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  • 301.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. Ageing - living conditions and health.
    Dahlman, J
    Dukic, T
    Bjällmark, Anna
    Larsson, M
    Fixation identification in centroid versus start-point modes using eye-tracking data2008In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, ISSN 0031-5125, E-ISSN 1558-688X, Vol. 106, no 3, p. 710-724Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fixation-identification algorithms, needed for analyses of eye movements, may typically be separated into three categories, viz. (i) velocity-based algorithms, (ii) area-based algorithms, and (iii) dispersion-based algorithms. Dispersion-based algorithms are commonly used but this application introduces some difficulties, one being optimization. Basically, there are two modes to reach this goal of optimization, viz., the start-point mode and the centroid mode. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate these two dispersion-based algorithms. Manual inspections were made of 1,400 fixations in each mode. Odds ratios showed that by using the centroid mode for fixation detection, a valid fixation is 2.86 times more likely to be identified than by using the start-point mode. Moreover, the algorithm based on centroid mode dispersion showed a good interpretation speed, accuracy, robustness, and ease of implementation, as well as adequate parameter settings.

  • 302.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Fulland, J
    Gregersen, NP
    A literature review of road vehicle transportation of children with disabilities.2001In: Journal of Traffic Medicine, ISSN 0345-5564, Vol. 29, no 3-4, p. 54-62Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 303.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, NP
    A comparison of eye movement behavior of inexperienced and experienced drivers in real traffic environments2005In: Optometry and Vision Science, ISSN 1040-5488, E-ISSN 1538-9235, Vol. 82, no 8, p. 732-739Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 304.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, NP
    A questionnaire-based survey on road vehicle travel habits of children with disabilities2001In: IATSS Research, ISSN 0386-1112, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 32-41Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 305.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    Assessment of learner driver's hazard perception in real traffic environment.2004In: Vision in vehicles IX, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 306.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    Evaluation of the TRAINER Tools through Assessment of Learner Drivers' Hazard Perception in Real Traffic Environments.2004In: Vision in vehicles X, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 307.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, NP
    Fixation patterns of learner drivers with and without cerebral palsy (CP) when driving in real traffic environments2001In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 171-185Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 308.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, NP
    Perceived Risk among Parents Concerning the Travel Situation for Children with Disabilities2002In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 0001-4575, E-ISSN 1879-2057, Vol. 34, no 4, p. 149-158Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 309.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    Pilot plans2001Report (Other academic)
  • 310.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    Road vehicle transportation of children with disabilites2001Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 311.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    Road vehicle transportation of children with disabilities.2000In: Journal of traffic medicine, ISSN 0345-5564, Vol. 28, no 2 supplArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 312.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, NP
    The Prevalence of Learner Drivers with Cerebral Palsy who Are in Need of Highly Specialized Driver Education2000In: Journal of Traffic Medicine, ISSN 0345-5564, Vol. 28, no 3-4, p. 23-31Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 313.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    The TRAINER Project: Development of a New Cost-Effective Pan-European Driver Training Methodology and How to Evaluate It.2001Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 314.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    The TRAINER project: the evaluation of a new simulator-based driver training methodology.2003Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 315.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    The TRAINER project: the evaluation of a new simulator-based driver training methodology.2003In: Driver Behaviour and Training, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing LTD , 2003, p. 317-330Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 316.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    TRAINER - results from a pan-European driver training project with focus on hazardous situations and risk awareness2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 317.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Henriksson, P
    Gregersen, NP
    Bjurulf, P
    Driver education for persons with cerebral palsy: a retrospective study of educational problems.2000In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 15-27Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 318.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Henriksson, P.
    Gregersen, N.P.
    Bjurulf, P.
    Driver education for persons with cerebral palsy: a retrospective study of educational problems2000Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 319.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Khalid, J
    Rayees Afroza, M
    Hasewinkel, H
    Sjörs, A
    Dahlman, J
    In PC and XBOX war games, are military personnel's fixations patterns different compared to civilians'?2008In: Proceedings of Measuring Behavior 2008, Maastricht, The Netherlands, August 26-29, 2008, p. 204-205Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 320.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Lövgren, A.
    Anund, A.
    Nyberg, J.
    Elkehag, K.
    Elm, C.
    Gustafson, P.
    Åkerberg, P.
    Säkerhet och trygghet i samband med skolskjuts: ur barnens perspektiv.2006Report (Other academic)
  • 321.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Lövgren, A
    Rydh, C
    Nielsen, B
    Peters, B
    Driver Assessment and VTI Evaluation Method2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 322.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Nielsen, B
    Driving Assessment from an OT point of view: what sholud we assess and from which perspective2005Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 323.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Nordmark, S.
    Truck simulator feasibility study.2002Report (Other academic)
  • 324.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. CHILD.
    Vogel, K
    Gregersen, NP
    The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) Upper Level is not a valid predictor for the outcome of driver education.2001In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 72-78Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 325. Farr, W.
    et al.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Centre for Rehabilitation, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom.
    Male, I.
    Morris, C.
    Bailey, S.
    Gage, H.
    Speller, S.
    Colville, V.
    Jackson, M.
    Bremner, S.
    Memon, A.
    Therapeutic potential and ownership of commercially available consoles in children with cerebral palsy2017In: British Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 0308-0226, E-ISSN 1477-6006, Vol. 80, no 2, p. 108-116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction:

    We conducted a survey amongst families of children with cerebral palsy to ascertain the ownership and therapeutic use and potential of commercial games consoles to improve motor function.

    Method:

    Three hundred families in South East England were identified through clinical records, and were requested to complete an anonymised questionnaire.

    Results:

    A total of 61 families (20% response) returned a completed questionnaire with 41 (68%) identified males and 19 (32%) identified females with cerebral palsy, with a mean age of 11 years 5 months (SD 3Y 7M). The large majority of families, 59 (97%), owned a commercial console and the child used this for 50-300 minutes a week. Returns by severity of motor impairment were: Gross Motor Function Classification System I (22%), II (32%), III (13%), IV (15%), V (18%). Consoles were used regularly for play across all Gross Motor Function Classification System categories.

    Conclusion:

    The potential of games consoles, as home-based virtual reality therapy, in improving the motor function of children with cerebral palsy should be appropriately tested in a randomised controlled trial. Wide ownership, and the relative ease with which children engage in the use of commercially-based virtual reality therapy systems, suggests potential as a means of augmenting therapy protocols, taking advantage of interest and participation patterns of families.

  • 326.
    Farr, William J.
    et al.
    Research and Innovation, Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Bremner, Stephen
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Male, Ian
    Research and Innovation, Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Gage, Heather
    School of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
    Bailey, Sarah
    Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
    Speller, Sandra
    Research and Innovation, Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Colville, Valerie
    Parent partnership advisors Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Jackson, Mandy
    Parent partnership advisors Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Memon, Anjum
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.
    Morris, Christopher
    Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
    Feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate home-based virtual reality therapy in children with cerebral palsy2021In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 43, no 1, p. 85-97Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Evidence is increasing for effective virtual reality therapy for motor rehabilitation for children with Cerebral Palsy. We assessed the feasibility of a virtual reality therapy mode of intervention, appropriateness of measures, and potential cost-effectiveness.

    Methods: A 12-week, 2-group, parallel-feasibility trial (ISRCT 17624388) using Nintendo Wii FitTM at home. Children aged 5–16, with ambulatory Cerebral Palsy, who were able to follow simple instructions were randomised to two groups; one supported by physiotherapists (individualised activity programme), the other unsupported with children having free choice (control). Children were assessed in clinic at baseline, week 6, and week 12 by blinded assessors. Feasibility of the intervention was assessed via recruitment, adherence, and usefulness of measurement tools.

    Results: Forty-four children were eligible (out of 48 approached): 31 consented, 30 were randomised, 21 completed the study; 10 in the supported group and 11 in the unsupported group. Nine children discontinued from tiredness, after-school activities, homework, surgery, technical difficulties or negative system feedback. The supported group completed 19 of 36 (IQR 5-35) possible sessions; the unsupported group 24 of 36 sessions (IQR 8-36). Gross Motor Function Measure scores varied by Cerebral Palsy severity after the intervention. There were no adverse events.

    Conclusion: Virtual reality therapy offers potential as a therapeutic adjunct for children with Cerebral Palsy, warranting substantive confirmatory study. Gross Motor Function Measure, with modifications to improve sensitivity, appeared appropriate as a primary measure, with Timed up and Go test secondary. The intervention was inexpensive costing £20 per child. An explanatory trial to evaluate the clinical/cost-effectiveness of commercial system virtual reality therapy is feasible with minor methodological adaptation.

    Implications for rehabilitation

    • Home-based interactive computer gaming was feasible, safe and cost effective as a therapy adjunct.
    • Discontinue if additional pressures are present: imminent surgery, family resilience to technical difficulties, negative system feedback, after-school activities.
    • Change in Gross Motor Function Measurement scores varied by severity of Cerebral Palsy. 
  • 327.
    Farr, William
    et al.
    Sussex Community NHS Trust.
    Male, Ian
    Sussex Community NHS Trust.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Oxford Brookes University.
    Morris, Christopher
    University of Exeter Medical School.
    Gage, Heather
    University of Surrey.
    Bailey, Sarah
    University of Exeter Medical School.
    Speller, Sandra
    Sussex Community NHS Trust.
    Colville, Val
    Sussex Community NHS Trust.
    Jackson, Mandy
    Sussex Community NHS Trust.
    Bremner, Stephen
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School.
    Memon, Anjum
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School.
    Methodological issues of using placebos in interventions based on digital technology2017In: Journal of Mobile Technology in Medicine, ISSN 1839-7808, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 56-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/Aims: Use of placebo is the ideal for comparison in clinical trials to reduce biases. With digital technology being used more frequently in healthcare interventions, how do we determine the placebo effect where interventions exploit technology? If placebo in medicine is traditionally defined by a lack of pharmacological agents, how might we begin to move towards controlling for effects of digital technology?

    Method: This paper explores the traditional placebo effect and discusses its impact in healthcare contexts with digital technology with reference to a particular trial. Different meanings of placebo in the context of evaluating technology suggest new challenges and positive consequences.

    Results: Methodological considerations are discussed, which enabled the development of a placebo-controlled evaluation of a digital technology in healthcare and rehabilitation.

    Conclusion: Digital placebo was controlled in our trial by employing technology across all groups in the absence of evidence-based practice and shows how to control for unknown and hidden effects of technology.

    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 328.
    Farries, Kevin
    et al.
    School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Adelaide, Australia.
    Baldock, Matthew
    Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Australia.
    Thompson, James
    Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Australia.
    Stokes, Christopher
    Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Australia.
    Unsworth, Carolyn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Australia; Department of Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Department of Occupational Therapy, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
    Entrapment and extraction of wheelchairs at flange gaps with and without flange gap fillers at pedestrian railway crossings2023In: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, ISSN 1748-3107, E-ISSN 1748-3115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Where pedestrian crossings meet rail tracks, a flange gap allows the train wheel flanges to pass. This gap can be hazardous for wheelchair users as castor wheels may become trapped. While compressible gap fillers can eliminate the flange gap, fillers are subject to wear, pose a derailment hazard to light rail vehicles and can strip grease from passing wheels. These issues could be mitigated by partially filling the flange gap with a compressible filler. The aim was to investigate the risk of entrapment and ease of extraction of wheelchair castors from flange gaps fully and partially filled with compressible fillers, and assess ride quality.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Entrapment risk and ease of extraction for four wheelchairs were tested at various crossing angles with flange gap fillers. Twelve wheelchair users tested ease of extraction and ride quality for partially and fully filled flange gaps.

    RESULTS: It was found that risk of entrapment is low if a standards-compliant crossing with open flange gaps is traversed in a straight line. However, castors can become trapped if the user alters direction to avoid an obstacle or if the crossing surface is uneven. Once trapped, castors are extremely difficult to remove without external assistance.

    CONCLUSIONS: Flange gap fillers that reduce the gap to 10 mm or less eliminate entrapment while retaining acceptable ride quality. Filling flange gaps or leaving a residual gap depth of less than 10 mm is the best option to eliminate risk of entrapment and ensure good ride quality for wheelchair users.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRail crossings flange gaps pose an entrapment hazard for wheelchair usersPartial or complete flange gap fillers may reduce entrapment but require researchRehabilitation professionals need to educate wheelchair users on techniques to cross flange gaps safelyConsumers and health professionals can consult rail operators to partially fill flange gaps.

  • 329.
    Fatone, S.
    et al.
    Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
    Dillon, M. P.
    La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
    Hafner, B. J.
    University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
    Ramstrand, Nerrolyn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    The challenges of double-blind peer review in an era of increasing research transparency2020In: Prosthetics and Orthotics International, ISSN 0309-3646, E-ISSN 1746-1553, Vol. 44, no 4, p. 189-191Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Last year, we presented a vision to make Prosthetics and Orthotics International the journal of choice for all those who wish to access and contribute to the ever-increasing body of knowledge in our field.1 For Editors-in-Chief, this entails not only day-to-day management of manuscript submission, peer review, and publication processes, but also consideration of evolving principles and practices regarding the reporting of research. In this editorial, we discuss the challenges we experience in maintaining a double-blind peer review process while also encouraging research transparency.

  • 330.
    Fatone, Stefania
    et al.
    Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA..
    Hafner, Brian J.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ramstrand, Nerrolyn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD. Jonkoping Univ, Jonkoping, Sweden..
    Dillon, Michael P.
    La Trobe Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    2020 SAGE Elite Reviewer Award2020In: Prosthetics and Orthotics International, ISSN 0309-3646, E-ISSN 1746-1553, Vol. 44, no 3, p. 114-115Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 331.
    Fatone, Stefania
    et al.
    Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
    Paul, Charlton
    Barnett, Cleveland
    Nottingham Trent University, UK.
    Ramstrand, Nerrolyn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Balancing Act: Exploring Clinical, Theoretical, and Evidence-Based Perspectives in the Optimization of Balance using orthoses in Peripheral Neuropathy2018In: Journal of prosthetics and orthotics, ISSN 1040-8800, E-ISSN 1534-6331, Vol. 30, no 2S, article id 0S9Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 332.
    Feldhusen, Caroline
    et al.
    Sahlgrenska akademin.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. ADULT.
    Forsblad d'Elia, Helena
    Sahlgrenska akademin.
    Mannerkorpi, Kaisa
    Sahlgrenska akademin.
    I am so tired of being tired: – a focus group study of fatigue in RA2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BakgrundFatigue is a prominent symptom in persons with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)and has great impact of daily life. The knowledge about how persons with RA in working age are affected by fatigue is limited. The aim of this study was to describe how persons with RA in working age experience and handle their fatigue in everyday life.MetodSix focus group discussions were conducted in 25 persons with RA (19 women/ 6 men) age 20-60 years. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to qualitative content analysis which resulted in four categories: The nature of fatigue in RA, limitations due to the fatigue, communicating the fatigue and strategies to handle the fatigue.ResultatThe participants experienced their fatigue as a major symptom. Because of its persistence and unpredictable nature it caused feelings of frustration, helplessness and anger. The increased need for rest and sleep caused an imbalance in daily life when valued life activities were forced to be omitted in favor of work. They were feeling limited in everyday life when the fatigue made it impossible to fulfill their roles as expected by themselves and by others. The participants expressed difficulties in communicating about the fatigue and to gain acceptance from the social environment including family, friends and health professionals. They adjusted to whom they were talking to about their fatigue to avoid being seen as lazy, boring or whining. To handle the fatigue in everyday life, planning and prioritizing to find balance was essential. The respondents also used mental strategies to handle the fatigue such as accepting the fatigue and focusing on the possibilities.SammanfattningFatigue causes considerable consequences in persons with RA in working age, living an active life and rating a low general disability. The responsibility for managing fatigue and the struggle of finding balance between important parts in life was taken by the participants themselves because fatigue was not perceived to be a factor given much consideration during medical consultation. This draws attention to the importance for health professionals to address the fatigue and its complexity and unpredictability, even in working persons with low disability.

  • 333.
    Feldthusen, Caroline
    et al.
    Sahlgrenska akademin.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health Science, HHJ. ADULT.
    Forsblad-d'Elia, Helena
    Sahlgrenska akademin.
    Mannerkorpi, Kaisa
    Sahlgrenska akademin.
    I am so tired of being tired: – a focus group study of fatigue in RA2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Fatigue is a prominent symptom in RA and most negative impact from fatigue seems to be experienced by younger persons. Even in individuals with RA who are able to successfully participate in a wide spectrum of demanding daily activities, fatigue has been shown to be significant. The knowledge about how younger persons with RA experience and handle their fatigue is limited.Objectives: The aims were to explore, by means of qualitative interviews, how fatigue is experienced by persons with RA in working age and to identify when fatigue is experienced as a limitation and how it is handled in everyday life.Methods: Six focus group interviews were conducted with 25 (19 women, 6 men) persons. Inclusion criteria: >30 mm fatigue on a 100 mm visual analogue scale, age between 20-60 years and fulfill classification criteria of rheumatoid arthritis. The persons were asked to discuss their fatigue related to RA as well as how fatigue affected everyday life and how fatigue was handled. Transcripts were systematically analyzed by content analysis identifying units, codes, sub categories, categories and a theme (1). The categories and theme were validated by an expert in the field and by a research partner with RA.Results: Fatigue was experienced by the respondents as a significant symptom. Because of its persistence and unpredictable nature it caused feelings of frustration, helplessness and anger. The respondents expressed difficulties in communicating about the fatigue and to get understanding from the social environment including family, friends and healthcare. They were feeling limited in everyday life when the fatigue made it impossible to fulfill the roles as expected by themselves and by others. Feelings of shame, being lazy and boring were common. Finding balance between important parts of life such as work, family, leisure time, social activities and rest was mentioned as difficult. To handle the fatigue in everyday life planning and prioritizing among activities was essential. The respondents also used mental strategies to handle the fatigue including trying to accept the fatigue and focus on the possibilities.Conclusions: The result showed that fatigue in persons with RA in working age was a symptom of great importance that needs to be more highlighted in the clinical care. Even if the patients did not report extremely high levels of fatigue the consequences were extensive. An understanding of the complexity of fatigue in RA could help the persons to find a better balance between important parts in life.

  • 334.
    Feldthusen, Caroline
    et al.
    Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ADULT.
    Forsblad-d'Elia, Helena
    Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mannerkorpi, Kaisa
    Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Perception, consequences, communication, and strategies for handling fatigue in persons with rheumatoid arthritis of working age-a focus group study2013In: Clinical Rheumatology, ISSN 0770-3198, E-ISSN 1434-9949, Vol. 32, no 5, p. 557-566Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to describe how persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of working age experience and handle their fatigue in everyday life. Six focus group discussions were conducted focusing on experiences of fatigue in 25 persons with RA (19 women, 6 men), aged 20–60 years. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. The analyses resulted in four categories. (1) Perception of fatigue: Fatigue was experienced different from normal tiredness, unpredictable, and overwhelming. It was associated with negative emotions, changed self-image, and fears. Feelings of frustration and shame were central when the persons were forced to omit valued life activities. (2) Consequences due to fatigue: The fatigue caused changes in cognitive ability, ability to act, and overall activity pattern where the increased need for rest and sleep caused an imbalance in daily life. The participants struggled not to let the fatigue interfere with work. The fatigue also brought negative consequences for their significant others. (3) Communicating fatigue: Fatigue was difficult to gain understanding for, and the participants adjusted their communication accordingly; it was important to keep up appearances. During medical consultation, fatigue was perceived as a factor not given much consideration, and the participants expressed taking responsibility for managing their fatigue symptoms themselves. (4) Strategies to handle fatigue: Strategies comprised conscious self-care, mental strategies, planning, and prioritizing. Fatigue caused considerable health problems for persons with RA of working age: negative emotions, imbalance in daily life due to increased need for rest, and difficulties gaining understanding. This draws attention to the importance of developing new modes of care to address fatigue in RA. Person-centered care to improve balance in life may be one approach needing further investigations.

  • 335.
    Fields, Sally M.
    et al.
    Occupational Therapy, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
    Unsworth, Carolyn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Occupational Therapy, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
    Revision of the Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors: An overview of the evidence for the inclusion of cognitive and perceptual assessments within fitness-to-drive evaluations2017In: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, ISSN 0045-0766, E-ISSN 1440-1630, Vol. 64, no 4, p. 328-339Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/aim: Determination of fitness-to-drive after illness or injury is a complex process typically requiring a comprehensive driving assessment, including off-road and on-road assessment components. The competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors (Victoria, Australia) define the requirements for performance of a comprehensive driving assessment, and we are currently revising these. Assessment of cognitive and perceptual skills forms an important part of the off-road assessment. The aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews (known as an overview) is to identify what evidence exists for including assessment of cognitive and perceptual skills within fitness-to-drive evaluations to inform revision of the competency standards.

    Methods: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, OT Seeker) were systematically searched. Systematic review articles were appraised by two authors for eligibility. Methodological quality was independently assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Narrative analysis was conducted to summarise the content of eligible reviews.

    Results: A total of 1228 results were retrieved. Fourteen reviews met the inclusion criteria. Reviews indicated that the components of cognition and perception most frequently identified as being predictive of fitness-to-drive were executive function (n = 13), processing speed (n = 12), visuospatial skills, attention, memory and mental flexibility (n = 11). Components less indicative were perception, concentration (n = 10), praxis (n = 9), language (n = 7) and neglect (n = 6).

    Conclusion: This overview of systematic reviews supports the inclusion of assessment of a range of cognitive and perceptual skills as key elements in a comprehensive driver assessment and therefore should be included in the revised competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors. 

  • 336.
    Fields, Sally M.
    et al.
    Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
    Unsworth, Carolyn
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
    Harreveld, Bobby
    Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
    The revision of competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors in Australia: A mixed methods approach2021In: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, ISSN 0045-0766, E-ISSN 1440-1630, Vol. 68, no 3, p. 257-271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Competency standards outline the knowledge, skills, and attributes that are required for competent practice. This study describes the process followed to revise and validate the competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors in order to guide clinical practice in this area of advanced occupational therapy practice.

    Methods: A mixed methods research approach was used in this study. In phase 1, three focus groups with driver assessors reviewed and suggested revisions to the competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors. Phase 2 involved content validation with key stakeholders through a focus group with consumers, written feedback from Australian state, and territory driver licensing authorities, and a two-round Delphi process with Australian occupational therapy driver assessors.

    Results: Forty-nine occupational therapy driver assessors participated in the phase 1 focus groups. Deductive content analysis of the transcripts provided data to revise the competency standards. Inductive analysis provided an in-depth understanding of the participants’ views and was interpreted through six categories and their underlying subcategories: purposes and benefits; jurisdictional variations and practice diversity; language use; defining competent practice; challenging systems and processes; and competency standards content. Forty-eight occupational therapy driver assessors participated in the Delphi process. In Round 1, only 1 of the 164 competency standards and practice behaviours rated did not achieve the pre-determined 70% consensus rate. In Round 2, all statements achieved consensus, with the overall average consensus level obtained across the Round 2 statements at 96.8%.

    Conclusion: The revised Australian Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors have been endorsed by Occupational Therapy Australia and released for clinical use. The methods described in this research provide a framework suitable for revision or development of competency standards in both other areas of occupational therapy practice and other health-care professions.

  • 337.
    Fischer, E.
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Lygnegård, Frida
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Occupation as means and ends in paediatric occupational therapy: A systematic review2023In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 30, no 8, p. 1181-1198Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is a lack of evidence-based knowledge in paediatric occupational therapy about the effectiveness of interventions using daily activities as a treatment modality in improving children’s participation.

    Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of occupation-based and occupation-focused interventions in improving participation in everyday occupations for young children with a disability.

    Material and methods: A systematic review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and critical appraisal tools was conducted. Six databases were searched for quantitative intervention studies aimed at improving participation in everyday occupations of young children with a disability through the use of everyday occupation.

    Results: The search yielded 3732 records, of which 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Ten studies met methodological quality criteria and were included in the synthesis, five randomised controlled trials and five quasi-experimental studies, involving a total of 424 children with a mean age of 6.5 years. The studies were classified into cognitive (n = 5), context-focussed (n = 2) and playgroup interventions (n = 3). Study quality ranged from low to moderate, only one study was rated high quality.

    Conclusions and significance: Occupation-based and occupation-focused interventions may have a positive effect on participation in everyday occupations for young children with a disability, but study design, risk of bias and insufficient reporting limit confidence in the body of evidence.

  • 338.
    Fischer, Evelin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation.
    Green, Dido
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Lygnegård, Frida
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dept. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. CHILD.
    Systematic review protocol of the effectiveness of occupation-based and occupation-focused interventions used in occupational therapy to improve participation in everyday activities for young children with a disability [protocol]2022Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Review question / Objective: The aim of this review was to identify, appraise, evaluate and synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of interventions using occupations and/or occupational performance outcomes in improving activities of daily living and participation of young children with a disability. The PICOS framework was used to develop the review question: Population – children with a disability under the age of 10. Intervention – interventions which are both occupation-based and occupation-focused provided by an occupational therapist in groups or individually, incorporating participation in everyday occupations in the most natural context possible or focusing directly on participation in everyday occupations instead of focusing on improving underlying functions in order to better participate in everyday occupations (1)(Fisher, 2013). Control – alternative occupational therapy (OT) intervention, alternative non-OT intervention or no intervention. Outcome – improved participation in everyday occupations assessed before and after the intervention, measured by standardized assessment tools or self-report measures of occupational performance, engagement and participation. Study characteristics – Systematic Review of original studies (levels I and II, Joanna Briggs Institute) including Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) or quasiexperimental designs (eg. with Pre-test – post-test or historic/ retrospective control group study). Research Question: “What is the evidence for the effectiveness of occupation-based and occupationfocused interventions in improving participation in everyday occupations for young children with a disability?”

  • 339.
    Fischl, Caroline
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Ageing in a digital society2021Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 340.
    Fischl, Caroline
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Att åldras i ett digitalt samhälle [Ageing in a digital society]2021Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 341.
    Fischl, Caroline
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Blusi, M.
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lindgren, H.
    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Nilsson, I.
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Tailoring to support digital technology-mediated occupational engagement for older adults – a multiple case study2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 1103-8128, E-ISSN 1651-2014, Vol. 27, no 8, p. 577-590Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: With the evolution of contemporary occupations mediated by digital technologies (DTs), there is a need for occupational therapists to develop and structure knowledge on how to support older adults’ engagement in occupations and social participation in a digitalised society.

    Objective: The objective of this study is to explore how tailoring to support older adults’ engagement in DT-mediated occupations could be schematised.

    Material and methods: The study employed a multiple case study methodology. There were nine cases, with each case involving an older adult undergoing a collaborative process to support engagement in DT-mediated occupations. The collaborative process was initiated through questionnaires, observations, and dialogues. Meetings and tailoring strategies were documented in fieldnotes and memos on tailoring, respectively. Semi-structured interviews concluded data collection. Cross-case synthesis was used in data analysis.

    Results: The result is a proposed scheme for tailoring to support older adults’ engagement in digital technology-mediated occupations, wherein strategies undertaken in the collaborative processes were synthesised and described.

    Conclusion and significance: The proposed scheme for tailoring could contribute to occupational therapists’ knowledge on how to support older adults’ engagement in contemporary occupations. Testing the model in various practice settings is recommended in order to enhance occupational therapy practice.

  • 342.
    Fischl, Caroline
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Johansson, Anna
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University.
    Nilsson, Ingeborg
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University.
    Building professional resilience to meet challenges emerging from digitalization2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Professional resilience deals with a person’s capacity to overcome challenges in one’s work or practice and to use resulting experiences for personal and professional development. Digitalization has become one of the challenges occupational therapists encounter today. Concerns include meeting clients with occupational issues involving digital technology, improving one’s own and clients’ digital competence, using telehealth in the workplace, and keeping updated with e-health products or services. Building professional resilience involves finding opportunities for reflection, discussions, and a supportive environment. Thus, the objective of this workshop is to provide an opportunity to reflect on one’s practice and share ideas and strategies to deal with challenges emerging from digitalization.

    The workshop will start with information about results from research and development work, continue with reflection and small group discussions, and close with a summary of what has been discussed. By the end of the workshop, participants are expected to (1) identify at least one personal strength to meet an identified challenge, (2) identify at least one strategy that can be applied in their own practice, and (3) identify at least one resource that can serve as support.

  • 343.
    Fischl, Caroline
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Larsson-Lund, M.
    Nyman, A.
    Nilsson, I.
    Nya roller för arbetsterapeuter i ett digitaliserat samhälle [New roles for occupational therapists in a digital society]2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 344.
    Fischl, Caroline
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping). Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lindelöf, Nina
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Helena
    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ingeborg
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Older adults’ perceptions of contexts surrounding their social participation in a digitalized society—an exploration in rural communities in Northern Sweden2020In: European Journal of Ageing, ISSN 1613-9372, E-ISSN 1613-9380, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 281-290Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social participation and digital engagement can contribute to health and well-being among older adults. Because of older adults’ decline in abilities, coupled with complex technology and its perceived insufficient relevance to daily life, there is a need to create and tailor social opportunities and services that are supported by digital technologies for older adults to continue participating in society. Thus, it becomes relevant to explore older adults’ perceptions about contexts surrounding their social participation in a digital society. This exploration used a qualitative research design with focus group interviews and qualitative content analysis. Eighteen older adults, aged 66–81 years, from rural communities in Northern Sweden, participated in this study. The analysis resulted in three categories: experiencing conditions for social participation in a state of flux, perceiving drawbacks of urbanization on social participation, and welcoming digital technology that facilitates daily and community living. These categories were encapsulated in the theme—the juxtaposition of narrowing offline social networks and expanding digital opportunities for social participation. The findings suggested that co-creating usable digitalized services and facilitating satisfactory use of digital technologies could support older adults’ social participation through activities that they find relevant in their lives, and subsequently, might enable them to live longer at home.

  • 345.
    Fischl, Caroline
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Department of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ARN-J (Aging Research Network - Jönköping).
    Lindgren, H.
    Att förbereda framtidens arbetsterapeuter för arbete i ett digitaliserat samhälle – Exempel från utbildningen [Preparing future occupational therapists for work in a digital society – Example from education]2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 346.
    Fischl, Caroline
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Malinowsky, Camilla
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Ingeborg
    Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Measurement of older adults’ performance in digital technology-mediated occupations and management of digital technology2021In: British Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 0308-0226, E-ISSN 1477-6006, Vol. 84, no 6, p. 376-387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Supporting older adults’ digital engagement requires an understanding of how occupational performance and technology use are related, as well as having a range of methods that can assist occupational therapists while observing occupational performance and management of technology. The study objectives were to investigate how older adults’ ability to perform digital technology-mediated occupations and ability to manage digital technology could be measured and to examine the association between these two abilities.

    Method: Twenty-five older adults were observed performing digital technology-mediated occupations and managing digital technologies, and were scored on two instruments: the Assessment of Computer-Related Skills and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment. FACETS was used to generate respective multifaceted Rasch measurement models for scores on the instruments. The Spearman correlation test was used to investigate correlation between person ability measures from respective Rasch models of the instruments.

    Results: The results include item, occupation, and technology difficulty estimates, as well as person ability measures that could illustrate older adults’ ability to perform occupations and to manage technology. There is also a strong positive correlation between these abilities.

    Conclusion: Insight into an older person’s ability to manage technology can provide information about his or her ability to perform digital technology-mediated occupations and vice versa.

  • 347.
    Floberg, Lisa
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    McEwan, Lisa
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Strokepatienters uppfattningar om rehabilitering i hemmet.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 348.
    Flygare Pettersson, Julia
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Jacklin, Isabelle
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Äldres upplevelse av dagliga aktiviteter efter fall: En kvalitativ intervjustudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Fall accidents are common among older people in Sweden. Despite that there is lack of studies about the affected person's experience after a fall. Purpose: The purpose of the study is therefore to describe how older people’s experience their daily activities after falling. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interviews. Nine people 71-94 years old from south Sweden have been participating in the interview study. The collected data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Result: The result was divided into three categories:  Feelings that affect the performance of activities, physical experiences that lead to limitations and strategies for managing everyday life. Many experienced tiredness, fear and anxiety after a fall. Even pain and impaired mobility occurred among the participants. The consequences after a fall were found to affect and limit the everyday life. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study the personal experiences, feelings and the experience of the fall had at least as much influence on the daily life as the physical injury.

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  • 349.
    Fogh Henriksen, Laura
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation.
    Smärtan i relation till aktiviteter i vardagen hos personer med RA: en scoping review2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between pain and everyday activities in adults with RA. The two issues focus on answering how pain affect everyday activities and how everyday activities affect pain in adults with RA.

    Method: The method scoping review, was applied to answer the aim and the issues through charting and summarizing current articles within the subject.

    Result: The result of the study was that pain affect everyday activities as well as everyday activi­ties affect pain. Pain affect different types of activities, but above all social activities and leisure activities. Activities could lead to increased pain. Different strategies were used to perform activities despite pain.

    Conslusion: Pain affect the amount and type of activities in the activity pattern in adults with RA in a negative way, which can lead to poor activity balance, which in turn leads to worsened health and wellbeing. Activities could affect pain negatively as well, for example a big amount of activities were performed during symptom free periods, which in turn could lead to both increased pain but also poor activity balance. Strategies that were used were to perform activi­ties as a distraction to and/or despite pain. These activities had a personal value and had a personal value according to the value dimensions of ValMO.

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    fulltext
  • 350.
    Fors, Nils Olov
    et al.
    Kanda University of International Studies, Chiba, Japan.
    Rusaw, David
    Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ, Dep. of Rehabilitation. Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, HHJ. ADULT.
    Languaged education: Developing language-conscious pedagogy for an undergraduate English-taught program at a Swedish university2021Conference paper (Refereed)
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