Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet

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  • 201.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Jansson, Gabriella
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Electronic services in the public sector: A conceptual framework2013In: Government Information Quarterly, ISSN 0740-624X, E-ISSN 1872-9517, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 163-172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electronic services provided by governmental organizations, here referred to as public e-services, are frequently discussed in the e-government literature. There is, however, little consensus on the meaning of the concepts used to describe and discuss these e-services, and hence, the literature is full of synonymous terms and concepts. This paper is conceptual and presents efforts to understand e-services in the public sector domain by unpacking the public e-service concept into three dimensions; as being (1) a service, (2) electronic, and (3) public (as contrasted to being private). Based on a hermeneutic analysis, these dimensions are discussed in a number of combinations, illustrating that a multi-dimensional take on public e-services must be adopted in order to capture the complexity of governmentally supplied e-services and contribute to theory development, as well as practical utility.

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  • 202.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Johansson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Söderström, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Toll, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Why is it Difficult to Implement Robotic Process Automation? Empirical Cases from Swedish Municipalities2022In: ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT, EGOV 2022, SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG , 2022, Vol. 13391, p. 353-368Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish municipalities have been urged by policy makers to implement automation technologies to make administrative work more cost-efficient. As a response, a large set of municipalities have attempted to implement Robotic Process Automation (RPA) solutions with the intention to speed up administrative processes. However, although RPA has been promoted for several years, implementation has been limited and slow. This paper explores challenges related to RPA implementation experienced by three Swedish municipalities. We use an extensive interpretive case study as our empirical foundation, generated in collaboration with three Swedish municipalities, complemented with interviews with RPA consultants. Through interpretive analysis, we generate challenges along four themes. Our analysis shows that RPA implementation requires that different organizational sub-units and stakeholders cooperate. Challenges arise from: initiating RPA top-down without bottom-up support; insufficient process- and IT-competence; dependence on individual enthusiasts and external RPA consultants; and subsequent difficulties in finding the right processes to automate. Our study contributes with empirical illustrations of how RPA implementation is made difficult by current organizational structures and resources. We confirm and further contribute to previous findings by pointing to multiple dimensions in which challenges can arise.

  • 203.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Madsen Østergaard, Christian
    Research Centre for Government IT, Computer Science Department, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Understanding Citizen Actions in Public Encounters: Towards a Multi-Channel Process Model2022In: DG.O 2022: The 23rd Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research / [ed] Loni Hagen, Mihkel Solvak, Sungsoo Hwang, Association for Computing Machinery , 2022, p. 364-371Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents ongoing research that is part of a larger engaged research project which aims to investigate what public services are suitable for digitalization. The aim of our paper is twofold. First, we explore and describe citizens' core actions in their interaction with public organizations during application for public benefits. We develop a generic process model for how this interaction can be captured empirically. The model is based on a review of previous studies from e.g., channel choice, multi-channel management, and service management, and provides a holistic view of the core actions in public service delivery as seen from the perspective of the citizen. Second, we add a channel behavior dimension to this model to create a service blueprint template that can be used to capture and analyze citizens' multichannel behavior related to benefit application. Hereby we contribute to the digital government field with a research methodology for investigation of citizens' continuous channel behavior during public service encounters.

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  • 204.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Madsen Østergaard, Christian
    Department of Computer Science, IT University Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Rydén Höglund, Hanne
    Department of Information Systems, University of Agder, Norway.
    Heggertveit, Ida
    Department of Information Systems, University of Agder, Norway.
    Exploring Citizens’ Channel Behavior in Benefit Application: Empirical Examples from Norwegian Welfare Services2022In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance / [ed] Luís Amaral, Delfina Soares, Lei Zheng, Association for Computing Machinery , 2022, p. 416-423Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    After more than a decade of intense digitalization of public service delivery in Scandinavia, scholars and public organizations wonder why many citizens still prefer to use traditional communication channels to interact with government. In this paper, we explore citizens' channel behavior when applying for public benefits from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). We break down the application process into separate actions to answer the research question: what causes citizens to use multiple channels in the benefit application process? Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with frontline workers at NAV, we describe the process citizens undergo when they apply for benefits from NAV, the actions citizens perform, and the problems they experience, which cause them to contact NAV. Frontline workers are interviewed as these are knowledgeable experts on the application process who can give an aggregate account of the various problems citizens encounter. We contribute with empirical descriptions of how two benefit application processes play out in different ways and cause different channel behaviors. Analyses of this kind are important to supply new knowledge for the ongoing digitalization of public welfare service provision to enhance citizens' ability to successfully co-produce the service. Further, we offer contributions to research practice by illustrating how citizens' interaction with public organizations can be studied and analyzed holistically, using a process model for breaking the interaction down into parts

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  • 205.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Time to Refuel the Conceptual Discussion on Public e-Services: Revisiting How e-Services Are Manifested in Practice2017In: 16th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2017, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 4-7, 2017, Proceedings / [ed] Janssen, M et al, Springer, 2017, Vol. 10428, p. 92-101Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There are various models and frameworks describing the nature of e-services in the public sector. Many of these models are based on previous conceptualizations and have evolved over time, but are first and foremost conceptual creations with weak empirical grounding. In the meantime, practitioners in the field have continued to further develop e-services, and new advancements in technology have enabled new solutions for e-services. In the light of advancements in practice, and the limitations seen in current conceptual work concerning public e-services, we identify a need to refuel the conceptual discussion on e-services in the public sector by empirically investigating how e-services can be manifested in practice. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the possible variations of e-services in practice, and to discuss this variation in relation to the conceptual representation of the phenomenon. Based on qualitative interviews with employees involved with e-service development and provision at a large governmental agency, we illustrate that an ‘e-service’ can take on many different forms within an organization; ranging from downloadable forms, to complicated self-service systems that require expertise knowledge and IT-systems with specific processing capacity. The notion that all services mediated through a website can be understood under one general umbrella term, without further categorization, needs to be challenged.

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  • 206.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Saebo, Oystein
    Univ Agder, Norway.
    What is E-Government? Introducing a Work System Framework for Understanding E-Government2021In: Communications of the Association for Information Systems, ISSN 1529-3181, E-ISSN 1529-3181, Vol. 48, p. 503-522Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present a comprehensive and distilled model that can help researchers to 1) enter the e-government field, 2) understand what the field mainly studies in a distilled way, and 3) reflect on further research in the field. Departing from Steven Alters (2013) work systems theory and particularly his work systems framework (WSF), we introduce a framework for understanding e-government work systems (i.e., the eGovWSF). We distil the basic core of e-government work systems through an interpretative and hermeneutic approach by building on previous research and theorizations made in information systems and e-government research. We unpack the eGovWSF into 12 main elements; discuss their role as internal, semi-external, and external to e-government work systems; and reflect on the connections between these elements. Thus, contributions include a conceptual discussion on e-governments core subject matter, the frameworks applicability, and future research needs.

  • 207.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ostergaard Madsen, Christian
    IT Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Hofmann, Sara
    Univ Agder, Norway.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Close encounters of the digital kind: A research agenda for the digitalization of public services2019In: Government Information Quarterly, ISSN 0740-624X, E-ISSN 1872-9517, Vol. 36, no 3, p. 427-436Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper contributes to e-government research by presenting a review and discussion on how digitalization of public services has affected the interaction between citizens and government. We argue for a conceptualization and critical reflection on the nature of the underlying interaction between citizens and public officials - the public encounter - that digital public services are developed to support. We apply a qualitative and hermeneutic approach and illustrate that digital public services change public encounters concerning when, where, and how interactions occur, what each actor does, and the skills required of them. By relating these changes to emerging digital technologies (e.g. data mining, machine learning, sensor technology, and service automation), we illustrate that while these new technologies carry the potential to further digitalize service provision and fulfill the democratic goals of digital government, authorities can apply the same technology to restrict, control, and surveil citizens. Based on a critical discussion on what digitalization might entail for society, we identify problem areas arising from this development and propose a research agenda for understanding this phenomenon further. We raise questions and ethical concerns regarding accountability and reskilling of citizens and public officials as public service provision becomes citizen self-service.

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  • 208.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Toll, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Automation as a Driver of Digital Transformation in Local Government: Exploring Stakeholder Views on an Automation Initiative in a Swedish Municipality2021In: DG.O2021, Association for Computing Machinery , 2021, p. 463-472Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local government organizations in Sweden are under pressure from policy makers and leading politicians to accelerate digital transformation of administrative tasks, in order to make public service provision more efficient and effective. As part of this digital transformation, local governments are currently investigating and implementing digital technologies that can execute administrative tasks automatically, without involvement of administrative staff. We explore an automation initiative in a Swedish municipality using a qualitative case study. Our analysis is conducted from a stakeholder perspective, investigating (1) how different stakeholders interpret automation as part of the municipality’s ongoing digitalization, and (2) their views on expected outcomes of automation of administrative tasks. Our analysis shows that different stakeholder groups hold different definitions of what digitalization and automation means for their organization, and what outcomes can be expected of automation of administrative tasks in their organization. The analysis further shows that national policy documents encourage local governments to use a specific technical solutions for automation (robotic process automation); however, this technology is viewed as somewhat problematic by the stakeholders working with IT in the organization. Our analysis contributes with an illustration of challenges that municipalities face in their endeavor to find ways of developing automation of administrative tasks, and call for further research on this topic.

  • 209.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    van Veenstra, Anne Fleur
    TNO Strategy and Policy, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
    Digital government transformation: a case illustrating public e-service development as part of public sector transformation2018In: dgo '18 Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, ACM Press, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Digital government is often seen as an enabler or even driver of transformation of public administration, with the objective of creating public value. Such transformations are complex, requiring a long process of change; often, digitalization of public services is seen as the main means to this end. We investigate how digitalization of public services can be related to public sector transformation, and how this development can be linked to public value. In order to do so, this paper first conceptualizes digital government enabled transformation based on literature. Thereafter, we present an empirical example of public e-service development in Sweden. This case illustrates how e-service development can highlight shifts in societal values, and challenges that follow when trying to sustain changing societal values. Our findings suggest that in order to sustain transformation and (changing) public value, multiple processes of change and redesign need to be in place, not only of the organisational processes involved, but also of regulatory and institutional aspects, such as changes to the law and in the discretion and work practice of public officials.

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  • 210.
    Lindgren, Ida
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Åkesson, Maria
    Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Thomsen, Michael
    Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Toll, Daniel
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization.
    Organizing for Robotic Process Automation in Local Government: Observations from Two Case Studies of Robotic Process Automation Implementation in Swedish Municipalities2022In: Service Automation in the Public Sectorns: Concepts, Empirical Examples and Challenges / [ed] Juell-Skielse, Gustaf; Lindgren, Ida; Åkesson, Maria, Cham: Springer , 2022, p. 189-203Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Home  Service Automation in the Public Sector  ChapterOrganizing for Robotic Process Automation in Local Government: Observations from Two Case Studies of Robotic Process Automation Implementation in Swedish MunicipalitiesIda Lindgren, Maria Åkesson, Michel Thomsen & Daniel Toll ChapterFirst Online: 15 March 2022571 Accesses5 CitationsPart of the Progress in IS book series (PROIS)AbstractAutomation of internal administrative processes tied to the delivery of public services is outlined as a continuation of the development toward a more digital, efficient, and effective local government. However, this development is often based on unrealistic expectations of the transformative power of digital technologies. It is therefore important to further understand automation as a driver of digital transformation of local government organizations. Automation, in this chapter, is understood as a change from a function previously carried out by a human to being performed by a machine agent (e.g., robotic process automation). We explore and compare how initiatives to implement robotic process automation (RPA) are organized in two Swedish municipalities. Our analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with employees working in the two municipalities. The analysis shows interesting patterns across the cases concerning dissonances and disconnects between stakeholders on different levels in the organizations, making this kind of development difficult. Our results contribute with (a) empirical illustrations that show how general policies on process automation promoted by policymakers are influencing the organization of IT and work in local government practice; (b) challenges that affect the implementation of RPA in local government; and (c) point to a set of observations that require further research.

  • 211.
    Lisra, Louise
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Rehnvall, Madelene
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Design för hållbar konsumtion: En studie om hur modeföretag kan designa sina webbutiker för att främja hållbar konsumtion.2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past decade, e-commerce in retail has increased in percentage terms, which has led to new ways of consuming. The digitalization of the fashion retail has led to the emergence of the concept of fast fashion, a new business model with an unsustainable environmental impact which puts the fashion industry in top three among the most polluting industries in the world. To reverse this trend, the webshops of fashion companies need to imbue a sustainability mindset in order to influence their consumers to consume more sustainably. This can be done using a combination of persuasive technology and UX design. In this essay, a qualitative study is carried out in the form of user tests to map out the use and experiences of webshops, in order to tell how fashion companies can design their webshops to influence consumers to consume sustainably. The results were compiled into various proposals for how companies can design their webshops to promote sustainable consumption.

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  • 212.
    Lisspers, Stina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Berg, Alma
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    En teknikjunkie, bra! Honom haffar vi: - Hur inställningar och IT-kultur påverkar IT-implementeringen och konsultens strategier för att lyckas2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The digital transformation is accelerating, and it is of utmost importance that organizations and consultants hired by them are successful in implementing IT tools. Simultaneously, an IT implementation is complex and largely affected by the IT culture in the organization. Therefore, it is of importance to study the connection between IT culture and IT implementation, and to form strategies that can be used to facilitate an IT implementation regarding the IT culture.

    AIM: The aim of the study is to analyze how IT culture is connected to IT implementation and strategies that can be used to facilitate IT implementation. This is accomplished by a study of consultants and how they identify co-workers’ attitudes to IT. 

    COMPLETION: This study is a cross-sectional qualitative study. The empirical data consists of seven interviews with IT consultants from five different companies. The study is conducted with an interpretive philosophical perspective. 

    CONCLUSION: This study shows that IT cultures play an important role in the process of implementation of IT, where a positive IT subculture benefits a successful implementation. Therefore, through active work during the implementation process, IT consultants can deal with negative attitudes and strengthen positive approaches.  IT consultants should use strategies to create a positive IT culture within the organization, but also to transform negative and neutral IT cultures into more positive IT cultures. Different strategies are suitable for different kinds of IT cultures and it is therefore essential that IT consultants get to know the organization and clarify the variety of IT subcultures that exist within the organization, to be able to address them in the most suitable way.

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  • 213.
    Lithell, Elias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Källroos, William
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kritiska framgångsfaktorer vid en lyckad ERP-implementering ur ett kundperspektiv: En fallstudie på Arbetskläder AB2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Digital tools have been influencing many organizations in recent years. Something that has become very popular among organizations are standardized ERP-systems that facilitate the work of various departments. Lately, it has also become increasingly common with cloud-based ERP-systems that allow the customer organization to focus only on its business and not having to think about servers and applications. Implementing a standardized business system is, however, a complex process with several critical success factors that are important for success. One company that has succeeded with the implementation is Arbetskläder AB (fictitious name) which implemented SAP in 10 months.

    Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the critical success factors in connection with implementing a cloud-based standardized ERP-system in a customer organization and to understand which critical success factors have influenced the selected company's successful implementation.

    Method: This study used a qualitative method with an abductive approach for investigating the depth of the implementation process. A case study of a company that recently implemented a standardized business system is used to analyze the implementation process and the critical success factors. The study is therefore limited to only one company and one implementation toget several perspectives and more in-depth knowledge. In this case study the data collection method has been semi-structured interviews which allows an opportunity to get a good understanding from each respondent. There have been four interviews with four different respondents. The collected data has been analyzed through thematic analysis and compared with previous research.

    Conclusion: There are many critical success factors that are important to the success of animplementation with a new cloud-based standardized ERP-system. This study has shown that experience, which was not one of the success factors found in previous research, has been very central to Arbetskläder AB's successful implementation of SAP in just 10 months. In addition to experience, the choice of ERP system, project management and communication has been prominent when the company has succeeded in implementing SAP. This conclusion is aligned with previous research. The three critical success factors from previous research that were not as central but still affected the implementation were management support, user resistance and education.

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  • 214.
    Lorinius, Michelle
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Östberg, Linnea
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    IKT-verktyg slår inte det fysiska mötet: En jämförande fallstudie om chefers kommunikation på distans och på plats2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Information and communication technology (ICT) tools are getting more important in organizations, both when employees are working at the same location as their manager as well as when employees are working remotely at other locations. Working remotely have led to new conditions for managers and communication, something perceived more complicated than when employees are at the same location as managers (DeRosa et al., 2004; Alistoun & Upfold, 2012; Van Quaquebeke & Felps, 2018). ICT tools are a prerequisite for communication when employees are working remotely (Sivunen, 2008; Kraft, 2019; Darics, 2020) and knowledge of which communication channels are used by managers at what occasions may be a way of improving communication (Kayworth & Leidner, 2000). The purpose of the study is therefore to increase the understanding of managers communication with ICT tools. Further, we want to investigate if there are similarities and differences regarding managers communication and choice of communication channel when employees are working remotely or on-site. The study's approach is qualitative, abductive and hermeneutic. Semi-structured interviews with twelve managers from ten organizations were conducted. The sampling consisted of a combination of purposive, snowball and convenience sampling. The data analysis was thematic analysis. 

    Six occasions for communication were identified. The occasions for communication were the same both remotely and on site. Another five themes for similarities and differences were detected. We found that the occasions for communication does not differ depending on distance, but rather that the difference lies in how the communication is carried out. In addition, we have found that communication at distance leadership poses more challenges than on-site communication. 

    The study also show that communication may be easier if emoticons are used more frequently and if video calls are used when needed, that is, when non-verbal communication reinforces and clarifies the message. In this way, communication can become more effective as fewer misunderstandings arise since it is easier to establish mutual meaning. Video calls may also make communication more time efficient as less time is needed for clearing up misunderstandings. However, video calls are not commonly used due to lack of habit using the tool. Therefore, new behaviors and habits should be created in order for managers to make efficient use of ICT tools. In addition, we have found that a good relationship is important for communication remotely to be effective. Therefore, managers regularly need to physically meet their employees working remotely as the relationship is perceived to get better with physical meetings. 

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  • 215.
    Lovering, Philip
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    E-tjänsteutveckling i små kommuner: En komparativ studie mellan två kommuner2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Efter direktiv från en ny digital agenda av EU, anpassade regeringen sin handlingsplan för att ligga i linje med resten av EU. Regeringen satte även upp målet att bli bäst i världen på att använda sig av digitaliseringens möjligheter. För att kunna uppnå denna målsättning krävs insatser på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå. För att regeringen ska kunna uppnå sitt mål är man beroende av att kommunerna uppfyller sin del. Detta har satt press på kommuner, som utvecklar och implementerar nya e-tjänster i ökande takt. Problemet med detta är att långt ifrån alla kommuner har en plan för hur de ska arbeta och utveckla nya e-tjänster. Det resulterar i uteblivna effektivitetsvinster för de kommunala verksamheterna som hade kunnat uppnås om en tydlig strategi hade funnits. Dock konstaterar en sammanställning från SKL att kommuner med stor befolkning generellt sätt arbetar bättre. Det finns korrelationer mellan kommunstorlek och hur bra en kommun arbetar med e-tjänsteutveckling samt de ekonomiska förutsättningarna, som kan tolkas att små kommuner torde arbeta sämre med e-tjänster på grund av sämre förutsättningar. Dock finns undantag, kommuner med liten befolkning som är topprankade trots sämre förutsättningar. Hur kan en kommun med sämre förutsättningar lyckas så pass bra och vad gör dem annorlunda från andra?Syftet med studien är att via en jämförelse av två små kontrasterande kommuner, identifiera arbetssätt och faktorer som krävs för en lyckad e-tjänsteutveckling samt att tillhandahålla förbättringsförslag för kommuner med liknande befolkningsmängd.Studiens syfte har besvarats efter en komparativ undersökning med kvalitativ ansats, som genomförts på två små kommuner. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har utgjort den primära insamlingsmetoden av studiens empiri.Resultatet visar hur en framgångsrik mindre kommun arbetar med e-tjänsteutveckling i jämförelse med en annan mindre kommun. Trots likartade förutsättningar så har den ena kommunen etablerat sig som en av Sveriges bästa kommuner inom e-förvaltning och e-tjänsteutveckling, medan den andra återfinns på motsatt håll. Skillnaderna mellan kommunernas tillvägagångssätt är inte stora, men organisationen bakom och kvalitén i det som utförs skiljer sig markant. Dock finns det områden som även den mer framstående kommunen kan förbättra. Utvärdering, marknadsföring och en större involvering av användare är områden som bör prioriteras för att nå bättre slutresultat.

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  • 216.
    Lovering, Philip
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Hörmann Berggren, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Hur projektstyrningsmodeller påverkas av kontextuella och kulturella faktorer inom IT.: En studie om överföring.2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Globaliseringen är ett ämne som möter oss varje dag även om vi tänker på det eller inte. Vi använder utländska produkter och kanske även använder olika metoder att genomföra saker på som har sitt ursprung i en annan världsdel. Företag arbetar på daglig basis med projekt och IT-projekt över hela jorden. Vår studie syftar till att undersöka hur kulturella och kontextuella faktorer påverkar internationella företag när nya projekt och IT-projekt initieras i andra länder. Till hjälp använder vi oss bland annat av Hofstedes kulturdimensionsteorier som beskriver hur olika länder skiljer sig åt gällande kultur i fem olika dimensioner. Vi använder oss även av konvergensteorier, divergensteorier samt teorier kring translation som behandlar hur modeller och teknologi kan appliceras i nya kontexter. Konvergensteorier menar att modeller är universella samt att företag och länder är homogena varför det går att direkt översätta modeller utan att de behöver anpassas. Divergensteorier menar att heterogenitet existerar och att modeller således behöver anpassas till kontext. Translation är en blandning av divergens och konvergens. Vi har avgränsat oss till att enbart undersöka projektarbeten och kommer därför att definiera vad temporära organisationer är och vad de innebär samt att vi kommer reda ut projektstyrning. Detta har skett genom en hermeneutiskt kvalitativ studie där vi använt en abduktiv ansats. Empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan tematiserats för analys. Studiens resultat visar att projektstyrningsmodellers överföring och implementering och dess användande påverkas av branschspecifika faktorer, nationell kultur samt organisationskultur. Studien har visat att det i implementeringsfasen krävs en medveten översättning som resulterar i en form av anpassning med hänsyn till i synnerhet organisationskultur, som påvisar och styrker en divergent heterogenereringsprocess. Vid en internationell överföring eller brukande av en projektstyrningsmodell i ett internationellt sammanhang måste även olika kulturella aspekter beaktas.

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  • 217.
    Lund, Theodor
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wahlqvist, Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Digitala mänskliga resurser: – En kvalitativ fallstudie om HRIS, strategi och värdeskapande2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Information systems have come to claim an increasingly large role in the HR-function. In parallel to this, there is an increasingly large focus of the HR-function to be used more strategically, a phenomenon that we call the strategic transformation of HR. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of what role HRIS plays in this strategic transformation of the HR-function, and how it relates to the HR-functions’ value creation for the organization. The two research questions of the study are: In what ways are HRIS facilitating the strategic transformation of the HR-function? and How can the use of HRIS be connected to value creation? This is a qualitative interpretive case study that includes eight semi-structured interviews, and a document study of organizational documents. The interviews are analyzed by thematic analysis. Respondents of the study report a strong ambition to use HRIS strategically, for tasks like decision-making that can be based on the data generated by the systems. Hitherto, the HRIS have however mostly been used for automation and streamlining of HR-processes and storage of master data. We conclude that the usage of HRIS for automation of various HR-processes like salary, recruitment, administration and performance management saves time for the function. The use of the systems in itself becomes value-creating since the freed up time can be utilized to become a more strategic part of the organization through, for example, data generation before decision-making. It also allows for processes to be standardized, which is of high value in a global environment where processes are no longer tied to time and space. The degree to which HRIS enables a strategic transformation of the HR-function is affected by challenges concerning data quality, integrations and change management. The study generates value knowledge and explanatory knowledge about the subject and can provide both researchers and practitioners, as well as the curious, insights about HRIS’ current and future role in the organization in relation to the HR-function's ability to engage in value creation.

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  • 218.
    Lundberg, Elin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Eriksson, Linn
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    UPPLEV GAMIFICATION: En studie om användarupplevelser av gamification samt dess upplevda syfte inom callcenters2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Gamification är ett relativt nytt fenomen som blir mer vedertaget i företagsvärlden. Kort beskrivet innebär det att spelmekanismer och spelelement implementeras i en icke-spelkontext, exempelvis inom ett informationssystem på ett företag. Detta görs för att stimulera motivation och engagemang från användarna och på så sätt bidra med nöjdare, mer tillfredsställda anställda och högre resultat. Trots att fenomenet blir allt vanligare på arbetsplatser saknas forskning om hur användarna upplever att arbeta på ett gamifierat sätt. 

     

    Vi har med denna studie undersökt användarnas egna upplevelser och jämfört dessa med hur arbetsledarna reflekterar över den påverkan gamification har på anställda. Detta har gjorts för att nyansera förståelsen för hur gamification påverkar användare inom en callcenterkontext. Vi undersöker även hur väl syftet är förankrat och förstått av användarna. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats där data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer där empirin sedan kodades efter teman vanliga inom området.

     

    Resultatet visar på att det finns olika uppfattningar om vad gamifications syfte är, men den vanligaste uppfattning är att det syftar till att göra arbetet mer tillfredsställande. I frågan om hur användarna upplever att arbeta i ett gamifierat system kom vi fram till ett flertal teman där motivation, tillfredsställelse samt engagemang var mest förekommande upplevelserna. Vi fann även att upplevelser såsom stress, press och frustration var förekommande vilket inte diskuterats utförligt i tidigare litteratur inom gamification. Vi hittade även likheter och skillnader mellan användares och arbetsledares perspektiv gällande hur gamification upplevs av användare. De mer märkbara likheterna vi fann var upplevelser om tillfredsställelse och nöje samt ett ökat engagemang. Dock fann vi skillnader i hur användare och arbetsledare uppfattade motivationsfaktorer, upplevd motivation inom gamification samt huruvida användare upplevde stress.  

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  • 219.
    Lundeberg, Magnus
    et al.
    På i Stockholm AB, Danderyd, Stockholm.
    Nordström, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    ITIL och pm3: Likheter, skillnader samt värdet av att kombinera modellerna2010Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    I rapporten belyses viktiga skillnader och likheter mellan ITIL version 3 och pm3 version 2010, i syfte att öka förståelsen för hur dessa modeller kan samverka för att ge fördelar till de organisationer som använder båda modellerna. I rapporten ges såväl teoretisk som praktisk inblick i modellerna samt exempel på implementering. 

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  • 220.
    Löfstedt, Hanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Johansson, Emma
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Oj, det här blev komplicerat!: –  Verksamhetsarkitekturens påverkan på projektkomplexiteten vid implementering av nya affärssystem2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The advance of digitalisation affects almost everything in today's society. This has led to an increasingly complex IT landscape for businesses. To cope with this, many different IT projects are being introduced within organisations. However, these IT projects have a history of failing and there is therefore a wealth of recommended implementation processes and literature describing how to deal with project complexity. However, there is a lack of research investigating whether enterprise architecture contributes to project complexity and empirical studies on how this is managed.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how architecture has affected project complexity and in turn the implementation of new business systems. Furthermore, the study intends to provide an understanding of how project complexity is handled within implementation processes.  

    Completion: This study is a qualitative case study, in which we investigated a company in the environmental and recycling industry. The empirical data have been collected through five semi-structured interviews where the sample was purposive. 

    Conclusion: This study shows that the enterprise architecture influences the factors of project complexity. In this case, it has also negatively affected the implementation of new enterprise systems. Furthermore, the study shows a poor management of project complexity as the case company had no approach to either prevent complexity or manage the challenges that arose.

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    Oj, det här blev komplicerat! – Verksamhetsarkitekturens påverkan på projektkomplexiteten vid implementering av nya affärssystem
  • 221.
    Löfstedt, Truls
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Att etablera styrning av en tjänsteorienterad IT-arkitektur inom offentlig hälso- och sjukvård: Framtidens eHälsa i Stockholms Läns Landsting2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Inom Svensk hälso- och sjukvård sker en stor förändring i IT-infrastruktur. En nationell tjänsteplattform som ska möjligt delning av information mellan vårdgivare i olika regioner har implementerats. Flera landsting och regioner har implementerat liknande arkitekturer lokalt för att uppnå samma effekt även internt, men också för att underlätta uppkoppling till den nationella lösningen.Genom en kvalitativ fallstudie undersöker denna uppsats implementationen av en regional tjänsteplattform i Stockholms Läns Landsting med fokus på styrning. I en teoretisk undersökning behandlas teorier gällande IT inom offentlig hälso- och sjukvård, IT-governance, SOA och SOA-governance.Syftet med studien är att analysera och utvärdera teorier gällande SOA-governance i relation till styrning av en regional tjänsteplattform inom offentlig hälso- och sjukvård och på så sätt bidra till utveckling av aktuella teorier genom en diskussion gällande dess användbarhet inom en specifik sektor. Jag syftar också att bidra till utveckling av den studerade verksamheten genom att identifiera/prognostisera möjligheter och problem med aktuella styrningsstrukturer.Resultaten indikerar att utmaningar för att etablera SOA-governance inom offentlig hälso-och sjukvård främst härstammar ur organisationens natur. Exempelvis Politisk styrning eller lagstiftning. Ramverk för SOA-governance kan inte direkt hantera dessa utmaningar, men kan ge ett stöd genom struktur i arbetet samtidigt som de kan agera rådgivande gällande lösningar som fungerat i andra verksamheter. Rekommendationen är att tidigt i processen fastställa omfång av SOA-projektet, men också dess mål relativt verksamheten. Studien tyder också på att en ökad nytta kan erhållas genom att tidigt i processen etablera en styrande grupp som med ett tydligt mandat beslutar om standarder och säkerställer dess efterlevnad redan under etableringsprojektet.

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    Att etablera styrning av en tjänsteorienterad IT-arkitektur inom offentlig hälso- och sjukvård
  • 222.
    Löfstedt, Truls
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Exploring Integrated Management Systems – Challenges and Potentials in Relation to IT Governance2015In: IRIS: Selected Papers of the Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia / [ed] Netta Iivari, Kari Kuutti & Judith Molka-Danielsen, 2015, p. 1-13Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of an integrated management system (IMS) supported by IT and the relation between IMS and IT governance (ITG). This paper presents the initial results from a case study of an IMS at a large government agency in Sweden. It serves as an initial exploration of the first case in my PhD thesis on ITG intended to explore the integration of ITG in to other management systems. The initial results indicate three main perspectives that are important in the design of a performing IMS; [1] Setting the scope of the IMS in regards to detail level, range and origin of information, [2] having coherent control mechanisms in play that align with the integration strategy and the overall business objectives, and [3] making use of the potential IT has to offer in regards to sorting and presenting information.

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    Exploring Integrated Management Systems
  • 223.
    Madsen, Christian Ostergaard
    et al.
    IT Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Lindgren, Ida
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    The accidental caseworker - How digital self-service influences citizens administrative burden2022In: Government Information Quarterly, ISSN 0740-624X, E-ISSN 1872-9517, Vol. 39, no 1, article id 101653Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Following a large worldwide uptake of digital public services, several countries have turned to mandatory digitization, whereby citizens or companies must use digital self-service applications to apply for public services. However, previous research on the adoption of digital public services has predominantly focused on simple, or even hypothetical, services and situations. We identify a knowledge gap concerning citizens experience of actual interactions with digital self-service for more complicated social services and benefits. Therefore, we explore digital self-service from the perspective of citizens using the concept of administrative burden as a theoretical lens. Specifically, we analyze data from in-depth empirical studies encompassing observations, interviews, and focus group discussions with single mothers who have applied for public benefits following divorce or family separation. We present a descriptive process model for citizens application for public benefits. Next, we illustrate how digital self-service influences citizens administrative burden throughout this process. An important contribution reveals that citizens administrative burden increases-they must learn how to complete tasks that professional caseworkers previously conducted and comply with government demands concerning digital selfservice applications and specific data formats. However, digital self-service can also reduce citizens administrative burden through the online provision of information and automatic data transfers. Further, digital selfservice offers an anonymous application process that may reduce the psychological costs and stigma associated with receiving public benefits. Finally, our research contributes new insights at the theoretical level, linking the concept of administrative burden to complex digital self-service use from a citizen perspective.

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  • 224.
    Martin, Diana Adela
    et al.
    Centre for Engineering Education, University College London, London, UK, Philosophy and Ethics, Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands .
    Bombaerts, Gunter
    Philosophy and Ethics, Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands .
    Horst, Maja
    Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Papageorgiou, Kyriaki
    Fusion Point, Esade Business and Law School, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Viscusi, Gianluigi
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK.
    Pedagogical Orientations and Evolving Responsibilities of Technological Universities: A Literature Review of the History of Engineering Education2023In: Science and Engineering Ethics, ISSN 1353-3452, Vol. 29, no 6, article id 40Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Current societal changes and challenges demand a broader role of technological universities, thus opening the question of how their role evolved over time and how to frame their current responsibility. In response to urgent calls for debating and redefining the identity of contemporary technological universities, this paper has two aims. The first aim is to identify the key characteristics and orientations marking the development of technological universities, as recorded in the history of engi- neering education. The second aim is to articulate the responsibility of contempo- rary technological universities given their different orientations and characteristics. For this, we first provide a non-systematic literature review of the key pedagogi- cal orientations of technological universities, grounded in the history of engineer- ing education. The five major orientations of technological universities presented in the paper are technical, economic, social, political, and ecological. We then use this historical survey to articulate the responsibilities of contemporary technologi- cal universities reflecting the different orientations. Technological universities can promote and foster the development of scientific, professional, civic, legal, or intra- and inter- generational responsibility. We argue that responsibility is not specific to any particular orientation, such that the concept is broadened to complement each orientation or mix of orientations of a technological university. Our contribution thus serves as a call for technological universities to self-reflect on their mission and identity, by offering a lens for identifying the orientations they currently foster and making explicit the responsibility arising from their current orientation or the ones they strive to cultivate. 

  • 225.
    Martin, Jason
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wallo, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education and Sociology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, HELIX Competence Centre.
    Gremyr, Ida
    Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg.
    Wiger, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Braf, Ewa
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Elg, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Närhet på distans: En guide för ledarskap på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt2023Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det du nu läser är en guide tänkt att användas som ett stöd och en vägledning till dig som i arbetet leder eller deltar i aktiviteter på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt. 

    Guiden är utvecklad av forskare och organisationer i flera forskningsprojekt som studerar möjligheter och ut­maningar i ledarskap på distans med stöd av digitala ar­betssätt. 

    Guiden vänder sig i första hand till er som är chefer och ledare med ansvar för att planera och genomföra aktivite­ter på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt, men den kan även läsas av medarbetare och andra funktioner i era orga­nisationer. 

    En central del i guiden är ”verktygslådan” där vi, utifrån våra egna forskningsresultat samt med stöd av tidigare forskning, har satt ihop ett urval av praktiska verktyg som kan användas för att möjliggöra ett effektivare ledarskap på distans. 

    Guiden och verktygen i verktygslådan tar avstamp i var­dagsnära situationer och aktiviteter som vi i våra forsk­ningsprojekt sett innehåller stor potential att förbättra hur arbete på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt kan orga­niseras och ledas. 

    Vi visar vanligt förekommande arbetssätt och verktyg och ger konkreta och praktiska tips på hur ni kan arbeta tillsammans för att kunna uppnå bättre resultat, lära och utveckla både för individer och för organisationen samt bidra till bättre hälsa och välbefinnande. 

    Guiden kan ses som en palett av arbetssätt och verktyg som ni antingen kan pröva direkt och/eller ha som under­lag för diskussion i syfte att ta fram egna, skräddarsydda arbetssätt. Använd den som inspiration och hjälpmedel för att utveckla ditt ledarskap och medarbetarskap samt ditt sätt att leda och möjliggöra digitala aktiviteter på distans. 

    Om du vill testa någon eller några av de verktyg och ar­betssätt som presenteras i guiden tillsammans forskare så hör av dig till Jason Martin (jason.martin@liu.se) eller Andreas Wallo (andreas.wallo@liu.se) på Linköpings universitet.

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  • 226. Massa, Lorenzo
    et al.
    Viscusi, Gianluigi
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Tucci, Christopher
    Business models and complexity2018In: Journal of Business Models, E-ISSN 2246-2465, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 59-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To offer a -necessarily non-exhaustive- analysis of the meaning and significance of the notion of a complex system for research on the Business Model (BM).

    Design/Methodology/Approach: Conceptual paper

    Findings: Drawing from early research in complexity and debates that have inspired work in General System Theory, system thinking and cybernetics, we identify four insights, notably i) modeling of complex systems, ii) interdependencies, iii) nested hierarchies and iv) information processing that, we contend, have the potential to shed light on novel possibilities for understanding BMs. We offer an analysis.

    Research Limitations/Implications: Limitation: exclusive focus on early interpretation of the notion of complexity as referring to a characteristic of a system. The paper does not explore the implications of the more modern understanding of complexity as referring to the ‘behavior’ of a system (complex system vs. complex behavior)

    Practical Implications: we may be attempting to represent a system which is very complex, the BM and the organization behind it, at the level of the anatomy, only reflecting its main components. This is subject to inherent limitations.

    Originality/Value: To show that, within the line of inquiry understanding the business model (BM) as some reality existing at the level of the firm, a BM may resemble what students of complexity refer to as a complex system. To explore the meaning and significance of the notion of complexity and of a complex system for research on the BM.

  • 227.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Att arbeta hemifrån i ljuset av pandemin: om digitala verktyg och gränshantering2021In: I en tid av pandemi: en ESO-antologi med samhällsvetenskapliga reflektioner / [ed] Jonas Eliasson, Lena Unemo, Stockholm: Regeringskansliet, Finansdepartementet , 2021, p. 99-125Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 228.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Challenges and Benefits in an Open Data Initiative: A Local Government Case Study of Myths and Realities2016In: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation: Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, PhD Papers, Posters and Workshops of IFIP EGOV and ePart 2016 / [ed] Hans Jochen Scholl, Olivier Glassey, Marijn Janssen, Bram Klievink, Ida Lindgren, Peter Parycek, Efthimios Tambouris, Maria Wimmer, Tomasz Janowski, Delfina Sá Soares, IOS Press, 2016, Vol. 23, p. 111-122Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the myths and realities of open data at local government (a focused municipality) level. There are many expectations related to open government data (OGD) covering e.g. public transportation, car parks, public committee minutes and air quality measurements and the effects of more open public agencies and commercial possibilities, together with citizen benefits. Expectations are often uncritical and expressed in terms of rationalized myths. The purpose of this paper is to investigate myths and realities in a case study and to present lessons learned from focusing such dimensions in an ongoing and emerging local government OGD initiative. This study confirms previous research on open data myths, challenges and benefits from a local government perspective. The conclusions also illustrate three important findings directed to the existing body of research regarding the importance of alliances of stakeholders in OGD initiatives, aspects of heterogeneous organizations launching open data and reflections on the division of labour between public and private actors when handling different communication channels. Implications for research and practice are also outlined together with limitations and further research. 

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  • 229.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Presidentens tweets: sociala medier som ett tveeggat svärd2020In: Stjärnspäckat: reflektioner från amerikanska presidentvalet 2020 av ledande forskare / [ed] Niklas Bolin, Kajsa Falasca, Marie Grusell, Lars Nord, Sundsvall: Mittuniversitetet , 2020, Vol. Sidan 24, p. 24-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 230.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Vetenskaplig kunskap och bildning för samhällets framtida digitalisering: ett nationellt centrum: Utredningsrapport 2018-11-052018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Digitalisering innehåller en potential för fortsatt förändring i och av samhället. Samtidigt har digitalisering många former och uttryck och det är inte självklart att goda sidor realiseras. Utredningen, som bygger på studier av tidigare forskning, intervjuer och enkäter, visar med tydlighet att det finns ett behov av vetenskaplig kunskap och bildning för att nå en mera reflekterad praktik gällande samhällets digitalisering. Det framkommer ett antal glapp i mötet mellan nuvarande digitaliseringsforskning och -praktik som gör att den kunskap om digitalisering som genereras inom både forskningen och inom praktiken inte tillräckligt ömsesidigt och aktivt tas tillvara. Med sådana glapp riskerar vi att inte nyttja den potential som finns i digitalisering inom både privat och offentlig sektor; att inte tillräckligt lära av generell kunskap, sammanhang och heller inte av framgångsmönster eller misstag i praktiken. För att framgångsrikt kunna adressera dessa glapp ställs höga krav både på praktiken, på den vetenskapliga kunskapsgenereringen och på den bildning som finns idag och i framtiden. Digitalisering är därmed både kunskapskrävande och kunskapsdrivande. Att samla en förmåga att kunna adressera dessa glapp är centralt för att vi som nation skall kunna nå de intentioner om att bli bäst på att nyttja digitaliseringens möjligheter som allt oftare artikuleras. Här krävs en medveten, långsiktig och samlad satsning på forskning om digitalisering bortom enskilda ämnen och specifika tillämpningsområden. En mångdisciplinär forskning med en samtidig ämnesmässig legitimitet har en viktig roll att spela för att bidra till en reflekterad digitaliseringspraktik. Relevant och vederhäftig utbildning på grundläggande och på avancerad nivå, forskarutbildning samt fort- och vidareutbildning likaså. Sammantaget skall detta resultera i en hantering av digitalisering som en kvalificerad praktisk kunskap guidad av såväl nyttoorientering som av klassiska bildningsideal. Ett nationellt centrum för vetenskaplig kunskap och bildning om samhällets digitalisering kan anta dessa utmaningar och stå för en relevant, möjliggörande, men också kritisk, och rigorös forskning för att ta sig an de ”stora frågorna”. Ett sådant centrum, organiserat med en mindre kärna, och ett omfattande nätverk av forskning och utbildning om digitalisering baserat i Sverige, kan ta en samordnande och tankeledande roll i arbetet. Centret kan vara den kunskapsgenerator och -resurs som krävs för att ta det svenska samhällets digitalisering, och dess olika sektorer, till nästa och nödvändiga nivå av framgång.

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  • 231.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Action in action research: Elaborating the concepts of action, roles and dilemmas in a public e-service development project2016In: Journal of Systems and Information Technology, ISSN 1328-7265, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 118-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the concept of action by addressing actions and roles in the practice of action research, illustrated by dilemmas in an action research project on information systems development in public sector. The main ambition with action research is being able to solve organisational problems through intervention and to contribute to scientific knowledge. The main emphasis has so far been on the “research part”. Here the authors focus on the “action part” of action research to generate rigorous research, to solve local problems and to deal with evident dilemmas in action research.

    Design/methodology/approach

    This is a qualitative case study. The empirical illustrations of this paper originate from an action research project that focused the two e-service development initiatives analysed below. The analysis is structured using key aspects and phases proposed by Avison et al. (2001). As a result of the analysis, the concept of action is elaborated. The action elements action, actor, motive, space and time are analysed together with different roles. This goes beyond the existing action research literature.

    Findings

    The conclusions show that there is a need to understand actions and roles within action research projects – not separating action from research. Research is also seen as action. The practice of action research is also discussed as context-bounded interactive social action: action research as a recurrent, interactive and dynamic activity. It is also identified that the understanding of roles, actions and interaction can help handle dilemmas in action research.

    Research Limitations/implications

    The authors contribute to the body of knowledge concerning action research in the information systems research field and in general by exploring the need to study the concept of action (e.g. situations and elements), to be explicit concerning the different phases, roles and responsibilities and management of different dilemmas in action research. A limitation of this study is that the inter-organisational development character in this study adds an extra dimension into the practice of actions research only partially highlighted. Another limitation is focus on public agencies. However, this is not critical for the results on action elements and the action research dilemmas that are studied.

    Practical Implications

    The understanding of roles, actions and interaction can solve the dilemmas and challenges linked to the practice of action research in the information systems field, but such understanding can help discover and handle dilemmas in action research.

    Originality/value

    The originality in this research is an illustration of and a perspective of action research as a context-bounded interactive social action: action research as a recurrent, interactive and dynamic activity. The value is that this knowledge can help handle dilemmas in action research.

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  • 232.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Correction: Implementing healthcare information systems - Mirroring a wide spectrum of images of an IT project (vol 3, pg 26, 2014)2014In: Health Policy and Technology, ISSN 2211-8837, E-ISSN 2211-8845, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 343-343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 233.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Implementing Healthcare Information Systems: Mirroring a Wide Spectrum of Images of an IT Project2014In: Health Policy and Technology, ISSN 2211-8837, E-ISSN 2211-8845, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 26-35Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the spectrum of interpretations that can be related to the implementation and use of a healthcare information system (HIS). The empirical part of this paper is based on a qualitative case study of a Swedish healthcare provider, called “Alpha”, where a HIS was implemented. By studying how different actors interpret technological and organizational changes in a healthcare case, we mirror different images of the implementation project. Put together, this diversity of images provides an illustration of the complexity associated with the process of implementing a HIS. We apply an adjusted version of Orlikowski’s practice lens, with its roots in Structuration Theory, in order to study technology in organizations (focusing inertia, application and change). The implementation process of a HIS is much too complex to be judged as being either entirely positive or negative; instead it offers an illustration of the multi-faceted and reciprocal relation between IS and organization. This challenge literature on critical success factors. This study illustrates several images of HIS implementation and use. Highlighting images is one way to illustrate reluctance, support, complexity and power that are present in HIS implementation and use. This is one important contribution from this article. The complexity in the implementation is linked to healthcare organizations as professional bureaucracies, being highly politicized and institutionalized and to the IT artefact as an integrated HIS. Viewing images as rational myths is also discussed in this paper as an original approach to understand HIS implementation.

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  • 234.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Inter-organizational interaction in public and private sectors – a comparative study2013In: Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, ISSN 1750-6166, E-ISSN 1750-6174, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 431-452Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This article compares inter-organizational (IO) interaction and inter-organizational information systems (IOS) to support IO interaction in public and private sectors. The purpose of the article is to explore and discuss differences and similarities between e-government and e-business focusing IOS and interaction. This is done in order to facilitate learning between the two fields. The point of departure is two case studies performed in private and public sectors.

    Design/methodology/approach – A comparative study of two cases in two sectors (private and public) is conducted. IO concepts from industrial markets that characterize an IO relationship (continuity, complexity, symmetry, and formality) and concepts that describe dimensions of such relationships (links, bonds, and ties) are used as analytical lenses. The empirical case study data, mainly generated from interviews, have been analyzed in a qualitative, interpretive way, using these central IO concepts from industrial markets (the IMP approach). This approach is in line with a strategy to use theory as a part of an iterative process of data collection and analysis.

    Findings – The findings in the present study show that there are several similarities concerning interaction in relations between organizations in the two sectors. There are also differences depending on the level of analysis (empirical level vs analytical level). The study shows the need to be explicit regarding organizational value, end-customer or client/citizen value and the type of objects that are exchanged in the interaction. This is presented in the article together with suggested refinements of the analytical framework used for understanding IO interaction. The latter finding is a contribution to the general field of interaction and network studies and also a contribution to the e-government field.

    Practical implications – This article is a point of departure to facilitate learning between the public and the private sectors focusing on IO relations and IOS. Learning between the two sectors is needed for researchers in the two areas as well as policy makers and practitioners developing e-government interaction and IOS.

    Originality/value – There are few articles addressing learning between the private and the public sector within the e-government area. Not at least when focusing IO issues. There is also a tendency that wheels are reinvented in the sectors and in the e-government research area. An important initiative in this article is to contribute in filling this gap by providing examples of a comparative analysis as well as understanding of how to perform such analyses of IO interaction.

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  • 235.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Löfstedt, Truls
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Understanding an Integrated Management System in a Government Agency – Focusing Institutional Carriers: Focusing Institutional Carriers2018In: Electronic Government. EGOV 2018 / [ed] Parycek, Peter; Glassey, Olivier; Janssen, Marijn; Scholl, Hans Jochen; Tambouris, Efthimios; Kalampokis, Evangelos; Virkar, Shefali, Springer International Publishing , 2018, p. 15-28Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Working with an integrated management system (IMS) is a challenging task. In public organizations, the formalization of an IMS including the communication of control mechanisms, rules, goals and culture are crucial. Several types of carriers are used in order to communicate the content in an IMS – both human actors and artefacts. An artefact studied in this paper is an intranet, as one carrier of the IMS. The purpose of this paper is to explore how institutional theory – focusing institutional carriers – can help us to understand how an IMS is represented through human actors and technology in a government agency. The conclusion is that the application of an institutional carrier perspective on an IMS can help us to understand the past and present, the role, and the relative success of such a system. An IMS can be aligned or misaligned related to three dimensions of structure, process and people. Achieving an aligned and legitimate IMS is crucial in order to achieve goals in an organization. The implications of this study are that further research and practice should give more attention to institutional carriers when studying and improving IMS.

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  • 236.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Söderström, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Managing the development of e-ID in a public e-service context: Challenges and path dependencies from a life-cycle perspective2016In: Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, ISSN 1750-6166, E-ISSN 1750-6174, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 72-98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse and understand the contemporary management of electronic identification (e-ID) development to: identify and formulate challenges and reflect upon the use of a combination of perspectives. To generate knowledge on this issue, we investigate e-ID development in Sweden from: an e-government systems development lifecycle perspective and a project challenge and critical success factor (CSF) perspective. Design/methodology/approach– This is a qualitative case study covering an analysis of the three years in a larger project focusing e-ID in a public e-service setting. Empirical sources have been face-to-face interviews; official documents and different kind of forums for presentations and discussions in, for example, hearings arranged by authorities; meetings with the coordinating agency, and practitioners’ networks events. Findings– This study concludes that there are significant challenges involved in managing e-ID development because of its contextual and integrated character. Challenges involve the organization and management of the program and can be traced back to e-government, general project management literature and theory on path dependency. Based on this study, we can question, e.g. governance models, centralization and a narrow focus on the technical artefact. Our study is also an illustration of a possible way to analyse e-ID within an e-government initiative. Research limitations/implications– The present study shows that an e-ID can be considered as a back office-enabler for launching e-services, but also highlights the need for management of the artefact as an integral part of e-service development because it is intertwined with the use of e-services from a user perspective. This aspect together with the insights related to challenges and success factors including path dependency provides implications for future practice of e-ID management and development in particular and information systems artefact development in general. Originality/value– This paper addresses challenges related to the development of e-ID in a public e-service setting. Few studies have theoretically combined a lifecycle perspective on challenges and success factors related to e-ID development while also focusing different dimensions of path dependency as an example of a challenging area within a program frame. Studying e-ID as a contemporary phenomenon from a contextual perspective in line with sociomaterial thinking – with a focus on the interplay between technology and people –can also help us to understand and discuss artefact development in general.

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  • 237.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Söderström, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Managing The Development Of Secure Identification - Investigating A National e-ID Initiative Within A Public e-Service Context2013In: Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems, 2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the management of developing electronic identification (e-ID) within a public e-service context. e-ID is an important key enabler for secure identification, authentication and digital signing via the Internet and a part of e-service design. As users, and citizens, we become reliant on electronic solutions that give us a certain level of utility and trust, and use e-ID solutions to interact with local and central government in an e-service context. The management of e-ID development in a national context is the case in focus for investigation. Such development initiatives, and especially inter-organizational projects, face a number of challenges. Therefore it is a need for a more thorough understanding of e-ID development within a public e-service context. The purpose is to analyse the contemporary management of e-ID development in Sweden from: a) an e-government systems development life-cycle perspective and b) a project challenge and critical success factor perspective. This study concludes that there are significant challenges involved in managing integrated e-ID development. Challenges involve the organization and management of the program and can be traced back to e-government and general project management literature, but based on this study one can question, e.g. governance models, centralization, and a narrow focus on a technical artefact. Important implications from this paper are a call for further contextual studies of e-ID development, putting the user and organizational setting, path dependency, and governance models in focus.

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    Managing eID ECIS 2013 Melin et al
  • 238.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems.
    Wedlund, Tommy
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems.
    Project-based Learning: - An Emergent Framework for Designing Courses2009In: Information Systems Education Journal, ISSN 1545-679X, Vol. 7, no 34, p. 3-11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we elaborate on a framework, a set of guidelines, for teachers when designing project based courses. The emergent framework presented in this paper will focus on six themes: (1) overall course design, (2) project task, (3) project group, (4) examination, (5) feedback and (6) course evaluation and improvement and is initially grounded in theory and practice. The framework elaborated in this paper should support teachers' development of a professional autonomy within the norms of a professional group and an active curriculum.

  • 239.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Lindgren, Ida
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Open Government Data in an e-service Context: Managerial and Conceptual Challenges, Completed Research Full Paper2017In: Proceeding of the Americas Conference on Information Systems: E-Government (SIGEGOV), Americas Conference on Information Systems , 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Open government data (OGD) includes different data sets that are launched by government organizationsin order to stimulate third-party development of e.g. apps for mobile devices. At the same time agovernment organization is expected to provide useful public e-services. Government organizations oftoday tend to treat OGD and e-services separately, so is the e-government community. The aim of thispaper is to address challenges related to the work with OGD within an e-service context from: (1) amanagerial, and (2) a conceptual perspective. A qualitative case study of the Swedish TransportAdministration and their work with OGD and e-services as an empirical base in this paper. This paperillustrates, using a set of analytic categories generated from previous studies, that there are severalchallenges related to the managerial and conceptual work and perspectives concerning OGD. There arealso different patterns present when managing e-services and OGD (bottom-up vs. top-down).

  • 240.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Sarkar, Pradip K.
    School of Business Information Technology and Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
    Young, Leslie W.
    School of Business Information Technology and Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
    Fashions in the cloud: A case of institutional legitimacy2014In: 20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014, Association for Information Systems , 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organisations claim to adopt IT fashions on the premise of achieving cost-savings, and performance improvements. However, current research reveals that such goals are not the only motivators behind the actual adoption of IT fashions. This paper illustrates, through the case studies of two universities, that the adoption of an IT fashion, such as Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions, can enhance the innovative image of an organisation, and render it fashionable to stakeholders. Yet, this very image may erode if issues of concern, associated with the uncertainty of new technologies, are not addressed. Through the lens of the Theory of Institutional Legitimacy, the examination of the two case studies depict IT fashions as double-edged swords, which may enhance or erode legitimacy of policy makers, thus bringing about shifts in their viewpoints on such technologies. Therefore, a deeper understanding is required of how IT fashions influence the legitimacy of IT decision-makers.

  • 241.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Sarkar, Pradip K.
    School of Business Technology and Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Young, Leslie W.
    School of Business Technology and Logistics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
    To couple or not to couple: A case study of institutional legitimacy relating to SaaS applications in two universities2020In: Information Technology and People, ISSN 0959-3845, E-ISSN 1758-5813, Vol. 33, no 4, p. 1149-1173Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The predominant narrative is that contemporary organisations, motivated by economic-rationalist aspirations, adopt cloud applications on the premise of achieving cost-savings and efficiency gains. However, how they actually adopt and rollover such new or emerging technologies may be influenced by acts, patterns and processes of institutional legitimacy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics surrounding decisions on how specific cloud applications are adopted from the context of institutional theory, with a particular focus on the concepts of coupling and decoupling.

    Design/methodology/approach

    To examine this phenomenon, two qualitative case studies, using a reflexive research approach, of an Australian and a Swedish university have been undertaken, both of which adopted commercial cloud applications for e.g. e-mail, collaboration and storage (as examples of software as a service) at different points in time. One of the universities was known for its early adoption of cloud applications, but had decelerated further deployment of such services, while the other, despite its conservative reputation, has made rapid strides in this regard.

    Findings

    The findings of the dual case studies reveal that organisations, contrary to economic-rationalist claims, may or may not decide to adopt particular commercial cloud-based offerings for the support of core operations, on the basis of how they perceive their institutional legitimacy being affected by a complex network of influential actors, both internally and in the external spaces. Therefore, this paper offers an institutional theory-based discourse and rich illustrations on how the role of technology is played out in enhancing relationships between an organisation and such actors in terms of legitimacy focusing acts of coupling and decoupling.

    Originality/value

    In the analysis and findings the authors, in a novel way, illustrate how organisations strive for: institutional legitimacy through acts of coupling, and the revelations of consequential decoupling. The value is based on a rich case description, analysis and application of institutional theory.

  • 242.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Balanced and integrated e-government implementation – exploring the crossroad of public policy-making and information systems project management processes2018In: Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, ISSN 1750-6166, E-ISSN 1750-6174, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 191-208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This paper aims to identify and elaborate on the various interpretations and implications of e-government as a process of public policy-making and as an act of information systems (IS) project management. The paper contributes to the search for a theoretical conceptualization by bridging policy project management and policy-making in public sector organizations at a crossroad of e-government to improve sustainable e-government research. Design/methodology/approach: The research design of this paper focus on a model balancing the two research fields; public policy-making and analysis, and project management in the IS field. Through this model, four critical aspects of the processes are identified: objective, incentives/motivation, input/trigger and coordinative actor. These critical aspects are illustrated through findings from four case studies that are re-analyzed here. The cases show how the conceptual model through different dimensions can balance the two perspectives to reach a more sustainable outcome of e-government. Findings: The paper shows that the two perspectives on e-government – public policy-making and project management – can be balanced and thereby reach a more sustainable outcome at this crossroad. The case studies re-visited in this paper are compared and serves as illustrations of these perspectives and different configurations of them in search for the crossroad. Research limitations/implications: A main contribution of the paper is that e-government projects should be studied in, and taking both public policy-making and IS project management into account to be sustainable and successful. Even if the case studies have been conducted in Sweden, the conceptual results in this paper can be analytically generalized into other setting. However, there is a need for more comparative and conceptual studies in the field of e-government to shed light on the multi-faceted crossroads illustrated in this paper. Practical implications: The paper offers new insights on how to integrate, bridge and even balance the two aspects of e-government policy aspects and projects management to achieve more sustainable and successful e-government. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the literature by shedding light on the crossroad of policy aspects and IS project management approaches in the e-government field. The paper points at the need to further develop the understanding and design of e-government at the crossroad of information system models and political science concepts. © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited.

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  • 243.
    Melin, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Frågor om tillit ... : praktik, teknik och organisation i samspel kring säkra offentliga e-tjänster: en diskussionsbok baserad på forskningsprojektet "Säkra offentliga e-tjänster - en fråga om tillit och organisering" vid Linköpings universitet 2008-20112011Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag är det Helt okej att lämna in deklarationen på nätet eller via ett SMS. Lika vanligt är det att i första hand gå till en kommuns hemsida för att hitta öppettider på atervinningsstationen, leta böcker i bibliotekets  katalog eller för att söka upp telefonnumret till socialförvaltningen. Detta är exempel på offentliga e-tjänster.

    Offentliga e-tjänster är tjänster då informations- och kommunikationsteknik används i relationer mellan offentlig förvaltning och medborgare.

    Men det är inte alltid så att offentliga e-tjänster bara ökar tillgänglighet och effektiviserar förvaltningen. Hur görs de säkra? Kan alla använda dessa tjänster på samma sätt? Behöver de som arbetar i förvaltningen ändra sina sätt att arbeta? Skapas nya sätt att fuska? Hamnar de offentliga organisationerna i händerna på företagen som utvecklar tekniken?

    Det finns många problem och utmaningar med offentliga e-tjänster. I denna bok diskuterar forskare från Linköpings universitet hur utmaningar kring tilllit till offentliga e-tjänster kan tolkas och kanske även hanteras. Forskare från statsvetenskap och informatik har samarbetat. Här får Du en del svar och tips, men även frågor och nya perspektiv som kan vara viktiga för Dig som utvecklar, arbetar med eller bara nyttjar offentliga e-tjänster.

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    Frågor om tillit ... : praktik, teknik och organisation i samspel kring säkra offentliga e-tjänster: en diskussionsbok baserad på forskningsprojektet "Säkra offentliga e-tjänster - en fråga om tillit och organisering" vid Linköpings universitet 2008-2011
  • 244.
    Munkvold, Bjørn Erik
    et al.
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Radianti, Jaziar
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Rød, Jan Ketil
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Opach, Tomasz
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Snaprud, Mikael
    Tingtun AS, Lillesand, Norge.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Bunker, Deborah
    University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Sharing Incident and Threat Information for Common Situational Understanding2019In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the INSITU research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a common operational picture (COP) and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution developed will provide an interactive map display, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

  • 245.
    Munkvold Erikssen, Bjørn
    et al.
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Opach, Tomasz
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Radianti, Jasziar
    University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
    Rød, Jan Ketil
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    SHARING INFORMATION FOR COMMON SITUATIONAL UNDERSTANDING IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE2019In: Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Uppsala, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 246.
    Murphy, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Crisis Response Volunteer Processes and Digitalisation: A Case Study in the Aftermath of Swedish Forest Fires Year 20182020Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 247.
    Murphy, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Advanced Research in Emergency Response (CARER).
    Digital Transformation for Crisis Volunteerism: A study in the aftermath of the Swedish Forest Fires Crisis in 20182021Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the summer of 2018, Sweden was taken by surprise and engulfed by forest fires on an unprecedented scale. Various forms of crisis volunteerism (CV) proved essential in the large scale response that ensued. Previous information systems (IS) research gives insights, both theoretically and practically, on the potential of IS and digitalisation to enhance and support crisis response. However, the forest fires demonstrated that CV practices and practitioners in Sweden have practically no such support. CV is, in other words, an essential part of the crisis response system, but unsupported by dedicated digitalisation. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand what is required to enable a digital transformation (DT) that will significantly improve CV practice and the overall crisis response system.

    Sweden is not unique in this respect. From an international perspective, IS research devotes much attention to the area of crisis response. However, this is most commonly done using the perspective and needs of crisis management stakeholders as a departing point. Also, despite research on and the availability of IS solutions, the degree of practical implementation would appear to be low. This thesis is therefore also based on the perceived knowledge gap that the lack of IS and digitalisation supporting CV is, in part, a result of the lack of research focus on volunteer stakeholders and the CV practice itself. Another gap noted is the lack of knowledge regarding the real-world practice of CV which contributes to undermining the development and use of IS solutions for CV.

    This thesis, therefore, provides a much needed holistic understanding of real-world CV. This understanding moves the perspective of volunteer stakeholders to the forefront without losing the perspective of crisis management. This has been done via an empirical study in the aftermath of the Swedish forest fires crisis as well as via studies of international IS literature on crisis response and CV. This has resulted in a unique holistic and comprehensive model that relates to the complexity, dynamics and emergence involved in CV practice. Via this model it is possible to relate specific parts or aspects of CV practice, to the whole practice area and continue modelling attributes in greater detail, as required, depending on DT or IS design needs.

    Underlying the focus in this thesis lies a mild critique of previous IS research with more reductionist approaches, whereby the relevance of broader contextual understandings has been downplayed. The thesis aligns with perspectives on digitalisation and IS design, proposing the relevance of developing broader holistic understandings of research topics. That is, understandings that have greater potential to reveal how phenomena come into being and are adapted in environmental contexts.

    DT is understood in terms of a process whereby broader understandings of phenomena are used to identify needs (triggers), strategies and capabilities that will inform IS design initiatives. An analytical framework depicting this process and its main components and relationships has been designed in this thesis to contribute to an understanding of what is required to digitally transform CV practice.

    In summary, the thesis provides a new holistic approach and understanding for the CV practice area and how it may be digitally transformed. The thesis also contributes to a new perspective on DT, applied to a complex and non-organisation based setting. This knowledge is of relevance to both practitioners and IS researchers in crisis response and CV. The CV practice meta-model and the analytical framework for digital transformation can be used to enable and inform future digital transformation strategies and policy in Sweden and internationally. They can also contribute to guiding the initiation of practical IS design initiatives, with greater potential to enhance and improve both CV and overall crisis response.

    The research was performed within the information systems (IS) discipline.

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  • 248.
    Mård, Charlotta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kjellin, Louise
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    To BI or Not to BI?: En undersökning av faktorer som påverkarorganisationers implementering av Business Intelligence2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Business Intelligence (BI) mainly concerns collecting, analyzing and converting data into valuable information that is then used by decision makers to further develop and optimize the business (Negash, 2004). However, the extraction of positive effects as a result of BI implementation is not something organizations can or should take for granted. Previous research shows that a large number of organizations find it difficult to derive benefits from BI initiatives and that investments in BI are often regarded as failures (Chenoweth, Corral & Demirkan, 2006). Furthermore, the frequency of failed BI projects is assessed to be somewhere around 50-80% of all BI initiatives (Meehaan, 2011; Legodi & Barry, 2010). There is currently limited research on factors that affect the success of BI implementations due to the fact that the development of BI has been mainly driven by the IT industry and its suppliers (Yeoh & Koronios, 2010). This leads us to believe that there is a discrepancy between research and practice. Our hope is therefore that we through our study will be able to fill this knowledge gap by presenting new empirical insights linked to success factors for BI implementation in Swedish organizations, using a scientific foundation.

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    To BI or Not to BI?
  • 249.
    Narvesjö, Rebecca
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    User Experience: ett nytt arbetssätt, tankesätt - eller det beror på!: En kartläggning av UX som ramverk i teorin och praktiken2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    User experience, UX, är ett modernt begrepp inom utvecklingsbranschen lika väl som i forskningsområdet människa-datorinteraktion (HCI). Den här uppsatsen syftar till att reda ut vad UX som arbetssätt är i teori respektive praktik, om det finns en gemensam tolkning eller flera olika i olika verksamheter, samt att jämföra teorin och praktiken. För att ta reda på vad UX egentligen står för i teorin och praktiken, användes triangulering; en litteraturstudie samt en empiriskt grundad kvalitativ och delvis också kvantitativ undersökning genomfördes. Datainsamlingsmetoden som användes i empirin var dels en småskalig fallstudie hos företaget Cambio, som i kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer berättade om hela livscykeln för UX i deras projekt. Baserat på de kategorier och begrepp som kom upp i intervjuerna, fördjupades litteraturstudien i dessa områden, och en enkät om UX i praktiken konstruerades. Respondenterna i enkäten representerade ett antal olika verksamheter i Sverige, från några olika delar av IT-branschen, men som alla arbetar med UX.

    UX som arbetssätt beskrivs i teorin som användarcentrerat och med ett antal delprocesser som ska gås igenom: personas, scenarier, prototyper, utvärdering och testning ihop med slutanvändare och experter. Arbetet ska dessutom ske iterativt.

    I empirin fanns stöd för att det finns ett (singularis) etablerat arbetssätt, eller snarare ett ramverk, som är det som kallas UX. UX i praktiken innebär att man arbetar med användarcentrering. För att uppnå detta använder man verktyg eller genomför delprocesser i form av personas, d.v.s. kartläggningar av slutanvändargrupper – med bakgrunder, förutsättningar, behov o.s.v. – genom observation och intervjuer. Prototyper tas fram som tillgodoser behoven som man fann att alla personas hade och dessa testas och utvärderas ihop med slutanvändare och experter (inom UX eller annat besläktat område) och processen upprepas iterativt till dess att resultatet är till belåtenhet. Scenarier används i de två tidigare nämnda momenten: i personas i form av användningsfall, i prototyper och utvärdering i form av testfall som ska genomföras av slutanvändaren, som speglar en verklig situation. Agil utveckling föredras ur UX-synpunkt, men det är inte helt oproblematiskt eftersom det traditionella, exempelvis vattenfallsmetoden, erbjuder en stark grund att stå på innan utvecklingsarbetet tar vid.

    Litteraturstudien gav alltså liknande resultat som den empiriska undersökningen. Det finns i båda fallen ett antal gemensamma nämnare, även om dessa i teorin förmodligen beskriver ett drömläge eftersom man i praktiken har tagit de praktiskt tillämpbara delarna och snarare använder UX som ett ramverk med en uppsättning verktyg som man kan ta tillhanda för att främja arbetet med användarupplevelsen.

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  • 250.
    Nilsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    En analys av agiliteten i Migrationsverkets systemutvecklingsarbete: En utvärdering av Scrum med hjälp av ramverket Agile Software solution framework2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetar organisationen agilt? Det är huvudfrågan i detta arbete. Organisationen har arbetat med den agila utvecklingsetoden Scrum i ett antal år. De har gjortmedvetna och omedvetna val, för att skapa sin version av Scrum. Frågan som studienförsöker svara på är om det verkligen innebär att man arbetar agilt, när man säger attman arbetar med en agil systemutvecklingsmetod.

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