services. Ninety nine municipalities do not offer minor home help services to their citizens. Reasons for this are e.g. economic restraints and low demand.

    Experienced gains with minor home help services from the perspectives of the municipalities are prevention of falls, facilitation of the possibility to remain living in one’s own home, contribution to social wellbeing and being able to offer meaningful work tasks for persons in work programmes or persons with disabilities. Problems that have been brought forward are low demand of the services, problems with providing the target group with information and difficulties to measure the effect on fall injuries.

    A socioeconomic model was constructed for the analysis of costs and consequences of fall injuries. The model includes the large cost items as well as outcomes such as mortality and loss of quality of life when affected by a fall injury. The total direct costs in Sweden for fall injuries has previously been calculated to approximately 5 billion SEK, which includes only the direct costs during the first year of the injury. A calculation exercise was performed and applied to a hypothetical municipality with 50 000 inhabitants. This calculation exercise shows that if only a small amount of falls that lead to serious injuries (fractures) can be prevented by minor home help services, then the costs saved are approximately equivalent to the mean budget of minor home help services with one employed person. Calculations using real data including both costs and effects need to be performed.

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