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  • 201.
    Conti, Eugenio
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Lexhagen, Maria
    Investigating tourists’ valuations of nature-based experiences through online photography2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 202.
    Conti, Eugenio
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Technology and Business Studies, Tourism Studies.
    Lexhagen, Maria
    Valuing Nature on Instagram2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 203.
    Crusoe, Jonathan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Why is it so challenging to cultivate open government data?: Understanding impediments from an ecosystem perspective2019Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: This compilation licentiate thesis focuses on open government data (OGD). The thesis is based on three papers. OGD is a system that is organized when publishers collect and share data with users, who can unrestrictedly reuse the data. In my research, I have explored why it can be challenging to cultivate OGD. Cultivation is human activities that change, encourage, or guide human organizations towards a higher purpose by changing, introducing, managing, or removing conditions. Here, the higher purpose is OGD to realize believed benefits. Thus, OGD cultivation is an attempt to stimulate actors into organizing as OGD.

    Problem and Purpose: OGD is believed to lead to several benefits. However, the worldwide OGD movement has slowed down, and researchers have noted a lack of use. Publishers and users are experiencing a set of different impediments that are challenging to solve. In previous research, there is a need for more knowledge about what can impede the OGD organization, cause non-valuable organizing, or even collapse the organization. At the same time, there is a lack of knowledge about how impediments shape the organization of OGD. This gap can make it hard to solve and overcome the impediments experienced by publishers and users. The sought-after knowledge can bring some understanding of the current situation of OGD. In this research, I have viewed the organization of OGD as an ecosystem. The purpose of this thesis is to draw lessons about why it can be challenging to cultivate OGD ecosystems by understanding OGD impediments from an ecosystem perspective.

    Research Design: I set out to explore OGD through qualitative research from 2016 to 2018. My research started with a pilot case study that led to three studies. The studies are each reported in a paper and the papers form the base of this thesis. The first paper aims to stimulate the conceptually oriented discussion about actors’ roles in OGD by developing a framework that was tested on a Swedish public agency. The second paper has the purpose of expanding the scope surrounding impediments and was based in a review and systematization of previous research about OGD impediments. The third paper presents an exploration of impediments experienced by publishers, users, and cultivators in the Swedish national OGD ecosystem to identify faults. From the three papers, lessons were drawn in turn and together, that are presented in this thesis.

    Findings: Cultivators when cultivating OGD ecosystems are facing towering challenges. The following three main challenges are identified in this thesis: (1) to cultivate a system that can manage stability by itself without constant involvement, (2) to cultivate a system that is capable of evolving towards a “greater good” by itself, and (3) to have an up-to-date precise vocabulary for a self-evolving system that enables inter-subjective understand for coordinating problem-solving.

    Contribution: The theoretical contribution of this thesis is that OGD ecosystems can be viewed as a public utility. Moreover, I recommend that researchers approach the organizing of OGD as the cultivation of evolution, rather than the construction of a structure; to consider the stability of the system in growth, value, and participation; and to be cautious with how they label and describe OGD actors. For actors that are cultivating OGD, I recommend that they guide the OGD actors to help them organize; view OGD cultivation as the management of evolution (growth) towards a purpose; and view cultivation as a collaborative effort where they can supply ideas, technologies, practices, and expertise.

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    Why is it so challenging to cultivate open government data?: Understanding impediments from an ecosystem perspective
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  • 204.
    Cupitt, Rebekah
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Media Technology and Interaction Design, MID. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Phantasms collide: Navigating video-mediated communication in the Swedish workplace2013In: Global Media Journal : Australian Edition, ISSN 1835-2340, E-ISSN 1835-2340, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 247-272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global telecommunications companies sell new technologies and services that aim to increase communication possibilities. This case study of one Swedish telecommunications company (‘the Company’), examines how employee notions of video-mediated communication are embedded social meanings. These social meanings are purposefully linked to notions of efficiency in the workplace, the environment, corporate social responsibility and economic gain. Through advertisements, slogans, in-house incentive programs and company policies, the Company has achieved what could be described as a shift in employee attitudes towards working using video-mediated communication (VMC) – so-called video meetings. The shift is however, far from comprehensive and this consciously constructed understanding of video-mediated communication co-exists and conflicts with multiple other meanings – explicit, implicit and purposefully ignored. Often moral dilemmas arise as personal wellbeing in the short-term conflicts with corporate sales targets, budget restrictions and environmental goals to ‘save the planet’. By detailing these different understandings and their inter-relations, the complex and purposed nature of video-mediated communication phantasms in a global telecommunications company emerges.

  • 205.
    Dabirian, Amir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Mihaylo Coll Business & Econ, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA..
    Berthon, Pierre
    Bentley Univ, McCallum Sch Business, Waltham, MA 02452 USA..
    Kietzmann, Jan
    Univ Victoria, Peter B Gustavson Sch Business, Victoria, BC, Canada..
    Enticing the IT crowd: employer branding in the information economy2019In: Journal of business & industrial marketing, ISSN 0885-8624, E-ISSN 2052-1189, Vol. 34, no 7, p. 1403-1409Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an instrument to measure employer branding in the information age. Firms increasingly migrate from matter-intensive business models to information-intensive models, where value lies in information rather than the physical objects. This shift has, in turn, led to a change in employee work skills. This is particularly true in the information technology (IT) sector, where firms rely on a limited supply of skilled labor. Employer branding, a firm's reputation as a place to work, is an important strategy to attract and retain employees. Design/methodology/approach From the literature, the authors developed and refined an instrument to measure key value propositions of employer brands. The potential IT employees surveyed in the study were students enrolled in the disciplines of computer science and information systems at a comprehensive university in North America. The study went through three stages resulting in an instrument for psychometric properties. Findings This research revealed eight employer branding value propositions that future IT employees care about. These dimensions are important for both IT firms and industries competing for skilled IT labor to understand and manage. Originality/value This paper extends the work of Berthon et al. (2005) on employer branding to the information intensive age and particularly the IT sector. It allows executives to manage and measure their employer brand so as to maximize competitive advantage in attracting and retaining skilled employees.

  • 206.
    Dafgård, Lena
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Education.
    How do we optimise the communication situation in desktop conferencing technologies as Zoom?2020In: Pedaforum 2020 Oulu 20-21.8.2020.: Pedaforum 2020 Abstraktikirja. Pedaforum 2020 Abstract book., 2020, p. 107-107Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One important difference between distance and campus education is that campus education is built on faceto-face-meetings, while in distance education, teacher and students seldom meet physically or not at all. Furthermore, the easiest way to communicate at a distance is with text-based communication. Therefore, distance education might be perceived as less personal and distance students can feel isolated due to lack of personal interaction and when the social environment is lacking.

    In the face-to-face situation, speech is simultaneously completed with non-verbal cues as gestures, facial expressions, signs, and tone of voice, modulating the verbal message for increased understanding. These non-verbal cues are expected and if they are lacking, the situation can be perceived as awkward and unnatural, which results in uncertainty and communication difficulties.

    One of the most important reasons for using desktop conferencing technologies as Zoom is to bridge the geographical gap between teacher and students and replace face-to-face meetings. However, the use of technologies, as e.g. Zoom, changes the whole teaching and learning situation. Both possibilities and limitations emerge, which have to be considered. How much of the actual physical presence that can be transferred by the technology, e.g. by Zoom, is related to social presence. Social presence is important for creating a good communication and learning situation.

    How do we optimise the communication situation in Zoom?

    Suggestions: Make use of the possibilities of Zoom and have the camera on. Aim at maintaining eye-contact with participants by looking into the camera instead of looking at them on the screen. Place yourself in the middle of the screen and make sure that your head and shoulders are visible. Use a background that does not disturb the participants’ concentration. Take a posture that gives an impression of interest and show feedback in facial expressions, by nodding etc. Create a social environment with small-talk before the lesson starts, use collaborative assignments, and give everybody a possibility to interact. Findings indicate that social presence is so important that teachers find it difficult to record lectures without the presence of students as eye-contact and students’ feedback in facial expressions and body gestures are lacking.

  • 207.
    Dahlberg, Daniel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Developer Experience of a Low-Code Platform: An exploratory study2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, low-code development has become increasingly popular, enabling developers to write less code and focus on the objective. However, while proven efficient, little attention has been given to how developers experience working in these development environments. This is significant as providing unpleasant experiences could reduce the benefits of low-code platforms by leaving the developers unhappy. As such, this study aims to gain an understanding of developer experience in low-code environments. The study was conducted with an IT-company recently specialized in low-code solutions, where participants were chosen based on having prior experience with low-code development. This ensued in interviews with six low-code developers as well as a project leader. Main positive experiences found were, feeling more productive, improved customer relations, focus on the objective, shared developer understanding, and quick learnability. Key negative experiences found were, having work constrained, limited freedom and creativity, inadequate documentation, and overview, and having poor and unsafe teamwork capabilities. To the best of my knowledge this is the first study to explore developer experience in low-code development environments and stands as groundwork for future studies in low-code developer experience. 

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    LowCodeDX2020
  • 208.
    Dahlin, Emma
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Anthropology.
    And say the AI responded? Dancing around ‘autonomy’ in AI/human encounters2024In: Social Studies of Science, ISSN 0306-3127, E-ISSN 1460-3659, Vol. 54, no 1, p. 59-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article explores technology-human relations in a time of artificial intelligence (AI) and in the context of long-standing problems in social theory about agency, nonhumans, and autonomy. Most theorizations of AI are grounded in dualistic thinking and traditional views of technology, oversimplifying real-world settings. This article works to unfold modes of existence at play in AI/human relations. Materials from ethnographic fieldwork are used to highlight the significance of autonomy in AI/human relations. The analysis suggests that the idea of autonomy is a double-edged sword, showing that humans not only coordinate their perception of autonomy but also switch between registers by sometimes ascribing certain autonomous features to the AI system and in other situations denying the system such features. As a result, AI/human relations prove to be not so much determined by any ostensive delegation of tasks as by the way in which AI and humans engage with each other in practice. The article suggests a theory of relationality that redirects focus away from questions of agency towards questions of what it means to be in relations.

  • 209.
    Dahlström, Carl-Christer
    Swedish National Defence College.
    Utveckling av Grupp och Ledare: En intervjustudie av kursen UGL2013Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Inom Försvarsmakten och civila företag utbildas chefer som förväntas kunna leda andra i strid eller civilt. Ledarskap är otroligt viktigt i Försvarsmakten. En stor del av Försvarsmakten består av just ledarskap. En av åtskilliga kurser som används i detta ämne är utveckling av grupp och ledare (UGL). Kursens innehåll kan lätt kopplas mot teorin utvecklande ledarskap som handlar om vad UGL vill uppnå. Kursen baserar sigäven på pedagogik hämtad från FIRO-teorin. Det har dock inte forskats så mycket om huruvida utbildningen har gett någon effekt inom ämnet ledarskap.

    Detta arbete ämnar undersöka om kursdeltagarna upplevt att kursen UGL är utvecklande i den form den är tänkt samt är användbar för personal inom Försvarsmakten. I vilken utsträckning har kursdeltagarna upplevt att UGL utvecklat dem mot de kursmål som ställts upp?

    En intervjustudie gjordes som påvisar hur och om kursdeltagarna uppfattar att deutvecklats i de olika delmål kursen har. Processen utgår från en kvalitativ intervjustudie av kursdeltagare som gått kursen tillsammans under samma tidsperiod samt arbetar inom samma område.

    Resultatet av detta arbete visar att kursen ger en utveckling hos kursdeltagarna i deflesta målsättningar som satts upp för kursen. Vissa av målsättningarna blir indirekt berörda genom utveckling av huvuddelen av målsättningarna. Detta tyder på att kursen kan vara lämplig att använda sig av även i fortsättningen inom försvarsmakten.

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    Utveckling av Grupp och Ledare - En intervjustudie av kursen UGL
  • 210.
    Daleke, Sarah
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (starting 2013), Department of Geography, Media and Communication.
    Communicative Democracy: Developing leadership accountability through ICTs: A qualitative case study from the Rwenzori region in western Uganda2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is a growing interest in the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for citizen engagement in democracy around the world today, especially in the developing world. Events such as the Arab Spring show the potential ICTs can have on citizen engagement with those in leadership positions. Many studies have been conducted within the field of ICT4D (Information Communication Technologies for Development) in many different areas. But few studies have been done within the field of ICT4D that have focused on what happens with the local politicians´ situation in developing countries, when the citizens in these areas become digitally engaged. For a community to develop all levels within the community need to be developed and empowered, because if the local leaders do not have the tools or the incentive to meet the citizens demands then the wanted requirements cannot take place. Effective democratic and open government depends on closing the feedback loop between citizens and government (Making All Voices Count, 2014).

     

    The aim of this study is to get an understanding of the local politicians´ situation in Rwenzori region in western Uganda, as the citizens in this region successively have started to demand much more accountability from their leaders through ICTs.

    The main question guiding this study is:

    How are local political leaders in developing countries coping with citizens who are increasingly using ICT4D tools for leadership accountability?

    With the sub-questions being:

    How have ICTs changed the communication between the local political leaders and the citizens?

    Do the local political leaders have the ICT skills, tools and means they need to meet the digitally engaged citizens?

    Is leadership accountability improved through the use of ICTs?

    To conduct this study I have used qualitative interviews. And the main theory applied is Jürgen Habermas´s theory of communicative action. In essence Habermas’s theory tries to explain the social structures through an understanding of the ways in which communication is framed and organized (Unwin, 2009). The results are presented in form of selected quotes that reflect and represent the findings of this research, which are analyzed through the lens of the theory of communicative action.

    This research shows that the local political leaders in the Rwenzori region appreciate the increased demands from the citizens through ICTs. The research also reveals that ICTs have eased the communication between the local political leaders and their communities and therefore have contributed greatly to increase two-way-communication between the leaders and the citizens. But at the same time these local political leaders are also facing challenges when it comes to holding themselves accountable through the same channels. Some of these challenges are weak infrastructure, lack of skills and access to the ICTs themselves. One of the most notable findings that this research came across is the fact that hardly any of the local politician offices in the Rwenzori region has a budget targeted for communication with their communities. In conclusion this study reveals that leadership accountability in the Rwenzori region is improved through the use of ICTs, but an enabling environment is necessary if leadership accountability through ICTs is to be fully realized. 

    Looking at the results from this research through Habermas´s theory of communicative action has helped making visible not only the prospects of ICTs in democratic development, but also the challenges of using the same mediums.

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    Sarah Daleke, Undergraduate thesis
  • 211.
    Damşa, Crina
    et al.
    University of Oslo, Norway.
    Richter, Christoph
    Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany.
    Allert, Heidrun
    Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany.
    Cerratto Pargman, Teresa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Markauskaite, Lina
    University of Sydney, Australia.
    Arthars, Natasha
    University of Sydney, Australia.
    Spence, Natalie
    University of Sydney, Australia.
    Andreadakis, Zacharias
    University of Oslo, Norway.
    Slotta, Jim
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Learning in Unbounded Landscapes ̶ Conceptualizations and Design From an Ecological Perspective2020In: The Interdisciplinarity of the Learning Sciences, 14th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) 2020, Volume 1, 2020, p. 366-373Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The symposium seeks to advance an understanding of learning from an ecological perspective. The abundance of digital technologies and rapid changes in knowledge domains generate new epistemic and learning practices, drawing on heterogeneous sets of resources, actors, and forms of knowledge. Consequently, learners must navigate complex and unstructured landscapes to gather resources and structure activities. Little is known about these processes and how they can be studied and enhanced. This symposium argues for the necessity of a paradigmatic shift towards an ‘ecological understanding’ of learning, which takes into account the enactment of the learning ‘act’, the knowledge forms, contexts, relationships, digital technologies and infrastructures that shape learning practices in unbound landscapes. The four contributions in this symposium use empirical illustrations to build an argument leading towards a new learning research and design agenda. These contributions are complementary as they pinpoint practices students, teachers and institutions engage with in this unbounded landscape.

  • 212.
    Danell Karlberg, Filippa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Johdet, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Länge leve butiken!: En kvalitativ undersökning av generation Z:s konsumentbeteende och den fysiska butikens framtida roll2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the increased level of digitization in society the retail sector must adapt and follow the digital footprint to survive on the market. As a result of the digital development, e-commerce has become a major part of the retail industry. The purpose of  this study is to understand and contribute knowledge of how the consumers attitude and expectations towards the in-store retail has changed and how it will affect the function of the physical store in the future.  In this study we will focus on generation  Z since they constitute the majority of the retail consumers and will have a significant impact on the future of retail. To explore this field, we used a qualitative approach, and the data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with consumers from generation Z. Additionally we initiated the study with a survey to get an essential understanding of the behaviors of generation Z as consumers. The primary findings of this study are the correlation between the consumers general attitude towards the digitization of society and their expectations on the integration of digital innovations in in-store retail. The characteristics of generation Z are demands on a seamless and convenient shopping experience which we can see differentiate depending on the type of product the consumer aims to purchase. Finally, as the study shows that generation Z has a generally positive attitude towards new technology and is adaptable, we mean that the stores’ focus should not be on what type of technology they integrate but how the technology can satisfy the consumers' needs and expectations.  

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    fulltext
  • 213. Danielsson, Johannes
    et al.
    Säljedal, Klara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Anticipating a future with digital assistants: Futuristic Autobiographies to explore stress management2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Digital assistants such as Google Assistant and Alexa are becoming more and more common in people's homes through smart speakers. Technologies that assist with stress management have increased as well, leading to an abundance of stress management applications for different devices. However, there is a limited amount of research regarding how advanced digital assistants could support stress management and be integrated into users' daily activities. Therefore, our study explores how people anticipate that they would relate to an advanced digital assistant in the future and how they would integrate it into their everyday activities for stress management. Our study shows that important aspects of digital assistants relate to their objectivity, personalization, and adaptability in terms of type of interaction in different contexts. The study also finds that privacy and control, such as a mute function or an on & off function, are desired in order to adjust the digital assistant and integrate it into everyday activities. Finally, stress management with digital assistants is highly personal and how users would relate to and integrate digital assistants into their everyday activities for stress management is unique to each user.

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    Anticipating a future with digital assistants: Futuristic Autobiographies to explore stress management
  • 214.
    Danielsson, Karin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics. Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Humlab.
    Aler Tubella, Andrea
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing Science.
    Liliequist, Evelina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Humlab. Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Regional Science (CERUM).
    Cocq, Coppélie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Arts, Humlab.
    Queer eye on AI: binary systems versus fluid identities2023In: Handbook of critical studies of artificial intelligence / [ed] Simon Lindgren, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023, p. 595-606Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is becoming more common to replace or augment human-based decisions with algorithmic calculations and evaluations using artificial intelligence (AI). Facial analysis systems (FA) are examples of how AI in particular is intertwined with both the most mundane and the most critical aspects of human life. Exploring images for the purposes of face detection, recognition and/or classification, FA shows an entanglement between human identity, self-presentation and computation. In this chapter, we discuss automated facial analysis technology from a queer theoretical standpoint, focusing on the concerns and risks when systems like FA are used in a binary way to categorize, measure and make decisions based on computerized assumptions about gender and sexuality. Further, we discuss issues of privacy, bias and fairness related to FA technology as well as potential improvements, for example, by using participatory design. Finally, this chapter suggests that a queer perspective on FA can create new ways to relate to technology.

  • 215.
    Danielsson, Kristina
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Language Education.
    Selander, Staffan
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Multimodal texts in disciplinary education: A comprehensive framework2021Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This open access book provides an introduction to multimodality and the role of multimodal texts in today’s education. Presenting a comprehensive framework for analysing and working with multimodal texts in disciplinary education, it serves as a tool for researchers and teachers alike. The second part of the book focuses on sample analyses of a variety of educational texts for different age groups and from different disciplines, including games and online resources. The authors also comment on the specific challenges of each text, and how teachers can discuss such texts with their students to enhance both their understanding of the content and their multimodal literacy. The book is intended for researchers in fields like education and multimodal studies, and for teacher educators, regardless of school subject or age group. With the combined perspectives on text analysis and implications for education, the book addresses the needs of teachers who want to work with multimodal aspects of texts in education in informed ways, but lack the right tools for such work.

  • 216. Danielsson, O.
    et al.
    Syberfeldt, A.
    Holm, M.
    Wang, Lihui
    KTH.
    Operators perspective on augmented reality as a support tool in engine assembly2018In: 51st CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, Elsevier, 2018, Vol. 72, p. 45-50Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Augmented Reality (AR) has shown its potential in supporting operators in manufacturing. AR-glasses as a platform both in industrial use are emerging markets, thereby making portable and hands-free AR more and more feasible. An important aspect of integrating AR as a support tool for operators is their acceptance of the technology. This paper presents the results of interviewing operators regarding their view on AR technology in their field and observing them working in automotive engine assembly and how they interact with current instructions. The observations and follow-up questions identified three main aspects of the information that the operators looked at: validating screw torque, their current assembly time, and if something went wrong. The interviews showed that a large amount of the operators were positive towards using AR in assembly. This has given an insight in both the current information interaction the operators do and their view on the potential in using AR. Based on these insights we suggest a mock-up design of an AR-interface for engine assembly to serve as a base for future prototype designs.

  • 217.
    Dashevska, Julia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media.
    What are the success strategies for changing behaviour?: An explorative intervention study of an application based and a non-application based approach for reducing smartphone overuse with focus on persuasive design 2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the growing role the smartphone technology is gaining in our daily life the concerned voices about its negative impacts on human social skills, social interactions and mental health are getting louder. Smartphone use has become a habit not at least due to high access to different kind of rewards provided by this technology. In this thesis, a qualitative explorative study analyses two approaches, an application based and a non-application based, in their ability to deal with the subjectively perceived smartphone overuse in order to find weaknesses and advantages behind those approaches. The study design is based on behaviour change theories such as the Goal-Setting Theory, the Social Cognitive Theory, and the Cognitive Dissonance Theory and on the persuasive design strategies. The results of the five weeks long intervention study, during which eight participants tried both approaches in a within-group design setup, suggests that a combination of an application based and a non-application based intervention could be more beneficial than relying on technology alone in order to support the user with means to reduce the smartphone overuse. The results furthermore suggest that the application based approach functioned well as an eye opener and as an incentive to prepare participants to take own actions. 

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    fulltext
  • 218.
    Davis, Matthew J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management.
    Fors, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management.
    Towards a Typology of Intentionally Inaccurate Representations of Reality in Media Content2020In: Human-Centric Computing in a Data-Driven Society: 14th IFIP TC 9 International Conference on Human Choice and Computers, HCC14 2020, Tokyo, Japan, September 9–11, 2020, Proceedings / [ed] D. Kreps et al, Cham: Springer, 2020, p. 291-304Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we take a look at three concepts frequently discussed in relation to the spread of misinformation and propaganda online; fake news, deepfakes and cheapfakes. We have mainly two problems with how these three phenomena are conceptualized. First of all, while they are often discussed in relation to each other, it is often not clear what these concepts are examples of. It is sometimes argued that all of them are examples of misleading content online. This is quite a one-sided picture, as it excludes the vast amount of content online, namely when these techniques are used for memes, satire and parody, which is part of the foundation of today’s online culture. Second of all, because of this conceptual confusion, much research and practice is focusing on how to prevent and detect audiovisual media content that has been tampered with, either manually or through the use of AI. This has recently led to a ban on deepfaked content on Facebook. However, we argue that this does not address problems related to the spread of misinformation. Instead of targeting the source of the problem, such initiatives merely target one of its symptoms. The main contribution of this paper is a typology of what we term Intentionally Inaccurate Representations of Reality (IIRR) in media content. In contrast to deepfakes, cheapfakes and fake news – terms with mainly negative connotations – this term emphasizes both sides; the creative and fun, and the malicious use of AI and non-AI powered editing techniques.

  • 219.
    Davis, Megan
    et al.
    Hertfordshire University, UK.
    Otero, Nuno
    Hertfordshire University, UK.
    Dautenhahn, Kerstin
    Hertfordshire University, UK.
    Nehaniv, Chrystopher L
    Hertfordshire University, UK.
    Powell, Stuart D
    Hertfordshire University, UK.
    Creating a software to promote understanding about narrative in children with autism: Reflecting on the design of feedback and opportunities to reason2007In: IEEE 6th International Conference on Development and Learning, 2007. ICDL 2007., IEEE conference proceedings, 2007, p. 64-69Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    TouchStory is a software game that aims at improving the understanding of narrative by children withautism. In fact, the underlying conceptual framework intends to investigate to what extent we can improve the children's understanding of narrative through the introduction of simple game-like tasks that address primitive components of narrative. The game has strong analogies with the concrete, physical world. Our design approach, following our knowledge regarding this particular group of learners, was to'keep things simple', introducing features only if necessary to provide each individual child with a focussed and enjoyable game, from which that particular child may learn about, or absorb, (or become more familiar with) primitive components of narrative. In this paper we concentrate on issues of reward, feedback, and opportunities for reasoning (about the task and/or their own performance) provided bysoftware. We present results from the first 7 visits of an ongoing longitudinal study involving 6 childreneach with a diagnosis of autism. We consider the children's apparent engagement with TouchStory, and in particular, we focus on the strategy each child adopts and consequent feedback from the software. This analysis prompted us to further reflect on the specificities of this group of children and the challenges to create supportive learning environments.

  • 220.
    Davis, Michael
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Technoculture, Humanities and Planning.
    Linde, Peter
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, The Library.
    Tran, Hoa
    BETEXT: Cross Institutional Cooperation in the Digitalization of Cultural Heritage Documents in XML2002Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The following describes a digitalization and on-line publication project, led by members of Blekinge Institute of Technology, located in the south of Sweden. The project aimed to create the foundation for a regional network of small cultural institutions that would develop, support and utilize on-line full text archives in the service of tourism, marketing and education. Its pilot project, The Chapman Archive, involved the digitalization, encoding with the TEI DTD in XML and web-publication of two rare 18th century texts of both regional and international importance.

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  • 221.
    Daza-Caicedo, Sandra
    et al.
    Observ Colombiano Ciencia and Tecnol, Colombia.
    Maldonado Castaneda, Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Arboleda-Castrillon, Tania
    Pontificia University of Javeriana, Colombia.
    Falla, Sigrid
    Corp Maloka Ciencia Tecnol and Innovac, Colombia.
    Moreno, Pablo
    Observ Colombiano Ciencia and Tecnol, Colombia.
    Tafur-Sequera, Mayali
    Corp Maloka Ciencia Tecnol and Innovac, Colombia.
    Papagayo, Diana
    Observ Colombiano Ciencia and Tecnol, Colombia.
    Measuring the impact of practices of social appropriation of science and technology: a proposal for a set of indicators2017In: História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, ISSN 0104-5970, E-ISSN 1678-4758, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 145-164Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a set of qualitative indicators for monitoring practices of social appropriation of science and technology. The design of this set is based on the Maloka case, but it can be of use to multiple actors involved in the social appropriation of science and technology (referred to by its Spanish acronym, ASCyT). The introduction discusses the concept of ASCyT. The first section provides a review of the literature about measuring activities that link science and society. The second section explains why it is important to develop this type of measurement. The third section lays out the methodology used in designing the indicators. The fourth section explains the set of indicators and the fifth reflects on that process.

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  • 222.
    de Alwis, Sulakshana
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. Abertay University, School of Business, Law and Social Sciences, Division of Accounting.
    A conceptual model on how technology assisted supplemental work leads to work-life conflict: Entanglements of ICTs with work-life experiences2023In: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, ISSN 1331-0194, E-ISSN 1846-3363, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 15-27Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 223.
    de Alwis, Sulakshana
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Hernvall, Patrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    A Review of Methodological Choices Relating to Work-Life Boundary Research2021In: Managing Global Transitions, ISSN 1581-6311, E-ISSN 1854-6935, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 73-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A methodological review was performed on work-life boundary-related studies published from the year 2010 to 2018. This review systematically selected 59 journal articles on the work boundary phenomenon. The selection criteria for this review closely followed three previous systematic methodological reviews performed on work-life research. Where possible, comparisons were made to integrate the findings of the current study with these previous systematic reviews. Articles were reviewed based on methodological choices such as research design, sampling strategy, data collection, data analysis, reliability, and validity measures. Findings of the review revealed that researchers had utilised a variety of methodological stances to conduct their studies. The majority of the studies in the field followed a quantitative approach, and most studies relating to work boundary management were field studies with a cross-sectional design. Qualitative studies in the area were primarily based on grounded theory. Significant methodological gaps were identified that could be bridged by future studies. Further, notable suggestions were proposed relating to reliability and validity measures taken by the researchers.

  • 224.
    De Alwis, Sulakshana
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences. Abertay University, School of Business, Law and Social Sciences, Division of Accounting.
    Hernwall, Patrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Computer and Systems Sciences.
    Adikaram, Arosha
    University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Expectations and management of technology assisted supplemental work: A managerial perspective2023In: South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, ISSN 2322-0937, E-ISSN 2349-5790Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Limitless connectivity enabled by Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has aided organisations to keep their employees linked to work even after hours. Drawing from work boundary theory and sociomaterial theory, this study explores what leads to technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW) expectations and how these expectations are managed in organisations. In the analysis of qualitative data collected from 20 senior-level managers from two organisations in Sri Lanka, we found that organisational norms developed through top management influence led to TASW expectations among lower-level managers. These expectations are then imposed by managers, and nonresponses are controlled by means of confrontations and punishments. These punitive regimes could especially create discriminative effects on married female employees if they cannot meet the after-hour expectations due to gender roles associated with the home domain. However, having formal policy guidelines on TASW could reduce the negative consequences on employees. This study contributes to the literature by including the managerial perspective on TASW expectations.

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  • 225.
    de Kervenoael, Ronan
    et al.
    Sabanci University, Turkey;Aston Business School, UK.
    Ozturkcan, Selcen
    Sabanci University, Turkey.
    Cetin, Seda
    Sabanci University, Turkey.
    Soylu, Yesim
    Sabanci University, Turkey.
    Adopting the experiential values propositions as e-atmospherics: an illustration through the case of e-banking2008In: Paper presented at the 15th International EIRASS Conference on recent advances in Retailing and Services Science (EIRASS), Zagreb, Croatia, July 14-17, 2008, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For a couple of years now, the Columbia Business School and in particular Bernd Schmitt have been advocating for more work to be done regarding 'experiential marketing'. Taking the case of e-atmospherics in Turkish e-banking practices, we revisit the theory of strategic experiential modules which are sense, feel, think, act and relate. Two major ebanking experience providers' types of communication, product design, retail presence and epresence have been unpacked. These are Garanti Bank, who's known with its many award winning web site, and Akbank who has a standard web site. The Turkish banking at the border of the EU and under global influences has expended and liberalized dramatically over the last decade making the most of new technologies, hence offering an interesting perspective in a non-homogenous society where the technological divide remains important. First a qualitative content analysis of both bank's homepages is conducted. This is followed by 43 online surveys, where 18 is Garanti Bank consumer, 19 is Akbank consumer and 6 is both Garanti and Akbank consumer, to explore how e-atmospherics experiential features currently recognized by users. Our findings indicate that experiential marketing in e-banking can be expected to be the key to greater online migration of consumers and differentiation among the players. Yet, while the first two steps sense and feel are explicitly developed by both players, act and relate still remain poor. Moreover, 'think' is discovered to be a key moderator where both banks seem to lack clear strategy.

  • 226.
    de Kervenoael, Ronan
    et al.
    Sabanci University, Turkey;Aston Business School, UK.
    Ozturkcan, Selcen
    Sabanci University, Turkey.
    Eryarsoy, Enes
    Sabanci University, Turkey.
    Kasap, Nihat
    Sabanci University, Turkey.
    Categorizing ‘intention to use’ e-government services through mobile phone: the importance of front loading activities2008In: Paper presented at the International Conference on Information Resources Management (Conf-IRM), Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, May 18-20, 2008, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    E-government has often been heralded as the new way forwards for emerging countries. While many such countries are already offering e-government services and are gearing up for further growth, little is actually known of the forming stages that are necessary to ensure a greater rate of success and avoid the traditional failure traps linked to new technology and information system adoption and diffusion. We situate our research in the case of mobile phone as a reflection of the current market situation in emerging countries. We contend, in this paper, that more research is needed to understand future intention to use e-government services through mobile phone technology. Front loading activities both from a government and technology perspectives are required to facilitate the decision making process by users.

  • 227.
    de Kervenoael, Ronan
    et al.
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey and Aston Business School UK.
    Özturkcan, Selcen
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Cetin, Seda
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Soylu, Yesim
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Adopting the Experiential Values Propositions as E-atmospherics: An Illustration through the Case of E-banking2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For a couple of years now, the Columbia Business School and in particular Bernd Schmitt have been advocating for more work to be done regarding 'experiential marketing'. Taking the case of e-atmospherics in Turkish e-banking practices, we revisit the theory of strategic experiential modules which are sense, feel, think, act and relate. Two major ebanking experience providers' types of communication, product design, retail presence and epresence have been unpacked. These are Garanti Bank, who's known with its many award winning web site, and Akbank who has a standard web site. The Turkish banking at the border of the EU and under global influences has expended and liberalized dramatically over the last decade making the most of new technologies, hence offering an interesting perspective in a non-homogenous society where the technological divide remains important. First a qualitative content analysis of both bank's homepages is conducted. This is followed by 43 online surveys, where 18 is Garanti Bank consumer, 19 is Akbank consumer and 6 is both Garanti and Akbank consumer, to explore how e-atmospherics experiential features currently recognized by users. Our findings indicate that experiential marketing in e-banking can be expected to be the key to greater online migration of consumers and differentiation among the players. Yet, while the first two steps sense and feel are explicitly developed by both players, act and relate still remain poor. Moreover, 'think' is discovered to be a key moderator where both banks seem to lack clear strategy.

  • 228.
    de Kervenoael, Ronan
    et al.
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey and Aston Business School, UK .
    Özturkcan, Selcen
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Eryarsoy, Enes
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Kasap, Nihat
    Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Categorizing ‘intention to use’ e-government services through mobile phone: the importance of front loading activities2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    E-government has often been heralded as the new way forwards for emerging countries. While many such countries are already offering e-government services and are gearing up for further growth, little is actually known of the forming stages that are necessary to ensure a greater rate of success and avoid the traditional failure traps linked to new technology and information system adoption and diffusion. We situate our research in the case of mobile phone as a reflection of the current market situation in emerging countries. We contend, in this paper, that more research is needed to understand future intention to use e-government services through mobile phone technology. Front loading activities both from a government and technology perspectives are required to facilitate the decision making process by users.

  • 229.
    de Kervenoael, Ronan
    et al.
    Sabanci University, İstanbul, Turkey and Aston Business School.
    Özturkcan, Selcen
    Sabanci University, İstanbul, Turkey.
    Hallsworth, Alan
    Surrey University, UK.
    Canning, Catherine
    Glasgow Caledonian University .
    Capturing Loyalty across Garment Ranges: The Case of Supermarket Children's Clothing in the UK2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, the UK clothing and fashion industry has undergone some major changes. While the demise of traditional high street brands such as C&A have been widely heralded in the media, a new phenomenon has dramatically changed the children's garment landscape with the emergence of supermarkets as viable alternative providers. In a world where fashion is the prerogative of a substantial majority of the population, image, social status, personality, identity and self expression are so crucial and modelled around key top brands, the main UK supermarket chains seem - rather against the odds - to have created a new, socially-acceptable type of fashion consumption. Have supermarkets own label brands really moved from 'me too' to suitable everyday prestige alternatives? In addition, while parents control purchases for the smallest children, are they convinced to stay loyal across the age ranges - without somehow stigmatizing themselves or their children? Our exploratory research encompasses supermarket stores that are located on the outskirts of town - not accessible by walking from city centres - as a reflection of current spatial change in shopping patterns in the UK. Fifty nine interviews conducted in two ASDA and two TESCO stores in Devon and in Glasgow were analyzed. Our theoretical perspective draws on a body of research covering areas such as intra-household economy and relationships, children and childhood imagery, the consumer decision making process, and retailing. We surmise that, due to the nature of the products/services, clothing shopping is, in effect, bringing new complexities for consumers which have yet to be addressed by most retailers' marketing strategies. While ease of access (through linked grocery shopping) price and quality are perceived as the main decision factors, we reveal that style and design, commendation by word of mouth, refund policies and assortment/variety also linked to multiplicity of usage are greatly influencing parental choice. We highlight the increasing importance of browsing as a modern improvisation choice practice (planned impulse buying). We then provide a re-definition of 'taste and style' and another view of what it could be to be a good parent. Supermarket clothing ranges are perceived as a way to help in grounding, forming and assessing future clothing consumptions.

  • 230.
    de Petris, Linus
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Planning and Media Design.
    Om glappen vi skapar och de märken som blir – materiell-diskursiva praktiker i kommunkontext2013Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Utgångspunkten för min forskning är ett upplevt glapp i IT- och e-förvaltningsutveckling. Policys och strategier har långtgående visioner om hur IT kan och kommer att förändra allt ifrån vårt vardagliga arbete och privatliv till att förändra samhällsstrukturer och maktordningar. För att möta detta görs stora investeringar varje år inom kommunal IT. Ändå är upplevelsen att ”det händer inget”. Syftet med forskningen är att presentera förståelser för abstrakta och komplexa ting som e-förvaltning, innovation (förändringsarbete), design och infrastruktur. Forskningen presenterar olika perspektiv för dessa ting och utmanar normerade förståelser för dem. Ett exempel på detta är hur infrastruktur med en normativ förståelse som abstrakt och passiv också visar sig vara påtagligt konkret och performativt. Målsättningen är sedan att dessa förståelser skall ligga till grund för att praktisera en IT- och e-förvaltningsutveckling, som inte känns ”glappande” eller stagnerad. Den forskning, som presenteras och prövas i denna avhandling, är situerad i en kommunkontext och bygger på deltagande aktionsforskning. Deltagande aktionsforskning innebär, att jag har försökt att reflexivt praktisera forskning i syfte att skapa kunskap och förändring tillsammans med andra och direkt i de samanhang jag har verkat. Aktionsforskningen innebär, att jag inte forskar om utan med olika kommunala praktiker. Denna typ av forskning är inte knuten till en specifik metod utan behöver anpassas och utvecklas i sitt sammanhang. I detta ingår en återkommande utmaning av befintlig verksamhetspraktik och förgivettaganden, inte minst mina egna. Licentiatavhandlingen, som är ”ett steg på vägen”, handlar mer om förståelser än om förklaringar. Avhandlingen är skriven som en form av sammanläggningsavhandling, som bygger på fyra artiklar och en delvis fristående kappa. Mitt skrivande och därmed den text, som utgör avhandlingen är ”essäistisk”. Essäformen har gjort det möjligt för mig att använda avhandlingsskrivandet som en fortsatt prövning av de olika perspektiv, som artiklarna presenterar.

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  • 231.
    Dedinja, Semra
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics.
    Walk with me: An iterative design process involving senior citizens in the making of a persuasive eHealth system2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Digitization of data offers more opportunities for future health and medicine care due to the availability of information technology in our everyday lives. Several studies have provided us with insights in designing persuasive eHealth services, but only a few studies have investigated the design of a persuasive eHealth application by using presently available smartphones and while including the target group. By pursuing an iterative design process, three smartphone application prototypes were created and tested with senior citizens by using cognitive walkthroughs, use case scenarios and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that the target group involvement had positive influences on the design of the prototypes, with user insights uncovering setbacks and opportunities in the design. Thus, the study presents a set of primary characteristics for designing a persuasive eHealth application to be usable with smartphones and how the iterative design process with the involvement of senior citizens shaped the design.

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    Walk with me - Semra Dedinja Thesis
  • 232.
    Derlow, Max
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), School of Arts and Communication (K3). Malmö Universitet.
    Influential Observation: How Observers Can Influence Activities With Gaze, and How This Impacts Social Presence Perception2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is a distinction between participants and observers; the former performs an activity, whereas the latter spectates. The idea of observers who can influence activities is largely unexplored and could contain potential use-cases for eye-trackers and improve social presence in digital settings. This thesis adds to existing research by investigating whether higher degrees of observer influence correspond to increased social presence perception in digital co-located settings. It also provides designers with a tool that helps design and evaluate interactions accounting for observers' influences. The thesis presents five gaze implementations across two games that allow observers to influence them to investigate the hypothesised link between social presence perception and an observer's degree of influence. The results indicate that the link exists, although more tests are necessary to determine whether there is a noticeable difference between observers who impact activities directly and indirectly. 

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  • 233.
    Dijk, van, Jelle
    et al.
    Eindhoven University of Technology.
    Moussette, Camille
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Institute of Design.
    Kuenen, Christoffel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Institute of Design.
    Hummels, Caroline
    Eindhoven University of Technology.
    Radical Calshes: What Tangible Interaction is Made of2013In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction - TEI '13, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2013, p. 323-326Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Driven by a critique of Ishii et al’s recent vision of Radical Atoms we call for a debate on the different conceptual paradigms underlying the TEI community and its activities. TEI was initiated to share and connect different perspectives, but we feel conceptual debate is lacking. To fuel this debate, we start with comparing two paradigms by examining the Radical Atoms proposal and balance it from our design-led perspective. Our aim with this paper is to revive the richness of TEI’s multidisciplinary approach.

  • 234. Dittrich, Yvonne
    Computeranwendungen und sprachlicher Kontext. Zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen normaler und formaler Sprache bei Einsatz und Entwicklung von Software1997Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Menschliche Sprache wird in der traditionellen Softwaretechnik als Problem betrachtet. Sie gilt als ungenuegend zur Spezifikation und Entwicklung von Computeranwendungen. Die Flexibilität und Offenheit normaler Sprache ermöglicht es auf der anderen Seite, ueber immer neue Bereiche auf verschiedenste Art zu kommunizieren und zu reflektieren. Wie kann diese kreative Seite menschlicher Sprache bei Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Software beruecksichtigt werden? Anhand des Begriffs der symbolischen Maschine von Sybille Krämer und der Sprachtheorien Humboldts und Wittgensteins werden die im Kontext der Argumentation wichtigen Eigenschaften formaler und normaler Sprache herausgearbeitet. Ansätze zur Gestaltung von Computeranwendungen, die ihre Einbettung in nrmale Sprache beruecksichtigen, und zur Einbeziehung von normlaer Sprache bei der Softwareentwicklung werden aufgezeigt.

  • 235. Dittrich, Yvonne
    Developing a Language for Participation. Project Language as a Meeting Place for Users and Developers in Participatory Software Development1998Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    During participatory development different professional groups with different professional languages meet. They have to communicate about the future software in a profound way. To enable that, a common way to talk about the future software has to be developed, relating concepts of the use context and concepts of software development. An example of the development of such a project language is given and the relevance of this for design is argued for. To support the development of a project language a toolkit is provided in which methods are compiled that respects the creative side of ordinary language.

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  • 236. Dittrich, Yvonne
    How to make Sense of Software. Interpretability as an Issue for Design.1998Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the context of CSCW ? especially through ethnomethodological work place studies - the stability of particular work practices and therefore the ability to design software that fits with continually evolving work practices is questioned. This challenge for software development has been called 'design for unanticipated use'. Using the concept of interpretability, I attempt to answer this challenge. A semiotic perspective on computer applications as formal symbol manipulation systems is introduced. A case study involving three alternative ways of using a computer application shows how users make sense of such symbolic machines. Wittgenstein's concept of language games is used as a 'figure of thought' to relate practice, language, and the use of symbolic machines. The development of an interpretation, fitting the implemented symbol manipulation and supporting the specific understanding of the task, remains crucial for competent use. Interpretability is introduced as a quality of computer applications. In order how to support the user in developing her own interpretation, a concept for help systems is described.

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  • 237. Dittrich, Yvonne
    Shopping Web-shopping Web-shop Web-selling Selling Teaching Software Development together with Work Practice Studies1999Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article I want to share the experiences of developing an interdisciplinary course which brings together design oriented work practice studies and software development. The development and the teaching of this course took place as part of the study program 'People, Computers, and Work' bringing together human work science and computer science. To relate work practice studies and software development in a fruitful way, we had to change not only the organization of the projects and the layout of the course. It required also relating paradigms and methods on both sides. The teachers had to learn about each other's disciplines, too. An example of one of the projects - a web-shop for stationary - illustrates the way the students worked. Us teachers learned also a lot: Both ethnographic methods to study the workplace and software development methods change if really brought together. The variety of ways of relating work practice studies to software development surprised us. We explored common themes relevant for the interdisciplinary practice. And we learned a lot about how to teach this kind of projects.

  • 238. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Ekelin, Annelie
    Elovaara, Pirjo
    Eriksén, Sara
    Hansson, Christina
    Making e-Government Happen. Everyday co-development of services, citizenship and technology.2003Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a joint research project concerning the use and design of IT in public services, we are using a simple figure of on-going, design-oriented interactions to highlight shifting foci on relationships of codevelopment of services, citzenship and technology. We bring together a number of concrete examples of this on-going everyday co-development, presented from the different perspectives that we, as researchers from different disciplines and traditions, represent in the project. The article explores and discusses wokring relations of technology production and use that we see as central to what is actually making e-government happen - or not happen. The main challenge in this area, as we see it, concerns making visible, and developing supportive infrastructures for, the continuing local adaptation, development and design in use of integrated IT and public services.

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  • 239.
    Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Human Work Science and Media Technology.
    Situated Innovation. Exploring co-operation in innovation and design between researchers and users and providers of ICT2003Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Co-operation between research and industry and society, and the notion of innovation systems, are high on the agenda of national as well as international research politics. However, how to make co-operation between researchers and practitioners work, and what kind of research results could come out of such co-operation, is hardly discussed. The article uses evidence from three projects in the areas e-government and telecommunication to reflect on such co-operation. Scientific understanding and practices of design, development and use of ICT challenge and inform each other in these co-operative projects, which we have started to refer to as ‘situated innovation’. The article discusses the role of the researcher in such contexts, the character of the research results, and means to co-ordinate different rhythms and rationales in order to make research and practices of ICT development and use mutually enhancing.

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  • 240. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Hansson, Christina
    PD in the Wild: Evolving Practices of Design in Use2002Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The when and where of participatory design has traditionally been set, primarily, by the software design project. However, modern IT networks with a variety of applications from different software providers, new web-design tools, and the integration of customization processes with on-going version management, are just a few of the developments that are moving participation around IT design issues beyond the traditional software project. Using examples from a research project focusing on existing work practices and IT in use in public service administration, we explore various understandings of design, which challenge some of the assumptions underlying the basic framework of participatory design. If design is seen as continually on-going, and intricately interwoven with use, this raises several important issues for participatory design. It highlights design for change. It points towards the need for reconsidering software design processes. It brings into focus issues of coordination between use, design in use and adaptation and development. Crucially, it raises issues about shop floor IT management, that is, organizational and technical support for local adapting, and continual design and development in use, of IT, and the need for models and methods for sustainable, distributed co-constructive design processes.

  • 241. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Wessels, Bridgette
    From Knowledge Transfer to Situated Innovation2003Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Innovation systems, triple helix, and similar expressions, are used to conceptualise the growing need for more integrated forms of co-operation between academia and other societal actors, such as governmental agencies and industry, in order to produce knowledge relevant for society. However, there is as yet little reported experience from such recent and on-going co-operative projects of how research changes when it becomes involved in practices it is meant to contribute to. In this paper, the authors report about three different research projects where researchers co-operated with governmental agencies and industry around the development of ICT. Evidence from three domains, namely e-government, telecommunications and welfare services, indicates the need for problematising current mainstream understandings of innovation. Innovation, as we see it, is occurring through configurations of designers, developers and domain experts that form constituencies and where scientific knowledge is confronted by requirements, constraints and possibilities of the specific situation. In this context innovation of, or involving, ICT requires a significant amount of imagination, represents a relatively sharp break with established ways of doing things, and requires artful integration of different professional practices, communities, and technologies. We define these creative processes of co-development of work practices, organisations and technology as situated innovation.

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  • 242. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Wessels, Bridgette
    From Knowledge Transfer to Situated Innovation: Cultivating spaces for co-operation in innovation and design between academics, user-groups and ICT providers2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Innovation systems, ‘triple helix’, and similar expressions, are used to conceptualise the growing need for more integrated forms of co-operation between academia and other societal actors, such as governmental agencies and industry, in order to produce knowledge relevant for society. However, there is as yet little reported experience from such recent and on-going co-operative projects of how research changes when it becomes involved in practices it is meant to contribute to. In this paper, the authors report about three different research projects where researchers co-operated with governmental agencies and industry around the development of ICT. Evidence from three domains, namely e-government, telecommunications and welfare services, indicates the need for problematising current mainstream understandings of innovation. Innovation, as we see it, is occurring through configurations of designers, developers and domain experts that form constituencies and where scientific knowledge is confronted by requirements, constraints and possibilities of the specific situation. In this context innovation of, or involving, ICT requires a significant amount of imagination, represents a relatively sharp break with established ways of doing things, and requires artful integration of different professional practices, communities, and technologies. We define these creative processes of co-development of work practices, organisations and technology as ‘situated innovation’.

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  • 243. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Eriksén, Sara
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computing, Department of Creative Technologies.
    Wessels, Bridgette
    Learning through Situated Innovation. Why the specific is crucial for Participatory Design Research2014In: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, ISSN 0905-0167 , Vol. 26, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Specific, situated Participatory Design (PD) practices have always been at the heart of Participatory Design research. The role of the very situat­edness and specificity of PD practice for theory-building within PD research is, however, seldom discussed explicitly. In this article, we explore why and in which ways the specificity and situatedness of PD practices are crucial for PD research. We do so by developing the notion of PD as situated innovation based on a pragmatic epistemology. PD research aims at devel­oping and continuously unfolding what PD can, might and should be. We show implica­tions of such a pragmatic epistemology of PD on understanding and arguing for PD research approaches. These concepts are illustrated referring to PD practices as experienced in PD research projects. Our epistemological argu­mentation supports the emphasis on ex­ploring new PD practices and learning and theorizing about PD from the spec­ificities, in line with recent debate contributions.

  • 244. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Lindeberg, Olle
    Can Software Development be too Use Oriented? Going Native as an issue in Participatory Design.2001Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In participatory design there is a risk that the emphasis on the co-operation with future users let the developers forget to step back and reflect on what they learned. In this article we report about a case study of a software project and the resulting system. In spite of a user oriented way of developing the system, problems showed up both when using the software and when the developers later tried to modify it. Part of the reason for the problems was the (lack of) structure in the system. We use the 'going native' - a well discussed methodological issue in ethnography - as a metaphor. The ethnographer have to both 'go native' to be able to understand the culture studied but also step back and reflect. In the same way the software developer has to 'step back' and reflect and form their own conceptual model.

  • 245. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Lindeberg, Olle
    Ludvigsson, Ingela
    Lundberg, Lars
    Wessman, Bengt
    Diestelkamp, Wolfgang
    Tillman, Marie
    Design for Change2001Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The report summarises the first year of the research project 'Design for Design in Use of Database Applications'. It focuses on end user tailoring and adaptable systems.

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  • 246.
    Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science.
    Mörch, Anders
    Wulf, Volker
    Tailoring Co-operation2003Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tailoring is an area of research in CSCW that allows interlacing design and use in a radical new way. Tailoring is closely related to end-user programming (e.g. spreadsheet development)and a general term to encompass both endeavours is End-User Development. This workshop address tailorability in context of evolving existing systems and applications to the needs of cooperative work practices and organisations. It includes also the cooperative activates of tailoring itself; i.e. collaboration between end users to accomplish tailoring and indirect collaboration between developers and end users to simplify the understanding of tailorable systems. The goal of the workshop is to compare and relate existing research on tailoring and enduser development in the CSCW community, to explore the challenges and future potentials of these technologies, and to identify further directions for research on end-user development in cooperative settings. The workshop is organised in co-operation with the European network of excellence on End-User development. (http://giove.cnuce.cnr.it/eud-net.htm

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  • 247. Dittrich, Yvonne
    et al.
    Rönkkö, Kari
    Lindeberg, Olle
    Eriksson, Jeanette
    Hansson, Christina
    Co-Operative Method Development revisited2005Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last five years, we applied a research approach we call 'Co-operative Method Development' formulated on first experience with empirical research focusing especially on the social side of software engineering. This position paper summarizes the experiences and discusses the improvement and further development of this research approach based on our experiences in different research projects in co-operation with industrial partners.

  • 248.
    Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Embedded Systems.
    Burgin, MarkUCLA - University of California, Los Angeles, US.
    Philosophy and Methodology of Information: The Study of Information in the Transdisciplinary Perspective2019Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The book gives up-to-date, multi-aspect exposition of the philosophy and methodology of information, and related areas within the nascent field of the study of information. It presents the most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain, as well as from physicists, biologists and social scientists. Collaboration of researchers from different areas and fields opens new perspectives for the understanding of information essential in the innovative development of science, technology and society.

    The book is meant for readers conducting research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology. The ideas presented give new insights for those who develop or implement scientific, technological or social applications. They are especially for those who are participating in setting the goals for science in general and sciences of information in particular.

  • 249. Domfe, George
    et al.
    Osei-Akoto, Isaac
    Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
    Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin
    Owusu, George
    Labour market analysis and business process outsourcing in Ghana2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    While both unemployment and underemployment are the two main forms of underutilisation of human resources in Ghana, much of the policy attention has always been focused on unemployment. Ironically, unemployment rates (for both the youth and the elderly) in Ghana appear among the lowest in the world. For youth aged 19-24 years, the unemployment rate is highest at 9.15% in this age group compared to the unemployment rate of Ghana’s total working age population which averages at 3.6%. Out of all the unemployed working age persons, youth do make up a high unemployed proportion at 40% (under the strict definition). That is about 280,000 youth between the ages of 15-24 out of approximately 700,000 working age persons who are economically active and who were unemployed in 2006.

    In further analysis of employment industries, one finds Ghana’s largest employer remains the agricultural sector. Within this agricultural sector, the majority, particularly the working youth (15-24 year olds), are absorbed under the informal sector. Youth identified as employed are also found helping unpaid in the household and the „older youth‟ (ages 19-24) over time rise to become their own-account worker. This therefore renders underemployment the main form of labour absorption especially for the youth in Ghana. Many youth are found without any formal written contract before starting work with employers. Of the youth who are identified as working, 10.33% between ages 15-18 have no formal education. Nevertheless, the majority of youth, nearly 2.3 million in 20061, are identified as economically inactive, which includes many young people who stay in school to gain some form of formal education including some secondary schooling. Apart from the major employer being the agricultural sector, the next major employer for youth is the services sector followed by manufacturing. The services sector includes: sales and retail and community, social and personal services. A greater proportion of young women than men were found in the manufacturing and wholesale and retail sectors.

    It is against this background that many development experts see the emerging business process outsourcing (BPO) sector as a potential source of gainful employment for youth. Ghana’s BPO subsector is growing rapidly due to Ghana’s steps through the government to partner in the e-Ghana programme. This programme intends to improve the enabling infrastructure for BPO and create visibility and public awareness for its BPO industry. There are also government training facilities to provide upskilling of potential workers who will be prepared for Ghana’s BPO sector. Ghana’s rising adoption of mobile phones and internet is also an encouraging sign towards opening an ICT sector of employment which can absorb some of the underemployed youth of Ghana. Better monitoring of the progress of the BPO sector in Ghana is suggested to understand how the industry absorbs underemployed youth.

    Policy: In a population with high, unpaid youth employment in the agricultural sector, the transition from the agricultural to the services-based sector may need further thought. Will agricultural households have their unpaid youth household members transit into services sector work and if so, how will they cope? Adequate bridging training programmes may be necessary to allow for those at least with a minimum primary education to have opportunities in the emerging BPO field. Furthermore, of the youth majority who are economically inactive and still in school, the transition plans could be further firmed to ensure they are employable within the BPO sector. While informal employment is very common worldwide, policy plans are suggested to ensure that the BPO sector encourages work to be developed within a formal sector framework which provides protection to and lowers risks taken on by workers, especially the vulnerable youth.

  • 250.
    Duval, Jared
    et al.
    Northern Arizona University.
    Turmo Vidal, Laia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Márquez Segura, Elena
    Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
    Li, Yinchu
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Waern, Annika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Informatics and Media, Human-Computer Interaction.
    Reimagining Machine Learning's Role in Assistive Technology by Co-Designing Exergames with Children Using a Participatory Machine Learning Design Probe2023In: The 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility / [ed] Erin Brady; Maria Wolters, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paramount measure of success for a machine learning model has historically been predictive power and accuracy, but even a gold-standard accuracy benchmark fails when it inappropriately misrepresents a disabled or minority body. In this work, we reframe the role of machine learning as a provocation through a case study of participatory work co-creating exergames by employing machine learning and its training as a source of play and motivation rather than an accurate diagnostic tool for children with and without Sensory Based Motor Disorder. We created a design probe, Cirkus, that supports nearly any aminal locomotion exergame while collecting movement data for training a bespoke machine learning model. During 5 participatory workshops with a total of 30 children using Cirkus, we co-created a catalog of 17 exergames and a resulting machine-learning model. We discuss the potential implications of reframing machine learning’s role in Assistive Technology for values other than accuracy, share the challenges of using “messy” movement data from children with disabilities in an everchanging co-creation context for training machine learning, and present broader implications of using machine learning in therapy games.

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