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  • 201.
    Axelsson, Lucas
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Sammansättningar och särskrivningar i ett skandinaviskt perspektiv -En komparativ litteraturstudie mellan svenska, norska och danska2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I de skandinaviska språken svenska, norska och danska är sammansättning ett vanligt tillvägagångssätt att bilda nya ord. Normen i alla tre språk är att sammansättningar skrivs ihop utan mellanrum eller bindestreck, men likafullt uppstår i många fall särskrivningar. Föreliggande litteraturstudie syftar till att jämföra sammansättningar och särskrivningar i svenska, norska och danska genom att undersöka förekomsten och former av dessa, orsaker till att särskrivningar uppstår samt attityder gentemot dessa. Studien har ett komparativt anslag där likheter och skillnader mellan språken presenteras. För att finna underlag till studien söktes systematiskt i databaser och manuellt i tidskrifter. Resultatdelen baseras på 19 artiklar och analysen visar att särskrivningar är vanligt förekommande i alla tre undersökta språk, men att det finns olika orsaker till att de uppstår. Dessutom förs en diskussion kring olika, vitt skilda, förhållningsätt och attityder gentemot särskrivningar.

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  • 202.
    Axelsson, Maja
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Jebrail, Yelda
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Att känna gör mig och dig till människor: Gestaltning av psykisk ohälsa i utvald skönlitteratur för barn och unga2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Maja Axelsson och Yelda Jebrail: “Att känna gör mig och dig till människor: gestaltning av psykisk ohälsa i utvald skönlitteratur för barn och unga”. Grundlärarprogrammet, inriktning mot arbete i grundskolans årskurs 4–6, Svenska språket, Svenska, Självständigt arbete inriktning 4–6, G-nivå, 15 högskolepoäng, HT 2023.

    I uppsatsen görs en kvalitativ litteraturanalys där vi analyserar tre skönlitterära böcker som behandlar ämnet psykisk ohälsa. Uppsatsen avser undersöka olika uttrycksformer av psykisk ohälsa med ett fokus på barnperspektivet och nutidsperspektivet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska hur psykiskt ohälsa framställs i tre utvalda skönlitterära verk för barn och unga samt hur dessa böcker kan integreras i undervisningssammanhang med hänsyn till det didaktiska perspektivet som lyfts fram i diskussionen. För att uppnå detta kommer vi att utforska vilka former av psykisk ohälsa som kommer i uttryck hos de olika huvudpersonerna och analysera möjliga följder av att integrera ett sådant tema i undervisningen. Vi kommer även att diskutera begreppet mentalisering och hur elever kan utveckla sin mentaliseringsförmåga med hjälp av skönlitteratur. Våra slutsatser visar att psykisk ohälsa tar olika uttryck för huvudpersonerna i våra valda verk. På grund av detta blir psykisk ohälsa som tema relevant att diskutera i samband med skönlitteratur då det ger elever möjlighet att få syn på hur det kan uttrycka sig för olika personer och det skapar i sin tur möjligheter för lärande och vidare förståelse.

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    Att känna gör mig och dig till människor: Gestaltning av psykisk ohälsa i utvald skönlitteratur för barn och unga
  • 203.
    Axelsson, Marcus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Languages, Department of Scandinavian Languages.
    ”Kalla mig inte mamsell!”: En jämförelse av tre skandinaviska översättares behandling av kulturspecifika element i fransk- och engelskspråkig skönlitteratur2016Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study deals with the work and practice of three Scandinavian translators, namely Kjell Olaf Jensen (Norwegian), Marianne Öjerskog (Swedish) and Agnete Dorph Stjernfelt (Danish). The main question of the thesis is what strategies the translators use when translating culture-specific elements from French and English. Theoretically the thesis positions itself within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies and draws upon system theories as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of culture. The method consists of a source text – target text analysis, using a somewhat modified version of Pedersen’s (2007) method identifying seven translation strategies, namely (1) retention, (2) specification, (3) direct translation, (4) generalization, (5) substitution, (6) omission and (7) official equivalent. In this thesis the three former and the official equivalent are categorized as “adequate”, whereas generalization, substitution and omission are categorized as “acceptable” using Toury’s (2012) terminology. Six different types of culture-specific elements are investigated, namely (1) titles, address and professional titles, (2) currencies, (3) weights and measures, (4) literature and music, (5) education, and (6) names. In addition to this analysis, interviews with the three translators were carried out. Results show that there are both similarities and dissimilarities in the translators’ choices of translation strategies. It also turns out that the strategies used to a great extent depend on the culture-specific element in question and hardly ever on the source language. Results also suggest that the higher the translators’ amount of accumulated total capital, the more likely it is that they adopt a heterodoxic translation strategy. Jensen and Stjernfelt are more often positioned at one of the two extremes of the adequacy–acceptability axis than is the case for Öjerskog. Moreover, results from the interviews and the text analyses show that there are a number of norms that govern the translators’ practices. The translatorial practice is to manoeuver in a field governed by norms in order to produce the best possible target texts – target texts that are true to the original and conform to domestic literary standards.

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  • 204.
    Axelsson, Marcus
    et al.
    Høgskolen i Østfold.
    Lindgren, Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Languages, Department of Modern Languages, Romance Languages. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Education.
    Översättning av kraftuttryck i de franska och svenska översättningarna av Maria Parrs Keeperen og havet2021In: Barnboken, ISSN 0347-772X, E-ISSN 2000-4389, Vol. 44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study deals with the translation of foul languagein the French and Swedish translations of Maria Parr’s Norwegian novel Keeperen og havet (Lena, the Sea, and Me, 2017). Previous research shows that children’s literature is translated differently in France and in Scandinavia. It is also well-known that parents often have an opinion on what children’s literature can contain. For this reason, we choose the two target languages in question, French and Swedish, and the specific object of study, namely foul language. Methodologically, this is a comparative case study where we compare how passages containing foul language are translated from Norwegian to French and Swedish. Parr is highly creative in her use of foul language. Our study suggests that the Swedish translator retains the coarseness of the source text, and often does so to a great extent by choosing established expressions in the target language. The French translator shows a great deal of creativity, as she uses the characteristics of the plot and the setting to find solutions that are true to the style of the source text.

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  • 205.
    Axelsson, Micaela
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication.
    Hart, Camilla
    Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication.
    Vad är det för skillnad?: En komparativ analys av ett digitalt och ett tryckt läromedel i svenska2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att genom en jämförelse mellan ett digitalt och ett tryckt läromedel undersöka vilka likheter och skillnader som förekommer i läromedlens struktur, samt hur text och bild samspelar inom de områden som behandlar läsning och läsförståelse. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en komparativ analysmetod i kombination med en multimodal analysmodell. Resultatet visar att det finns likheter i läromedlens innehåll, ordning av innehåll och användning av bilder men även att det finns skillnader i läromedlens layout och färgsättning.

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  • 206.
    Axling, Josefin
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    Hildingsson, Anna
    Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.
    När pappor sviker och normer bryts En analys av karaktärerna Pippi Långstrump och Ronja Rövardotter2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppsatsen analyserar Astrid Lindgrens karaktärer Pippi Långstrump och Ronja Rövardotter. Litteraturanalysen genomförs med komparativ metod. Syftet är att synliggöra diskriminerande strukturer, exkluderingsmekanismer och normer i texterna. Vi har även valt att undersöka Lindgren som person, för att se om det finns en koppling mellan hennes person och verk. Uppsatsen utgår från en kvalitativ analys och teorin critical literacy. Analysens resultat i vuxnas syn på barn visar en hierarki där vuxna har makt. I Pippi Långstrump exkluderas barn som stör ordningen, och i Ronja Rövardotter exkluderas barn genom ett hemlighållande av föräldrarna. Pippi Långstrumps far är frånvarande under större delen av Pippis liv, hans roll är att fungera som en ekonomisk resurs för dottern. Ronja Rövardotters far är närvarande och beskyddande, dock gör hans leverne och temperament att Ronja skjuts ifrån honom. Båda karaktärerna Pippi och Ronja är normbrytande, men på olika sätt. Pippi bryter normerna genom sitt ohyfsade beteende, Ronja bryter normerna genom att gå emot sin familjs värderingar. Pippi Långstrump är en humoristisk och lättsam bok, den är uppbyggd med mindre enkla vardagsäventyr där Lindgrens skicklighet för ordlekar och anekdoter visas. Ronja Rövardotter är en familjeroman som skildrar sorg, kärlek, tragedier och död.

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  • 207.
    Axén, Robin
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Language, Literature and Intercultural Studies.
    In Conflict with Conformity: The Protagonist’s Struggle against Victorian Institutions and Gendered Behavioral Norms in Jane Eyre2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay examines the theme of conformity in Charlotte Brontë’s novel Jane Eyre. It highlights in particular the protagonist’s conflict with conformity as criticism of social inequality in terms of gender. The analysis builds on the patriarchal concept of the angel of the house, as described by Lois Tyson and Alastair Henry and Catharine Walker Bergström, which is a definition of the governing codes of behavior women of the nineteenth century were expected to follow within both the domestic and professional sphere. Specifically, these spheres are organized through significant Victorian institutions such as the household, the education and employment of women and the marriage. The behavior of Jane is discussed in relation to these institutions as a means to support the argument of the protagonist distancing herself from contemporary gender norms. The conclusion of the essay shows that Jane’s circumstances within these institutions leads to her deviation from behavioral norms as a deliberate action.

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  • 208.
    Azambuja, Enaie Maire
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of English.
    Human and animal in ‘the Open’: an exploration of image and worlding in the poetry of Marianne Moore and João Cabral de Melo Neto2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis firstly aims at discussing the early works of American poet Marianne Moore (1887-1972) through the bio-philosophical perspectives developed since the investigations of Estonian Jacob von Uexküll (1864-1944). The study elucidates Uexküll’s research on the web-like forms of life that is the Umwelt of animals and Moore’s creation of poetic environments. Such investigations provide a basis for the analysis of Moore’s animals and environments in dialogue with Martin Heidegger’s (1889-1976) concepts of “poverty in world”, and “animal captivation”. Uexküll’s and Heidegger’s concepts are revised by Italian Giorgio Agamben (1942- ), who proposes that there is an openness in the state of being ontologically captivated, caused by interactional processes occurring within the environment. Subsequently, taking into account these same perspectives, this thesis offers a comparative study of Marianne Moore and Brazilian poet João Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999), engaging, respectively, her early poems with his book O Cão Sem Plumas [The Dog without Feathers], written in 1950. From the bio-philosophical perspectives previously discussed, this study focuses on moral and ethical stances addressed towards interpretations of the onto-ethological (Buchanan, 2008) nature of animals. The study analyses how both Moore and Melo Neto convey their ethical reflections and specific moral issues through expressions of nature and animal life, especially when they emphasise contexts of violence, misery and deprivation, either in material or conceptual respects, involved with the ontological and world-forming conditions of both animals and human beings. Therefore, the research will focus on their use of literary devices, such as allegories, and literary genres, such as fables, in order to develop both explicit and implicit dimensions of their poetry, thus providing a deeper understanding of the ontological status of animals and human beings. 

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  • 209.
    Backeby, Elina
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences, Educational science.
    Thor, Lisa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences, Educational science.
    Aktiva pojkar och passiva flickor - genusnormer i berättelser: En textanalys av tre läseböcker ur ett genusperspektiv2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Skolan har ett viktigt uppdrag att motverka traditionella könsmönster och främja jämställdhet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur tre av skolans läseböcker från tre olika decennier framställer kvinnor och flickor samt män och pojkar. De tre utvalda läseböckerna är Pojken och Tigern: en Sverige-saga (1986), Djurspanarna B (2001) och Nyckeln till skatten 3B (2013). Vi har även granskat om läseböckerna svarar mot de aktuella läroplanernas krav för demokrati och jämställdhet. För att kunna analysera empirin utgick vi från Hirdmans genusteori som handlar om isärhållning av könen och hierarkin där mannen framställs som normen. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ textanalys med kvantitativa inslag.

     

    Resultatet visar att endast en av de tre utvalda läseböckerna svarar mot den nutida läroplanens krav att motverka traditionella könsmönster. De andra två läseböckerna främjar snarare än motverkar traditionella könsmönster då män, pojkar, kvinnor och flickor tillskrivs egenskaper och handlingar som traditionellt förväntas utifrån deras könstillhörighet. 

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  • 210.
    Backlund, Anna-Pia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, English.
    The Impermanence of Norms: A Study of Fahrenheit 451 Based on Foucauldian Concepts2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In 1953 Ray Bradbury wrote the novel Fahrenheit 451. The plot is set in a fictional, North American future. This essay aims to show that what is considered normal regarding fundamental values such as knowledge, love, and respect in this imaginary future society is different from what was considered normal in North America in the 1950s when Bradbury wrote the book. The norms differ to such an extent that it is possible to claim that Fahrenheit 451 is set in a new episteme. Episteme is a term used by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. It designates a time in which society has an underlying understanding of what is considered normal. According to Michel Foucault, the year 1953 when Bradbury wrote the book, belonged to the episteme of Modernity. This essay aims to illustrate that in the future fictional society of Fahrenheit 451, the norm regarding some aspects of the culture has changed to the extent that there is reason to call the era a new episteme, and that a proper name would be the episteme of Ignorance. This name signals the lack of regard for knowledge in the society of Fahrenheit 451. This essay's analytical tools are Michel Foucault’s terms, theories, and concepts. 

    Keywords: Episteme, Michel Foucault, Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451, knowledge, ignorance, norms, power.  

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  • 211.
    Backlund, Sofia
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Language, Literature and Intercultural Studies (from 2013).
    Hybrid identities in The Lonely Londoners by Samuel Selvon: A character analysis of the two characters Moses and Galahad.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay reads and analyses the novel The Lonely Londoners by Samuel Selvon through the lens of postcolonial theory. It examines the West Indian migrants who migrated to Britain in the 1950s, searching for a better life. They had been indoctrinated by the colonizers for decades of the prosperous life awaiting them in the Motherland. They arrived in Britain with high hopes and eager minds to find a possibility of abandoning the colonial oppression in exchange for alife in London. However, that did not become the reality for the migrants. The novel depicts the shattering of the sensation of self-worth and identity which they sacrificed in their attempts to adapt to and belong in English society. The migrants find themselves confused and ambivalentin this very harsh and cold British society. Further, this essay investigates the ways in whichmimicry and hybridity have been portrayed in the novel through analysing two of the main characters applying theories by Homi Bhabha, Frantz Fanon, Stuart Hall, and Edouard Glissant. 

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  • 212.
    Backman, Rebecka
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013).
    The Awakening of a Modern Self: Self-Discovery in Kate Chopin’s Novel The Awakening2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay argues that The Awakening treats the 1890s “modern woman” that arose from feminist ideas and the women’s movement, challenging patriarchal society with an independent lifestyle. Following Ringe, this essay suggests that the novel has a purpose of showing the process and the development of the protagonist’s individual self. But rather than connect this theme to the transcendentalist notion of the self, as Ringe does, this essay looks at this theme in the light of the notion of the “modern woman”. By arguing that Edna develops into a modern woman during this process, the essay finds that she moves from the traditional position as a “patriarchal woman” towards the role of an “emancipated woman”. Further, the essay shows that Edna’s development and thereby her attempt to change her position fails as the process of self-discovery is conflicted, resulting in Edna’s suicide. Finally, by also arguing that the novel treats a woman’s self and the process of a development, the essay visualizes that the novel is built-up by seven steps that together constitute the process from “patriarchal woman” to “emancipated woman”. This process awakens a self-awareness and self-image within Edna that are strengthened with each of these step as she becomes a “modern woman”.

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  • 213.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Birgitta Trotzig och det katolska2023Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 214.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas.
    Den kluvna kärnan: Läsningar av Birgitta Trotzigs "Ormflickan" [The Split Kernel. Readings of Birgitta Trotzig's "Ormflickan" ("The Serpent Girl")]2012In: Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Philologica 1/Germanistica Pragensia, ISSN 0567-8269, Vol. 21, no 1/2012, p. 87-118Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 215.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Die provisorische Ordnung: zu Magnus Dahlströms Prosa1994In: Präsentationen: Schwedische Gegenwartsautoren: Jacques Werup, Björn Ranelid, Magnus Dahlström / [ed] Knut Brynhildsvoll, Morsbach: Norden , 1994, p. 139-189Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 216.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Fantasin i arbete: Om Gaston Bachelards telluriska onirism och Sara Lidmans Gruva2012In: Litteraturens arbetare: En vänbok till Per-Olof Mattsson / [ed] Christer Johansson & Per Anders Wiktorsson, Lund: Ellerströms förlag, 2012, 1, p. 203-215Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 217.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Från nationalhjälte till rikstyrann: Karl XII i det svenska 1800-taletslitterära minneskultur2023In: Scandinavistica Vilnensis, ISSN 2029-2112, Numrets tema: Memory and Remembrance in Scandinavian Cultures: Political Memory, ISSN ISSN 2029-2112, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 511-537Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 218.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Genreekvilibristen Astrid Lindgren2011In: Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, ISSN 1897-3035, Vol. 6, p. 7-28Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 219.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Kosmos återupprättat: Sex läsningar av Magnus Dahlströms prosa1993In: Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap, ISSN 1104-0556, E-ISSN 2001-094X, Vol. 22, no 4, p. 3-20Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 220.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Kulturminnet avförtrollat?: Sekularisering och resakralisering i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder2022Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Abstract
  • 221.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Kulturminnet avförtrollat? Sekularisering och resakralisering i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder (1872-1897)2023In: Säkularisierung erzählen: Entwürfe skandinavischer Literatur um 1900 / [ed] Angelika Gröger; Joachim Schiedermair; Franziska Schlichtkrull, Baden-Baden: Rombach Wissenschaft , 2023Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cultural Memory Disenchanted? Secularization and Re-sacralization in Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder (1872-1897)

    This article investigates the patterns of secularization and re-sacralization in Carl Snoilsky’s (1841–1903) collection of poems Svenska bilder (1872–1897, Swedish Pictures[KB1]  Images), ranked for a long time as a Swedish classic. The collection turns back to significant events in early modern Swedish history and has been conceived of as a compendium of national cultural memory. As a dedicated adherent of the century’s progressive liberal and democratic ideology, Snoilsky, the article shows, secularizes the historical material of the poems in accordance with four main patterns: autonomization, specialization, depotentiation, and differentiation. However, for the purpose of emphasizing Swedish patriotic values, Snoilsky simultaneously accomplishes a re-sacralization of the collection’s cultural memory by means of some recurrent patterns: ontologization, existentialization, mythization, actualization, etc.

  • 222.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Lyckans dödsmaskin: Bilden av den skandinaviska exceptionalismen hos Emmanuel Mounier, Birgitta Trotzig och Sara Stridsberg2018In: Abstracts, 2018, p. 8-8Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 223.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Lyckans dödsmaskin: Kritiken mot den skandinaviska exceptionalismen hos Emmanuel Mounier, Birgitta Trotzig och Sara Stridsberg2021In: Scandinavian Exceptionalisms: Culture, Society, Discourse / [ed] Jens Bjerring-Hansen, Torben Jelsbak, Anna Estera Mrozewicz, Berlin: Nordeuropa-Institut der Humboldt-Universität , 2021, p. 117-144Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 224.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Mellan hummer och pölsa - kulinarisk transition i Torgny Lindgrens och Ella Nilssons Maten2018In: Transit - 'Norden' och 'Europa': IASS XXXI 2016 / [ed] Petra Broomans, Ester Jiresch, Janke Klok, Anja Schüppert, Groningen: Barkhuis, 2018, p. 130-141Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The  contribution  investigates  culinary  transitions between  Sweden  and  Europe  in  Torgny Lindgren's and Ella Nilsson's epistolary cookbook, Maten.  Hunger  och  törst  i  Västerbotten(2003) (Food: Hunger and Thirst in Västerbotten). With a theoretical starting point in discourse-analytic approaches to nationalistic ideology, primarily elaborated within cultural studies, the contribution examines uses of the binarity of Sweden/Europe in essentialist and deconstructive practices of the cookbook. The argument comprises three parts. In the first part, the cookbook's conception of Västerbottenian cuisine is scrutinized. It is argued that Lindgren's and Nilsson's construction of gastronomic Västerbottenianness  brings into play a whole range of rhetorical strategies that are usually utilized to construct national cuisines. Västerbottenian cookery is: (a) codified as a normative canon, (b) connected to a specific place, to a historical tradition and to ritualized customs, (c) defined as a restitution project preserving regional heritage from entropy, and (d) organized according to certain culinary icons, each of which mythologically incarnates some part of the "soul" of the region. The second part discusses the position of Europe on the cookbook's gastronomic map. The concept of Europeanness  in Maten  is  shown  to  be constructed as a cultural "Other" and – by analogy with other counter-images – (a) excluded from the field of genuine cookery, (b) smuggled into the cookbook's culinary discourse through devices of disguise and (c) manifest in "typical" Västerbottnian recipes its presence in "typical" Västerbottenian  recipes  by  generating  contradictions,  semantic  displacements  and  aporetic paradoxes.  The  final  part  examines  the  role  of  Sweden  among  the  cookbook's  gastronomic identities.  Unlike  traditional  cookery  books  dedicated  to  Swedish  national  cuisine, Matenproblematizes  the  relationship  between  centre  and  periphery,  constructing  Swedishness  as  a "double"  identity:  both  the  internalized  "Self"  and  the  oppressive  "Other".  Correspondingly, Lindgren  and  Nilsson  have  an  ambiguous,  partly  ironic,  attitude  towards  their  own  local patriotic cuisine project using the notion of "Saminess" to undermine Västerbottenian culinary logocentrism.

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  • 225.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Mellan hummer och pölsa: kulinarisk transition i Torgny Lindgrens och Ella Nilssons 'Maten'2018In: TijdSchrift voor Skandinavistiek, ISSN 0168-2148, E-ISSN 1875-9505, Vol. 36, no 2, p. 99-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The contribution investigates culinary transitions between Sweden and Europe in Torgny Lindgren's and Ella Nilsson's epistolary cookbook, Maten. Hunger och törst i Västerbotten (2003) (Food: Hunger and Thirst in Västerbotten). With a theoretical starting point in discourse-analytic approaches to nationalistic ideology, primarily elaborated within cultural studies, the contribution examines uses of the binarity of Sweden/Europe in essentialist and deconstructive practices of the cookbook. The argument comprises three parts. In the first part, the cookbook's conception of Västerbottenian cuisine is scrutinized. It is argued that Lindgren's and Nilsson's construction of gastronomic Västerbottenianness brings into play a whole range of rhetorical strategies that are usually utilized to construct national cuisines. Västerbottenian cookery is: (a) codified as a normative canon, (b) connected to a specific place, to a historical tradition and to ritualized customs, (c) defined as a restitution project preserving regional heritage from entropy, and (d) organized according to certain culinary icons, each of which mythologically incarnates some part of the "soul" of the region. The second part discusses the position of Europe on the cookbook's gastronomic map. The concept of Europeanness in Maten is shown to be constructed as a cultural "Other" and – by analogy with other counter-images – (a) excluded from the field of genuine cookery, (b) smuggled into the cookbook's culinary discourse through devices of disguise and (c) manifest in "typical" Västerbottnian recipes its presence in "typical" Västerbottenian recipes by generating contradictions, semantic displacements and aporetic paradoxes. The final part examines the role of Sweden among the cookbook's gastronomic identities. Unlike traditional cookery books dedicated to Swedish national cuisine, Maten problematizes the relationship between centre and periphery, constructing Swedishness as a "double" identity: both the internalized "Self" and the oppressive "Other". Correspondingly, Lindgren and Nilsson have an ambiguous, partly ironic, attitude towards their own local patriotic cuisine project using the notion of "Saminess" to undermine Västerbottenian culinary logocentrism.

  • 226.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Minneskulturell avmytisering och remytiseringi Snoilskys Svenska bilder2023In: Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, ISSN 1897-3035, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 21-43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article analyses the relationship between cultural memory and myth in CarlSnoilsky’s poetic cycle Svenska bilder (Swedish Pictures). According to theoreticians, one ofthe primary goals of the 19th-century cultural memory is to consolidate the nation-state. Politically conservative Swedish Romanticism achieves this goal by turning Swedish cultural memory into a kind of national mythology, combining mythical and historical elements. In hiscycle, Snoilsky, a democrat and a liberal, revises the Romantic construction of Swedish nationalmemory by demythicising it. However, the author’s patriotic intentions often lead to the remythicisation of the democratically calibrated events and figures featuring in the cycle. The articleanalyses this dialectic, drawing on the theories of myth by Roland Barthes, Northrop Frye, Carl Gustav Jung, Ernst Casssirer, Mircea Eliade, Max Weber, et al., and supporting them with theintertextual apparatus of Gérard Genette. Among the most important demythicising strategiesin Svenska bilder are mimetic devaluation, archetypal deheroisation, semiotic denaturalisation,and secularisation. Remythicisation in Snoilsky’s cycle is realised either by taking over selectedelements of Romantic cultural memory, or by subjecting liberal cultural memory to mythicising strategies. The most important of these include mimetic valuation, archetypal heroisation,semiotic naturalisation, and sacralisation, i.e. strategies that are in dialectical opposition to thedistinguished strategies of demythicisation.

  • 227.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Odysseus und Sirenen in der schwedischsprachigen Lyrik des 20. Jahrhunderts2016In: Odysseen des Humanen: Antike, Judentum und Christentum in der deutschsprachigen Literatur: Festschrift für Prof. Dr. Maria Kłańska zum 65. Geburtstag / [ed] Katarzyna Jaśtal, Paweł Zarychta, Anna Dąbrowska, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2016, p. 103-112Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 228.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    "Om hon från Polen vore här" eller Szymborska på svenska2017Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 229.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Patologins teologi: Om vansinne, synd och skuld hos Birgitta Trotzig2023Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Att Birgitta Trotzigs verk kretsar kring vansinnet är en etablerad sanning i forskningen. Ofta har hennes gestaltning av mental ohälsa tolkats via politiska och postmoderna referenser. Trotzig själv har i olika sammanhang betonat att hon skriver "väldigt religiösa böcker". I mitt föredrag närmar jag mig psykisk sjukdom som tema och diskurs i hennes författarskap utifrån den kristna hamartiologin. Min startpunkt är Kierkegaards psykologiserande teori om synden i Begrebet Angest och Sygdomen till Döden, verk som haft stor betydelse för Trotzigs förståelse av jagets inre dynamik. Dessa klassiska intertexter kompletterar jag med den inflytelserika katolska 1900-talsteologi som i Kierkegaards fotspår försöker inkorporera psykopatologin i syndens sfär. Att denna religiösa systemreferens produktivt kan appliceras på Trotzigs människoskildring försöker jag visa genom en analys av de fyra huvudgestalterna i romanen Dykungens dotter - Mojan, flickan, pojken, gårdskarlen - och deras neuroser. Utifrån de nämnda teologiska teorierna diskuterar jag avslutningsvis varför nåden hos Trotzig inte får generera ett motsvarande psykiskt välmående.

  • 230.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Polyfont och monofont: om Birgitta Trotzigs intertextuella poetik1996In: Arbeiten zur Skandinavistik: XII. Arbeitstagung der deutschsprachigen Skandinavistik 16.-23. September 1995 in Greifswald / [ed] Walter Baumgartner, Hans Fix, Wien: Verlag Fassbaender, 1996, p. 233-239Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 231.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Program och porträtt: Birgitta Trotzigs poetologiska strategier1997In: Fragmente einer skandinavischen Poetikgeschichte / [ed] Heiko Uecker, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Publishing Group, 1997, p. 119-128Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 232.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    På spaning efter en ny nationell identitet: Konstruktionen av kulturminne i Carl Snoilskys Svenska bilder2023Collection (editor) (Refereed)
  • 233.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Literature and History of Ideas, History of Literature.
    Romantikens upplysningstid1998In: Opplysning i Norden: foredrag på den XXI. studiekonferanse i International Association for Scandinavian Studies (IASS), arrangert av Skandinavistische Abteilung, Germanistisches Seminar, Universität Bonn 5.-11. august 1996 / [ed] Heiko Uecker, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Publishing Group, 1998, p. 121-126Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 234.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland.
    Skandinavisk litteratur i Polens litterära kanon2020In: CSS Conference 2019: Scandinavian Languages and Literatures World Wide / [ed] Robert Ekdahl, Lund: Lund University Open Access, 2020, p. 1-16Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vilken plats intar den skandinaviska litteraturen i Polens litterära kanon? Frågan väcker en rad litteraturteoretiska problem. Men låt oss tills vidare lämna dem åt sidan och i stället utgå från två konkreta fall, som dels kan ge inblickar i Polens litteraturkanon och dess skandinaviska halt, dels kan hjälpa oss att precisera begreppen. Mitt val av konkreta studieobjekt låter sig motiveras av att de effektivt kompletterar varandras begränsningar. Det första ger en bra bild av kanons kvantitativa sida men säger relativt litet om de kvalitativa aspekterna. Det andra förvrider de kvantitativa förhållandena men ger ett någorlunda tillförlitligt svar på frågan vad den polska kanoniseringen av skandinavisk litteratur egentligen innebär. Med skandinavisk litteratur avses här – i enlighet med polskt språkbruk – litteraturen från samtliga fem nordiska länder

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  • 235.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Skandinavisk litteratur i Polens nationella kanon2019Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 236.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Sverige, Norden, världen: Kulturella rum hos Birgitta Trotzig2017In: CSS Conference 2017, "Rethinking Scandinavia": Lund 14-17 juni 2017, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Birgitta Trotzigs essäer, debattartiklar och intervjuer domineras av två kulturgeografiska storheter – Sverige och Europa – som dels definieras antitetiskt, dels betraktas som varandras spegelbilder. I detta dualistiska världskoncept finns inte plats för Norden som en med egen identitet försedd enhet. Betecknande nog berömmer Trotzig hemstaden Lund inte för att den ligger nära Danmark utan för att den är en integrerad del av kontinenten. Desto starkare aktualiseras Norden i Trotzigs skönlitterära författarskap. Sin största roman, Dykungens dotter (1985), utformar hon som en modern parabel vars två huvudkomponenter – bildledet och sakledet – regleras av var sin nordiska intertext. Att bildledets narration bygger på H. C. Andersens konstsaga ”Dynd-Kongens Datter” (1858) signaleras redan av romanens paratexter och har energiskt kommenterats i receptionen. Mindre uppmärksammat är att sakledets semantiska strukturer i hög grad styrs av Kierkegaards människoförståelse. Genom en närläsning av en nyckelscen i romanen – Mojans möte med dykungen i skogen – demonstrerar föredraget att textens talrika gammal- och nytestamentliga anspelningar kan återföras på Kierkegaards bibelexeges. I ett avslutande steg visar föredraget att de nordiska referenserna trots sin textuella tydlighet aldrig blir dominanter i Trotzigs antropologiska betydelseproduktion. Såväl konceptet Norden som den binära konstruktionen Sverige/Europa undermineras i sista hand av hennes förmodernt präglade essentialism, som genom sitt universalistiska naturbegrepp ogiltigförklarar temporala och spatiala specificeringar.

  • 237.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland.
    Sverige, världen och det frånvarande Norden: Om kulturella rum hos Birgitta Trotzig2018In: Rethinking Scandinavia: CSS publications web quarterly, ISSN 2002-9039, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 1-8Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 238.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Tłumacz w roli terapeuty: O Neugerowskim przekładzie Elegii Stagneliusa2022In: Gry międzyludzkie Leona Neugera / [ed] Aleksander Fiut, Elżbieta Jogałła, Elżbieta Tabakowska, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Austeria , 2022, p. 339-348Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 239.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics.
    Vad döljer sig i Västerbottens mage?: Om Augustinus och Torgny Lindgrens Minnen 2014In: Samlaren: Tidskrift för forskning om svensk och annan nordisk litteratur, ISSN 0348-6133, E-ISSN 2002-3871, Vol. 135, p. 5-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article investigates the complex intertextual dialogue between Torgny Lindgren's Minnen (2010) and Augustine's Confessions, from which Lindgren has taken the motto of his autobiography. By using the patristic intertext as a starting point, the investigation intends to show how Lindgren has constructed his image of Västerbotten. The article is divided into four parts. The first part (I), establishes the heuristic principles of the investigation, which adhere to the recent tendency in patristic studies to observe the heterogeneous character of Augustine's world of thought. The second part of the article (II) charts parallels between text and intertext in their portrayal of grace, evil, and man. It emerges that those elements of Lindgren's world view which are particularly closely related to Augustinian theology are also the ones that possess a particularly strong Västerbottnian character. This intertextual affinity can be explained not only with reference to the Lutheran tradition of Västerbotten, but also has to be related to the text's specific structure of memoria, which is unravelled in the remaining parts (III-IV). On the basis of modern cultural anthropological theories of memory, the third part demonstrates that most of the differences between text and intertext can be linked to the cultural memory of modernity, and document the rise and fall of industrial subjectivity. Lindgren embeds his autobiographical version of Västerbotten into the basic structure of modern memory, transforms it into a quasi-subject, and taints it with the symptoms of decay that plague the industrial 'I.' In the same as Western modernity, Minnen draws the majority of its metaphors of dissolution from Augustine's paradigmatic doctrine of sin. The fourth part of the article (IV) aims to analyse the autobiography's mechanisms of substitution. It is argued that these attempt-in analogy to many Western critics of modernity-to counteract the crisis of industrial cultural memory by reviving the Augustinian forms of memoria and creating a synthesis of pre-industrial and industrial. Within the quasi subject of Västerbotten and its wealth of agrarian objects, Lindgren finds adequate metaphorical models for use in his compensatory project of counter-memory. The article concludes by observing that, just as Minnen's productive dialogue with Augustine allows it to recapitulate the history of Western memory, Lindgren's Västerbotten is elevated to the status of a universal symbol of European consciousness and its fate.

  • 240.
    Bak, Krzysztof
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Culture and Aesthetics. Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland; Stockholm University. Sweden.
    Dziedzic, Dominik
    Zillén, Erik
    Żurawska, Elżbieta
    Carl Snoilsky’s Svenska bilder and Cultural Memory in the 19th Century2023In: Studia Litteraria Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, ISSN 1897-3035, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 1-19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents the research project “Searching for a New National Identity: TheConstruction of Swedish Cultural Memory in Carl Snoilsky’s Poems Svenska bilder”, and functions as an introduction to the four subsequent articles in this issue of Studia Litteraria, whichare the result of the project. The principal aim of the project was a comprehensive analysis ofthe construction of cultural memory in Carl Snoilsky’s cycle of poems Svenska bilder (SwedishPictures) for many decades being part of the core canon of Swedish literature, but which remainslargely forgotten today. In part one, the article outlines the complex process of the creation andpublication of Svenska bilder. It also reviews the state of research on Snoilsky’s cycle, justifyingthe need for new theoretical perspectives. In part two, the article analyses ways in which nationalmemory is portrayed in Svenska bilder at different intra- and extranarrative levels, arguing thatcultural memory and its preservation are among the central themes of the cycle. In part three,the article illuminates the construction of cultural memory in Svenska bilder as an example ofnineteenth-century European cultural memory. The article considers three features, typical ofnineteenth-century collective memory culture, to be particularly important for Snoilsky’s poems:subjectivisation, historicisation, and nationalisation. In part four, the article discusses Svenskabilder as an attempt to democratise the model of Swedish national memory created by the Romantics. The article argues that the cultural memory in Svenska bilder in many ways reflects the liberal ideas of the second half of the nineteenth century advocated by Snoilsky. In part five,the article examines the place of Polishness in the construction of Swedish cultural memory inSvenska bilder. Although Snoilsky considered himself a friend of Poland and an advocate forthe Polish independence movements, in his cycle he assigns Polishness the role of the negativeOther that serves to consolidate a positively characterised Swedish national identity. The articleconcludes with a short presentation of the four articles that are the fruits of the presented project.

  • 241.
    Bakker, Barbara
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Arabic.
    Cats in contemporary Arabic children’s literature2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cats are and have always been a constant presence in the Arabic culture: from Ancient Egypt to the pre-Islamic era, in the Islamic tradition and even in proverbs, cats have always played a conspicuous role. The traditional Arabic significance of cats is also clearly reflected in contemporary Arabic children’s literature, and a large number of tales for children are featuring cats in a variety of roles. However, how are cats portrayed and what do they stand for in these stories? Scope of this paper is the representation of cats and their symbolism in contemporary Arabic children’s literature. A brief introduction covers the role of cats in the Arabic culture in very general terms, followed by an overview of the genre of contemporary Arabic children’s literature that accounts for its mostly educational, didactic character and its latest trends. The central part of this paper presents and analyses a number of Arabic picture books, authored by Arabic writers and illustrated by Arabic artists, where cats are protagonists, either as embodiments of human traits or as companions of human beings. The stories are discussed in terms of their symbolism and their themes.

  • 242.
    Bakker, Barbara
    Dalarna University, School of Humanities and Media Studies, Arabic.
    Dystopian Trends in Modern Arabic Literature2018In: Al Jadid - A Review of Arab Culture and Arts, ISSN 1523-746X, Vol. 22, no 75, p. 6-8Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 243.
    Bakker, Barbara
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Arabic.
    Egyptian Dystopias of the 21st Century: A new literary trend?2021In: Journal of Arabic and Islamic studies, E-ISSN 0806-198X, Vol. 21, p. 79-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the first two decades of the 21st century an increasing amount of narratives termed as Arabic dystopian fiction appeared on the Arabic literary scene, with a greater part authored by Egyptian writers. However, what characterises/marks a work as a dystopia? This paper investigates the dystopian nature of a selection of Egyptian literary works within the frame of the dystopian narrative tradition. The article begins by introducing the features of the traditional literary dystopias as they will be used in the analysis. It then gives a brief overview of the development of the genre in the Arabic literature. The discussion that follows highlights common elements and identifies specific themes in six Egyptian novels selected for the analysis, thereby highlighting differences and similarities between them and the traditional Western dystopias. The article calls for a categorisation of Arabic dystopian narrative that takes into consideration social, political, historical and cultural factors specific for the Arabic in general, and Egyptian in particular, literary field. 

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  • 244.
    Bakker, Barbara
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Arabic.
    Al-Rubaye, Nejood
    Dalarna University, School of Language, Literatures and Learning, Arabic.
    Climate change and ecological literacy in Ghassān Shibārū’s climate fiction novel "2022"2023In: Journal of Arabic and Islamic studies, E-ISSN 0806-198X, Vol. 23, no 1, p. 17-43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change has been attracting increasing attention as one of the most significant consequences of the anthropogenic global warming and fictional narratives have increasingly been involved in engaging human imagination on the topic of climate change. Climate fiction, or cli-fi, is the umbrella term that designates fiction with climate change as its main theme. Climate fiction has been primarily published in English so far and narratives specifically problematising anthropogenic climate change are still quite rare in the Arabic literary landscape. In this regard, the novel 2022 by the Lebanese author Ghassān Shibārū constitutes an interesting case, given that it is authored in Arabic but displays several of the characteristics typical of the cli-fi genre. This paper aims at providing an analysis of Shibārū’s novel 2022 as representative of Arabic climate fiction. The main features of the climate fiction genre and its relationship to the scholarship of ecocriticism are first outlined. An overview of the environment as a theme in Arabic literature and Arabic literary studies then follows. The paper subsequently presents the concept of ecological literacy, which constitutes the theoretical framework for the analysis of the characters in the novel. After a synopsis of the plot, the characters are analysed and discussed and the novel itself is examined as instance of climate fiction as intended by the Anglophone definition of the genre. The authors argue that the purpose of the novel is didactic, since, rather than narrating a fictional story, the novel exploits a fictional story in order to spread awareness of global warming and climate change.

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  • 245. Bal, Mieke
    Don Quijote: Sad Countenances2019Book (Other academic)
  • 246.
    Balzamo, Elena
    Uppsala University, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS).
    "Je suis un vrai diable": dix essais sur Strindberg2014Book (Refereed)
  • 247. Balóch, Táj
    Mane Rahzádagay Kessah2022Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 248. Balóch, Táj
    Sarámad2018Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 249.
    Bamberg, Jesper
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of English.
    Lack of Faith in the Forgotten Novel: Sartrean Existentialism in John Williams' Stoner2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    John Williams’ modest and long forgotten American novel Stoner revolves around life choices, commitment and passions able to carry meaning in our existence. In this essay, I will explore how John Williams conveys the notions of bad faith and existence precedes essence of Sartrean existentialism through the protagonist William Stoner’s life and life choices in the novel Stoner. I will argue that the Sartrean concepts bad faith and existence precedes essence can illuminate the actions of the protagonist Stoner, in order to understand Stoner’s romantic relationships and explain his epiphany before death in the novel. Finally, the answers reveal the protagonist’s misguided belief in pursuing goals which does not align with his true passions in life. Instead, Stoner’s insights concerning his life explain why his true passions justified his life choices in the narrative.

    Key words: Williams; Stoner; Sartre; existentialism; bad faith; existence precedes essence

  • 250.
    Banusic, Davorka
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Literature.
    Sökandet efter mansrollens betydelse i Wimmen´s Comix: En analys av feministiska tecknade serier2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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