Attempts to define journalism are often normative in nature but do not add to our theoretical understanding of what journalism is. There is a need for journalism scholarship to recognize explicitly that journalism is a space in which participants are not equal—or even similar—in terms of status, influence, work tasks, and working conditions. This paper offers a theoretical model combining the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu with recent insights from the sociology of work in order to articulate how journalistic work is stratified across three dimensions: journalistic capital, resource access, and material security. These dimensions create a space in which to place different types of journalistic work in order to make sense of contemporary journalism.

This article examines how journalists perceive workplace autonomy in five European countries, based on an email survey (N = 2238) conducted in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden and Estonia. The article argues that the workplace level functions as a link between the macro level of external pressures and the micro level of perceived influences on news work. Using principal component analysis we explore the dimensionality of workplace autonomy based on a set of 20 survey questions. Regression analysis is then used on the dimensions found in order to determine what affects perception of autonomy in the different dimensions. The most salient explanatory variables are found on the country and organisational levels, whereas the variables age, experience, gender, managerial role and medium have no or limited effects. The results show the organisational and country levels being integrated and that national journalistic culture is the most salient factor explaining perception of autonomy.

This article examines how journalists perceive workplace autonomy in five European countries, based on an email survey (N = 2238) conducted in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden and Estonia. The article argues that the workplace level functions as a link between the macro level of external pressures and the micro level of perceived influences on news work. Using principal component analysis we explore the dimensionality of workplace autonomy based on a set of 20 survey questions. Regression analysis is then used on the dimensions found in order to determine what affects perception of autonomy in the different dimensions. The most salient explanatory variables are found on the country and organisational levels, whereas the variables age, experience, gender, managerial role and medium have no or limited effects. The results show the organisational and country levels being integrated and that national journalistic culture is the most salient factor explaining perception of autonomy.

Cross-national comparative studies of journalists generally focus on the demographic characteristics and/or the values and role-perception of journalists. Systematic studies of journalistic skills have been rare, however. This article reports the findings from a comparative study of journalists from Britain, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. Based on an email survey of 2238 news professionals, journalistic skills can be grouped into three distinctive dimensions: reporting, editing, and networking skills.

The data also show a number of similarities, but also important differences regarding the importance journalists give to different professional skills in different European countries.

Cross-national comparative studies of journalists generally focus on the demographic characteristics and/or the values and role-perception of journalists. Comparisons of journalistic skills have been rare, however. This paper reports the findings from a comparative study of journalists from Britain, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland and Sweden. Based on an email survey of 2,238 news professionals, we found that journalistic skills can be grouped into three distinctive dimensions: reporting, editorial and networking skills. The data also show some key similarities – reporting skills are the most highly valued across all six countries, and editorial skills the least valued. But there are also important differences, which we suggest can mainly be explained by historical differences in how the functional role of journalism has been viewed. Editorial skills are more highly valued in Germany, Italy and Poland and reporting skills are accorded the highest value in Britain and Sweden.

Research on journalists and journalistic work has focused on journalists with permanent, full-time employment. Given the rapid decrease of such employment opportunities, we argue that journalism research needs to pay more attention to those who those who have had to leave their jobs and either stopped doing journalism entirely, or who have switched to a freelance career (sometimes combining journalism with other work). This category of people is at once becoming more marginalized and “the new normal” within the occupation: In this paper, we furthermore focus on local (Swedish) journalists and ex-journalists. Based on a set of semi-structured interviews (n = 12) with ex-journalists who share the experience of having lost their permanent, full-time jobs, we use the concept of livelihood as an analytical tool. The concept of livelihood highlights the shift from journalism as a job practiced exclusive of other jobs to an activity conducted alongside other income-generating activities and makes it possible to analyse leaving the occupation from a context that incorporates the whole life situation of the respondents. This also contributes to the current wave of studies of journalism and job loss by adding qualitative data about individual experiences of job loss to the existing quantitative survey evidence.

Många av journalistikforskningens centrala frågor kräver ett jämförande perspektiv för att kunna beskrivas på ett meningsfullt sätt. Många påståenden om huruvida olika aspekter av journalistiken har ökat, minskat, förändrats eller varit stabila saknar given referenspunkt. Har något ökat/minskat mer än vad man kan förvänta sig? I förhållande till vad? Är den egna nationen ett undantag eller ett helt genomsnittligt exempel på internationella trender? Dessa och andra liknande frågor sysselsätter den allt mer populära komparativa (jämförande) journalistikforskningen.

Det här kapitlet går igenom de viktigaste inriktningarna i den komparativa journalistikforskningen. I första hand handlar det om jämförelser av journalistikens ställning i olika samhällen och kulturer, om journalisters värderingar och sätt att arbeta och om hur journalistiskt innehåll kan jämföras. I praktiken har komparativ journalistikforskning kommit att bli synonymt med transnationell komparativ forskning: det som jämförs är journalistiken i olika länder eller delar av världen. Andra komparativa alternativ, till exempel att jämföra journalister med andra yrkesgrupper, har inte fått samma utrymme inom journalistikforskningen.

This paper presents a theoretical reframing of journalism as a fundamentally mobile practice and outlines a research agenda for studying the politics of mobility in journalism that is centered on the everyday work of journalists. Our reframing draws on geographer Tim Cresswell's work on the six components of a politics of mobility, which are motive force, speed, rhythm, route, experience, and friction (Cresswell, T. 2010. "Towards a Politics of Mobility." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 28 (1): 17-31). Cresswell poses six key questions about mobility, and rephrasing them to to fit journalists, we get why do journalists move?; how fast do journalists move?; according to what rhythm do journalists move?; what route(s) do journalists take?; how do journalists feel when they move?; and what stops/impedes the movement of journalists? These questions entail a research framework concerned with the different conditions of movement for different bodies, thus drawing attention to previously under-studied areas of journalism studies.

This article presents a study of how and to what extent gig workers in Sweden experience a mediatization of work. We contend that previous mediatization research has assumed extensive and unified effects of mediatization, and that previous gig work research has focused on users of large-scale, transnational platforms. We conducted a set of qualitative, semi-structured interviews (N = 28) with Swedish users of four different gig apps (all produced by very small companies active only in Sweden). We analyzed their experiences of mediatization along five dimensions: extension, substitution, amalgamation, accommodation, and datafication. We found that our respondents had much more varied, far less all-encompassing, experiences of mediatization than indicated in previous research. We also found respondents' experiences clearly framed by the smaller size of the local, Swedish gig work companies.

The aim with this thesis is to describe the quality development in Swedish healthcare from an institutional perspective, analyse implications of the development concerning the relationship between the medical profession and the public administrative system and discuss consequences for political direction and welfare organization. The study is based on four case studies and one conceptual analysis.

The main conclusion is that the medical quality systems have been imbedded in the political management alongside the development towards a public knowledge management. The analysis has more specifically uncovered that quality registries in healthcare have been influenced by political ideologies, management ideas and ideas of transparency. It is also clear that open comparisons were an ‘unintended consequence’ of the quality registry development that has enhanced the development towards a public knowledge management.

The analysis also shows that public knowledge management challenges the ideal of democratic enlightened understanding. The development of public knowledge management in the healthcare sector raises the question of who is governing whom in Swedish healthcare.

The aim with this thesis is to describe the quality development in Swedish healthcare from an institutional perspective, analyse implications of the development concerning the relationship between the medical profession and the public administrative system and discuss consequences for political direction and welfare organization. The study is based on four case studies and one conceptual analysis.

The main conclusion is that the medical quality systems have been imbedded in the political management alongside the development towards a public knowledge management. The analysis has more specifically uncovered that quality registries in healthcare have been influenced by political ideologies, management ideas and ideas of transparency. It is also clear that open comparisons were an ‘unintended consequence’ of the quality registry development that has enhanced the development towards a public knowledge management.

The analysis also shows that public knowledge management challenges the ideal of democratic enlightened understanding. The development of public knowledge management in the healthcare sector raises the question of who is governing whom in Swedish healthcare.

The aim of this study is to ascertain where pupils in primaryschool search for information when they have a specific question to answer. I also question how they explain their choice, how they perceive the results of their search process and what perceptions librarian and teachers hold regarding students' informationretrieval.

I focus in particular on how the pupils’ made their choice: nonfiction books contra the Internet in order to discover whether orn ot Internet has, by and large, replaced nonfiction books for pupils.The empirical data was collected through interviews with fourpupils, their teacher and their school librarian. The material has beenanalysed and interpreted based upon Carol C. Kuhlthaus´ teachingmodel and previous research.

The results of my study indicate that nonfiction books have lost theirr elevance in terms of pupils' information retrieval. Pupils’ firstchoice when searching for information is Internet. Howevernonfiction material has still an important role to play. Many slowreaders or readers who are generally uninterested in reading fiction choose to read nonfiction for pleasure. Reading nonfiction also improves reading skills and in particular reading comprehension. Moreover all pupils must learn how to read for information and to understand what they are reading before they are able to navigate the more advanced texts used on Internet. Thereby it is possible to explain a demand for well written nonfiction literature both now and in the future.

OpenAI recently introduced ChatGPT, a chatbot powered by the GPT-3 family of deep learninglanguage models (LLMs). With the aid of machine learning techniques, ChatGPT has been fine-tuned to improve its capacity to respond to a diverse range of queries, and it has been describedas one of the most advanced machine learning technologies currently available. While AI israpidly advancing and being integrated into society, the comprehension of people's attitudestowards these novel technologies is not progressing at the same rate. Prior research studies andliterature have highlighted the importance of assessing user sentiment towards newly launchedAI services. Evaluating the expressed attitudes towards the recently introduced ChatGPT canprovide valuable insights into the product's potential, as well as highlighting any challenges orproblems encountered by users. This paper presents a study that examines the attitudesexpressed on the social media platforms Twitter and Reddit. For data collection, this studyutilized social media data in the form of free text obtained through the APIs of Twitter andReddit. A qualitative analysis is carried out with the aid of a sentiment analysis tool to assesslanguage and categorize text data based on their expressed attitudes. This data is presented in aquantitative summary. The findings indicate a favorable disposition among users towardsChatGPT in general but that there are areas of concern where users have conveyed sentimentsof feeling intimidated or having a negative resonance with ChatGPT's capabilities andachievements. This study contributes to the existing understanding of user attitudes towardsChatGPT and highlights the necessity for further research to delve deeper into this area.

Cloud gaming provides a way to play games over the network. This presents the possibility to play on devices that would not be powerful enough to play certain games otherwise. The mobile phone is the current primary device for gaming and continues to rise in popularity. In previous research studies and literature, there is an expressed necessity for measuring the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the cloud gaming services. QoE is a way to examine user satisfaction and entertainment for a specific application or service. This paper presents a study of perceived QoE for the cloud-based gaming service Google Stadia on mobile devices. The study is using a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews as a data collection method. The result is analyzed using the framework CCA and qualitative content analysis. The result shows that the perceived QoE is good overall but that the gaming experience has some minor inconveniences. This study expands the knowledge of how well cloud gaming services work on a mobile phone at this time and the result shows the need for similar research studies to deepen this knowledge.

This study uses a perspective of media ethics to examine the newspaper Aftonbladet’s role and responsibility for its coverage of Stockholm City Theater’s former CEO Benny Fredriksson, which occured during the #metoo-movement in autumn 2017. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute knowledge and understanding of the media’s responsibility and role in publications towards individuals by exploring two research questions:

• How does Aftonbladet portray Benny Fredriksson at the time of publishing the accusations?

• To what extent do Aftonbladet's publications comply with the ethical guidelines of press?

A total of 17 articles published by Aftonbladet are analysed using qualitative text analysis and the theoretical framework framing theory. The results show three distinct patterns in portraying Benny Fredriksson: as an evil dictator, a person who spreads fear and as a person who has created a culture of silence in the workplace of Stockholm City Theater. Furthermore, the study finds that Aftonbladet has failed to follow the ethical guidelines for press, TV and radio by publishing his name with the accusations, not hearing both sides of the story and not respecting the privacy of individuals. The findings suggest that the media plays a significant role in how the public perceive individuals that are portrayed in articles based on the language used.

This thesis focuses on the identity work and the meaning- or sense-making that continue in the face of evolving dementia diseases, in social interaction, and the challenges for care this involves. The study adopts an actor-oriented approach and addresses the question of how persons with age-related progressive dementia diseases in everyday communication make sense of their situations, their surroundings, and their lives – all within the context of daily life in residential care. Of particular interest is how these persons handle issues of joint action in a shared world and how they establish and maintain an identity in the inte-raction. This is in spite of severe memory problems, disorientation in time and space, dif-fering understandings of the current situation, and difficulties in telling “accurate” and temporally ordered stories about their lives. The thesis also addresses the question of how caregivers may handle the complex interplay between residents in daily care, in maintain-ing and respecting these persons’ dignity.

The study follows a growing tradition of studying interaction in dementia as mean-ing-based and situated in a context rather than merely as behavior caused by cognitive impairment. Methodologically, this is an ethnographic study based on observations made within a period of six months. The data consist of around 150 hours of video recordings and complementary field notes. This extensive material has made it possible to study the social interaction both in detail and situated in a larger context.

The findings point to remaining competences and strategies that persons with demen-tia use actively and creatively in the ongoing interaction – and, given the premises, often in a rational way. This is discussed in terms of resources for dementia care, in relation to the great challenge of patching up and putting together a comprehensive socially shared world as well as maintaining continuity with the persons’ previous life histories in a way that preserves a positive self-identity.

This study is concerned with the productive aspects of confabulation as it occurs spontaneously in dementia care, in its context, and in interaction with other care recipients. Confabulation is approached as a social and discursive event with distinct narrative features; plots and formerly established genres of plots, storylines, are used by confabulators in order to understand, manage and interact socially in the present situation. Three main functions of confabulation are discerned: 1) making sense of the current situation (sense-making); 2) maintaining a personal identity in interaction with others (self-making); and 3) organizing and legitimizing joint action in the world (world-making). The resources used by confabulating subjects are sparse and not well adjusted to changing conditions, as the number of accessible storylines is limited. This makes it difficult to apply storylines that explain the current situation satisfactorily, provide useful guidelines for how to act, as well as preserve a positive self-identity. Helping with this constitutes a major challenge in dementia care.

Den här studien undersöker hur vattenkraft skildrats på film och i tv-program som tillkommit under åren 1957 och 1995. På vilket sätt har vattenkraftutbyggnaden relaterats till samer i första hans, men även lokalsamhällena generellt. Undersökningen bygger på 20 filmer och televisionsprogram från Kungliga bibliotekets Svensk mediadatabas (SMDB) som också ingår i kollektionen "Sápmi på film och TV". Materialet har olika avsändare (Statens Vattenfallsverk/Vattenfall AB, fristående producenter, public service) och analyseras utifrån vad de olika bidragen fokuserar på i relation till tillkomstår och avsändare. Innehållsanalysen utförs mot bakgrund av tidigare forskning, och analyserar övergripande teman från positivt och negativt inriktade narrativ om vattenkraftutbyggnad. Public service står bakom en större del av materialet och där ses också ett bredare spektrum av narrativ där samiska röster får ge sina synpunkter medan Vattenfall har ett snävare budskap som i lägre grad relateras till det samiska samhället. Vattenkraftens fördelar lyfts fram medan inverkningar och skador och bolagets hantering av det formuleras om till något positivt. Bland materialet har, inte oväntat, utbyggnaderna i Stora Luleälvs övre del en särställning. Materialet från fristående producenter visar också en bredd av utbyggnadsmotstånd, nostalgiska återblickar i industrivänlig ton samt opinionsbildande om miljö och arbetsliv kring reglerade vatten.

I bloggar hittar vi mängder av personlig information som berör både blogginnehavaren och dennes anhöriga, medvetet eller omedvetet. Den här studien avser att öka förståelsen för hur privatliv och personligt relaterad information framställs i två kända personers bloggar. Studien baseras på två bloggar skrivna av offentliga, kända personer - Alex Schulman och Pernilla Wahlgren. Han är en känd medieentreprenör och skribent, hon är en folkkär artist och sångerska från en teaterfamilj. Dessa bloggare är redan kända av allmänheten, något som gör att gränsen för vad som är privat och offentlig information blir väldigt suddig.

Genom en kvalitativ textanalys i två steg, en beskrivande samt en tolkande textanalys, kommer resultatet visa vilka ämnen som tas upp i bloggarna. I den beskrivande analysen studeras texten, och teman som är unika för bloggarna genereras ur texterna. Därefter tolkas och studeras dessa teman i den tolkande textanalysen för att få en förståelse för den information som bloggarna lämnar ut.

Med utgångspunkt i Privacy theory diskuteras vilken typ av personlig information som blogginnehavarna delar med sig utav. Utifrån resultatet av analysen visar studien att de ämnen som presenteras i bloggarna är följande: privat i offentligheten, vardagsreflektioner, självgranskning, känslouttryck, familjeliv och arbete och familj.

The aim of this thesis is to study how public libraries can work to support and promote a national minority language. In the thesis Uppsala Library’s work with the Finnish language is reviewed from 2000 to present. 

The data was collected through qualitative interviews with five key figures from Uppsala Library and the Uppsala municipality, visits in four local public libraries and the digital library during the spring 2019 and by examining the official documents of the municipality and information that the local public libraries have produced between 2000 and 2019. Uppsala Library’s work with the Finnish language is discussed in the thesis through themes of power, nationalism and identity processes and analyzed in terms of language revitalization.

The findings show that during the first decade Uppsala treated the Finnish language as any other foreign language. It provided access to media in Finnish, but the Finnish language was not visible in the library policy or in the library’s information material and program activities in Finnish were few.

A major change in Uppsala Library’s work with the Finnish language started in 2010 when the municipality joined the administrative area for the Finnish language. Since 2010 Uppsala Library has with special efforts supported and promoted the Finnish language. Finnish is used in the library’s information material and is visible in the municipality’s and the library’s documents. Uppsala Library offers many kinds of media in Finnish. The library has organized events where the Finnish language is used for children and adults. The events have also brought to light the Swedish Finns’ experiences and the historical connection the Finnish language has to Sweden. Information in Finnish in the physical and digital libraries, however, could be improved.

The objective of the Swedish policy on minorities is to provide support for the historical minority languages so that they are kept alive. Uppsala Library’s work during the 2010s shows public libraries’ potential as a forum for minority politics and their importance in the work with minority language revitalization.

This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis is to investigate children’s librarians professional identity and its relation to the changes due to the covid-19 crisis. The focus is on reading promotion for children since it is an important part of a children’s librarian’s profession, and because it went through a fast and emence change during the covid-19 crisis. The qualitative interview study consisted of semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives of five children’s librarians. The expressed experiences of the respondents were categorized theoretically using content analysis. The foundation for the interpretation was the model of Ørom (1993) and Schreiber (2006). The interviews revealed that the children’s librarians professional identities consists of many aspects. The three professional identities that appears most clearly with the respondents before the pandemic are the cultural mediator- and social worker identity (Ørom, 1993) and the experience mediator identity (Schreiber, 2006). The way the children’s librarians describe how they adapted their reading promotion during the covid-19 crisis shows their professional identity in relation to the changes during the pandemic. The interviews revealed that though the respondents were mostly drawn to the same identities as before the pandemic, they were now also drawn to the information mediator identity. The model used was not sufficient to describe the innovation that took place among the interviewed children’s librarians due to the pandemic. I have therefore created a new category that is called the innovative identity, that shows the new thinking and power of initiative that the respondents displayed during the pandemic. 

 A rapidly growing number of employees within the public sector are subject to mandatory digitalisation where they are expected to accept and adopt new technological solutions.This thesis uses a qualitative approach to examine which factors influence the acceptance of new mandatory technology with employees in the public sector. Through the application of UTAUT as a theoretical framework four factors are examined together with their influence on the employees’ acceptance, both negatively and positively. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with employees at the Social Administration of the Skellefteå Municipality regarding their internal Helpdesk system and support department. The responses were analysed through an abductive thematic analysis. The results show that the vast amount of information and the systems employees at the Municipality already have to their disposal remain largely unused. The employees do not see the advantages in using it, they find it difficult to access the information and, in some cases, they are not even aware that it is available. The conclusion is that social influence plays a small role for the acceptance but the employee’s view on performance expectancy and effort expectancy are highly influencing factors. The most important factor is how the organisation can facilitate for the employee through training,communication and information.

Organisationer förväntas idag engagera sig i sociala frågor och har utvecklats till den grad att engagemanget används för att marknadsföra och sälja produkter. Detta har varit en av huvudpunkterna i flera studier, men det övergripande fokuset har varit på marknadsföring och image. Med detta som grund antar studien ett sociologiskt perspektiv med Bourdieus fältteori. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur woke kapital kommer till uttryck utifrån aktörernas position på varumärkesfältet samt att utforska nya territorier för PR-forskning genom det nya perspektivet med Bourdieus teori. För att göra detta besvarar vi forskningsfrågan: Hur uttrycks woke-kapital i Estrid och Gillette Venus externa kommunikation utifrån deras positioner på varumärkenas fält och hur förstås det utifrån Pierre Bourdieus fältteori? 

För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte genomfördes en multimodal kritisk diskursanalys av 25 inlägg vardera från de två företagens Instagramkonton. Fokus lades på woke kapital för att analysera det relativt nya sättet att kommunicera genom liberala och feministiska ståndpunkter. Genom de funna diskurserna i deras kommunikation gjordes en koppling till företagens relation till woke-capital. Resultatet visade att den nya aktören på fältet, Estrid, gjorde fler steg mot att ackumulera och manifestera woke-kapital än deras konkurrent Gillette Venus, en veteran på fältet. Bourdieus fältteori kompletterar resultaten och således fungerar denna studie som ett sätt att förstå hur Bourdieu kan tillämpas på forskning inom PR och organisationskommunikation.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze how GIF Sundsvallcommunicates their CSR activity, Back 2 basics. This activity strives to reduce the barriers that exist in vulnerable areas in Sundsvall among children and young people, with equal opportunities to practice sports  and activities. This study is using semi-structured interviews with two well representative people from GIF Sundsvall, Henrik Wikström who started this project 2008 and Tomas Jonsson who is working with this activity today. We have also interviewed 5 actors that have been working more or less with this project during 2019 and 2020. With these representative people for our study, we want to see how GIF Sundsvallare communicating from both their own perspective and the involved actors. The result of this study shows that GIF Sundsvall has a will to communicate their CSR activity, but that the resources and the knowledge is not enough. Further on the result shows that GIF does not have an inside-out perspective, that it seems unclear if the whole association appears to stand behind the work with the CSR activities.

Introduction: Ravelry is a website offering information and social media functions for people interested in knitting. All content is user-supplied, including thousands of searchable records of knitting patterns and yarns. The aim of this thesis is to describe the way these are organised and classified and how this relates to systems used in other contexts and to the expectations of site members regarding both presentation and search functions. Method: Based in domain analysis theory and the concept of serious leisure, the knitting community on Ravelry and its information databases were studied through content analysis of the website, a literature review of pattern and yarn presentation, and a user survey. Results and analysis: The presentation of products on the website contains the information expected within this domain. Users are generally satisfied with the information given but have come to expect more details here than from other sources. The search function enables specific searches, but is too complex for certain users and is sometimes seen as old-fashioned or hard to understand. Members express varying degrees of understanding of the website’s community base. Conclusion: Ravelry has set up a knowledge organisation system and presentation pages that meet its members’ expectations in terms of information content. The search function and layout is not as popular, but efficient for many respondents.

This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The aim of this study is to find out if there is any difference between how a state-owned company and a publicly listed private company communicate its sustainability performance in its sustainability report. It also aims to find out if the communication regarding sustainability has changed over time. The poll was conducted in two Swedish companies, Sveaskog AB and AB SCA, operating in the forestry industry and through a quantitative content analysis, the companies' sustainability reports from 2005 and 2010 were examined. To get a result, the reports has been examined by the GRI framework (Global Reporting Initiative) and an assessment of the communication was made based on a scale of 0-3. The results has been evaluated based on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and the growing interest in CSR. 

The analyses found evidence that there is a link between the form of ownership of the company and how it communicates regarding sustainability. The results shows that the state-owned company has an inferior communication regarding these issues compared to the publicly listed private company. The results also shows that the communication has improved for both companies during the period for the analyses. 

This bachelor’s thesis deals with how the spatiality of libraries can correlate with instances of disorderly user behaviors. The fact that public libraries are among the types that are most prone to disorder, while Kriminalvården’s (the Swedish correctional service’s) librarians rarely experience similar problematic behaviors, could be said to illustrate a balancing act between anarchy and a manic need for control; where the most ideal compromise is, is based both upon personal values and the situation at hand.

To compare different reasonings about the room and the users, public librarians’ perspectives on factors of architecture and design have been contrasted with how librarians within Kriminalvården view the matter. The study has mainly been carried out using qualitative semi-structured interviews as well as a supplementary questionnaire. Operationalized factors of spatial influence in the form of categorized opposites (accessible/inaccessible, comfortable/repellent, visible/obscured, enabling/forbidding), which were identified early on and have guided the investigation, are used both implicitly in the interview guides and the questionnaire as well as explicitly in reading for the thematic analysis.

The terms “ideal type”, “heterotopia”, and “panopticon/panopticism” are used theoretically to deepen the understanding of the essay’s collected data: their suitability emerges in the nuances of what libraries can/should be; what happens when you bring together multiple functions in one space; as well as how control through surveillance can be understood and applied in library spaces.

The results show several differences at the operational level, but also similarities in terms of the librarian’s approach and view on problematic factors. Public libraries often have many functions (that do not always interact harmoniously) and offer more freedom, which risks their orderliness, while Kriminalvårdens library operations (which consists almost exclusively of literature distribution) have more order – but at the expense of user´s freedom. 

The study’s outcome can be used as a basis of knowledge for practical planning of library design, but also as a springboard for further research. The effect of spatiality on users can prove important for the orderliness, atmosphere, and security of a library: cultivating an awareness regarding these possibilities of influence can thus be considered of great interest.

Titel: Fler partiledardebatter  – “men det är ungefär samma ingredienser” –  en kvalitativ studie om ökad konkurrens och nya strategier när SVT, TV4, Aftonbladet och Expressen producerade partiledardebatter i valrörelsen 2014.

Författare: Emma Österberg och Elvira Linderot

Kurs, termin och år: Vetenskaplig C-uppsats, HT 2014

Antal ord i uppsatsen: 18 785

Problemformulering och syfte: I studien undersöks partiledardebatterna i tv och webb-tv i valrörelsen 2014, samt den nya konkurrenssituation som uppstod i samband med det. Valet 2014 var första gången som kvällstidningarna, Aftonbladet och Expressen, producerade partiledardebatter - något som SVT och TV4 tidigare gjort. Studien utgår från ett konkurrensperspektiv och hur medieföretagen konkurrerar på olika marknader, där de bland annat vill få många tittare och ha hög trovärdighet. När medieföretagen producerar partiledardebatter kan de ha olika strategier, dels genom vilken publik de vänder sig till, dels genom hur de utformar själva programmen. Tidigare forskning har visat att ökad konkurrens kan påverka medieföretagens strategier, till exempel genom att de vill stärka sina varumärken eller göra “bra tv” med ökat tempo och dramaturgi. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur SVT, TV4, Aftonbladet och Expressen förhöll sig till den nya konkurrenssituation som uppstod i valet 2014, samt att ta reda på vilka strategier de hade vid programutformningen för partiledardebatterna.          Metod: I den empiriska undersökningen användes två kvalitativa metoder. Först gjordes en analys av partiledardebatternas programkoncept, utifrån fyra teman: miljö, medverkande personer, programmoment samt publikmedverkan. Genom samtalsintervjuer fick en programansvarig på varje medieföretag sedan svara på vilka strategier de haft när de utformade programmen samt hur de såg på konkurrenssituationen.          Resultat: Samtliga medieföretag förhöll sig till den nya konkurrensen, främst genom att de ville göra partiledardebatter som stack ut och stärkte deras varumärken, genom bland annat välkända programledare. En strategi var också att göra “bra tv”, genom dramaturgi och tempoväxling. När det gällde att rikta sig till en viss publik stack Aftonbladet ut i valet av en ung målgrupp, medan de övriga riktade sig till en mer bred publik. En strategi var också att göra program som kändes seriösa och granskande, framförallt gällde det SVT, som har ett public service- uppdrag och dessutom konkurrerar med sin trovärdighet. För kvällstidningarna var partiledardebatterna ett sätt att utveckla sin tv-satsning – och de kände sig fria att testa och prova nya grepp. Även TV4 ville sticka ut och försökte ha med “annorlunda moment”. SVT såg sig mer bundna av traditioner, men samtidigt inspirerades de av kvällstidningarnas “ton och identifikation” och trodde att det var något de kunde ta till sig av i framtiden. De programansvarige poängterade att partiledardebatterna har en demokratisk betydelse och såg det främst som positivt att det gjordes fler debatter. 

Designmönster inkluderas ofta i utbildningar inom objektorienterad programmering vid högre lärosäten. Det finns dock flera studier som indikerar att det kan vara svårt för nybörjare att förstå hur de ska tillämpas. M. Abdul Jalil och S. A. Mohd Noah konstaterade att det saknades kunskap kring de faktiska svårigheter som nybörjare stöter på vid tillämpning av designmönster och genomförde därför studien The Difficulties of Using Design Patterns among Novices: An Exploratory Study (2007). Slutsatsen som presenteras i studien är att nybörjares huvudsakliga problem verkar vara relaterade till implementering, medan val av korrekt mönster för ett specifikt användningsfall inte tycks innebära några signifikanta svårigheter.

Denna studie är en replikering av The Difficulties of Using Design Patterns among Novices: An Exploratory Study genomförd i syfte att utvärdera om de slutsatser kring nybörjares svårigheter vid val och implementering av designmönster som presenterades gäller generellt för nybörjare inom objektorienterad programmering. Våra resultat skiljer sig inte signifikant från resultaten i den föregående studien, men vår uppfattning är att resultaten i båda studierna tyder på att nybörjare har stora svårigheter både vid val och implementering av designmönster. Således anser vi snarare att det kan sägas vara en bristande förståelse för helheten när det gäller tillämpning av designmönster som är problematisk. 

This study is a comparative study of the occurrence and function of information literacy in the curricula of the Swedish and Bavarian Gymnasium and investigates the occurrence of the term ”information literacy” and shows through what other linguistic means the notion of information literacy is expressed in the curricula. The study also wishes to analyze how the notion of information literacy manifests itself in the different school systems. Relevant textual passages of both curricula are compared to each other through the theoretic lens of Bruce’s phenomenographic model of information literacy. This study shows that although the term of ”information literacy” is absent in the analyzed texts several other terms are used in both curricula to express similar notions.

The study further shows that although all seven of Bruce’s conceptions of information literacy are represented in the curricula some major differences exist between the two educational systems. Thus the analysis shows differences in the use of information technology which in the Swedish curriculum is seen as an educational goal in the individual subjects whereas according to the Bavarian curriculum training in the use of information technology takes place in the subject of Informatik. Other differences concerning information literacy are shown through the notion of the control concept. Here it is shown that in the Bavarian curriculum emphasis has been put on the training of the memory capacity of the student as a form of information organization. Bruce’s wisdom conception is further used to show that the Bavarian curriculum emphasizes the use of subject knowledge for democratic purposes. This is shown most clearly in the syllabi of the humanities to be seen.

Through the use of Bruce’s conceptions it can also be shown that both in a Swedish and a Bavarian context information retrieval is partly absent in the natural science syllabi, whereas it plays a major part in the syllabi of the humanities. This can be connected to a common lack of faith in the value of information retrieval in the natural sciences. This is a two years master’s thesis in library and information science.     

In this presentation, the idea of sustainable development is elaborated on from a gastronomic perspective. Specifically, the focus is on how sustainable commitment can be cultivated by gastronomic communication. Four young culinary professionals with a bachelor's degree, referred to as gastronomes, participated in semi-annually recurring dialogic interviews (Mishler, 1999) during the first two years after they finished their education. By intertwining their knowledge with their experiences, they developed ideas of sustainability from a gastronomic point of view. They discussed how to communicate these ideas with other individuals via meals and their desired outcome from it. Data was interpreted by applying the principles of hermeneutics and a view of knowledge based on hermeneutic bildung (Gadamer, 1960). Using the Delphi technique, preliminary results were brought back to the next interview for further elaboration, and these recurring dialogues gradually brought the ideas of the researcher and the participants towards a common explanation.

In the results, ideas emerged on how gastronomic competency could contribute to sustainable development by cultivating inner capacities and fostering sustainable commitment. Two dimensions of how gastronomy can contribute to approaching a more sustainable society were identified: as cultivation-of-the-self (Larsson, 1908) and as civic bildung (Bohlin, 2018). Cultivation-of-the-self is present in sensuous meal experiences, where it can stimulate people to get involved in sustainability issues. This involvement at the individual level can engage people to further bring about sustainability at a societal level through civic bildung. These results contribute to an understanding of how a sustainable mindset can be cultivated by experiencing sustainable meals.

The purpose of this essay is to explore school librarians view on junior high school students literacy and approaches to promoting reading in the school library. My main focus is to identify what norms and values that are made visible in the school librariens description of a junior high school student literacy and a junior high school student as a reading subject. The empircal study is based on qualitative interviews with five school librarians from Stocholm county. Social constructivism is used as a theoretical framework in the analysis and different theroretical tools within critical discourse theory, Bourdieus theory of power positions in the social field and literacy as social practise. Three main discourses were identified in the analysis; the reading discourse, the school librarian discourse and the norm critical discourse. All of these discourses overlap and influence each other. In the reading discourse the junior high school student is constructed as a ”reader” or a ”non-reader” and the construction of literacy is based upon a traditional view of literacy in school as educative. The school librarian discourse construct the role of the school librarian as inferior in relation to the teacher role in the classroom. In the norm critical discourse a definition of the term norm critical is limited to a LGBT and gender perspective, leaving out other perspectives such as class, ethnicity and disabillity. The school librarian construct an image of a junior high school student and a junior high school student literacy based on schools socioeconomic area. The segregation in the swedish school system is made visable in the descriptions of the different conditions of each school library and it is difficult to disregard this inequality when it comes to school librarians working conditions and the effect that it might have on junior high school students reading and literacy in school. 

Cash payments is steadily decreasing today in sweden while at the same time  contactless and mobile payment methods are steadily increasing. 2017 was the first year the use of mobile payment methods surpassed the use of cash and the same year the majority stopped carrying cash on hand. The release of NFC/RFID based mobile payment methods like Samsung and Apple Pay may be the next step towards a cashless society. With the already developed and popular payment methods in Sweden like Swish and contactless credit cards the trends observed in the rest of europe may differ from Sweden’s. There is a lack of research in how swedish users perceive mobile payment methods and what factors influence their decisions of a potential adoption. This study aims to evaluate what factors influence swedish users and how these factors affect the potential adoption of mobile payment methods.  The study has conducted a qualitative approach gathering data from four interviews with swedish nonusers of the technology. The analysis is based on Rogers’s innovation diffusion theory (IDT). 9 factors that influence swedish users were found. These are, ignorance, benefit, simplicity, supporting infrastructure, security and risks, integrity, trust, social influences, and alternative payment methods. The factors influence the potential adoption in a positive or a negative way. Compatibility, complexity and communication channels was identified to affect the adoption in a mostly positive way  while benefit, testability and observability were mostly negative. 

This study examines digital governance and strategy within Swedish listed companies. The study focuses on external reporting and analysing the annual reports of 40 listed companies in 10 sectors on the Nasdaq Main Market. The examined questions aimed to determine whether companies had digital governance and strategy, how these varied across sectors, and which digitalisation concepts were trending. The results show that all sectors somehow refer to digitalisation, and 9 out of 10 sectors have digital strategies, demonstrating governance and adaptation to digitalisation, as McAfee & Brynjolfsson (2018) emphasised. The most common digital theme identified in the study relates to rapid technological advancements, digital development, innovation, digital investments, digital acquisitions, and expertise. The results support Westerman et al.'s (2014) assumptions that digital governance is necessary to adapt companies for the future. However, the digital strategies varied across different sectors. The study reveals a discrepancy regarding the formulation of digital strategies, with 56% of identified keywords in the strategy section of the annual reports not being linked to a transparent digital objective or strategy. Nonetheless, it was discovered that almost twice as many statements associated with digital strategies were found in other sections of the annual reports. This indicates the presence of ambiguous digital strategy, supporting the conclusion that there is still a lack of a structured digital strategy and governance model, as noted by Schallmo et al. (2017). The keywords analysis revealed that the annual reports presented 13% of the identified codes as digital risks. These results align with the conclusions of Wilkin & Chenhall that digital risks should be addressed in governance. These findings also support the observation by Shaikh & Siponen (2023) that boards and management should manage IT risks. The majority of identified risks in the study highlight the importance of digital security. The method in this study focuses on external reporting, which may limit the ability to draw comprehensive conclusions about the level of digitalisation. However, external reporting is a reliable and structured source of data that provides insights. The study acknowledges the challenges in finding theoretical frameworks for studying digital governance, as Navarra & Cornford (2009) discussed

Denna studie avser undersöka gestaltningen och framställningen av våld med politiskt motiv och terrordåd i nyhetsmedia. Sex nyhetsartiklar ligger till grund för analysen som valts utifrån ett strategiskt urval, publicerade av Sveriges Television och Aftonbladet som berör dådet i Almedalen 2022. Studiens frågeställningar lyder:

- Hur gestaltar Aftonbladet och Sveriges Television terrordådet i Almedalen utifrån ethos, pathos och logos i text?

- Hur gestaltar Aftonbladet och Sveriges Television terrordådet i Almedalen utifrån nyhetsvärderingsprincipen, medielogik och dramaturgiska inslag i text?

- Vilka likheter och skillnader i nyhetsmediernas gestaltning av terrordådet i Almedalen går att utläsa utifrån ovanstående teorier och retoriska begrepp?    

Kan gestaltning av politiskt våld i media generera en ond spiral då våld och terrorism göds av publicitet? Studiens resultat visade att nyhetsmediernas framställning av dådet i Almedalen skiljer sig markant, vilket har identifierats med stöd av ethos-, pathos- och logos-strategier. Nyhetsmediernas användning av dessa strategier är till för att övertyga läsaren, som i sin tur kan bidra till att gestalta olika verklighetsuppfattningar av händelsen. Enligt resultatet tenderar Aftonbladet att dramatisera sin gestaltning, medan SVT framför en betydligt mer förenklad gestaltning. Detta kan baseras på deras interna riktlinjer och varierande ändamål.

Studien i denna rapport undersöker huruvida en spelares inlevelse och engagemang kan påverkas av välutvecklad etisk inverkan i ett Dungeons & Dragons rollspel.

Studien innefattar en kvalitativ undersökning och fokuserar på västerländska RPG-spel. Frågan undersöks genom att en grupp av måttligt erfarna RPG-spelare observeras och intervjuas i samband med att de spelar igenom en kort artefakt.

Resultatet av undersökningen visar att genom att ge spelarna val kring deras spelarkaraktärers etiska värderingar leder till en mer positiv värdering av ett spel. Dessa val kommer från förbereda scenarion utformade med bakgrunder, välskrivna karaktärer och effektfulla konsekvenser för både spelet och narrativet, utformade utifrån tidigare spelstudier på vad ett ”etiskt spel” ska innehålla. Vid projektets slut kommer jag utreda att huruvida detta etik-orienterade spel hjälpt skapa inlevande och engagerande upplevelse för mina spelare.

In this thesis, I examine reading practices and perspectives on literature in the Shared Reading method of text discussion; a method commonly used in reading groups organised by Swedish libraries. Where earlier research primarily has been occupied with the method's effects on participants' health, I here seek to examine how it is used as a method for literature promotion, and what happens when a method most commonly used in relation to healthcare is used in public libraries. The study is based on participant observation and interviews with group leaders at nine Shared Reading groups, and on analysis of the Shared Reading handbook. Drawing on a post-critical theoretical perspective, which also informs the Shared Reading method itself, I find a reading practice with the reading self and identification with the text at its centre. Text selection is based on the participants' perceived ability to form personal connections with the text, and during the discussions, the text frequently mainly serves to facilitate conversation on other topics. Compared to presentations of the method in manuals and in earlier research, a therapeutic perspective seems highly integrated into the method, and reading and literature is justified with reference to the readers' improved personal health and development. Finally, turning to the theoretical critique of post-criticism, I explore some of the limitations associated with a way of reading where little attention is paid to what is foreign and where the self is at the centre. This is a two-year Master's thesis in Library and Information Science.

This thesis aims to describe the genre of library podcasts that have emerged in Sweden since 2013.Through the overall design of a comparative multiple case study, the two pioneering examples of Cirkelpodden and Bibliotekspodden Solen are being described and compared, in order to contribute to a better understanding of what these radio productions consist of, on what reasons they have been established and finally what this practice based on more explicit journalistic working methods might implicate for the profession of the public librarian. Thirty-three programs of Cirkelpodden and Bibliotekspodden Solen published during 2103–2014 and two semi-structured interviews with the librarians of the podcasts are analysed through quantitative content analysis and qualitative thematic analysis. The theoretical framework is principally based on Wiebe Bijker’s model of two different ways to perceive technology: the deterministic view as an autonomous force, and the constructivist view as an instrument controlled by man. The results show that the main reasons to adopt this web 2.0 media format was to improve the library’s traditional ways to talk about books. Besides presenting books and problematizing the inhold of it, the podcasts were used to enhance the job satisfaction and to promote the library. The main conclusion of the study is that the these library podcasts could be interpreted as expressions of an ongoing movement from a traditional conveying role of the public librarian, towards a more content producing role, in which the podcast is used as an strategic instrument for exposing the librarians expertise and for exerting literary criticism.

In today’s society we depend on technology to perform the simplest tasks. Whether we are engaging in conversation with a friend or are navigating in traffic, we are likely to be found with some technological device in our hands. This dependence has grown over a period of time, and many of us have failed to reflect on the impact technology has had on our lives. The emergence of so-called One-to-One projects, where teachers and students gain access to a personal laptop, does however provide an excellent opportunity to do so. In this study we aim to highlight the teachers’ experiences of work with education after giving each staff member and student access to a personal laptop. We engage in this task by combining two analytical tools, and in doing so manage to bring forth an understanding of the effects of technology as something far more unpredictable than what can be found when presupposing that computers are mere tools used to achieve planned goals. Instead we find that computers affect the way in which teachers engage in the twilight between work and privacy as well as the percieved boundary between the school and the world of information outside of it. Furthermore, the nature of interaction with their students both in the classroom environment and outside of it has been altered. These highlighted effects call into question new perspectives on the roles of the computer and the teacher in modern society.