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  • 251. Duveskog, Marcus
    et al.
    Tedre, Matti
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Sedano, Carolina Islas
    Sutinen, Erkki
    Life planning by digital storytelling in a primary school in rural Tanzania2012In: Educational Technology & Society, ISSN 1176-3647, E-ISSN 1436-4522, Vol. 15, no 4, p. 225-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Storytelling is one of the earliest forms of knowledge transfer, and parents often use it for teaching their children values and knowledge. Formal schooling, however, is less inclined to use storytelling as a vehicle for knowledge transfer, and even less as a vehicle for modern self-directed, student-centered, and constructionist pedagogy. Research literature reports experiences on student-centered storytelling in schools, but there is little information about such learning environments using modern information technology. Using a case study approach, we collected qualitative data from a workshop that tested a number of constructionist pedagogical approaches and one-to-one computing technology in a hypercontextualized storytelling workshop. In that workshop, which took place in a Tanzanian primary school, pupils used their XO-1 laptops as digital media tools for expressing their dreams and solutions to overcoming challenges in life. Results of this study suggest that digital storytelling offers additional advantages when compared to traditional storytelling. Designers need to follow six principles for a successful digital storytelling workshop: commitment, contextual grounding, previous exposure to the context, involvement of local experts, atmosphere of trust, and realistic flexible planning.

  • 252.
    Eilu, Emmanuel
    et al.
    Uganda Christian University, Mbale University College, UGA.
    Baguma, RehemaMakerere University, UGA.Pettersson, John SörenKarlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Karlstad Business School (from 2013).Bhuktar, Ganesh D.Vishwakarma Institute of Technology (VIT), IND.
    Digital Literacy and Socio-Cultural Acceptance of ICT in Developing Countries2021Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This book discusses the role of human computer interaction (HCI) design in fostering digital literacy and promoting socio-cultural acceptance and usage of the  latest ICT innovations in developing countries. The book presents techniques, theories, case studies, and methodologies in HCI design approaches that have been used to foster digital literacy, break the socio-cultural barriers to ICT adoption, and promote the widespread usage of the latest innovations in the health, agriculture, economic, education and social sectors in developing countries. The authors provide insights on how crossing disciplines in HCI such as usability design, user centered design, user experience, anticipated user experience, technology acceptance design, persuasive design, philosophical designs, motivational design, social-cultural oriented designs, and other HCI design approaches have promoted digital literacy and stimulated socio-cultural acceptance and the usage of the latest ICT innovations. The book is relevant in academic, industry and government.

    Presents theoretical, practical, and socio-cultural approaches to digital literacy challenges in developing countries;Discusses recent ICT and HCI innovations used to transform the health, agriculture, economic, education and social sectors in developing countries;Provides insights on design opportunities and challenges presented in countries where digital literacy is very low and with complex socio-cultural dynamics.

  • 253.
    Einarson, Daniel
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för datavetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment of Computer science (RECS).
    Teljega, Marijana
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för datavetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment of Computer science (RECS). marijana.teljega@hkr.se .
    Smart home techniques for young people with functional disabilities2020In: ACHI 2020: the thirteenth international conference on advances in computer-human interactions, 2020, p. 294-300Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A purpose behind the United Nation’s Agenda 2030is that no one shall be left behind, which implies that supportfor vulnerable people shall be seen as clearly significant. Inthat context, assistive technologies serve purposes of improvingdisabled individuals’ inclusiveness and overall well-being. Thiscontribution covers ongoing experiments on techniquesdeveloped for Smart Homes, where the outcomes of suchdevelopments are targeted towards young people withfunctional disabilities, in order to provide them withindependence in their own living space.

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  • 254. Eisele, Per
    et al.
    D’Amato, Alessia
    Psychological climate and its relation to work performance and well-being: the role of general self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior2011In: Baltic Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1407-768X, Vol. 12, no 1,2, p. 4-21Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 255. Ekelin, Annelie
    Från löfte till handling: lägesrapport om e-demokrati i förvandling2007Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapporten ger en överblick över senaste årens utveckling av e-demokrati. Rapporten lyfter fram satsningar inom området, initierade av skilda aktörer från olika utgångspunkter i samhället. Rapporten behandlar följande fågor: Vad avses med e-demokrati? I vilka former och i vilken omfattning tillämpas e-demokrati? Vilka länder har kommit långt inom området och i vilken form? Vilket är nuläget när det gäller e-demokrati i Sverige på kommunal- landsting- och statlig/myndighetsnivå? Vilket är nuläget när det gäller e-demokrati ur ett internationellt perspektiv? Vilken är nuvarande regerings syn på e-demokrati och vilka planer finns på departementsnivå?

  • 256.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Human Work Science, Media Technology and Humanities.
    It Takes More than Two to TANGO:Co-constructing Situated Accountability through a Local E-Government Arena2003Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    E-demokrati, e-government, situerat ansvarstagande, informatik och politik, triple helix, medborgare

  • 257. Ekelin, Annelie
    Mapping out and constructing the needs: a pilot study of on-line public services and citizens involvement2000Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This report gives a presentation of work in progress, a pilot study concerning the setting up of public services in the local context of the county of Blekinge, South-eastern Sweden. The main aim with this discussion is to support a more reflective and participatory attitude towards design and development of public systems among municipalities and other service producers/providers in the future. The way in which I will do this study is to examine a selection of methods, or types of needs analysis or needs assessments, used by different actors and producers of public services in order to get a picture of various needs among the users. One part of my study is to look at service providers and their use of explicit techniques, such as questionnaires, larger surveys and work carried out with the help of focus groups. A basic question to put forward is what role do these explicit surveys play for the various participating actors - including citizens - and, in the long run, for the design-choices? The mapping work described here is being carried out within the context of a larger on-going research and development project concerning the continuous design and development of IT in use in public service. [1].

  • 258. Ekelin, Annelie
    Situating eParticipation2007In: Understanding eParticipation: Contemporary PhD eParticipation Research in Europe / [ed] Hedström, Anders ;; Rose, Karin ;; Grönlund, Jeremy ;; , Örebro: Örebro: Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics , 2007, p. 71-84Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    eParticipation is gaining more and more attention in public discourse.The purpose of this chapter is to describe and discuss how reproduction of certain user-values and power relations becomes technologically embedded during a process of customisation of a consultation tool, intended for online participation.The analysis and the discussion in this chapter is based on ethnographic participatory observations and interviews within a R&D project. The aim of the project was to broaden the scope of participation concerning spatial planning in a Swedish municipality. A prototype of the tool was also tested by a group of citizens. The findings of the study are discussed and analysed with the help of concepts derived from situated and relational theories. The overall objective is thus to develop methods for how to handle local processes of setting the stage for eParticipation.

  • 259. Ekelin, Annelie
    The Work to Make eParticipation Work2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    eParticipation is a new research domain focusing the development of ICT-supported participation in processes of government and governance. These processes may concern involvement of practitioners, citizens and politicians in electronic public administration, service delivery, policy-making and decision-making. The overall objective of this thesis is to discuss how eParticipation is enacted and shaped, in and by practice, and thus contribute to development of practice-based conceptualisation as well as development within the differing practices of eParticipation. The study is based on interpretive case studies as well as theoretical perspectives assisting the analysis of the research field as multiple and co-related processes and relations of change and learning. The empirical data has been gathered during participation in several research and development projects, conducted within a local municipality in Southeast Sweden. Several of the projects were also part of national and international collaboration. The methodological approach comprises ethnographic studies, including interviews, participatory observations and document analysis. The approach of ethnomethodology was also inspirational for the close examining of how various actors organised their participation or non-participation in the various settings of preparing for or conducting eParticipation. The theoretical basis is multi-disciplinary, drawing on perspectives from technological and social theories, such as political science, ANT and feminist theories along with IS (information systems) research. The concept of symbolic eParticipation is coined in order to explore how the preconceived ideas of managing participation seem to be constricting and limiting local and situated development. At the same time, symbolic eParticipation is inspiring development of local interpretations and participatory work. The mutual shaping of these activities leads to the formulation of the notion malleability of organisations and citizenship. The findings indicate that activities of for instance customisation of software or evaluation of consultation tools contribute in creating socio-technical mechanisms, of which they are themselves a part. Those mechanisms embed power relations, and thus become a delegated function of opening up or closing for participation. An example of such socio-technical mechanisms is the notion of “active citizenship”, which is given higher legitimate status if it is conducted mainly as an electronically mediated activity. The term “symbolic active citizenship” is suggested as a concept which describes the legitimate active citizenship. The process of becoming active is thoroughly addressed in this thesis, including variations such as pro-activity and active passivity. These are also mediated by processes of learning in communities of practice. Active participants alternate between being active and actively passive in the processes which are supposed to constitute, form and sustain activities of eParticipation. This fluidity of citizenship has implications for future design of technology and for how to perceive participation in these activities. The interplay of symbolic eParticipation and organisational and civic malle¬ability described in this thesis, underscores the significance of providing space for negotiations of situating eParticipation.

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  • 260.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Computing.
    To Be or Not to Be Active: Exploring Practices of eParticipation2006In: Electronic Government, Berlin: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg , 2006, p. 107-118Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter discusses the interplay of participation and non-participation within institutional and public practices of electronically mediated policy-making in the local public sector. The aim is to contribute to practice-based development of situated theoretical conceptualisation in the research domain. Applying a dialectical analysis, including also examples and processes of dissociation detected in ethnographic studies of actual use and design of these technologies, suggests a re-specification of the conceptual basis of eParticipation.

  • 261. Ekelin, Annelie
    Uncovering the Janus face of eParticipation: A Delayed Introduction2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    At the same time as eParticipation is culturally pictured as a rich area for exploration, reviving great expectations of possibilities to broaden and deepen the scope and results of democratic decision-making, it must also be acknowledged as having a double function. It is also a way to initiate sociotechnical mechanisms applicable when controlling and steering mediated participation towards uniformity and normalisation, contributing to the formation of a symbolic eParticipation. This means that activities of eParticipation can function in both ways, either open up for participation or prevent participation to take place. This paper describes a local practice of tailoring of a tool for eParticipation and describes how the work practices in the municipality contribute to adjusting the development to what is considered legitimate. These choices are based on established work practices rather than innovative thinking.

  • 262. Ekelin, Annelie
    “What’s Up Over There?” Reflections of development of e-government in the States of California and Washington2005Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Some highlights in this report could be summarized as follows: there are several examples of extensive investment of human and economical resources into security improvement and security related planning currently going on in the United States, coupled with a strong focus on implementing best practice frameworks and advanced interoperability. Other important aspects are the ongoing re-engineering of both governmental leadership structures as well as organisational work practice, where technological systems are to be seen both as something that cause issues, but also as an important part when solving those problems in the future. In the US, and particularly in the Seattle area, mobile government is developing fast. The state portal has also got a very prominent “sister portal”, called the Democracy portal with its own local TV-channel, Seattle Channel working actively on promotion of state actions. www.seattlechannel.org/videos/browseVideos.asp?topic=community This initiative is not new, but is nevertheless interesting since it has been developing more and more towards greater interactivity. It is in some sense an extension of the state portal, but also, according to Laurie Kraft, functions well as a ”window to government”, where the public is offered possibilities of interaction and participation in processes of general local decision-making. A working group recently worked out new guidelines on how to expand the interactive web format. New sections such as ”Tell me more” gives the public possibilities to learn more about for example the preparation of the budget estimates or having the opportunity to deepen their argumentation about local issues such as the debate about the local monorail expansion. In another section they are offered suggestions on how to proceed if they want to get involved in different matters, or find an answer to the question: How do I engage? Further developmental work is going to concentrate on how to tackle the occurrence of new digital divides, considering additional opportunities to reach those who rarely participates such as youths, non-native English speakers, and others who feel disenfranchised from the democratic process and the society. A well-thought strategy on ho to stimulate people to broaden their knowledge and take the opportunity to learn more about local decision-making. California is the fifth largest economic engine in the world with a fast expanding economy after a recession. In the annual survey of Digital Counties (2005), conducted by the Centre for Digital Government, a national research and advisory institute on Information technology policies and best practices in state and local government, several Californian counties appear on the list. In the survey, which focuses on how the county governments are deploying information technology to advance their services to citizens, San Diego County occupies the second place in the category of counties with a population of more than 500 000. In the smaller categories, covering less populated counties, California appears as number 10, and in the category of the counties with a population less than 150.000, Nevada County, Napa County and Sutter County cluster themselves in second, third and fourth place.

  • 263. Ekelin, Annelie
    “Who makes an active citizen? Dialogue about re-configuration of roles”.2007Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Dialogue about re-configuration of roles”. Invited speaker at the council of Europe’s symposium entitled ‘E-democracy: new opportunities for enhancing civic participation’, theme III ‘The return of the citizen : new forms of social networking’, 23-24th of April, Strasbourg

  • 264. Ekelin, Annelie
    Working with the Fogbow: Design and Reconfiguration of services and Participation in E-Government2003Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is about the metaphors of the rainbow and the fogbow, investigations and evaluations, public Internet monitors, writing women, reflections and discussions about politics, design and democracy. It is also about the ongoing re-structuring of participation in service design within the development of E-Government. The aim behind the drive towards E-Government is to modernise administration and make it more efficient. The transformation and modernisation of public services are proclaimed to bring about a change in services based on a 'citizen-centred approach.' In such a process, communication between citizens and public authorities should play an essential role. Themes such as accountability, accessibility and participation all form part of the reconfiguration and at the same time these themes is shaped by the transformation. The papers in this thesis discuss, in different ways, how this reconfiguration is enacted in practice. Theories and methodologies from feminist theories, participatory design and informatics, are used in order to develop broader and more complex understandings of ongoing development within E-Government. Introduction to the papers Paper I Everyday Dialogue and Design for Co-Operative Use: An Evaluation of the Public Internet Monitor Project Accessibility is a central issue in the achievement of democracy, i.e. with respect to the opportunity for and right to 'access' to new technology and information – an argument also used when justifying the Public Internet Monitor Project. 'Access' in this context refers not only to purely physical access to new technology and information, it is also about the opportunity to take part in community business on several different levels. The present sub-report presents the project and its background. The paper also discusses the way in which the Public Internet Monitor Project as a whole has contributed to the development of a social interface or contact surface between citizens and public authorities, as well as how it has stimulated processes of change within public administration and in contacts between public authorities and citizens. Among the questions raised during the evaluation are; how local networks and activities can be stimulated by the citizen monitor and how the user's ideas and experience can be utilised in local adaptations so that they become an essential part of a continuous development of services and technology. The paper also describes the linked chains of responsibility exemplified in the excerpts from the interviews. These also include final users as a means of creating a personalised service adapted to local praxis and user environments. The question is posed "is it possible to talk in terms of interactivity on several different levels, not only in the sense of transmitting information or communicating, but also as a means of creating a relation-based interactivity?" Paper II Reconfiguration of Citizenship: Rights and Duties in Development of Public Services This paper presents the case of the cleaner in the library and some examples of feedback failures. Access to information, technology, and to some degree, participation in development of new services, is a central issue in the prevailing eGovernment discourse. This vision also comprises the idea of the active, contributing citizen and considers the development of local public participation as a process of co-construction of citizenship and services engaging several actors on different levels. At the same time, access must be seen as a contemporaneous process of inclusion and exclusion, a defining and drawing up of the boundaries of a new electronically mediated membership, where access is becoming a prerequisite for activating citizenship, transforming "the right to have access" into a "duty to participate", not just for citizens but for the employees who must manage the reconfiguration of citizenship and relations. The foundations for participation, however, turn out to be relatively restricted in practice. The original title of the paper was: Co-Construction of Citizenship: Rights and duties in development of public services. Paper III Consulting the Citizens – Relationship-based Interaction in the Development of E-Government This paper investigates current practices for involving citizens in the development of web-based services in public administration and tries to track their motives. With respect to democratisation, I argue that there is a large potential in adopting participatory design methods for establishing relation-based interaction between administration and citizens. The paper presents an analysis of E-Government initiatives. More particularly it explores the discourse of the materials surrounding these initiatives, particularly with respect to value systems derived from the marketing perspective contra democratic values. It demonstrates that conventional images of democracy have only a background role to play in such efforts. Paper IV Mapping Out and Constructing Needs in the Development of Online Public Services This paper is based on a study concerning experiences of, access to and requests for public services on-line, within the RISI+ Project. The paper presents a pilot study of the setting up of public services in the local context of the county of Blekinge, in southeast Sweden. The study was conducted as a peer evaluation of a selection of methods, or types of needs analysis, used by different actors and producers of public services in order to gain a picture of various needs among users. One part of this study focuses on the views expressed by service providers about the dialogue between themselves and citizens on the provision of public services. This is compared with the practical use or, in some cases, lack of use, of explicit techniques, such as questionnaires, larger surveys and work carried out with the help of focus groups. A basic question is, 'what role does citizen involvement play in the analysis of needs and services and in the choice of design?'. Parts of this report were presented in a poster display at the NordiCHI 2000 conference, "Design versus design" in Stockholm in October 2000 and, in a different version, as a work-in-progress report at the PDC 2000 (Participatory Design) Conference "Bringing in more voices" , in New York in November. Paper V Making E-Government Happen : Everyday Co-Development of Services, Citizenship and Technology This paper describes the use of a metaphorical figure used in different contexts as part of a discussion of working relationships of the co-development of services, citizenship and technology change. The paper discusses the challenge of developing a supportive infrastructure for the ongoing local adaptation and development of public services as citizens use them. Developing supportive structures for co-operation in the design task involves incorporating ways of including the general public, mapping out networks, developing tailorable software and cultivating shop-floor management. If continuous joint co-development of services is made a central part of the co-development of services, citizenship and technology, this also blurs the boundaries between governmental and municipal authorities, private sector employees and other actors within, for example, the voluntary sector - but above all, continuous joint co-development blurs the boundary between citizens and local authorities. The citizens become key figures in the 'web of connections' that makes up the design, content and use of new technologies. In the discourse on participation in E-Government, few reflections are made concerning the basic issue of the democratic values that could be gained by early involvement of local employees and citizens in developmental work or technology-based changes. Making more deliberate use of participatory design methods for incorporating multi-perspectives in service design as well as technology production and use could be a way to stimulate a broader, more inclusive and sustainable participation in local development of E-Government. Paper VI Discourses and Cracks - A Case Study of Information Technology and Writing Women in a Regional Context This is the first of the papers I wrote, where empirical material from a local IT project is discussed and mirrored against the dominating discourses of information technology. Paper VI discusses information technology as a political and practical discourse, which is in part shaped by the repetition of an exalted rhetoric. This repetitive discursive model can be distinguished in global, regional and local contexts and reflects an optimistic belief in technology as an independent power that automatically furthers democratic development. The second part of the paper presents empirical material and experiences from the Women Writing on the Net-project (this was included in the framework of the DIALOGUE project, which was partially funded by ISPO/EC). The aim of the project was to create a virtual space for women on the Internet, and to explore the writing process in terms of aims, tool and method. The method of approach incorporates reflections and discussions about empowerment, democracy and representation of women. This contributed to a more complex understanding of the values of the predominant IT discourses, and revealed the "cracks" in, and possibilities of feminist redefinitions of, these values.

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  • 265.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology.
    Anderberg, Peter
    Blekinge Institute of Technology.
    Reddy, Kishore
    Institute of Technology in Madras, India.
    The AUGMENT Project: Co-constructive Mapping and Support of Accessibility and Participation2010In: Electronic Participation: Second IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, ePart 2010, Lausanne, Switzerland, August 29 – September 2, 2010. Proceedings / [ed] Efthimios Tambouris ; Ann Macintosh ; Olivier Glassey, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2010, p. 95-103Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an ongoing multi-disciplinary research-and development project in which we are exploring emerging methods and practices for participatory design of tools and content of accessibility information in India and Sweden, based on user created content. The initial development of the AUGMENT-Project also includes the production of a prototype for sharing information. The joint set up and unfolding of public digital spaces and cooperative creation of processes and infrastructure for user-driven accessibility information is making use of existing handheld mobile phones which offer the possibility to upload pictures and comments via an application with a map-based interface. The research initiative is exploring and comparing cross-cultural participatory methods for cultivation of shared transformational spaces. The paper discusses both the notion of user-driven content and co-creation of tools and methods, drawing upon the tradition of Scandinavian Systems Design, explicitly arguing for direct user-representation in systems development.

  • 266. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Anderberg, Peter
    Reddy, Kishore
    The Augment Project: Co-Constructive Mapping and Support of Accessibility and Participation2010In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag , 2010, Vol. 6229/2010, p. 95-103Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an ongoing multi-disciplinary research-and development project in which we are exploring emerging methods and practices for participatory design of tools and content of accessibility information in India and Sweden, based on user created content. The initial development of the AUGMENT-Project also includes the production of a prototype for sharing information. The joint set up and unfolding of public digital spaces and co-operative creation of processes and infrastructure for user-driven accessibility information is making use of existing handheld mobile phones which offer the possibility to upload pictures and comments via an application with a map-based interface. The research initiative is exploring and comparing cross-cultural participatory methods for cultivation of shared transformational spaces. The paper discusses both the notion of user-driven content and co-creation of tools and methods, drawing upon the tradition of Scandinavian Systems Design, explicitly arguing for direct user-representation in systems development.

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  • 267.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Computing, School of Health, Karlskrona, Sweden.
    Anderberg, Peter
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Computing, School of Health, Karlskrona, Sweden.
    Reddy, Kishore
    Dept.of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology in Madras (IIT-M), India.
    The AUGMENT Project: Co-constructive Mapping and Support of Accessibility and Participation2010In: Electronic Participation: Second IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, ePart 2010, Lausanne, Switzerland, August 29 – September 2, 2010. Proceedings / [ed] Efthimios Tambouris; Ann Macintosh; Olivier Glassey, Springer, 2010, p. 95-103Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an ongoing multi-disciplinary research-and development project in which we are exploring emerging methods and practices for participatory design of tools and content of accessibility information in India and Sweden, based on user created content. The initial development of the AUGMENT-Project also includes the production of a prototype for sharing information. The joint set up and unfolding of public digital spaces and cooperative creation of processes and infrastructure for user-driven accessibility information is making use of existing handheld mobile phones which offer the possibility to upload pictures and comments via an application with a map-based interface. The research initiative is exploring and comparing cross-cultural participatory methods for cultivation of shared transformational spaces. The paper discusses both the notion of user-driven content and co-creation of tools and methods, drawing upon the tradition of Scandinavian Systems Design, explicitly arguing for direct user-representation in systems development.

  • 268. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Elovaara, Pirjo
    Eriksén, Sara
    Dittrich, Yvonne
    Hansson, Christina
    Landén, Sölve
    Larsson, Anita
    Olén, Ida
    Winter, Jeff
    KomInDu: A Small Project about Big Issues2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this short paper, we present glimpses from an interdisciplinary research and development project aimed at enhancing local democracy by developing ICT support for the consultation process around the comprehensive plan of a municipality. For the participating researchers, the project offered the opportunity of combining and comparing approaches and methods from two different design traditions that share democratic ideals and ambitions of nurturing citizen/user participation in design processes. This proved to be more challenging than we had originally anticipated. Differences in perspective gave different interpretations of the design context as well as of how participatory the processes actually were.

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  • 269. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Aktiv på egna eller andras villkor – hur blir man delaktig?2010In: Förvaltning och medborgarskap i förändring / [ed] Lindblad-Gidlund, Katarina; Ekelin, Annelie; Eriksén, Sara; Ranerup, Agneta, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 2010, p. 47-65Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ”Om vi ska modernisera offentliga sektorn måste vi vända på perspektivet, riva stuprännor, placera individen i centrum och arbeta utifrån en uttalad kundfokusering.” Känns refrängen igen? Under senare år har den blivit tongivande i debatten om hur offentliga sektorn ska öka sin effektivisering och leva upp till medborgarnas allt högre krav. Att tänka medborgarcentrerat går väl an, men hur är det egentligen möjligt att tänka omvänt, att i grunden förstå att både teknik, medborgarskap och yrkesidentitet är något töjbart och föränderligt? Hur lär vi oss att se dessa fysiska ting och till synes stabila begrepp som en ständigt pågående aktivitet som formuleras i nuet, som kontinuerligt förändras och omskapas utifrån ett plats- och situationsberoende samspel? I detta kapitel diskuteras hur medborgarskap, yrkesroller och delaktighet jämte stödjande teknik på en och samma gång kan tolkas som beständiga och anpassningsbara enheter.Det ges också exempel på hur samspelet mellan stabilitet och elasticitet ömsom öppnar och stänger för deltagande utifrån konkreta exempel hämtade från några utvecklingsprojekt som bedrivits inom offentlig sektor.

  • 270. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Creative Technologies.
    Citizen-Driven Design: Leveraging Participatory Design of E-Government 2.0 Through Local and Global Collaborations.2014In: Case Studies in e-Government 2.0. Changing Citizen Relationships. / [ed] Boughzala, Imed; Janssen, Marijn; Assar, Saïd, Springer , 2014Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The goal of this paper is to present how citizen-driven design of e-government can be promoted through trans-local cooperation. Our case study consists of the Augment project, which focuses on the design of a mobile service for co-creation of local accessibility. Our approach is action research based in the Scandinavian tradition of Participatory design. Experiences from this project highlight issues concerning how to reconfigure the basis for design of public services. In order to cultivate spaces for citizen-driven design and local innovation, we made iterative use of global collaborations. In the initial phase, influences from R&D cooperation with India provided new spaces for participatory design practices. In the next phase, a proof-of-concept process allowed for broader local stake-holder involvement. In the third phase, the service concept was shared and expanded with partner regions in Europe through exchange of Best Practices. Currently, we are moving towards phase four, the commercialization process. Beyond the iterative design of the mobile service itself, and what trans-local collaboration contributed in this context, we also discuss reconceptualization of innovation as incremental change. We argue that transnational collaboration can be deliberately made use of for leveraging incremental change on a local level and strengthening regional innovation systems and practices.

  • 271. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Does user participation matter in the design and development of e-participation tools? Experiences from a proof-of-concept project2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents experiences from a proof-of-concept project concerning a tool for e-participation, Augment; a map-based mobile accessibility service which relies on user-generated content. Using a Participatory Design approach, the aim has been to include future users in the project from the start, so as to ensure that the resulting service will be a useful and sustainable tool for co-constructing accessibility in everyday life in collaboration among involved stakeholders. The project has been struggling with the complexities of combining academic competencies in Participatory Design and traditional project management and systems development approaches. One of the most difficult issues has been balancing widely differing experienced needs for controlling distributed end-user participation. Our experiences so far raise serious questions about how to combine models of open innovation and increased user-involvement with current mainstream user-centered software and service development models. While user-centered design seems to call for users-on-demand, user-driven innovation of e-participation tools could, we argue, benefit more from developers-on-demand.

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  • 272.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Blekinge institute of technology.
    Making an exit in research: ethical and practical implications in a society dependent on sustainability2004In: Public Proofs: Science technology and democracy, Paris, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper draws upon experiences and involvement in several joint research- and development (R&D) projects, organised as a kind of “micro innovation system”, involving multi-organisational and multi-disciplinary cooperators, mainly within the area of e-government or IT-support for homecare. Each project was organised around development or costumization of a computer application, supporting for instance on-line public services, citizen participation or IT-support for home care within the public sector. However, after realisation of the projects, only a few of the applications are maintained. These projects could be regarded as concrete examples of the ongoing reconfiguration of a cluster in a regional innovation system (Miettinen, 2002, p.17, OECD, 1999), and not just as single, stand-alone projects in an expanding region, but also as vital parts in ongoing enactment and refiguration of an extensive national innovation system. The issue then becomes : what implications does this joint innovative growth-stimulation have for the question of completion of research in a growth-intense region, which is concentrating not solely on quick fixes but also on stabilizing innovation? What are the practical and ethical consequences of “making an exit” in the middle of an ongoing mustering of strength – for instance for the citizens, the researchers and the society? These issues are discussed in relation to empirical material gathered during involvement in the start-up of an e-government arena, within the framework of TANGO (Thematic arenas Nourish Growth Opportunities), a program partly funded through Innovative Actions within the European Regional Development Funding (ERDF). Findings, reflections and insights show tensions and ongoing negotiations concerning different perspectives expressed as process- as well as product-orientation in the development. The large amount of ICT-projects, are seen from another perspective, also contributing to the increasing growth in the region. One of the municipalities was appointed “National Leader in Growth municipality” in the year of 2001. The TANGO project itself may actually also be seen as a result of increased regional growth. But the question still remains: is it ever possible to stabilize innovation?

  • 273. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Making an exit in research: ethical and practical implications in a society dependent on sustainability2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper draws upon experiences and involvement in several joint research- and development (R&D) projects, organised as a kind of “micro innovation system”, involving multi-organisational and multi-disciplinary cooperators, mainly within the area of e-government or IT-support for homecare. Each project was organised around development or costumization of a computer application, supporting for instance on-line public services, citizen participation or IT-support for home care within the public sector. However, after realisation of the projects, only a few of the applications are maintained. These projects could be regarded as concrete examples of the ongoing reconfiguration of a cluster in a regional innovation system (Miettinen, 2002, p.17, OECD, 1999), and not just as single, stand-alone projects in an expanding region, but also as vital parts in ongoing enactment and refiguration of an extensive national innovation system. The issue then becomes : what implications does this joint innovative growth-stimulation have for the question of completion of research in a growth-intense region, which is concentrating not solely on quick fixes but also on stabilizing innovation? What are the practical and ethical consequences of “making an exit” in the middle of an ongoing mustering of strength – for instance for the citizens, the researchers and the society? These issues are discussed in relation to empirical material gathered during involvement in the start-up of an e-government arena, within the framework of TANGO (Thematic arenas Nourish Growth Opportunities), a program partly funded through Innovative Actions within the European Regional Development Funding (ERDF). Findings, reflections and insights show tensions and ongoing negotiations concerning different perspectives expressed as process- as well as product-orientation in the development. The large amount of ICT-projects, are seen from another perspective, also contributing to the increasing growth in the region. One of the municipalities was appointed “National Leader in Growth municipality” in the year of 2001. The TANGO project itself may actually also be seen as a result of increased regional growth. But the question still remains: is it ever possible to stabilize innovation?

  • 274. Ekelin, Annelie
    et al.
    Ranerup, Agneta
    Enrolling Local Strategic Actors in Public Portal Development2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this paper is on seemingly mundane but essential aspects of network formation between actors in E-government contexts. It is based on a qualitative case study of portal development in public healthcare. The theoretical framework applied is Actor-Network Theory (ANT). The research question is: What factors contribute to the enrolment of strategic local actors in technology development in E-government? It was found that seemingly simple but basic functionalities like e.g. information about illnesses, rights, healthcare providers as well as personal e-services were of strategic importance for enrolling local actors to the process and to the portal, serving as a kind of “enrolment devices.” The reason is their capacity to provide useful functionality and communicate usefulness. Due to the complexity of the environment, local support based on perceived and future usefulness as well as long-term project organization safeguarding future development were seen as critical success factors.

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  • 275.
    Eklund, Lina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media, Human-Computer Interaction.
    From Trash to Treasure: Exploring how video games are moving from popular culture to cultural heritage2022In: Proceedings of DIGRA 2022, The Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA) , 2022, p. 1-16Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Video games are now recognized as an important part of our culture and history. However, this redefinition of the cultural value of video games has received scant academic attention.

    In this paper I explore the transformation video games have, and are undergoing by: 1) drawing on the event of the first excavation searching for video game history in the Alamogordo Landfill in New Mexico and 2) interviews with collection and exhibition experts in charge of video games in two U.S. museums: MoMA, New York and MADE, Oakland.

    Results explore how video games have gone from trash to treasure as exemplified by the excavation of the 1982 Atari game E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial. As video games enter museums they become valued using traditional western ideals on how cultural heritage is defined, based on ideals of age, materiality, monumentality, and aesthetics. Yet, the interactivity imperative of video games makes new evaluation structures relevant.

  • 276.
    Eklund, Lina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Kinwork revisited: The gendered work of keeping up with family through communication technology2023In: Convergence. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, ISSN 1354-8565, E-ISSN 1748-7382, Vol. 29, no 6, p. 1592-1608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Kinwork is the maintenance of cross-household kin and family ties through both physical and mediated means and is a type of unpaid labour historically performed by women. However, changing gender norms, new communicative practices such as networked individualism, and internet and communication technologies are changing how kinwork is done. This study explores how these changes affect the gendered nature of kinwork. Swedes from multigenerational, cross-household families residing in Sweden and the United States took part in primarily home-based interviews (n=40). This empirical study explores current practices of kinwork, focusing on three empirical cases, Christmas cards for seasonal greetings, phone calls for birthday well-wishes, and digital communication for everyday contact. Results highlight how kinwork in the sample is performed by both men and women through a wide range of communication technologies. The study shows that due to new gendered norms, women in the younger generations are less willing to do kinwork for men than older generations in the same kinship networks, indicating generational differences rather than family differences. In the study, men use new internet and communication technology to both do and sometimes take responsibility for kinwork while older communication technologies retain a feminine coding, sometimes resulting in abandonment. Contemporary digital communication technology supports a shift to individual communication rather than group-based which further supports men’s increased engagement in kinwork. The study concludes that kinwork in the studied sample is performed by both men and women and that contemporary kinwork can only be understood by looking at the complex entanglements of evolving gender equality norms, trends towards more individual communication patterns, and affordances of communication technology. Together these result in new ways and opportunities for doing kinwork, which becomes less the work of women and more the work of networked individuals, whatever gender.

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  • 277.
    Ekvall, Hubert
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Winnberg, Patrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Integrating ChatGPT into the UX Design Process: Ideation and Prototyping with LLMs2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an exploratory work on using Large Language Models (LLM) in User Experience (UX) design. Previous research shows that UX designers struggle to envision novel designs and to prototype with AI as a design material. We set out to investigate the question of how designers can be sensitized to LLMs, and their implications for the professional role of UX designers. Using autobiographical design, we develop a prototype of a digital workspace (the “PromptBoard”) for designing and prototyping chatbots utilizing ChatGPT. A design sprint workshop with six participants is performed, in an effort to answer the research questions by working with the PromptBoard. Discussions and participant-designed artifacts are analysed using thematic analysis. Findings include that participants are able to express design ideas and successfully create chatbots using the tool but express a conflicting sense of lacking creativity or ownership of the results. Implications to the field of UX design are discussed.

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  • 278.
    El Gody, Ahmed
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Controling fake news in Arab newsrooms2022Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 279.
    El Gody, Ahmed
    Örebro University, Department of Humanities.
    ICT and gender inequality in the Middle East, towards active participation2006In: Encyclopedia of gender and information technology / [ed] Eileen M. Trauth, Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing, 2006, p. 772-779Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 280.
    El Gody, Ahmed
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    ICT, Media and the Egyptian Revolution: Building Networks of Democracy2015In: Promoting social change and democracy through information technology / [ed] Vikas Kumar, Jakob Svensson, Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global, 2015, 1, p. 94-115Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 281.
    El Gody, Ahmed
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    The Middle East2013Report (Other academic)
  • 282.
    El Gody, Ahmed
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    The revolution continues: Mapping the Egyptian Twittersphere a decade after the 2011 Revolution2022In: First Monday, E-ISSN 1396-0466, Vol. 27, no 8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ten years after the onset of the Arab revolutions, Facebook and Twitter have turned into powerful enablers of vast disinformation campaigns, harassment, censorship, and incitement of violence against activists, journalists, and human rights defenders. This, however, does not mean that the Egyptian online experience is over. A new generation of digital activists has started to emerge, bringing together disparate individuals and groups educating citizens how to exploit social media tools to support a common cause: democracy. Commemorating the tenth anniversary of the Egyptian Revolution, social media activists remembered the 18–day Revolution, revisiting the besieged networked public sphere and examining the future of activism in Egypt. This study aims to map the Egyptian Twittersphere in its celebration of a decade of the Revolution, exploring the actors present, their voice and interactivity, and the main themes that evolved.

  • 283.
    Eldh, Johan
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, School Based Research, School age educare.
    Johansson, Rasmus
    Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, HLK, School Based Research, School age educare.
    Är användandet av IKT i fritidshemmet viktigt för elevernas utveckling?: Pedagogers beskrivningar om hur de arbetar med IKT i fritidshemmets verksamhet2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I dagens samhälle används Informations- och Kommunikationsteknik (IKT) på olika sätt och fritidshemmet ska följa med i utvecklingen av omvärlden. Fritidshemmet ska även utgå från elevernas behov och intressen. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa kunskap om hur pedagoger inom fritidshem använder IKT som verktyg för elevers meningsskapande, välbefinnande och utveckling i fritidshemmets verksamhet.

    Följande forskningsfrågor fokuseras:

    • Hur beskriver pedagogerna vad elever gör med de digitala verktygen?
    • Vilka faktorer beskriver pedagogerna som viktiga om IKT ska användas på fritidshem?
    • Hur beskriver pedagogerna sin kompetens i att arbeta med IKT på fritidshem?

    Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är det sociokulturella perspektivet som har sitt ursprung i Lev Vygotskijs teorier gällande utveckling, språk och lärande. En etnografisk ansats samt en kvalitativ metod har valts och empirin är således inhämtad med hjälp av observation samt semistrukturerade intervjuer.

    Resultaten redovisas utefter våra tre forskningsfrågor. Resultaten grundar sig i empirin vilket samlades in genom observation och genom de semistrukturerade intervjuerna. Resultaten visar att pedagogernas intresse och tillgång till tid och digitala verktyg styr hur mycket de arbetar med IKT i verksamheten. Det framkommer även att surfplattan har fått en stor roll i dagens fritidshem eftersom den är smidig och lätt att bära med sig för att dokumentera och användandet har ökat markant de sista åren.

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  • 284. Eliasson, Charlott
    Quality of Experience and Quality of Service in the Context of an Internet-based Map Service2008Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Increasingly many work processes depend on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services. These define the efficiency of how tasks are solved. The perceived usability of a service is heavily linked to the performance of the service, for instance the service responsiveness. Users do not like to wait; long response times (RTs) will interrupt their flow of thoughts and finally result in a loss of interest. Quality aspects, seen from the user’s point of view, have gained importance. While the rather traditional notion Quality of Service (QoS) is mostly related to technical quality parameters of the actual data transport, the more recently established notion of Quality of Experience (QoE) extends the notion of quality to include user perception and expectations. Obviously, QoE has strong subjective components and is also connected to the situation and context in which the user finds him- or herself. This work aims at finding quantitative relationships between QoE and QoS in order to provide application designers with means to adapt their application to available networks and the related conditions. We have particularly focused on a Geographical Information System (GIS) Map Service, with a web-based client-server application, used amongst others by professional users for tasks of urban planning. We have conducted user experiments to derive the relationship between user-perceived QoE, expressed qualitatively (through comments) and quantitatively (on the well-known scale from 1 = worst to 5 = best), and the response time, i.e. the time the user has to wait for the execution of a command. We have then established quantitative relationships between the response time and network problems such as losses and delays that have been generated in a controlled way using a traffic shaper between client and server.

  • 285. Eliasson, Charlott
    et al.
    Fiedler, Markus
    Jørstad, Ivar
    A criteria-based evaluation framework for authentication schemes in IMS2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is regarded as one of the most prominent enablers for successful service provisioning across different access network technologies and devices. While new paradigms, e.g. seamless communication, enter the IMS, existing solutions, e.g. for authentication, need to be redefined, which is one of the major activities within the EUREKA!-funded Mobicome project, involving operators, manufacturers and academia. As there exist several candidate solutions for providing seamless authentication, there is a need for a set of criteria that helps to select the candidate that fulfils those criteria in a bestpossible way. Given this background, this position paper proposes a framework of criteria for the evaluation of authentication schemes in IMS. The primary criteria are security, user-friendliness and simplicity. Inbetween these criteria, the secondary criteria can be found. These are awareness, usability and algorithms. Each criterion, both primary and secondary, is then also divided into one or several substantiating sub-criteria. The discussion of the criteria is followed by a description of the evaluation methodology, which comprises both qualitative and quantitative evaluations such as SWOT analysis, use of NIST and ISO guidelines, user rankings, and measurements of authentication times. The paper is concluded with an outlook on future work, including studies and experiments.

  • 286.
    Elmi, Nimmo Osman
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Digitalising Tax, The Kenyan Way: The Travels and Translations of ITax in Kenya2021Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Kenya, as with other developing countries, has joined the global bandwagon of using digital technologies to increase domestic revenues. Within the new strategies, lie great potential in achieving sustainable development, however, the shift is happening quite rapidly and has been made mandatory within a short period of time. The implications of this shift have prompted this research to analyse how it has shaped tax practices in Kenya. This study addresses the implementation strategies of an e-filings system, ITax in Kenya that was piloted, adopted and made mandatory in a short period of time. ITax as demonstrated in this dissertation has led to complexities including shifting tax expertise from tax consultants to information and communication technology (ICT) experts. I analyse what is at stake for all actors involved from those who commission its use to the taxpayers. I also ana-lyse whether Kenya was prepared economically or infrastructurally for this shift. The outset for this dissertation is models like ITax interface with the different interests of social/institutional worlds as it travels and gets translated generating complex and unintended effects. This study therefore combines postcolonial and technoscientific approaches in order to understand how the current implementation of ITax is connected to colonial development and fiscal rationale. Methodologically, this dissertation contributes to the socio-cultural perspectives to studying tax.

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  • 287. Elovaara, Pirjo
    Heterogeneous hybrids: Information Technology in Texts and Practices2001Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    How could one understand and interpret the phenomenon of information technology, is the overall research question of this licentiate dissertation. The point of departure is the way some official texts in Sweden define the concept of information technology. It is possible to identify two dominating discourses; the technical and the social. In the first paper, empirical material from the Women Writing on the Net-project is mirrored against these dominating discourses. In the second paper, the focus is on how the dominating discourses are translated into librarians´ work practices and how librarians shape and transform information technology. How could one understand librarians´ ways of talking about information technology where the two separate discourses of information technology identified in the official texts do not seem to be identified as pure and separable phenomena? Feminist theories, feminist technoscientific studies and ´actor-network theory´ offer epistemological and analytical frames and screens necessary to understand information technology as a hybrid involving numerous heterogeneous elements. Introduction to the Papers Paper One, Discourses and Cracks - A Case Study of Information Technology and Writing Women in a Regional Context, is the first paper where empirical material from a local IT project is used and discussed and where it is mirrored against the dominating discourses of information technology. The first part of this paper discusses information technology as a political and practical discourse which is in part shaped by the repetition of an exalted rhetoric. This repetitive discursive model can be distinguished in global, regional and local contexts and reflects an optimistic belief in technology as an independent power that automatically furthers democratic development. Is it really this simple? The analysis includes a discussion of the concept of ´universal citizenship´ in a context of women's experiences in Sweden. The second part of the paper presents empirical material and experiences from the Women Writing on the Net-project (this is included in the framework of the DIALOGUE project, which was partly funded by ISPO/EU). The aim was to create a virtual space for women on the Internet and to explore the writing process in terms of aim, tool and method. The method of approach incorporated reflections and discussions about empowerment, democracy and representation of women. This created a more complex understanding of the values of the predominant IT discourses, and revealed the "cracks" in, and possibilities of feminist redefinitions of these values. In Paper Two, Translating and Negotiating Information Technology: Discourses and Practices, I continue exploration of my overall research question "What is information technology?" I study the dominating discourses of information technology; these I call "the technical suit" and the "social suit." In my empirical field studies among librarians in southeast Sweden I explore how the two faces of information technology - the technical and the social - are translated into librarians´ work practices. I study a project which was defined by the librarians themselves as an information technology project. I investigate how this project complies with the social/societal definitions of information technology, and how it complies with the technical definitions of information technology. In my second empirical study, I use two case studies with librarians involved in constructing web sites on the Internet. The Internet and the web are often seen in part as an open and undefined landscape in which new actors can move freely and build new partnerships, and partly as a shadow landscape of existing structures and relationships which can close up new openings. In the concluding discussion, I state that information technology seems to be both an amoeba and a chameleon. One minute it is a very pure and complicated technical story told by technicians. The next minute, it changes and turns into a financial story told by business people. It subsequently turns out to be an educational story told by teachers. It is also, however, a household story told by computer people. I suggest that information technology is impure. It is a hybrid. Inspired by Donna Haraways´s technoscientific metaphor of cyborg I claim that information technology is a cyborg in itself. In the third paper, From Networks to Fluids and Fires - A Prelude to Actor-Network Theory, I discuss a method of analysis I have tried to apply to my empirical material. I explore the notions of Actor-Network Theory (ANT), and Actor-Network Theory and After (ANTA). My point of departure is the way some official texts in Sweden define the concept of information technology by stressing the technical aspects of IT; at the same time they present information technology as a motor and a driving force for many sectors of society. In my research, I have discussed with librarians how they shape and transform information technology in their own work practices. The problems of analysing this empirical material started when the librarians started to talk about people, machines and money all in one breath. How could one understand their way of talking about information technology where the two separate lines of information technology identified in the official texts did not seem to be identified as pure and separable phenomena? How was it possible to understand the concept of information technology as it was used by the librarians, who seemed to involve all kinds of different heterogeneous elements which at first sight were very far away from information technology? It was when asking these questions that I discovered ANT and ANTA. In this paper, I present some basic ideas about these two research approaches by reading and analysing articles published between 1980 and the year 2000. In addition to the ANT and ANTA perspectives, I also introduce my own research questions: story telling and epistemological problematisations closely connected with feminist theories are, for example, closely intertwined in this paper.

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  • 288. Elovaara, Pirjo
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Ekelin, Annelie
    Hansson, Christina
    Nilsson, Monica E
    Winter, Jeff
    Educational programs in e-government: An active, practice- and design-oriented network?2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the autumn of 2004, two higher educational programs in e-government will be starting up at Blekinge Institute of Technology in Southern Sweden. One of these is a Master’s level program, while the other is a more basic, two-year vocational education. Each will be the first of its kind in Scandinavia, and both will be offered as net-based distance education. The interdisciplinary group of researchers/teachers now developing the courses for these educational programs, in co-operation with several other research groups in Scandinavia, see this co-construction of distance education as the beginning of an active Scandinavian network of competence around higher education and ongoing research and development in the e-government area. We are currently exploring the possibilities of using distance education in this area as a way of networking around on-going e-government research and competence enhancement in Scandinavia. The Scandinavian tradition of Participatory Design, as well as ideas about e-government as constantly ongoing co-construction, have inspired us in our work with developing the new educational programs. A reference group consisting of representatives from a number of municipalities and various government agencies plays an important role in this work.

  • 289.
    Elovaara, Pirjo
    et al.
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad.
    Hansson, Christina
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad.
    Nilsson, Monica
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad.
    Winter, Jeff
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad.
    Educational programs in e-government - An active, practice- and design-oriented network?2004In: 3rd International Conference on Electronic Government (EGOV 2004): Conference Proceedings, Berlin: Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2004, p. 457-459Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the autumn of 2004, two higher educational programs in e-government will be starting up at Blekinge Institute of Technology in Southern Sweden. One of these is a Master’s level program, while the other is a more basic, two-year vocational education. Each will be the first of its kind in Scandinavia, and both will be offered as net-based distance education. The interdisciplinary group of researchers/teachers now developing the courses for these educational programs, in co-operation with several other research groups in Scandinavia, see this co-construction of distance education as the beginning of an active Scandinavian network of competence around higher education and ongoing research and development in the e-government area. We are currently exploring the possibilities of using distance education in this area as a way of networking around on-going e-government research and competence enhancement in Scandinavia. The Scandinavian tradition of Participatory Design, as well as ideas about e-government as constantly ongoing co-construction, have inspired us in our work with developing the new educational programs. A reference group consisting of representatives from a number of municipalities and various government agencies plays an important role in this work.

  • 290. Engelke, Ulrich
    et al.
    Maeder, Anthony
    Zepernick, Hans-Jürgen
    On Confidence and Response Times of Human Observers in Subjective Image Quality Assessment2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mean opinion scores obtained in subjective image quality experiments are widely accepted as measures of perceived visual quality. They have, however, a strong limitation regarding the reliability of the rated quality, since there is no explicit information as to whether the human observer experienced difficulties when judging image quality. We thus suggest that additional information about the observers confidence should be provided along with the actual quality measure. In this paper, we analyse two ways of obtaining this confidence measure; firstly as a confidence score given by the human observer and secondly as an indirect measure of the observers response time to provide the quality score. We reveal strong relationships of confidence scores and response times to the quality scores. We further propose a model to predict observer confidence based on the quality scores and response times.

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  • 291. Engelke, Ulrich
    et al.
    Maeder, Anthony
    Zepernick, Hans-Jürgen
    The Effect of Spatial Distortion Distributions on Human Viewing Behaviour when Judging Image Quality2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In wireless communication, distortions are induced into an image through both lossy source coding and an error prone channel. The combination thereof causes complex distortion patterns in the visual content which vary strongly in their spatial distribution, some being uniformly spread and others being locally clustered. In the context of image quality, it is of interest to identify as to how the distribution of the distortions impact on the visual attention of human observers and thus on the perceived quality. For this reason, we conducted an experiment in which fifteen participants were asked to rate the quality of eighty distorted images and their corresponding reference images, while we recorded their gaze patterns using an eye tracker. The test images contained a wide range of artifact magnitudes, both locally and globally distributed, and were created using a wireless channel simulation model. We then correlate the visual gaze patterns of the human observers with local energy measures of the distortions in order to identify the effect of distortion distributions on the viewing behaviour of human observers when judging image quality. The outcomes serve to improve the prediction performance of objective image quality metrics that we previously proposed.

  • 292. Engelke, Ulrich
    et al.
    Maeder, Anthony
    Zepernick, Hans-Jürgen
    Visual Attention Modelling for Subjective Image Quality Databases2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The modelling of perceptual image quality metrics has experienced increased effort in recent years. In order to allow for model design, validation, and comparison, a number of subjective image quality databases has been made available to the research community. Most metrics that were designed using these databases assess the quality uniformly over the whole image, not taking into account stronger attention to salient regions of an image. In order to facilitate incorporation of visual attention (VA) into objective metric design we have conducted an eye tracking experiment. The experiment and its outcomes will be explained in detail in this paper. The actual gaze data recorded in the experiment is publicly available in order to facilitate and encourage VA modelling for image quality metrics.

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  • 293.
    Englund, Claire
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Centre for Teaching and Learning (UPC).
    Påverkar IKT universitetslärares pedagogiska förhållningssätt?2013In: Reformation, revolution, evolution: universitetslärandet ur ett tidsperspektiv : konferensrapport / [ed] Erik Lindenius, Umeå: Universitetspedagogiskt centrum (UPC), Umeå universitet , 2013, p. 155-158Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 294.
    Engström, Henrik
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    Brusk, Jenny
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    Östblad, Per Anders
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    A comparison of immersion between players playing the same game with and without graphics2015In: Proceedings of the International Conferences on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2015, Game and Entertainment Technologies 2015 and Computer Graphics, Visualization, Computer Vision and Image Processing / [ed] Katherine Blashki & Yingcai Xiao, IADIS Press, 2015, p. 84-92Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the project presented in this paper is that visually impaired and sighted players should be able to play the same game and share a gaming experience. The goal is that the game should be accessible to visually impaired players without any additional tools, such as text-to-speech, that may reduce the immersion. At the same time, sighted players should perceive the game as a regular game. This paper presents an evaluation of the game where the player immersion has been evaluated through a post test immersion questionnaire. The study was conducted with three independent groups: sighted players using graphics (n=10), blindfolded sighted players (n=10) and visually impaired players (n=9). Although progress in the game and the reported sense of control differed between groups, player immersion was very high in all groups. There were differences between the three groups only in one out of five immersion factors. The result shows that it has been possible to provide an immersive experience irrespective of whether the players are playing the game with graphics or using audio only. 

  • 295.
    Engwall, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Centre for Social Work - CESAR.
    Online activities for individuals with intellectual disabilities at a day centre in the wake of COVID-192023In: British Journal of Learning Disabilities, ISSN 1354-4187, E-ISSN 1468-3156, Vol. 51, no 2, p. 229-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The lockdown of a day centre for individuals with intellectual disabilities led to digital activities instead of traditional physical presence.

    Method: This study is based on 17 interviews with staff of a day centre, directors of day centres and support persons.

    Findings: The purpose of the digital activities was to overcome physical distance and to create “social connectedness” with service users at a day centre. Emphasis was placed on recognisability to meet the needs of the service users. When the lockdown was lifted, service users were included in the production of digital artefacts. There were also obstacles to digitalisation: some service users had no access to Internet or tablets at home, some lawyers forbid the use of common digital programmes and service users were denied being visible on social media, support persons lacked digital competence and were reluctant to digital activities.

    Conclusions: The experiences of digital activities including coproduction of films made individuals with intellectual disabilities active and visible on social media. This might facilitate the possibilities for future digital inclusion in society. The support from staff at the sheltered accommodations was vital and when it succeeded it promoted a more holistic approach to the service users' everyday lives.

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    fulltext
  • 296.
    Enochsson, Ann-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Education.
    Barns internetsökning i skolan2005In: Utbildningsvetenskap 2005: Resultatdialog och framåtblick, Stockholm: Vetenskapsrådet , 2005, Vol. 13:2005, p. 56-60Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 297.
    Enochsson, Ann-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Education.
    Children choosing web pages2001In: New Review of Information Behaviour Research, ISSN 1471-6313, E-ISSN 1740-7877, Vol. 2, no November, p. 151-165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article reports on part of a research project about children's searches for information on the Internet. The focus of the study is what children consider to be good web pages, combined with their ability to reflect upon the reliability of the Internet. The study is a case study of a group of fourth grade children searching for information, mainly at school. However, in interviews and conversation with the children, information-seeking both at school and at home was discussed. In this class, the teacher had a clear aim to start teaching from the children's questions and to discuss the reasonableness in the answers the students found.Children age 9 - 11 have the potential to reflect upon the reliability in web pages and they do actually do this. The teaching methods in this case study probably contribute to the development of a greater awareness about lies on the Web. It is important not only to have time to search, but also to discuss the results. If we want our children to be effective information handlers, there is no point in postponing the start of this development.

  • 298.
    Enochsson, Ann-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Education.
    Datorn som redskap för lärande2002In: Nytt om data i skolanArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 299.
    Enochsson, Ann-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Education.
    Lunar gör det svåra lättare: men är bara ett komplement för dagens ungdomar2003In: Utbilder, tidskrift för pedagogisk debatt från Karlstads universitet, Vol. 3/4Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 300.
    Enochsson, Ann-Britt
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, Department of Education.
    The development of children's Web searching skills: a non-linear model2005In: Information research, E-ISSN 1368-1613, Vol. 11, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction.The aim of this article is to determine the various skills necessary for seeking information on the Internet in educational settings. Throughout the article there is also an aim to present the students' perspective on possibilities and difficulties when using the Internet.Methods.The approach is ethnographic, which requires various data collection methods. In total 110 students in four different settings have participated.Analyses.The analyses were partly made with the help of the software NUD*IST for qualitative analyses, where sentences both from interviews and field notes were coded. Some analyses were of qualitative nature and based on selected material from the coded texts. Others were strictly quantitative and compared data from coded qualitative material with questionnaires and computer logs in a database sheet. In ethnographic analyses the material is read several times and compared in different ways to see what themes will emerge. In this case the respondents have also commented upon the result.Result.The students regard six different skills as fundamental: language, knowledge about the technology, knowledge about different ways of information seeking, how search engines work, setting goals and being critical

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