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  • 251.
    Gradin, P. O. Joakim
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik. Univ Grenoble Alpes, LPSC, 53 Ave Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
    Mårtensson, Mikael
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    Brenner, Richard
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    Comparison of two hardware-based hit filtering methods for trackers in high-pileup environments2018Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 13, artikkel-id P04019Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    As experiments in high energy physics aim to measure increasingly rare processes, the experiments continually strive to increase the expected signal yields. In the case of the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC, the luminosity is raised by increasing the number of simultaneous proton-proton interactions, so-called pileup. This increases the expected yields of signal and background processes alike. The signal is embedded in a large background of processes that mimic that of signal events. It is therefore imperative for the experiments to develop new triggering methods to effectively distinguish the interesting events from the background.& para;& para;We present a comparison of two methods for filtering detector hits to be used for triggering on particle tracks: one based on a pattern matching technique using Associative Memory (AM) chips and the other based on the Hough transform. Their efficiency and hit rejection are evaluated for proton-proton collisions with varying amounts of pileup using a simulation of a generic silicon tracking detector. It is found that, while both methods are feasible options for a track trigger with single muon efficiencies around 98-99%, the AM based pattern matching produces a lower number of hit combinations with respect to the Hough transform whilst keeping more of the true signal hits. We also present the effect on the two methods of increasing the amount of support material in the detector and of introducing inefficiencies by deactivating detector modules. The increased support material has negligable effects on the efficiency for both methods, while dropping 5% (10%) of the available modules decreases the efficiency to about 95% (87%) for both methods, irrespective of the amount of pileup.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 252.
    Greiffenberg, D.
    et al.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland .
    Becker, J.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
    Bianco, L.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
    Dinapoli, R.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland .
    Goettlicher, P.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
    Graafsma, Heinz
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
    Hirsemann, H.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
    Jack, S.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
    Klanner, R.
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
    Klyuev, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Krüger, H.
    University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
    Lange, S.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Marras, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Mozzanica, A.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland .
    Rah, S.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Schmitt, B.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland .
    Schwandt, J.
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
    Sheviakov, I.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Shi, X.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland .
    Trunk, U.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Zhang, J.
    University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
    Zimmer, M.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany .
    Optimization of the noise performance of the AGIPD prototype chips2013Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 8, nr 10, s. Art. no. P10022-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The charge integrating readout electronics AGIPD (adaptive gain integrating pixel detector) is a hybrid detector system developed for the European XFEL. It features a threefold dynamic gain switching to be able to resolve single photons and to cover a dynamic range of 104·12.4 keV photons. As a result of dynamic gain switching, single photon resolution will be achieved in the high gain stage, while the maximum dynamic range will be reached in the low gain stage. The specification to resolve single photons requires a signal-over-noise ratio of at least 10 for a single incoming photon with an energy of 12.4 keV. When using a silicon sensor, that translates to an equivalent noise charge of less than 343 e-. Several AGIPD prototype chips have been designed and characterized, particularly focusing on the noise performance. During the testing phase, the dominant noise sources were identified and the corresponding circuit blocks were improved in the subsequent ASICs. This paper reports on the procedures to identify the dominating noise sources, the optimization process of the circuit blocks and discusses the effect of the optimization on the noise performance.© 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

  • 253.
    Greiffenberg, D.
    et al.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Becker, J.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Bianco, L.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Dinapoli, R.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Goettlicher, P.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Graafsma, Heinz
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Hirsemann, H.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Jack, S.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Klanner, R.
    University of Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148 Hamburg, Germany.
    Klyuev, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Krüger, H.
    University of Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53012 Bonn, Germany .
    Lange, S.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Marras, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Mozzanica, A.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Rah, S.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Schmitt, B.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Schwandt, J.
    University of Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148 Hamburg, Germany .
    Sheviakov, I.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Shi, X.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Trunk, U.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Zhang, J.
    University of Hamburg, Mittelweg 177, 20148 Hamburg, Germany .
    Zimmer, M.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Mezza, D.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Allahgholi, A.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLB/006, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland .
    Xia, Q.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany .
    Towards AGIPD1.0: Optimization of the dynamic range and investigation of a pixel input protection2014Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 9, nr 6, s. Art. no. P06001-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AGIPD is a charge integrating, hybrid pixel readout ASIC, which is under development for the European XFEL [1,2]. A dynamic gain switching logic at the output of the preamplifier (preamp) is used to provide single photon resolution as well as covering a dynamic range of at least 104·12.4 keV photons [3,4]. Moreover, at each point of the dynamic range the electronics noise should be lower than the Poisson fluctuations, which is especially challenging at the points of gain switching. This paper reports on the progress of the chip design on the way to the first full-scale chip AGIPD1.0, focusing on the optimization of the dynamic range and the implementation of protection circuits at the preamplifier input to avoid pixel destruction due to high intense spots. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

  • 254.
    Hobein, Matthias
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Orban, Istvan
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Böhm, Stefanie
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Solders, Andreas
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Suhonen, Markus
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Fritioff, T.
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Tashenov, Stanislav
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Schuch, Reinhold
    Stockholms universitet, Fysikum.
    Optimization of the Stockholm R-EBIT for the production and extraction of highly charged ions2010Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 5, nr C11003Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a refrigerated EBIT (R-EBIT) commissioned at the AlbaNova Research Center at Stockholm University. As an innovative solution, the superconducting magnet and the trapping drift tubes of the R-EBIT are cooled to a temperature of 4 K by a set of two cooling heads connected to helium compressors. This dry, i.e. liquid helium and liquid nitrogen free, system is easily operated and creates highly charged ions at a fraction of the cost of traditional liquid-cooled systems. A pulsed and continuous gas injection system was developed to feed neutral particles into the electron beam in the trap region. This improves significantly the highly charged ion production and R-EBIT performance. Fast extraction of ions from the R-EBIT yields very short ( < 100 ns), charge-separated ion bunches which can be either analysed using a straight time-of-flight section or sent to experimental beam lines following selection in a bending magnet. An emittance meter was used to measure the emittance of the ions extracted from the R-EBIT. The extracted ions were also re-trapped in a cylindrical Penning trap and properties of the re-trapped ions have been measured using the emittance meter. Results of these measurements are reported in this publication.

  • 255.
    Hobein, Matthias
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Orban, Istvan
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Böhm, Stefanie
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Solders, Andreas
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Suhonen, Markus
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Fritioff, T.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Tashenov, Stanislav
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Schuch, Reinhold
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Optimization of the Stockholm R-EBIT for the production and extraction of highly charged ions2010Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 5, nr C11003Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a refrigerated EBIT (R-EBIT) commissioned at the AlbaNova Research Center at Stockholm University. As an innovative solution, the superconducting magnet and the trapping drift tubes of the R-EBIT are cooled to a temperature of 4 K by a set of two cooling heads connected to helium compressors. This dry, i.e. liquid helium and liquid nitrogen free, system is easily operated and creates highly charged ions at a fraction of the cost of traditional liquid-cooled systems. A pulsed and continuous gas injection system was developed to feed neutral particles into the electron beam in the trap region. This improves significantly the highly charged ion production and R-EBIT performance. Fast extraction of ions from the R-EBIT yields very short ( < 100 ns), charge-separated ion bunches which can be either analysed using a straight time-of-flight section or sent to experimental beam lines following selection in a bending magnet. An emittance meter was used to measure the emittance of the ions extracted from the R-EBIT. The extracted ions were also re-trapped in a cylindrical Penning trap and properties of the re-trapped ions have been measured using the emittance meter. Results of these measurements are reported in this publication.

  • 256.
    Jackson, Miranda S.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    The PoGOLite control system and software2013Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 8, nr 4, s. P04008-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The autonomous control system of PoGOLite is presented. PoGOLite is a balloon borne X-ray polarimeter designed to observe point sources. To obtain scientific data with optimal efficiency, independent of the ground connection, the payload control system has been made autonomous in most functions. The overall system architecture and the interconnections between components, as well as the automation philosophy and software, are described. Results of performance tests are given.

  • 257. Jentschel, M.
    et al.
    Blanc, A.
    de France, G.
    Koster, U.
    Leoni, S.
    Mutti, P.
    Simpson, G.
    Soldner, T.
    Ur, C.
    Urban, W.
    Ahmed, S.
    Astier, A.
    Augey, L.
    Back, T.
    Baczyk, P.
    Bajoga, A.
    Balabanski, D.
    Belgya, T.
    Benzoni, G.
    Bernards, C.
    Biswas, D. C.
    Bocchi, G.
    Bottoni, S.
    Britton, R.
    Bruyneel, B.
    Burnett, J.
    Cakirli, R. B.
    Carroll, R.
    Catford, W.
    Cederwall, Bo
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Kärnfysik.
    Celikovic, I.
    Cieplicka-Oryn'czak, N.
    Clement, E.
    Cooper, N.
    Crespi, F.
    Csatlos, M.
    Curien, D.
    Czerwinski, M.
    Danu, L. S.
    Davies, A.
    Didierjean, F.
    Drouet, F.
    Duche'ne, G.
    Ducoin, C.
    Eberhardt, K.
    Erturk, S.
    Fraile, L. M.
    Gottardo, A.
    Grente, L.
    Grocutt, L.
    Guerrero, C.
    Guinet, D.
    Hartig, A. -L
    Henrich, C.
    Ignatov, A.
    Ilieva, S.
    Ivanova, D.
    John, B. V.
    John, R.
    Jolie, J.
    Kisyov, S.
    Krticka, M.
    Konstantinopoulos, T.
    Korgul, A.
    Krasznahorkay, A.
    Kroell, T.
    Kurpeta, J.
    Kuti, I.
    Lalkovski, S.
    Larijani, C.
    Leguillon, R.
    Lica, R.
    Litaize, O.
    Lozeva, R.
    Magron, C.
    Mancuso, C.
    Martinez, E. Ruiz
    Massarczyk, R.
    Mazzocchi, C.
    Melon, B.
    Mengoni, D.
    Michelagnoli, C.
    Million, B.
    Mokry, C.
    Mukhopadhyay, S.
    Mulholland, K.
    Nannini, A.
    Napoli, D. R.
    Olaizola, B.
    Orlandi, R.
    Patel, Z.
    Paziy, V.
    Petrache, C.
    Pfeiffer, M.
    Pietralla, N.
    Podolyak, Z.
    Ramdhane, M.
    Redon, N.
    Regan, P.
    Regis, J. M.
    Regnier, D.
    Oliver, R. J.
    Rudigier, M.
    Runke, J.
    Rzaca-Urban, T.
    Saed-Samii, N.
    Salsac, M. D.
    Scheck, M.
    Schwengner, R.
    Sengele, L.
    Singh, P.
    Smith, J.
    Stezowski, O.
    Szpak, B.
    Thomas, T.
    Thuerauf, M.
    Timar, J.
    Tom, A.
    Tomandl, I.
    Tornyi, T.
    Townsley, C.
    Tuerler, A.
    Valenta, S.
    Vancraeyenest, A.
    Vandone, V.
    Vanhoy, J.
    Vedia, V.
    Warr, N.
    Werner, V.
    Wilmsen, D.
    Wilson, E.
    Zerrouki, T.
    Zielinska, M.
    EXILL - a high-efficiency, high-resolution setup for gamma-spectroscopy at an intense cold neutron beam facility2017Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 12, artikkel-id P11003Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In the EXILL campaign a highly efficient array of high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors was operated at the cold neutron beam facility PF1B of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) to carry out nuclear structure studies, via measurements of gamma-rays following neutron-induced capture and fission reactions. The setup consisted of a collimation system producing a pencil beam with a thermal capture equivalent flux of about 10(8) ns(-1)cm(2) at the target position and negligible neutron halo. The targetwas surrounded by an array of eight to ten anti-Compton shielded EXOGAMClover detectors, four to six anti-Compton shielded large coaxial GASP detectors and two standard Clover detectors. For a part of the campaign the array was combined with 16 LaBr3:(Ce) detectors from the FATIMA collaboration. The detectorswere arranged in an array of rhombicuboctahedron geometry, providing the possibility to carry out very precise angular correlation and directional-polarization correlation measurements. The triggerless acquisition system allowed a signal collection rate of up to 6 x 10(5) Hz. The data allowed to set multi-fold coincidences to obtain decay schemes and in combination with the FATIMA array of LaBr3:(Ce) detectors to analyze half-lives of excited levels in the pico-to microsecond range. Precise energy and efficiency calibrations of EXILL were performed using standard calibration sources of Ba-133, Co-60 and Eu-152 as well as data from the reactions Al-27(n, gamma)Al-28 and Cl-35(n,gamma)Cl-36 in the energy range from 30 keV up to 10MeV.

  • 258.
    Kanaki, K.
    et al.
    European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund.
    Klausz, M.
    European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund; Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, Hungary; Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Budapest, Hungary.
    Kittelmann, T.
    European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund.
    Albani, G.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
    Cippo, E. Perelli
    Assoc EURATOM ENEA CNR, Milan, Italy.
    Jackson, A.
    European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund; Lund Univ, Lund.
    Jaksch, S.
    Forschungszentrum Julich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum, Garching, Germany.
    Nielsen, T.
    European Spallation Source ERIC, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Zagyvai, P.
    Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, Hungary; Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Budapest, Hungary.
    Hall-Wilton, Richard
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, Lund.
    Detector rates for the Small Angle Neutron Scattering instruments at the European Spallation Source2018Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 13, artikkel-id P07016Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Building the European Spallation Source (ESS), the most powerful neutron source in the world, requires significant technological advances at most fronts of instrument component design. Detectors are not an exception. The existing implementations at current neutron scattering facilities are at their performance limits and sometimes barely cover the scientific needs. At full operation the ESS will yield unprecedented neutron brilliance. This means that one of the most challenging aspects for the new detector designs is the increased rate capability and in particular the peak instantaneous rate capability, i.e. the number of neutrons hitting the detector per channel, pixel or cm(2) at the peak of the neutron pulse. This paper focuses on estimating the incident and detection rates that are anticipated for the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instruments planned for ESS. Various approaches are applied and the results thereof are presented.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 259. Khromova, A.
    et al.
    Cautero, G.
    Giuressi, D.
    Menk, R.
    Pinaroli, G.
    Stebel, L.
    Correa, J.
    Marras, A.
    Wunderer, C. B.
    Lange, S.
    Tennert, M.
    Niemann, M.
    Hirsemann, H.
    Smoljanin, S.
    Reza, Salim
    Mittuniversitet.
    Graafsma, Heinz
    Göttlicher, P.
    Shevyakov, I.
    Supra, J.
    Xia, Q.
    Zimmer, M.
    Guerrini, N.
    Marsh, B.
    Sedgwick, I.
    Nicholls, .
    Turchetta, R.
    Pedersen, U.
    Tartoni, N.
    Hyun, H. J.
    Kim, K. S.
    Rah, S. Y.
    Hoenk, M. E.
    Jewell, A. D.
    Jones, T. J.
    Nikzad, J.
    Report on recent results of the PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager2016Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 11, artikkel-id C11020Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The PERCIVAL (Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large) soft X-ray 2D imaging detector is based on stitched, wafer-scale sensors possessing a thick epi-layer, which together with back-thinning and back-side illumination yields elevated quantum efficiency in the photon energy range of 125–1000 eV. Main application fields of PERCIVAL are foreseen in photon science with FELs and synchrotron radiation. This requires high dynamic range up to 105 ph @ 250 eV paired with single photon sensitivity with high confidence at moderate frame rates in the range of 10–120 Hz. These figures imply the availability of dynamic gain switching on a pixel-by-pixel basis and a highly parallel, low noise analog and digital readout, which has been realized in the PERCIVAL sensor layout. Different aspects of the detector performance have been assessed using prototype sensors with different pixel and ADC types. This work will report on the recent test results performed on the newest chip prototypes with the improved pixel and ADC architecture. For the target frame rates in the 10–120 Hz range an average noise floor of 14e− has been determined, indicating the ability of detecting single photons with energies above 250 eV. Owing to the successfully implemented adaptive 3-stage multiple-gain switching, the integrated charge level exceeds 4 centerdot 106 e− or 57000 X-ray photons at 250 eV per frame at 120 Hz. For all gains the noise level remains below the Poisson limit also in high-flux conditions. Additionally, a short overview over the updates on an oncoming 2 Mpixel (P2M) detector system (expected at the end of 2016) will be reported.

  • 260.
    Khromova, A.
    et al.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34128 Trieste, Italy .
    Cautero, G.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
    Giuressi, D.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
    Menk, R.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
    Pinaroli, G.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
    Stebel, L.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
    Correa, J.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Marras, A.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Wunderer, C.B.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Lange, S.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Tennert, M.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Niemann, M.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Hirsemann, H.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Smoljanin, S.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Luruper Ch. 149, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Reza, Salim
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Graafsma, Heinz
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Göttlicher, P.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Shevyakov, I.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Supra, J.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Xia, Q.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Zimmer, M.
    DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
    Guerrini, N.
    RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K..
    Marsh, B.
    RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K..
    Sedgwick, I.
    RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K..
    Nicholls, .
    RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K..
    Turchetta, R.
    RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K..
    Pedersen, U.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste,Trieste, Italy; Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy; DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Hamburg, Germany; DLS (Diamond Light Source), Didcot OX 11 ODE, U.K.; RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K.; PAL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory), Jigokro-127-beongil, 790 834 Pohang, Korea; j CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A. .
    Tartoni, N.
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste,Trieste, Italy; Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy; DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron), Hamburg, Germany; CFEL (Center for Free-Electron Laser Science), Hamburg, Germany; DLS (Diamond Light Source), Didcot OX 11 ODE, U.K.; RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory)/STFC, Didcot OX 11 OQX, U.K.; PAL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory), Jigokro-127-beongil, 790 834 Pohang, Korea; j CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A. .
    Hyun, H.J.
    PAL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory), Jigokro-127-beongil, 790 834 Pohang, Korea.
    Kim, K.S.
    PAL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory), Jigokro-127-beongil, 790 834 Pohang, Korea.
    Rah, S.Y.
    PAL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory), Jigokro-127-beongil, 790 834 Pohang, Korea.
    Hoenk, M.E.
    CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A..
    Jewell, A.D.
    CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A..
    Jones, T.J.
    CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A..
    Nikzad, J.
    CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 U.S.A..
    Report on recent results of the PERCIVAL soft X-ray imager2016Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 11, nr November, artikkel-id C11020Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The PERCIVAL (Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile And Large) soft X-ray 2D imaging detector is based on stitched, wafer-scale sensors possessing a thick epi-layer, which together with back-thinning and back-side illumination yields elevated quantum efficiency in the photon energy range of 125–1000 eV. Main application fields of PERCIVAL are foreseen in photon science with FELs and synchrotron radiation. This requires high dynamic range up to 105 ph @ 250 eV paired with single photon sensitivity with high confidence at moderate frame rates in the range of 10–120 Hz. These figures imply the availability of dynamic gain switching on a pixel-by-pixel basis and a highly parallel, low noise analog and digital readout, which has been realized in the PERCIVAL sensor layout. Different aspects of the detector performance have been assessed using prototype sensors with different pixel and ADC types. This work will report on the recent test results performed on the newest chip prototypes with the improved pixel and ADC architecture. For the target frame rates in the 10–120 Hz range an average noise floor of 14e− has been determined, indicating the ability of detecting single photons with energies above 250 eV. Owing to the successfully implemented adaptive 3-stage multiple-gain switching, the integrated charge level exceeds 4 centerdot 106 e− or 57000 X-ray photons at 250 eV per frame at 120 Hz. For all gains the noise level remains below the Poisson limit also in high-flux conditions. Additionally, a short overview over the updates on an oncoming 2 Mpixel (P2M) detector system (expected at the end of 2016) will be reported.

  • 261.
    Klamra, Wlodzimierz
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Balcerzyk, M.
    Czarnacki, W.
    Kozlov, V.
    Moszynski, M.
    Syntfeld-Kazuch, A.
    Szczesniak, T.
    Light yield non-proportionality of undoped YAP scintillator2009Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 4Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Scintillation properties of undoped YAP crystal were studied. The emission spectra show a very intense light component at 360 nm. Analysis of the light pulse shape resulted in five components, four of them, with time constants of 38+/-2 ns, 92+/-3 ns, 7.5+/-0.5 mu s and 24+/-3 mu s, representing high light intensity. The light yield was found to be temperature dependent, N-ph=3090+/-130 ph/MeV at liquid nitrogen temperature and N-ph=1440+/-60 ph/MeV at room temperature. Also the light yield non-proportionality shows temperature dependence and is more pronounced at room temperature.

  • 262.
    Klamra, Wlodzimierz
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Sibczynski, P.
    Moszynski, M.
    Czarnacki, W.
    Kozlov, V.
    Extensive studies on light yield non-proportional response of undoped CeF3 at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures2013Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 8, nr 6, s. P06003-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper properties of various undoped CeF3 scintillators were investigated at room and liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperatures. The study was focused on measurements of radioluminescence spectra, decay time, non-proportional response to X-and gamma-rays, energy and intrinsic resolution at different temperature environment. Surprisingly, all the tested pure CeF3 crystals show non-proportional response up to 5.1 MeV gamma ray energy, which is contrary to the typical nonproportionality observed below 100 keV for most of the inorganic scintillators. The investigation of the phenomenon occurring in CeF3 scintillators would be another step to get a better knowledge of the scintillators nature, which still has not been entirely understood.

  • 263.
    Klamra, Wlodzimierz
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Sibczynski, P.
    Moszynski, M.
    Kozlov, V.
    Light yield nonproportionality of doped CeF3 scintillators2014Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 9, s. P07013-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper measurements of emission spectra, light output and nonproportional response of CeF3 scintillators doped with Ca, Sr, Ba and Pr were conducted. Results showed degradation of the light output for the doped samples in comparison with an undoped CeF3. For each scintillator the nonproportional response on gamma radiation showed unusual lack of saturation at 100 keV, as observed previously for undoped CeF3 samples.

  • 264.
    Klamra, Wlodzimierz
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Szczesniak, T.
    Moszynski, M.
    Iwanowska, J.
    Swiderski, L.
    Syntfeld-Kazuch, A.
    Shlegel, V. N.
    Vasiliev, Ya V.
    Galashov, E. N.
    Properties of CdWO4 and ZnWO4 scintillators at liquid nitrogen temperature2012Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. P03011-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Two samples of 10 mm diameter and 10 mm height CdWO4 and ZnWO4 scintillators were studied at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. At room temperature the crystals were coupled to a Photonis XP3212 photomultiplier. During experiments at low temperatures a Large Area Avalanche Photodiode was used as a photodetector. Measurements of light output, c of the light yield and intrinsic resolution as a function of gamma-ray energies were performed at both temperatures. The non-proportionality for the two crystals reveals temperature dependence, showing a more proportional behavior at liquid nitrogen temperature. Intrinsic energy resolution values for both crystals also show temperature dependence.

  • 265.
    Koch, L.
    et al.
    Univ Giessen, Phys Inst 2, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany..
    Denig, A.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 45, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Drexler, P.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 45, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Garillon, B.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 45, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Johansson, Tord
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Kärnfysik.
    Kühn, W.
    Univ Giessen, Phys Inst 2, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany..
    Lange, S.
    Univ Giessen, Phys Inst 2, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany..
    Lauth, W.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 45, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Liang, Y.
    Univ Giessen, Phys Inst 2, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany..
    Marcinievski, Pawel
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Kärnfysik.
    Rathmann, T.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 45, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Redmer, C.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 45, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    The Crystal Zero Degree Detector at BESIII2017Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 12, artikkel-id C07001Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The BESIII experiment at the BEPCII electron positron collider at IHEP (Beijing) is collecting data in the charm-tau mass region. Electron positron collisions are a very well suited environment for the study of initial state radiation (ISR). However, the photons from ISR are strongly peaked towards small polar angles and are currently detected with limited efficiency. In order to increase the detection efficiency of ISR photons, we are developing small-size calorimeters to be placed in the very forward and backward regions. Each detector will consist of two 4 x 3 arrays of 1 x 1 x 14 cm(3) LYSO crystals. A 1 cm gap separating each of the two arrays will reduce the contamination from background at very low angles. The scintillation light will be collected by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The expected event rate in the MHz range requires flash ADCs recording the preamplified SiPM outputs. The digitized waveforms will be analyzed in realtime yielding data reduction and pile-up detection. This high bandwidth data stream will be transmitted via optical fibers to FPGA-based hardware performing sub-event building, buffering, and event correlation with the BESIII trigger. The sub-events with a corresponding trigger will be sent to the BESIII event builder via TCP/IP. A single crystal equipped with a SiPM was instrumented as a prototype detector. Tests with radioactive sources were performed successfully.

  • 266. Kok, A.
    et al.
    Kohout, Z.
    Hansen, T. -E
    Petersson, Sture
    KTH.
    Pospisil, S.
    Rokne, J.
    Slavicek, T.
    Soligard, S.
    Thungström, G.
    Vykydal, Z.
    Silicon sensors with pyramidal structures for neutron imaging2014Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 9, s. C04011-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Neutron detection is a valuable tool in nuclear science research, homeland security, quality assurance in nuclear plants and medical applications. Recent developments and near future instrumentations in neutron imaging have a need for sensors with high spatial resolution, dynamic range, sensitivity and background discrimination. Silicon based neutron detectors can potentially fulfil these requirements. In this work, pad and pixel detectors with pyramidal micro-structures have been successfully fabricated that should have an improved detection efficiency when compared to conventional planar devices. Titanium di-boride (TiB2) and lithium fluoride (LiF) were deposited as the neutron converters. Excellent electrical performances were measured on both simple pad and pixel detectors. A selection of pad detectors was examined by alpha spectroscopy. Measurement with thermal neutrons from a 241Am-Be source shows an improvement in relative efficiency of up to 38% when compared to conventional planar devices.

  • 267.
    Kok, A.
    et al.
    SINTEF ICT, Dept Microsyst & Nanotechnol, Oslo, Norway.
    Kohout, Z.
    Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
    Hansen, T. -E
    SINTEF ICT, Dept Microsyst & Nanotechnol, Oslo, Norway.
    Petersson, Sture
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
    Pospisil, S.
    Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
    Rokne, J.
    Oslo & Akershus Univ, Coll Appl Sci, Dept Ind Dev, Oslo, Norway.
    Slavicek, T.
    Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
    Soligard, S.
    Oslo & Akershus Univ, Coll Appl Sci, Dept Ind Dev, Oslo, Norway.
    Thungström, Göran
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Vykydal, Z.
    Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
    Silicon sensors with pyramidal structures for neutron imaging2014Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 9, s. Art. no. C04011-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Neutron detection is a valuable tool in nuclear science research, homeland security, quality assurance in nuclear plants and medical applications. Recent developments and near future instrumentations in neutron imaging have a need for sensors with high spatial resolution, dynamic range, sensitivity and background discrimination. Silicon based neutron detectors can potentially fulfil these requirements. In this work, pad and pixel detectors with pyramidal micro-structures have been successfully fabricated that should have an improved detection efficiency when compared to conventional planar devices. Titanium di-boride (TiB2) and lithium fluoride (LiF) were deposited as the neutron converters. Excellent electrical performances were measured on both simple pad and pixel detectors. A selection of pad detectors was examined by alpha spectroscopy. Measurement with thermal neutrons from a 241Am-Be source shows an improvement in relative efficiency of up to 38% when compared to conventional planar devices.

  • 268.
    Kovtun, Yu.
    et al.
    Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Inst Plasma Phys, 1 Akad Skaya St, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine..
    Goriaev, A.
    Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Lab Plasma Phys, 30 Ave Renaissancelaan, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium..
    Lopez-Rodriguez, D.
    Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Lab Plasma Phys, 30 Ave Renaissancelaan, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.;Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys, Sint Pietersnieuwstr 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Dittrich, Laura
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Elektroteknik, Fusionsplasmafysik.
    Petersson, Per
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Elektroteknik, Fusionsplasmafysik.
    Moon, S.
    ITER Org, Route Vinon Sur Verdon,CS 90046, F-13067 Paul Lez Durance, France..
    Wauters, T.
    ITER Org, Route Vinon Sur Verdon,CS 90046, F-13067 Paul Lez Durance, France..
    Crombe, K.
    Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Lab Plasma Phys, 30 Ave Renaissancelaan, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.;Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys, Sint Pietersnieuwstr 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Moeller, S.
    Buermans, J.
    Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Lab Plasma Phys, 30 Ave Renaissancelaan, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium..
    Verstraeten, M.
    Ecole Royale Mil, Koninklijke Mil Sch, Lab Plasma Phys, 30 Ave Renaissancelaan, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium..
    Brezinsek, S.
    Forschungszentrum Julich, Plasma Phys, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52428 Julich, Germany..
    Overview of TOMAS plasma diagnostics2023Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 18, nr 2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an overview of the TOMAS plasma diagnostics. The Langmuir probe method is employed to measure electron temperature, density and floating potential distributions. Two triple probes (horizontal and vertical distributions) and a single probe (horizontal distribution) are used. The measured plasma parameters by the triple and single probes are compared. The ion and neutral atom flux and energy distribution is respectively characterized with a Residual Field Energy Analyzer and a Time-of-Flight Neutral Particle Ana-lyzer. To determine the elemental/charge content of the plasma, the passive method of time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy is used. The time dependence of the integral flow of plasma emission from the discharge is registered by a photodetector. Using a filter allows the photodetector to measure spectral line intensities. To record a wide variety of plasma events several video diagnostics are used. It includes slow video cameras and one high-speed camera in the visible range including Hα.

  • 269.
    Krapohl, David
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Esebamen, Omeime Xerviar
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Nilsson, Hans-Erik
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Thungström, Göran
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik.
    Simulation and measurement of short infrared pulses on silicon position sensitive device2011Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 6, nr C01036Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Lateral position sensitive devices (PSD) are important for triangulation, alignment and surface measurements as well as for angle measurements. Large PSDs show a delay on rising and falling edges when irradiated with near infra-red light [1]. This delay is also dependent on the spot position relative to the electrodes. It is however desirable in most applications to have a fast response. We investigated the responsiveness of a Sitek PSD in a mixed mode simulation of a two dimensional full sized detector. For simulation and measurement purposes focused light pulses with awavelength of 850 nm, duration of 1 µs and spot size of 280 µm were used. The cause for the slopes of rise and fall time is due to time constants of the device capacitance as well as the photo- generation mechanism itself [1]. To support the simulated results, we conducted measurements of rise and fall times on a physical device. Additionally, we quantified the homogeneity of the device by repositioning a spot of light from a pulsed ir-laser diode on the surface area.

  • 270.
    Krapohl, David
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Fröjdh, Christer
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Fröjdh, Erik
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Maneuski, D
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom .
    Nilsson, Hans-Erik
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Investigation of charge collection in a CdTe-Timepix detector2013Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 8, nr May, s. Art. no. C05003-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy calibration of CdTe detectors is usually done using known reference sources disregarding the exact amount of charge that is collected in the pixels. However, to compare detector and detector model the quantity of charge collected is needed. We characterize the charge collection in a CdTe detector comparing test pulses, measured data and an improved TCAD simulation model [1]. The 1 mm thick detector is bump-bonded to a TIMEPIX chip and operating in Time-over-Threshold (ToT) mode. The resistivity in the simulation was adjusted to match the detector properties setting a deep intrinsic donor level [2]. This way it is possible to adjust properties like trap concentration, electron/hole lifetime and mobility in the simulation characterizing the detector close to measured data cite [3].

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Krapohl_Investigation_of_charge_collection
  • 271.
    Krapohl, David
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Nilsson, Hans-Erik
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Petersson, Sture
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Pospisil, S
    Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP), Czech Technical University, Horskà 3a/22, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
    Slavicek, Tomas
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Thungström, Göran
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Simulation of a silicon neutron detector coated with TiB 2 absorber2012Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 7, nr 1, s. Art. no. C01096-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Neutron radiation cannot be directly detected in semiconductor detectors and therefore needs converter layers. Planar clean-room processing can be used in the manufacturing process of semiconductor detectors with metal layers to produce a cost-effective device. We used the Geant4 Monte-Carlo toolkit to simulate the performance of a semiconductor neutron detector. A silicon photo-diode was coated with vapour deposited titanium, aluminium thin films and a titaniumdiboride (TiB 2) neutron absorber layer. The neutron capture reaction 10B(n, alpha)7Li is taken advantage of to create charged particles that can be counted. Boron-10 has a natural abundance of about SI 19.8%. The emitted alpha particles are absorbed in the underlying silicon detector. We varied the thickness of the converter layer and ran the simulation with a thermal neutron source in order to find the best efficiency of the TiB 2 converter layer and optimize the clean room process. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

  • 272.
    Kubancak, J.
    et al.
    Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic; Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic.
    Ambrozova, I.
    Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Buetikofer, R.
    University of Bern and International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat, Bern, Switzerland.
    Kudela, K.
    Slovak Academic of Science, Košice, Slovakia .
    Langer, R.
    Slovak Academic of Science, Košice, Slovakia .
    Davidkova, M.
    Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Ploc, O.
    Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Malusek, Alexandr
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Liulin silicon semiconductor spectrometers as cosmic ray monitors at  the high mountain observatories Jungfraujoch and Lomnický štít2014Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 9, nr P07018Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Currently, most cosmic ray data are obtained by detectors on satellites, aircraft, high-altitude balloons and ground (neutron monitors). In our work, we examined whether Liulin semiconductor spectrometers (simple silicon planar diode detectors with spectrometric properties) located at high mountain observatories could contribute new information to the monitoring of cosmic rays by analyzing data from selected solar events between 2005 and 2013. The decision thresholds and detection limits of these detectors placed at Jungfraujoch (Switzerland; 3475 m a.s.l.; vertical cut-off rigidity 4.5 GV) and Lomnicky. stit (Slovakia; 2633 m a.s.l.; vertical cut-off rigidity 3.84 GV) highmountain observatories were determined. The data showed that only the strongest variations of the cosmic ray flux in this period were detectable. The main limitation in the performance of these detectors is their small sensitive volume and low sensitivity of the PIN photodiode to neutrons.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 273.
    Kushwah, Rakhee
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Stana, T. A.
    Pearce, Mark
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    The design and performance of CUBES - a CubeSat X-ray detector2021Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 16, nr 8, artikkel-id P08038Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    CUBES is a X-ray detector payload which will be installed on the KTH 3U CubeSat mission, MIST. The detector comprises cerium-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG) scintillators read out with silicon photomultipliers through a Citiroc Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. The detector operates in the energy range similar to 35-800 keV. The aim of the CUBES mission is to provide experience in the operation of these relatively new technologies in a high-inclination low earth orbit, thereby providing confidence for component selection in more complex satellite missions. The design of the CUBES detector is described, and results from performance characterisation tests carried out on a prototype of CUBES, called Proto-CUBES, are reported. Proto-CUBES was flown on a stratospheric balloon platform from Timmins, Canada, in August 2019. During the similar to 12 hour long flight, the performance of Proto-CUBES was studied in the near-space environment. As well as measuring the X-ray counts spectra at different atmospheric depths, a 511 keV line from positron annihilation was observed.

  • 274.
    Lin, Zuzeng
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik. Tianjin Univ, Sch Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn, Weijin Rd 92, Tianjin, Peoples R China..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Kvant- och biofotonik.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Kvant- och biofotonik.
    Jons, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Kvant- och biofotonik.
    Efficient and versatile toolbox for analysis of time-tagged measurements2021Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 16, nr 8Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Acquisition and analysis of time-tagged events is a ubiquitous tool in scientific and industrial applications. With increasing time resolution, number of input channels, and acquired events, the amount of data can be overwhelming for standard processing techniques. We developed the Extensible Time-tag Analyzer (ETA), a powerful and versatile, yet easy to use software to efficiently analyze and display time-tagged data. Our tool allows for flexible extraction of correlation from time-tagged data beyond start-stop measurements that were traditionally used. A combination of state diagrams and simple code snippets allows for analysis of arbitrary complexity while keeping computational efficiency high.

  • 275.
    Maneuski, D.
    et al.
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
    Astromskas, V
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
    Fröjdh, Erik
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Fröjdh, Christer
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier.
    Gimenez, E
    Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
    Marchal, J
    Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
    O'Shea, V
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
    Stewart, G.
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
    Tartoni, N
    Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
    Wilhelm, H.
    Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
    Wraight, K
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
    Zain, R
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
    Imaging and spectroscopic performance studies of pixellated CdTe Timepix detector2012Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 7, nr 1, s. Art. no. C01038-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work the results on imaging and spectroscopic performances of 14 × 14 × 1 mm CdTe detectors with 55 × 55Όm and 110 × 110Όm pixel pitch bump-bonded to a Timepix chip are presented. The performance of the 110 × 110Όm pixel detector was evaluated at the extreme conditions beam line I15 of the Diamond Light Source. The energy of X-rays was set between 25 and 77 keV. The beam was collimated through the edge slits to 20Όm FWHM incident in the middle of the pixel. The detector was operated in the time-over-threshold mode, allowing direct energy measurement. Energy in the neighbouring pixels was summed for spectra reconstruction. Energy resolution at 77 keV was found to be ΔE/E = 3.9%. Comparative imaging and energy resolution studies were carried out between two pixel size detectors with a fluorescence target X-ray tube and radioactive sources. The 110 × 110Όm pixel detector exhibited systematically better energy resolution in comparison to 55 × 55Όm. An imaging performance of 55 × 55Όm pixellated CdTe detector was assessed using the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) technique and compared to the larger pixel. A considerable degradation in MTF was observed for bias voltages below -300 V. Significant room for improvement of the detector performance was identified both for imaging and spectroscopy and is discussed. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

  • 276.
    Marcer, G.
    et al.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy..
    Zohar, A.
    Jozef Stefan Inst, Reactor Phys Dept, Ljubljana, Slovenia..
    Dal Molin, A.
    CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Rebai, M.
    CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Nocente, M.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy.;CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Panontin, E.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy..
    Croci, G.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy..
    Gorini, G.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy.;CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Grosso, G.
    CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Muraro, A.
    CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Cippo, E. Perelli
    CNR, Inst Plasma Sci & Technol, Via Roberto Cozzi, Milan, Italy..
    Putignano, O.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo, Milan, Italy..
    Luna, E. de la
    CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Madrid, Spain..
    Ghani, Z.
    Conroy, Sean
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Garcia, J.
    CEA, IRFM, St Paul Les Durance, France..
    Kazakov, Y.
    ERM KMS, Lab Plasma Phys, Ave Renaissancelaan, Brussels, Belgium..
    Kiptily, V.
    United Kingdom Atom Energy Author, Culham Ctr Fus Energy, Abingdon, England..
    Maslov, M.
    United Kingdom Atom Energy Author, Culham Ctr Fus Energy, Abingdon, England..
    Nave, M. F. F.
    Univ Tecn Lisboa, Assoc EURATOM IST, Ave Rovisco Pais, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Ongena, J.
    ERM KMS, Lab Plasma Phys, Ave Renaissancelaan, Brussels, Belgium..
    Tardocchi, M.
    Contributors, J E T
    Analytical and MonteCarlo approaches to infer the total gamma ray emission from the JET tokamak2023Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 18, artikkel-id C05020Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A single gamma-ray spectrometer installed at the end of a collimator can be used to infer the total emission from a tokamak plasma if the transport of gamma-rays from the plasma to the detector is known. In such analysis, the plasma emission profile plays a fundamental role, since it impacts the fraction of plasma volume intercepted by the detector line of sight. In this work, the DT 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays emission profile of the JET discharge #99608 from second 46 to 48 has been estimated both with the TRANSP code and reconstructed through tomographic inversion based on the neutron camera data, assuming that fusion gamma-rays have the same profile as the 14 MeV fusion neutrons. The gamma-ray transport has been evaluated both by MonteCarlo simulations and analytical calculations. By combining MonteCarlo and analytical evaluations of the gamma-ray transport in different ways with the estimated radiation emission profile, we provide four different routes to determine the total gamma-ray yield from measurements whose results agree within better than 10%.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 277.
    Marcinkevicius, Benjaminas
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Andersson Sundén, Erik
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Conroy, Sean
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Ericsson, Göran
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Hjalmarsson, Anders
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    A Thin-foil Proton Recoil spectrometer for DT neutrons using annular silicon detectors2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id P03007Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of Thin-foil Proton Recoil (TPR) spectrometers to measure neutrons from Deuterium-Tritium (DT) fusion plasma has been studied previously and is a well established technique for neutron spectrometry. The study presented here focuses on the optimisation of the TPR spectrometer configurations consisting of Delta E and E silicon detectors. In addition an investigation of the spectrometer's ability to determine fuel ion temperature and fuel ion density ratio in ITER like DT plasmas has been performed. A Python code was developed for the purpose of calculating detection efficiency and energy resolution as a function of several spectrometer geometrical parameters. An optimisation of detection efficiency for selected values of resolution was performed regarding the geometrical spectrometer parameters using a multi-objective optimisation, a.k.a. Pareto plot analysis. Moreover, the influence of detector segmentation on spectrometer energy resolution and efficiency was investigated. The code also produced response functions for the two selected spectrometer configurations. The SPEC code was used to simulate the spectrometer's performance in determining the fuel ion temperature and fuel ion density ratio n(t)/n(d). The results presented include the selected spectrometer configuration with calculated energy resolution and efficiency. For a selected spectrometer resolution of 5% a maximum efficiency of around 0.003% was achieved. Moreover, the detector segmentation allows for a 20% increase in spectrometer efficiency for an energy resolution of 4.3%. The ITER requirements for a 20% accuracy on the n(t)/n(d) ratio determination and 10% on the temperature determination within a 100 ms sampling window can be achieved using a combination of several TPR's of same type, in order to boost efficiency.

  • 278.
    Marcinkevicius, Benjaminas
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Andersson Sundén, Erik
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Hjalmarsson, Anders
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Estimates of TPR spectrometer instrumental signal-to-background ratios and count rate limits for ITER like plasmas2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id C09008Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The work presented is a realistic simulation of the response function for a detection efficiency optimized Thin-foil proton recoil (TPR) neutron spectrometer. The TPR spectrometer consists of a thin foil acting as neutron-to-proton converter followed by Delta E-E detectors operating in coincidence mode. In this work, two different spectrometer designs were considered using segmented silicon detectors. Design 1 has slightly better resolution while design 2 is more compact and has higher efficiency. The TPR spectrometer response functions were simulated in the energy range 8-18 MeV in steps of 40 keV for the two designs using the dedicated Monte Carlo code GEANT4. The resulting simulated response functions were broadened using experimentally determined energy resolutions of the detectors, in order to produce more realistic response functions. Using these broadened response functions together with an ITER like neutron spectrum and neutron induced background simulations Delta E/E energy deposition plots were created. The energy-cuts, for 14 MeV neutron signal identification, were applied to the Delta E-E plots leading to an estimate of the expected signal-to-background ratio. In addition, pile-up fraction and maximum expected count rates were estimated. Results show that the Delta E-E energy cuts show a great prospect of increasing the signal-to background ratio for the TPR spectrometer. In addition the TPR spectrometer has energy resolution (FWHM/E) of around 5% for 14 MeV neutrons for both investigated designs. The spectrometer can cope with maximum count rate expected and have a sufficient signal-to-background ratio in the neutron energy range of interest to perform fuel ion ratio measurements. However an increase of acquisition channels would be beneficial to limit the pile-up rate.

  • 279.
    Margato, L. M. S.
    et al.
    Univ Coimbra, Portugal.
    Morozov, A.
    Univ Coimbra, Portugal.
    Blanco, A.
    Univ Coimbra, Portugal.
    Fonte, P.
    Univ Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Polytech ISEC, Portugal.
    Fraga, F. A. F.
    Univ Coimbra, Portugal.
    Guerard, B.
    ILL Inst Laue Langevin, France.
    Hall-Wilton, R.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden; Mid Sweden Univ, Sweden.
    Höglund, Carina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tunnfilmsfysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten. European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Mangiarotti, A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Robinson, L.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Schmidt, Susann
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden; IHI Ionbond AG, Switzerland.
    Zeitelhack, K.
    Tech Univ Munich, Germany.
    Boron-10 lined RPCs for sub-millimeter resolution thermal neutron detectors: Feasibility study in a thermal neutron beam2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id P01017Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The results of an experimental feasibility study of a position sensitive thermal neutron detector based on a resistive plate chamber (RPC) are presented. The detector prototype features a thin-gap (0.35 mm) hybrid RPC with an aluminium cathode and a float glass anode. The cathode is lined with a 2 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 neutron converter enriched in B-10. A detection efficiency of 6.2% is measured at the neutron beam (lambda = 2.5 angstrom) for normal incidence. A spatial resolution better than 0.5 mm FWHM is demonstrated.

  • 280.
    Margato, L. M. S.
    et al.
    Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, LIP Coimbra, Rua Larga, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal..
    Morozov, A.
    Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Blanco, A.
    Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Fonte, P.
    Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Polytech ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Fraga, F. A. F.
    Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Guerard, B.
    ILL Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France.
    Hall-Wilton, Richard
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion. European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Lund.
    Höglund, C.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Lund; Linköping Univ, Linköping.
    Mangiarotti, A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Robinson, L.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Lund.
    Schmidt, S.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Lund; IHI Ionbond AG, Olten, Switzerland.
    Zeitelhack, K.
    Tech Univ Munich, Garching, Germany.
    Boron-10 lined RPCs for sub-millimeter resolution thermal neutron detectors: Feasibility study in a thermal neutron beam2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, nr 1, artikkel-id P01017Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The results of an experimental feasibility study of a position sensitive thermal neutron detector based on a resistive plate chamber (RPC) are presented. The detector prototype features a thin-gap (0.35 mm) hybrid RPC with an aluminium cathode and a float glass anode. The cathode is lined with a 2 mu m thick (B4C)-B-10 neutron converter enriched in B-10. A detection efficiency of 6.2% is measured at the neutron beam (lambda = 2.5 angstrom) for normal incidence. A spatial resolution better than 0.5 mm FWHM is demonstrated.

  • 281.
    Marinelli, A.
    et al.
    Complesso Univ, INFN Sez Napoli, Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy..
    Ambrosone, A.
    Complesso Univ, INFN Sez Napoli, Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy.;Univ Studi Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy..
    Ibnsalih, W. I.
    Complesso Univ, INFN Sez Napoli, Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy.;Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Viale Lincoln 5, I-81100 Caserta, Italy..
    Miele, G.
    Complesso Univ, INFN Sez Napoli, Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy.;Univ Studi Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy.;Univ Napoli Federico II, Scuola Super Merid, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Naples, Italy..
    Migliozzi, P.
    Complesso Univ, INFN Sez Napoli, Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy..
    Pisanti, O.
    Complesso Univ, INFN Sez Napoli, Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy.;Univ Studi Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Fis Ettore Pancini, Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy..
    Sharma, Ankur
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    KM3NeT/ARCA expectations in view of a novel multimessenger study of starburst galaxies2021Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 16, nr 12, artikkel-id C12016Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Starburst galaxies (SBGs) and more in general star-forming galaxies represent a class of galaxies with a high star formation rate (up to 100M(circle dot)/year). Despite their low luminosity, they can be considered as guaranteed "factories" of high energy neutrinos, being "reservoirs" of accelerated cosmic rays and hosting a high density target gas in the central region. In this contribution we present a novel multimessenger study of these sources and the possibility of observing their neutrino signals with the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope. The differential sensitivity for different SBG scenarios is reported considering track-like neutrino events in the 100 GeV-100 PeV energy range.

  • 282. Marras, A.
    et al.
    Klujev, A.
    Lange, S.
    Laurus, T.
    Pennicard, D.
    Trunk, U.
    Wunderer, C. B.
    Krueger, H.
    Graafsma, Heinz
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Institutionen för data- och elektroteknik (2023-). Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Hamburg, Germany.
    Development of the Continuous Readout Digitising Imager Array detector2024Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 19, nr 3, artikkel-id C03006Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The CoRDIA project aims to develop an X-ray imager capable of continuous operation in excess of 100 kframe/s. The goal is to provide a suitable instrument for Photon Science experiments at diffraction-limited Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers considering Continuous Wave operation. Several chip prototypes were designed in a 65 nm process: in this paper we will present an overview of the challenges and solutions adopted in the ASIC design. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 283.
    Maslik, Jan
    et al.
    Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic.
    Andersson, Henrik
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Forsberg, Viviane
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för naturvetenskap.
    Engholm, Magnus
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion.
    Zhang, Renyun
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för naturvetenskap.
    Olin, Håkan
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för naturvetenskap.
    PEDOT:PSS temperature sensor ink-jet printed on paper substrate2018Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 13, artikkel-id C12010Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work we present an ink-jet printed temperature sensor consisting of PEDOT:PSSprinted on paper suitable for packaging, flexible electronics and other printed applications. Thesubstrate showed to have a large influence on both the resistance aswell as the temperature sensitivityof the PEDOT:PSS ink. This effect is most likely due to NaCl content in the photo paper coating,which reacts with the PEDOT:PSS. The temperature coefficient of a prepared device of  α= -0.030 relative to room temperature (22°C) was measured, which is higher than compared to for exampleSilicon α = -0.075.

  • 284.
    Mauri, G.
    et al.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden; STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, England.
    Apostolidis, I
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Christensen, M. J.
    Data Management and Software Ctr, Denmark.
    Glavic, A.
    Paul Scherrer Inst, Switzerland.
    Lai, Chung-Chuan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tunnfilmsfysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten. European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Laloni, A.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Messi, F.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Olsson, A. Lindh
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Robinson, L.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Stahn, J.
    Paul Scherrer Inst, Switzerland.
    Svensson, P. O.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    Hall-Wilton, R.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden; Univ Milano Bicocca, Italy.
    Piscitelli, F.
    European Spallat Source ERIC ESS, Sweden.
    The Multi-Blade Boron-10-based neutron detector performance using a focusing reflectometer2020Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 15, nr 3, artikkel-id P03010Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Multi-Blade is a Boron-10-based neutron detector designed for neutron reflectometers and developed for the two instruments (Estia and FREIA) planned for the European Spallation Source in Sweden. A demonstrator has been installed at the AMOR reflectometer at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI - Switzerland). AMOR exploits the Selene guide concept and can be considered a scaled-down demonstrator of Estia. The results of these tests are discussed. It will be shown how the characteristics of the Multi-Blade detector are features that allow the focusing reflectometry operation mode. Additionally the performance of the Multi-Blade, in terms of rate capability, exceeds current state-of-the-art technology. The improvements with respect to the previous prototypes are also highlighted; from background considerations to the linear and angular uniformity response of the detector.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 285.
    Mauri, G.
    et al.
    European Spallat Source ERIC Lund; Univ Perugia, Dept Phys, Perugia, Italy.
    Messi, F.
    European Spallat Source ERIC Lund; Lund University, Lund.
    Kanaki, K.
    European Spallat Source ERIC Lund.
    Hall-Wilton, Richard
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. European Spallat Source ERIC Lund.
    Karnickis, E.
    European Spallat Source ERIC Lund.
    Khaplanov, A.
    European Spallat Source ERIC Lund.
    Piscitelli, F.
    European Spallat Source ERIC Lund.
    Fast neutron sensitivity of neutron detectors based on Boron-10 converter layers2018Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 13, nr 3, artikkel-id P03004Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last few years many detector technologies for thermal neutron detection have been developed in order to face the shortage of He-3, which is now much less available and more expensive. Moreover the He-3-based detectors can not fulfil the requirements in performance, e.g. the spatial resolution and the counting rate capability needed for the new instruments. The Boron-10-based gaseous detectors have been proposed as a suitable choice. This and other alternative technologies are being developed at ESS. Higher intensities mean higher signals but higher background as well. The signal-to-background ratio is an important feature to study, in particular the gamma-ray and the fast neutron contributions. This paper investigates, for the first time, the fast neutrons sensitivity of B-10-based thermal neutron detector. It presents the study of the detector response as a function of energy threshold and the underlying physical mechanisms. The latter are explained with the help of theoretical considerations and simulations.

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    fulltext
  • 286.
    Mezza, D.
    et al.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Allahgholi, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Delfs, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Dinapoli, R.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Goettlicher, P.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Graafsma, Heinz
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion. Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Greiffenberg, D.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Hirsemann, H.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Klyuev, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Laurus, T.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Marras, A.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Mozzanica, A.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Perova, I.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Poehlsen, J.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Schmitt, B.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Sheviakov, I.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Shi, X.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Trunk, U.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Xia, Q.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    Zhang, J.
    Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), OFLC/001, Villigen, Switzerland.
    Zimmer, M.
    Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany.
    New calibration circuitry and concept for AGIPD2016Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 11, nr 11, artikkel-id C11019Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AGIPD (adaptive gain integrating pixel detector) is a detector system developed for the European XFEL (XFEL.EU), which is currently being constructed in Hamburg, Germany. The XFEL.EU will operate with bunch trains at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Each train consists of 2700 bunches with a temporal separation of 220 ns corresponding to a rate of 4.5 MHz. Each photon pulse has a duration of &lt; 100 fs (rms) and contains up to 1012 photons in an energy range between 0.25 and 25 keV . In order to cope with the large dynamic range, the first stage of each bump-bonded AGIPD ASIC is a charge sensitive preamplifier with three different gain settings that are dynamically switched during the charge integration. Dynamic gain switching allows single photon resolution in the high gain stage and can cover a dynamic range of 104 × 12.4 keV photons in the low gain stage. The burst structure of the bunch trains forces to have an intermediate in-pixel storage of the signals. The full scale chip has 352 in-pixel storage cells inside the pixel area of 200 × 200 μm2. This contribution will report on the measurements done with the new calibration circuitry of the AGIPD1.1 chip (without sensor). These results will be compared with the old version of the chip (AGIPD1.0). A new calibration method (that is not AGIPD specific) will also be shown.

  • 287.
    Milstead, David A.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Silverstein, Samuel B.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Fast simulation of muons produced at the SHiP experiment using Generative Adversarial Networks2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id P11028Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a fast approach to simulating muons produced in interactions of the SPS proton beams with the target of the SHiP experiment. The SHIP experiment will be able to search for new long-lived particles produced in a 400 GeV/c SPS proton beam dump and which travel distances between fifty metres and tens of kilometers. The SHiP detector needs to operate under ultra-low background conditions and requires large simulated samples of muon induced background processes. Through the use of Generative Adversarial Networks it is possible to emulate the simulation of the interaction of 400 GeV/c proton beams with the SHiP target, an otherwise computationally intensive process. For the simulation requirements of the SHiP experiment, generative networks are capable of approximating the full simulation of the dense fixed target, offering a speed increase by a factor of O(10(6)). To evaluate the performance of such an approach, comparisons of the distributions of reconstructed muon momenta in SHiP's spectrometer between samples using the full simulation and samples produced through generative models are presented. The methods discussed in this paper can be generalised and applied to modelling any non-discrete multi-dimensional distribution.

  • 288.
    Milstead, David A.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Silverstein, Samuel B.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    The experimental facility for the Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id P03025Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) Collaboration has shown that the CERN SPS accelerator with its 400 GeV/c proton beam offers a unique opportunity to explore the Hidden Sector [1-3]. The proposed experiment is an intensity frontier experiment which is capable of searching for hidden particles through both visible decays and through scattering signatures from recoil of electrons or nuclei. The high-intensity experimental facility developed by the SHiP Collaboration is based on a number of key features and developments which provide the possibility of probing a large part of the parameter space for a wide range of models with light long-lived super-weakly interacting particles with masses up to O(10) GeV/c(2) in an environment of extremely clean background conditions. This paper describes the proposal for the experimental facility together with the most important feasibility studies. The paper focuses on the challenging new ideas behind the beam extraction and beam delivery, the proton beam dump, and the suppression of beam-induced background.

  • 289.
    Milstead, David A.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Silverstein, Samuel B.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    The magnet of the scattering and neutrino detector for the SHiP experiment at CERN2020Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 15, nr 1, artikkel-id P01027Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment proposal at CERN demands a dedicated dipole magnet for its scattering and neutrino detector. This requires a very large volume to be uniformly magnetized at B > 1.2 T, with constraints regarding the inner instrumented volume as well as the external region, where no massive structures are allowed and only an extremely low stray field is admitted. In this paper we report the main technical challenges and the relevant design options providing a comprehensive design for the magnet of the SHiP Scattering and Neutrino Detector.

  • 290.
    Milstead, David A.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Silverstein, Samuel B.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Track reconstruction and matching between emulsion and silicon pixel detectors for the SHiP-charm experiment2022Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 17, nr 3, artikkel-id P03013Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In July 2018 an optimization run for the proposed charm cross section measurement for SHiP was performed at the CERN SPS. A heavy, moving target instrumented with nuclear emulsion films followed by a silicon pixel tracker was installed in front of the Goliath magnet at the H4 proton beam-line. Behind the magnet, scintillating-fibre, drift-tube and RPC detectors were placed. The purpose of this run was to validate the measurement's feasibility, to develop the required analysis tools and fine-tune the detector layout. In this paper, we present the track reconstruction in the pixel tracker and the track matching with the moving emulsion detector. The pixel detector performed as expected and it is shown that, after proper alignment, a vertex matching rate of 87% is achieved.

  • 291.
    Mishra, Vaibhav
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Elter, Zsolt
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Grape, Sophie
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Jansson, Peter
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Branger, Erik
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Tillämpad kärnfysik.
    Vaccaro, Stefano
    European Commission, Joint Research Centre.
    Hedberg, Marcus
    Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB.
    Estimating gamma and neutron radiation fluxes around BWR quivers for nuclear safeguards verification purposes2020Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 15, artikkel-id P12023Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Non-destructive assay (NDA) methods are at the core of nuclear safeguards verification of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). In Sweden, the spent nuclear fuel from all the reactor sites is moved to the Swedish central interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel (for which the Swedish acronym is Clab). A new facility, Clink, is planned at the site where the SNF will undergo a safeguards verification prior to encapsulation for long-term storage. The fuel to be encapsulated includes both regular fuel assemblies as well as "non-regular" fuel assemblies including fuel objects called Quivers, which are specially designed containers to house damaged or failed and leaking spent fuel rods in a way to isolate the rods from the environment and prevent contamination. The quiver concept was recently introduced in the Swedish nuclear market by Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB and it has led to some unique challenges from a safeguards verification standpoint which stem from their construction. Their overall stainless steel build, while providing robustness to the structure, also greatly diminishes the possibility of detecting gamma or neutron radiation using traditional safeguards measurement devices. The current investigation looks into the practicalities of safeguards verification of boiling water reactor (BWR) quiver objects in the spent fuel pool from above, and also assesses the possibility of their verification from the side using the widely used Fork detector. The Fork instrument has been routinely employed by both, operators and inspectors around the world to verify spent fuel for routine safeguards inspections as well as prior for verification to encapsulation. In the present work, we model the BWR quiver and the Fork instrument in the Monte Carlo particle transport code, Serpent2 to estimate the radiation flux around the quiver objects. We have shown that the gamma and neutron radiation from the BWR quiver were heavily attenuated by the stainless steel lid and could not be relied on to make a safeguards verification from above. Furthermore, it was established that while gamma radiation from the quiver remains measurable on the sides of the quiver by the Fork instrument, the neutron counts were low compared to a typical BWR fuel assembly of similar fuel content albeit within the limits of detectability of the Fork.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 292.
    Morå, Knut D.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum. Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC).
    Harmonizing discovery thresholds and reporting two-sided confidence intervals: a modified Feldman & Cousins method2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id P02003Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    When searching for new physics effects, collaborations will often wish to publish upper limits and intervals with a lower confidence level than the threshold they would set to claim an excess or a discovery. In this paper a modification to the Feldman-Cousins method is proposed that allows for a transition from one-sided upper confidence limits for null results and a two-sided confidence intervals for non-null results at any given specified threshold chosen to define the observation of a signal, while maintaining exact coverage.

  • 293. Moszynski, Marek
    et al.
    Klamra, Wlodzimierz
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Wolski, Dariusz
    Czarnacki, Wieslaw
    Kapusta, Maciej
    Balcerzyk, Marcin
    Comparative study of PP0275C hybrid photodetector and XP2020Q photomultiplier in scintillation detection2006Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 1, s. P05001-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The properties of a hybrid photodetector (HPD), type PP0275C, produced by Delft Electronic Products B.V., for scintillation detection and spectrometry were studied and compared to a standard XP2020Q photomultiplier. The study was performed for several scintillators, such as NaI(T1), CsI(T1) and LSO(Ce) of different dimensions. The excellent capability of the HPD to resolve single photoelectron events was fully confirmed. However, the study of the HPD with the scintillators showed a dramatically reduced number of photoelectrons and a further deterioration of energy resolution, depending on the size ( diameter or length) of the crystals. For a 10 mm diameter NaI(T1) a number of 5000 +/- 250 photoelectrons/MeV was measured, which corresponds to about 56% of that observed with the XP2020Q with comparable quantum efficiency. An energy resolution of 9.2% for 662 keV gamma-rays from a (137)Cs source as measured with the HPD light readout indicated on a serious degradation, larger than that arising from the statistics of photoelectrons. In conclusion, the study showed that this HPD is optimized for single photon detection but its application to scintillation detection is very limited.

  • 294.
    Muraro, A.
    et al.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    Albani, G.
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy.
    Perelli Cippo, E.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    Croci, G.
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy.
    Angella, G.
    IENI CNR, Italy.
    Birch, Jens
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tunnfilmsfysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Cazzaniga, C.
    STFC, England.
    Caniello, R.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    DellEra, F.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    Ghezzi, F.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    Grosso, G.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    Hall-Wilton, R.
    European Spallat Source ESS ERIC, Sweden.
    Höglund, Carina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tunnfilmsfysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Schmidt, Susann
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tunnfilmsfysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Robinson, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tunnfilmsfysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Rebai, M.
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy.
    Salvato, G.
    IPCF CNR, Italy.
    Tresoldi, D.
    IPCF CNR, Italy.
    Vasi, C.
    IPCF CNR, Italy.
    Tardocchi, M.
    IFP CNR, Italy.
    Neutron radiography as a non-destructive method for diagnosing neutron converters for advanced thermal neutron detectors2016Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 11, nr C03033Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the well-known problem of He-3 shortage, a series of different thermal neutron detectors alternative to helium tubes are being developed, with the goal to find valid candidates for detection systems for the future spallation neutron sources such as the European Spallation Source (ESS). A possible He-3-free detector candidate is a charged particle detector equipped with a three dimensional neutron converter cathode (3D-C). The 3D-C currently under development is composed by a series of alumina (Al2O3) lamellas coated by 1 mu m of B-10 enriched boron carbide (B4C). In order to obtain a good characterization in terms of detector efficiency and uniformity it is crucial to know the thickness, the uniformity and the atomic composition of the B4C neutron converter coating. In this work a non-destructive technique for the characterization of the lamellas that will compose the 3D-C was performed using neutron radiography. The results of these measurements show that the lamellas that will be used have coating uniformity suitable for detector applications. This technique (compared with SEM, EDX, ERDA, XPS) has the advantage of being global (i.e. non point-like) and non-destructive, thus it is suitable as a check method for mass production of the 3D-C elements.

  • 295.
    Muschter, Steffen
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Anderson, K.
    Bohm, Christian
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Eriksson, Daniel
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Oreglia, M.
    Tang, F.
    Development of a readout link board for the demonstrator of the ATLAS Tile calorimeter upgrade2013Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 8, artikkel-id C03025Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A hybrid readout system is being developed for installation in one module of the ATLAS scintillating Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) during the long LHC shutdown in 2013/2014. The hybrid combines a fully functional demonstrator of the full-digital system planned for installation in 2022 with circuitry to maintain compatibility with the existing system. This is the report on a second generation prototype link and controller board connecting the on-and off-detector electronics. The main logic component within this board is a XILINX Kintex-7 FPGA connected to an 12x5 Gbps SNAP12 opto transmitter and a 4x10 Gbps QSFP+ connector, for off-detector communication. One of the latter two will be chosen for the final design.

  • 296.
    Muschter, Steffen
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Baron, S.
    Bohm, Christian
    Cachemiche, J. -P
    Soos, C.
    Erratum: Optimizing latency in Xilinx FPGA implementations of the GBT2011Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 6, artikkel-id E05001Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 297.
    Muschter, Steffen
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Baron, S.
    Bohm, Christian
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Cachemiche, J. -P
    Soos, C.
    Optimizing latency in Xilinx FPGA implementations of the GBT2010Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 5, artikkel-id C12017Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) [1] system has been developed to replace the Timing, Trigger and Control (TTC) system [2], currently used by LHC, as well as to provide data transmission between on-detector and off-detector components in future sLHC detectors. A VHDL version of the GBT-SERDES, designed for FPGAs, was released in March 2010 as a GBT-FPGA Starter Kit for future GBT users and for off-detector GBT implementation [3]. This code was optimized for resource utilization [4], as the GBT protocol is very demanding. It was not, however, optimized for latency - which will be a critical parameter when used in the trigger path. The GBT-FPGA Starter Kit firmware was first analyzed in terms of latency by looking at the separate components of the VHDL version. Once the parts which contribute most to the latency were identified and modified, two possible optimizations were chosen, resulting in a latency reduced by a factor of three. The modifications were also analyzed in terms of logic utilization. The latency optimization results were compared with measurement results from a Virtex 6 ML605 development board [5] equipped with a XC6VLX240T with speedgrade-1 and the package FF1156. Bit error rate tests were also performed to ensure an error free operation. The two final optimizations were analyzed for utilization and compared with the original code, distributed in the Starter Kit.

  • 298.
    Muschter, Steffen
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Åkerstedt, Henrik
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Anderson, K.
    Bohm, Christian
    Stockholms universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysikum.
    Oreglia, M.
    Tang, F.
    Development of a digital readout board for the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter upgrade demonstrator2014Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 9, artikkel-id C01001Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    During the LHC shutdown in 2013/14, one of the ATLAS scintillating Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) on-detector modules will be replaced with a compatible hybrid demonstrator system. This is being built to fulfill all requirements for the complete upgrade of the TileCal electronics in 2022 but augmented to stay compatible with the present system. We report on the hybrid system's FPGA based communication module that is responsible for receiving and unpacking commands using a 4.8 Gbps downlink and driving a high bandwidth data uplink. The report includes key points like multi-gigabit transmission, clock distribution, programming and operation of the hardware. We also report on a firmware skeleton implementing all these key points and demonstrate how timing, trigger, control and data transmission can be achieved in the demonstrator.

  • 299.
    Mårtensson, Mikael
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    Isacson, Max
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    Hahne, Hampus
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Tekniska sektionen, Institutionen för elektroteknik.
    Gonzalez Suarez, Rebeca
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    Brenner, Richard
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Fysiska sektionen, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, Högenergifysik.
    To catch a long-lived particle: hit selection towards a regional hardware track trigger implementation2019Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 14, artikkel-id P11009Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Conventional searches for new phenomena at collider experiments tend to focus on prompt particles, produced at the interaction point and decaying rapidly. New physics models including long-lived particles that travel a substantial distance in the detectors before decaying provide an interesting alternative, especially in light of the lack of new phenomena at the current LHC experiments, and could solve unanswered questions of the Standard Model. Long-lived particles have characteristic experimental signatures that, while making them clearly distinct from other processes, also could make them potentially invisible to current data-acquisition methods. Specific trigger strategies need to be in place to target long-lived particles. In this paper, we investigate the use of tracker information at trigger level to identify displaced signatures. We propose two methods that can be implemented at hardware-level: one based on the Hough transform, and another based on pattern matching with patterns trained on displaced tracks.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 300.
    Nachtrab, F.
    et al.
    Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Fürth, Germany.
    Hofmann, T.
    Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Fürth, Germany.
    Speier, C.
    Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Fürth, Germany.
    Lucic, J.
    Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Fürth, Germany.
    Firsching, M.
    Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Fürth, Germany.
    Uhlmann, N.
    Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Fürth, Germany.
    Takman, P.
    Excillum AB, Kista, Sweden.
    Heinzl, C.
    University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.
    Holmberg, Anders
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Krumm, M.
    Sauerwein, C.
    RayScan Technologies GmbH, Meersburg, Germany.
    Development of a Timepix based detector for the NanoXCT project2015Inngår i: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 10, artikkel-id C11009Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The NanoXCT EU FP7 project [1] aims at developing a laboratory, i.e. bench top sized X-ray nano-CT system with a large field-of-view (FOV) for non-destructive testing needs in the micro- and nano-technology sector. The targeted voxel size is 50 nm at 0.175 mm FOV, the maximum FOV is 1 mm at 285 nm voxel size. Within the project a suitable X-ray source, detector and manipulation system have been developed. The system concept [2] omits the use of X-ray optics, to be able to provide a large FOV of up to 1 mm and to preserve the flexibility of state-of-the-art micro-CT systems. The targeted resolution will be reached via direct geometric magnification made possible by the development of a specialized high-flux nano-focus transmission X-ray tube. The end-user's demand for elemental analysis will be covered by energy-resolved measurement techniques, in particular a K-edge imaging method. Timepix [3] modules were chosen as the basis for the detector system, since a photon counting detector is advantageous for the long exposure times that come with very small focal spot sizes. Additional advantages are the small pixel size and adjustable energy threshold. To fulfill the requirements on field-of-view, a detector width > 3000 pixels was needed. The NanoXCT detector consists of four Hexa modules with 500 mu m silicon sensors supplied by X-ray Imaging Europe. An adapter board was developed to connect all four modules to one Fitpix3 readout. The final detector has an active area of 3072 x 512 pixels or approximately 17 x 3 cm(2). In this contribution we present the development of the Timepix based NanoXCT detector, it's application in the NanoXCT project for CT and material specific measurements and the current status of results.

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