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  • 18101.
    Österström, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Dimberg, Jan
    Fransén, Karin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Expression of cytosolic and group X secretory phospholipase A2 genes in human colorectal adenocarcinomas2002In: Cancer Letters, ISSN 0304-3835, E-ISSN 1872-7980, Vol. 182, no 2, p. 175-182Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gene expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and protein level of secretory PLA2 group X (sPLA2-X) are upregulated in human colorectal cancer and provide cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with arachidonic acid, resulting in increased levels of PGE2. Mutated ras-genes are suggested to be involved in the regulatory pathway of cPLA2 in lung cancer cells. We analysed the gene expression of cPLA2 and sPLA2-X in 42 and 38 primary colorectal tumours, respectively, with and without K-ras mutations. We found an up-regulation of cPLA2 mRNA but the induction in tumour tissues does not correlate with Ras-gene mutations. Moreover, our results cannot consistently reflect an overexpression of sPLA2-X gene in colorectal cancer tissues.

  • 18102.
    Östgren, Carl Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Eliasson, Björn
    Sahlgenska Göteborg .
    Vem ska bära ansvaret för behandlingen av typ 2-diabetes?2008In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 105, no 36, p. 2432-2432Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 18103.
    Östgren, Carl Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sjöblom, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tengblad, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Löfgren, Ulla-Britt
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Rosenqvist, Ulf
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Department of Medical Specialist.
    Mölstad, Sigvard
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fördel minska diabetesbehandling hos svårt multisjuka med lågt HbA1c: Positiva resultat från utsättningsstudie bland äldre i särskilt boende2009In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 106, no 24-25, p. 1649-1651Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Hypoglykemier kan orsaka försämring av intellektuella funktioner och ge symtom som oro och agitation. Äldre multisjuka patienter torde vara särskilt känsliga för sådana bieffekter.

    Vi har på patienter med typ 2-diabetes i särskilt boende genomfört en öppen strukturerad utsättningsstudie av insulin och perorala diabetesläkemedel hos patienter med HbA1c ≤6,0 procent.

    Av de 32 patienter som fick sina diabetesläkemedel minskade eller utsatta kunde 24 fullfölja studien. I denna grupp steg HbA1c under stu­dien från 5,2 procent till måttliga 5,8 procent efter såväl 3 som 6 månader.

    Resultaten bör kunna tjäna som stöd för att under kontrollerade former minska eller avveckla diabetesbehandlingen i livets slutskede hos svårt mul­ti­sjuka patien­­ter med låga HbA1c-nivåer.

  • 18104.
    Östgren, Carl Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Finspång, Primary Health Care Centre.
    Sundstrom, J
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Svennblad, B
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Lohm, L
    AstraZeneca Nord, Sweden .
    Nilsson, P M
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Johansson, G
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Associations of HbA1c and educational level with risk of cardiovascular events in 32871 drug-treated patients with Type2 diabetes: a cohort study in primary care2013In: Diabetic Medicine, ISSN 0742-3071, E-ISSN 1464-5491, Vol. 30, no 5, p. E170-E177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims To explore the association of HbA1c and educational level with risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with Type2 diabetes. Methods A cohort of 32871 patients with Type2 diabetes aged 35years and older identified by extracting data from electronic patient records for all patients who had a diagnosis of Type2 diabetes and had glucose-lowering agents prescribed between 1999 and 2009 at 84 primary care centres in Sweden. Associations of mean HbA1c levels and educational level with risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality were analysed. Results The associations of HbA1c with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were J-shaped, with the lowest risk observed for cardiovascular mortality at an HbA1c level of 51mmol/mol (6.8%) for subjects on oral agents and 56mmol/mol (7.3%) in insulin-treated patients. The lowest risk observed for all-cause mortality was at an HbA1c level of 51mmol/mol (6.8%) for subjects on oral agents and 56mmol/mol (7.3%) in insulin-treated patients. There was an increased risk for cardiovascular death [hazard ratio1.6 (1.22.1), P=0.0008] at the lowest HbA1c decile for subjects in the low education category. For subjects with higher education there was no evident J curve for cardiovascular death [hazard ratio1.2 (0.81.6), P=0.3873]. Conclusions Our results lend support to the recent American Diabetes Association/ European Association for the Study of Diabetes position statement that emphasizes the importance of additional factors, including the propensity for hypoglycaemia, which should influence HbA1c targets and treatment choices for individual patients. (Clinical Trials Registry No; NCT 01121315)

  • 18105.
    Östgren, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Engström, Sven
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland.
    Heurgren, M
    Uppsala.
    Borgquist, Lars
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Healthcare utilization is substantial for patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care: A patient-level study in a Swedish municipality2006In: European Journal of General Practice, ISSN 1381-4788, E-ISSN 1751-1402, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 83-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    [No abstract available]

  • 18106.
    Östgren, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Grodzinsky, Ewa
    Fou Linköping.
    Lindström, K
    Fou Jönköping.
    Borgquist, Lars
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice.
    Self monitoring of blood glucose and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.2004In: diabetes,2004, 2004, p. 47-47Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 18107.
    Östgren, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Hallgren, Ing-Marie
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Löfgren, Ulla-Britt
    Leder ett nationellt kvalitetsregister för diabetes till bättre medicinsk kvalitet?2005In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 102, no 21, p. 1660-1661Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18108.
    Östgren, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Lindblad, U
    Melander, O
    Groop, L
    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gammaPro12Ala polymorphism and the association with blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: Skaraborg hypertension and diabetes project2003In: Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0263-6352, E-ISSN 1473-5598, Vol. 21, no 9, p. 1657-62Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18109.
    Östgren, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Merlo, J
    Rastam, L
    lindblad, U
    Atrial fibrillation and its association with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in a Swedish community2004In: Diabetes/Metabolism Research Reviews, ISSN 1520-7552, E-ISSN 1520-7560, Vol. 6, no 5, p. 367-74Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18110.
    Östgren, Carl-Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland.
    Tengblad, A
    Grodzinsky, Ewa
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Lindström, Kjell
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice.
    Borgquist, Lars
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, General Practice. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Kostnad och nytta av egenkontroller av blodsocker hos patienter med typ 2 diabetes i primärvården.2005In: Svenska läkaresällskapets riksstämma,2005, 2005Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 18111.
    Östh, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Öst, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kjölhede, Preben
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Strålfors, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    The Concentration of beta-Carotene in Human Adipocytes, but Not the Whole-Body Adipocyte Stores, Is Reduced in Obesity2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 85610-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have examined the concentration of beta-carotene in the fat of isolated abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes obtained from lean (BMIless than23 kg/m(2)), non-obese with higher BMI (23 less than= BMIless than28 kg/m(2)), obese (BMI greater than= 28 kg/m(2)), and from a group of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. The concentration of b-carotene was 50% lower in the adipocytes from the obese and obese/diabetic groups compared with the lean and non-obese groups. Interestingly, the total amount of beta-carotene in the adipocyte stores of each subject was constant among all groups. Triacylglycerol constituted 92 +/- 1% (by weight) of the adipocyte lipids in the lean group and this was increased to 99 +/- 2% in the obese group with diabetes (pless than0.05). The concentration of cholesteryl esters was in all cases less than0.1 g per 100 g of total lipids, demonstrating that mature human adipocytes have negligible stores of cholesteryl ester. Our findings demonstrate that adipocyte concentrations of beta-carotene are reduced in obese subjects. The lower concentrations in adipocytes from subjects with type 2 diabetes apparently reflect subjects obesity. Our finding that whole-body stores of beta-carotene in adipocytes are constant raises new questions regarding what function it serves, as well as the mechanisms for maintaining constant levels in the face of varied adipose tissue mass among individuals over a period of time.

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  • 18112.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Antibiotic consumption, Detection and Resistance Epidemiology2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging worldwide and they are frequently multi-drug resistant, thus limiting treatment options for infections caused by these pathogens.

    The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Swedish county.

    First, we developed a molecular method, a multiplex PCR assay for identification of SHV, TEM and CTX-M genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with an ESBL phenotype.

    From 2002 until the end of 2007 all isolates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Östergötland, Sweden were further investigated. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was low, <1%, but increasing,while the antibiotic consumption remained unchanged. CTX-M enzymes, particularly CTX-M group 1, dominate in our region as well as in the rest of Europe.

    Furthermore, we have investigated antimicrobial susceptibility by performing MIC-testing in a large, well-characterized population of CTX-M-producing E. coli. Only three oral antimicrobial agents (fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and mecillinam) demonstrated susceptibility above 90%. High susceptibility, >90%, was also demonstrated for carbapenems, colistin, tigecycline and amikacin. Sixty-eight per cent of ESBL-producing E. coli was multi-resistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was the ESBL phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tobramycin. Isolates belonging to CTX-M group 9 are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than the CTX-M group 1-producing E. coli.

    Finally, a prospective multicentre case-control study examined the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in faecal samples before and after travel abroad and the risk factors of acquisition. Sixty-eight of 226 travellers (30%) had ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the faecal flora. The geographical area visited had the highest impact on acquisition, with highest the risk for travellers visiting the Indian subcontinent, followed by Asia and Africa north of the equator. Also, acquisition of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae during travel is associated with abdominal symptoms such as diarrhoea. Age also seemed to affect the risk of acquiring ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the highest risks were found among travellers ≥ 65 years.

    This thesis has contributed to increased understanding of the epidemiology of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their susceptibility to both beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam agents.

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    Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Antibiotic consumption, Detection and Resistance Epidemiology
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  • 18113.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Monstein, Hans-Jurg
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    In vitro susceptibility of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli to non-beta-lactam agentsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli, to determine the occurrence of multiresistance and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance among these isolates.

    Methods: A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with ESBL phenotype and mainly CTX-M genotype, were studied. The MICs for amikacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, tobramycin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated.

    Results: ≥95% of isolates were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecyclin, and fosfomycin. CTX-M group 9 was more susceptible than CTX-M group 1 to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. 68% of the isolates were multiresistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was ESBL-phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and  tobramycin. Only one isolate carried a qnrS1-gene, nine isolates carried aac(6’)-Ib-cr.

    Conclusions: The high frequency of multi-resistance found in this study is alarming and it is urgent to find strategies to limit the emergence and spread of these multi-resistant strains.

  • 18114.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Monstein, Hans-Jürg
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Lennart E.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    High frequency of co-resistance in CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, with the exception of amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin, in a county of Sweden2013In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 271-278Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli in a county of Sweden, and to determine the occurrence of multi-resistance and plasmid- mediated quinolone resistance among these isolates. Methods: A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and mainly CTX-M genotype were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amikacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated. Results: Ninety-five percent or more of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. CTX-M group 9 was more susceptible than CTX-M group 1 to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Sixty-eight percent of the isolates were multi-resistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was ESBL phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Only 1 isolate carried a qnrS1 gene, but 37% carried aac(6')-Ib-cr. Conclusions: A high frequency of co-resistance between ESBL-producing E. coli and non-beta-lactam antibiotics was seen. On the other hand, very high susceptibility was seen for amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. These data support the replacement of gentamicin and tobramycin, normally used in Sweden, with amikacin, for severe infections.

  • 18115.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Maud
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Anita
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases in Östergötland.
    Monstein, Hans-Jurg
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Biological Techniques.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic consumption in a county of Sweden2010In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 42, no 11-12, p. 831-838Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last decade extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become an increasing problem. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic use in the county of Ostergotland, Sweden. From 2002 through 2007 there were 224 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and 23 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with an ESBL-phenotype identified among all Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the clinical laboratory. Trends in antibiotic consumption expressed as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and day (DID) were studied. The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae in our region is still low (andlt; 1%). Patients with ESBL-producing E. coli increased significantly (p andlt; 0.001) from 5 in y 2002 to 47 in y 2007. CTX-M group 1 was the dominant enzyme group in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole revealed that 58% of E. coli and 50% of K. pneumoniae isolates were multi-resistant. Antibiotic use remained unchanged from 2001 through 2009, but there was a trend towards increased use of drugs with low ESBL selection potential, which was probably due to the increased prevalence of ESBL producers.

  • 18116.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Maud
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Lennart E.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Travel-associated faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: incidence and risk factors2013In: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, ISSN 0305-7453, E-ISSN 1460-2091, Vol. 68, no 9, p. 2144-2153Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To study the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) among the faecal flora during travel, with a focus on risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility and ESBL-encoding genes.

    Methods An observational prospective multicentre cohort study of individuals attending vaccination clinics in south-east Sweden was performed, in which the submission of faecal samples and questionnaires before and after travelling outside Scandinavia was requested. Faecal samples were screened for ESBL-PE by culturing on ChromID ESBL and an in-house method. ESBL-PE was confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Susceptibility testing was performed with the Etest. Individuals who acquired ESBL-PE during travel (travel-associated carriers) were compared with non-carriers regarding risk factors, and unadjusted and adjusted ORs after manual stepwise elimination were calculated using logistic regression.

    Results Of 262 enrolled individuals, 2.4% were colonized before travel. Among 226 evaluable participants, ESBL-PE was detected in the post-travel samples from 68 (30%) travellers. The most important risk factor in the final model was the geographic area visited: Indian subcontinent (OR 24.8, P < 0.001), Asia (OR 8.63, P < 0.001) and Africa north of the equator (OR 4.94, P  = 0.002). Age and gastrointestinal symptoms also affected the risk significantly. Multiresistance was seen in 77 (66%) of the ESBL-PE isolates, predominantly a combination of reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides. The most common species and ESBL-encoding gene were Escherichia coli (90%) and CTX-M (73%), respectively.

    Conclusion Acquisition of multiresistant ESBL-PE among the faecal flora during international travel is common. The geographical area visited has the highest impact on ESBL-PE acquisition.

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  • 18117.
    Östling, Ann
    et al.
    Landstinget Västmanland.
    Weitz, Per
    Landstinget Västmanland.
    Bäckman, Karin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine.
    Garpenby, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics.
    Öppna prioriteringar i Landstinget Västmanland2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Landstinget Västmanland genomförde under 2009 en öppen prioriteringsprocess. I landstinget hade en medvetenhet vuxit fram bland politiker, högre tjänstemän och medarbetare om att de traditionella metoderna ‒ såsom att förändra strukturer, effektivisera och rationalisera ‒ inte räckte som verktyg för en bra resursfördelning.

    Motivet för landstinget att påbörja detta arbete var främst de stora utmaningar som väntade i form av ökade medicinska möjligheter som gör att fler människor kan bli föremål för insatser från hälso- och sjukvården. Ett medel för landstinget att möta detta var öppna prioriteringar – såväl vertikalt (inom verksamheter och specialiteter) som horisontellt (mellan verksamheter och specialiteter). Samtliga partier inom såväl majoritet som opposition ställde sig bakom processen. Syftet med prioriteringsprocessen var att den skulle bidra till en mer rättvis öppen fördelning av landstingets tillgängliga resurser. Arbetet med "Öppna prioriteringar", som processen kom att kallas, ingick också som en del av en större förändringsprocess inom landstinget – som gick under namnet HOPP (Helhet Och PatientPerspektiv.

    I denna rapport presenteras planeringen och genomförandet av prioriteringsprocessen i Landstinget Västmanland 2009/2010. Beskrivningen bygger till största delen på erfarenheter sammanställda av landstingets två projektledare. I Appendix presenteras även delar av den uppföljning av arbetet som Prioriteringscentrum gjorde genom enkäter till olika aktörer i prioriteringsarbetet.

    Ett viktigt inslag i förberedelsearbetet var att genomföra ett antal studiebesök i landsting som tidigare genomfört prioriteringsarbeten, såsom Västerbottens läns landsting, Landstinget Kronoberg och Jämtlands läns landsting. Avsikten var att ta fasta på deras erfarenheter och överväga dessa inför byggandet av den egna prioriteringsprocessen. Det som kom att utmärka Västmanlands prioriteringsprocess var ansträngningarna att skapa en process där intern öppenhet och interaktion mellan många olika parter stod i fokus; verksamhetsföreträdare, politiker och koncernledningen. Förutsättningar för insyn och dialog skapades genom att de tillsammans arbetade med förslagen fram till slutresultatet.

    Den 15 januari 2010 fattade Landstingsstyrelsen i Västmanland slutligen det formella beslutet om vilka objekt som skulle ingå i listan över öppna prioriteringar som arbetats fram. Beslutsunderlaget omfattade såväl effektiviseringsobjekt som prioriteringsobjekt, motsvarande 2,4 procent av nettobudgeten, i siffror 106 miljoner kronor.

     

    Den lista över prioriteringsobjekt som slutligen presenterades för verksamheterna och för allmänheten innehöll ca 160 objekt fördelade under fyra olika rubriker:

    1.  Objekt för bortprioritering

    2.  Objekt med lägre ambitionsnivå alternativt högre indikationsnivå

    3.  Objekt som underlag för dialog med framför allt kommunerna

    4.  Objekt som rörde avgifter och bidrag.

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    Öppna prioriteringar i Landstinget Västmanland
  • 18118.
    Östlund, G
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Cedersund, E
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of health and environment.
    Alexanderson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Hensing, Gunnel
    It was really nice to have someone: Lay people with musculoskeletal disorders request supportive relationships in rehabilitation2001In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 285-291Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims : To explore the lay person's perspective on the rehabilitation process. Methods : A total of 20 interviews were conducted with women and men who had recent or more distant experience of sickness absence with musculoskeletal diagnoses. Grounded theory was used, which includes an inductive approach and theoretical sampling. The interviews focused on the individuals' own stories and experiences of factors that promoted or hindered the rehabilitation process. Results : The interviewees emphasized how and by whom they had been treated rather than what type of rehabilitation programmes they had attended. They focused on the importance of supportive relationships from the private, occupational, and health care arenas. The relationship with rehabilitation agents (professionals who implemented rehabilitation) was described as having either supportive or non-supportive qualities. Based on the interviewees' descriptions, a model was developed on the socioemotional qualities of the rehabilitation agent. The most promoting factor in the rehabilitation process was to have a professional mentor that is a rehabilitation agent who combines a supportive approach with individually chosen rehabilitation measures and goals. Conclusions : The lay person's perspective gave additional knowledge regarding rehabilitation and recovery from musculoskeletal disorders. The socioemotional qualities of the rehabilitation agents were emphasized by the interviewees and a model regarding these qualities was developed. This model needs to be tested further. A clinical implication of the present study is the need for rehabilitation agents to develop their communication skills further.

  • 18119.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Promoting return to work: lay experiences after sickness absence with musculoskeletal diagnoses2002Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders constitute the greatest cause of sickness absence from work. Despite research and efforts at rehabilitation, sickness absence due to these disorders has not decreased, but has instead increased, particularly in women. Clients’ perceptions of care and rehabilitation, i.e. knowledge generated from a lay perspective, is a neglected area of research. This thesis deals with lay experiences of rehabilitation following sickness absence due to back, neck or shoulder problems, termed musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).

    Aim: The overall aim was to examine hindering and promoting processes in rehabilitation after sickness absence due to MSD from a lay perspective. Specific aims were to study how lay persons experience rehabilitation agents and rehabilitation activities (paper I), how they describe themselves and their experience in relation to work (paper II), the significance of the private arena regarding return to work (paper III), and how clients who have experienced sickness absence due to MSD perceive contact with rehabilitation agents (paper IV).

    Method: The study population in the four papers is part of a cohort of persons living in the same municipality and who in 1985 were aged 25-34 years and were sick-listed due to back, neck or shoulder diagnoses for 28 days or  more, n=213. During 1995, 148 persons in the cohort responded to a questionnaire, and in 1997-1998, 20 of these persons were interviewed concerning their experiences with rehabilitation. In papers I, II and III the qualitative method of Grounded Theory was used with a focus on creating an empirically-based theory concerning the area under study. Data collection was strategic and analysis of the tape-recorded interviews was done on a continual basis. How previously sick-listed persons experienced contact with professional rehabilitation agents in t he health care sector and social insurance office was investigated in paper IV. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data in this study.

    Results: The interview study shed light on lay persons’ experiences with medical, social and work-related measures in rehabilitation, their perceptions of rehabilitation actors and family members in relation to rehabilitation, and their self-presentations. The descriptions of lay persons concerned three arenas, the health care arena, the occupational arena, and the private arena. Dilemmas and difficulties in these arenas were described, such as handling the duty to work, experiencing domestic strain, and the experience of lacking socioemotional support from significant persons during the rehabilitation process. In paper I some ideal types of rehabilitation agents emerged from the interviewees’ descriptions concerning the health care arena, and we called these the routine bureaucrat, the empathic administrator, the distant technician, and the professional mentor. The latter agent was requested and was described as a person who could provide socioemotional support, who had professional competence, and who could function as a unifying link during the rehabilitation process. The results from paper II showed that in their self-presentations, the interviewees expressed having a duty to work and that there were differences in how they handled this sense of duty. The selfpresentations contained descriptions of work as a part of personal identity and could be summarised in the following ideal types: the work manic, the workhorse, the workaholic and the relaxed worker. The latter used a strategy that can be considered to promote rehabilitation in that the individual himself/herself had control over his/her work and worked in accordance with his/her own needs rather than those of others. Paper III focused on the private arena. Different patterns were found in the experiences of men and women. Women related that their responsibility for the home and domestic work seldom left any time for themselves, including any time for rehabilitation. Men more often reported having time for themselves that could be used for leisure activities and rehabilitation. Some of the women said that they lacked socioemotional support from their partner and that they had a great deal of responsibility for housework, which seemed to be a hindrance in returning to work after sickness absence. Furthermore, these women, like most of the men, had little education, which could make finding other work alternatives more difficult. Based on the interviews, a hypothesis was developed regarding domestic strain that is related to the distribution of domestic work, the distribution of responsibility for the home, and the quality of the marital relationship. Paper IV dealt with clients’ perceptions of contact with rehabilitation agents in health care and the social insurance office. Three latent dimensions were found in the respondents’ ratings of these contacts: supportive treatment, distant treatment, and empowering treatment. Sex, disability pension status, mental health and diagnostic group were significantly related to how these dimensionswere rated. Women perceived the treatment from both types of rehabilitation agents as more supportive than men. Contact with the social insurance offices were rated higher by persons with disability pensions than by those who had returned to work. Men rated their contact with rehabilitation agents at social insurance offices high on the dimension of distant treatment. Respondents with mental health problems rated the contact as distant for both types of rehabilitation agents, but contact with health care was also scored low on the supportive dimension. Finally, respondents with neck/shoulder diagnoses rated contact with rehabilitation agents in health care as more empowering than was done by persons with back diagnoses.

    Conclusions: From a lay perspective rehabilitation following sickness absence due to MSD occured in three arenas, the health care arena, the occupational arena and the private arena, where the quality of relationships both with rehabilitation agents, persons at work and in one’s private life was described as important regarding the rehabilitation process. This thesis also showed that both sex and health were important factors regarding how lay persons’ perceived contacts with rehabilitation agents during the rehabilitation process following sickness absence due to MSD.

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    Promoting return to work: Lay experiences after sickness
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  • 18120.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna, Sweden .
    Björk, Mathilda
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Center. Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Thyberg, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Thyberg, Mikael
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Pain and Rehabilitation Center.
    Valtersson, Eva
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Stenström, Birgitta
    Swedish Rheumatism Association, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Sverker, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Emotions related to participation restrictions as experienced by patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative interview study (the Swedish TIRA project)2014In: Clinical Rheumatology, ISSN 0770-3198, E-ISSN 1434-9949, Vol. 33, no 10, p. 1403-1413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Psychological distress is a well-known complication in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but knowledge regarding emotions and their relationship to participation restrictions is scarce. The objective of the study was to explore emotions related to participation restrictions by patients with early RA. In this study, 48 patients with early RA, aged 20-63 years, were interviewed about participation restrictions using the critical incident technique. Information from transcribed interviews was converted into dilemmas and linked to International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) participation codes. The emotions described were condensed and categorized. Hopelessness and sadness were described when trying to perform daily activities such as getting up in the mornings and getting dressed, or not being able to perform duties at work. Sadness was experienced in relation to not being able to continue leisure activities or care for children. Examples of fear descriptions were found in relation to deteriorating health and fumble fear, which made the individual withdraw from activities as a result of mistrusting the body. Anger and irritation were described in relation to domestic and employed work but also in social relations where the individual felt unable to continue valued activities. Shame or embarrassment was described when participation restrictions became visible in public. Feelings of grief, aggressiveness, fear, and shame are emotions closely related to participation restrictions in everyday life in early RA. Emotions related to disability need to be addressed both in clinical settings in order to optimize rehabilitative multi-professional interventions and in research to achieve further knowledge.

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  • 18121.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, Sverige.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Thyberg, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Thyberg, Mikael
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Pain and Rehabilitation Center.
    Valtersson, Eva
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Sverker, Annette M.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Men’s strategies of handling RA: (The Swedish TIRA study)2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 18122.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, Sverige.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Rehabilitation Center.
    Valtersson, Eva
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Sverker, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Intimate relationships as perceived by patients with early rheumatoid arthritis:: A qualitative interview study (The Swedish TIRA study)2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18123.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, Sweden.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Valtersson, Eva
    Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Sverker, Annette M.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Upplevelser av hur intima relationer påverkas vid tidig reumatoid artrit: En intervjustudie inom TIRA-projektet.2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18124.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, Sweden.
    Björk, Matilda
    Jönköpings hälsohögskola, Sverige.
    Thyberg, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Valtersson, Eva
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Stenström, Birgitta
    Svenska reumatologförbundet, Sverige.
    Sverker, Annette M.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Central County.
    Emotions related to participation restrictions experienced by patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative interview study (The Swedish TIRA study)2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18125.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Borg, Karin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Wide, P
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Hensing, G
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Alexandersson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Client´s perceptions of their contacts with rehabilitation agents - reports from persons with exeriences of back, neck, or shoulder disorders2002In: Seventh International Congress of behavioral Medicine 28-31 Augusti 2002,2002, 2002, p. 304-304Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18126.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Society, Diversity, Identity . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Borg, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Wide, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Hensing, Gunnel
    Department of Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
    Alexandersson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Client’s perceptions of contacts with professionals within health care and social insurance offices2003In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 275-282Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: An increasing number of people interact with professionals within healthcare and social insurance offices during periods of sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. Knowledge of clients' perceptions of such contact is scarce. This study analysed clients' perceptions of their contact with professionals within healthcare and social insurance offices.

    Methods: A cohort study was conducted in the municipality of Linköping, Sweden. Participants were all citizens who in 1985 were aged 25 - 34 years and had at least one new sick-leave spell due to back, neck, or shoulder diagnoses exceeding 28 days (n=213). In 1996, 11 years after inclusion, a questionnaire about perception of contact with professionals, self-perceived health, and mental health was administered. Register data on sickness absence and disability pension from 1985 - 96 were also obtained.

    Results: Factor analysis indicated the existence of three dimensions of contact with professionals: supportive treatment, distant treatment, and empowering treatment. Women perceived their contact with both social insurance officers and healthcare professionals as more supportive than did the men. Respondents with disability pensions perceived their contact with social insurance officers as more supportive and empowering than persons without disability pensions. Respondents with mental health problems perceived their contact with both types of professionals as more distant. Respondents with neck/shoulder diagnoses perceived their contact with healthcare professionals as more empowering than respondents with low back diagnoses.

    Conclusion: There was a relationship between clients' perceptions of contact with professionals and the sex, disability pension, diagnosis, and mental health of clients.

  • 18127.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Cedersund, Elisabet
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Welfare and Care (IVV).
    Hensing, G
    Göteborg.
    Alexandersson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science.
    Developing a typology of the 'duty to work', as experienced by lay persons with musculoskeletal disorders2002In: International Journal of Social Welfare, ISSN 1369-6866, E-ISSN 1468-2397, Vol. 11, no 2, p. 150-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Musculoskeletal diagnoses account for the majority of cases of reduced work capacity. This article investigates lay persons' strategies in relation to work and musculoskeletal disorders. Twenty interviews were conducted and analysed using grounded theory. A typology of self-presentations was developed. The interviewees' self-presentations revealed a strong sense of a 'duty to work'. This sense of duty took four different forms, leading us to categorise persons expressing particular forms as workaholics, work manics, workhorses or relaxed workers. Relaxed workers seem to have the best prognosis for recovery as they had a confident self-agency and worked to fulfil their own needs rather than those of others. This was in contrast to work manics, with an uncertain self-agency and driven to work by others' needs. In conclusion, awareness of such linguistic forms as self-attributions and idiomatic phrases provides an opportunity to identify and talk about individual's self-agency and driving forces in the recovery process.

  • 18128.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Welfare and Care (IVV).
    Cedersund, Elisabet
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Welfare and Care (IVV).
    Hensing, Gunnel
    Göteborgs Universitet.
    Alexanderson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society.
    Domestic strain: A hindrance in rehabilitation?2004In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 49-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Long-term sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders has increased, especially for women. The aim of this paper was to explore women's and men's descriptions of the private arena in relation to rehabilitation and sickness absence. This study is part of a larger project focusing on consequences of sick leave. Individual interviews were conducted in 1997 and 1998 with 20 women and men who had been long-term sick-listed in 1985 with musculo-skeletal diagnoses. The data were analysed using Grounded theory in combination with gender analysis, which involved separately comparing men's and women's statements in order to find similarities and differences. According to the interviewees, factors in the private arena were closely associated with the rehabilitation process. Women described themselves as being responsible for the domestic work while men more often 'helped out' when asked to do so. Women and men described similar strategies to facilitate domestic work. Three dimensions of domestic life were identified, comprising division of domestic work and division of responsibility for domestic life and the amount of socio-emotional support or isolation at home. Using these dimensions, a 'domestic strain model' was developed. Our study indicates that long-term sicklisted women experiencing domestic strain would rather stay at home than return to work. Domestic strain involves inequities in the division of work and responsibilities and a lack of socio-emotional support at home. However, the model of domestic strain needs further empirical testing.

  • 18129.
    Östlund, Gunnel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Sverker, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Björk, Mathilda
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Thyberg, Ingela
    Thyberg, Mikael
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Pain and Rehabilitation Center.
    Valtersson, Eva
    Stenström, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences.
    Känslor relaterade till delaktighet begränsningar – erfarenheter från patienter med reumatoid artrit,en kvalitativ intervjustudie2014In: Reumatologi, no 18Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18130.
    Östlund, Nils
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Rehabilitation Medicine.
    Gerdle, Björn
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Rehabilitation Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre.
    Karlsson, Stefan
    Umeå Universitetssjukhus.
    Location of innervation zone determined with multichannel surface electromyography using an optical flow technique2007In: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology, ISSN 1050-6411, E-ISSN 1873-5711, Vol. 17, no 5, p. 549-555Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multichannel surface electromyography has developed towards more channels and higher spatial resolution. This allows the study of multichannel electromyograms as images of the potential distribution on the skin. In this paper, a method that estimates the motion of the potential distribution using an optical-flow-based technique is introduced. The optical flow is a vector field that describes how images change with time. The aim of this study was to introduce a new method for innervation zone (IZ) localization and to evaluate its performance. The new method was compared with a method that uses the position of the lowest root-mean-square (RMS) value in an electrode array as an estimate of the IZ localization. Comparisons were made with both simulated signals and with recorded multichannel electromyogram signals. Simulations showed that the methods performed similarly for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and that the optical-flow-based method was superior for lower SNR. When the experimental signals were used, localization with the optical-flow-based method gave a mean absolute deviation of 2.4 mm from the location given by an expert group. The lowest RMS method gave a significantly higher deviation (13.6 mm). Due to the low computational complexity of the optical flow algorithm it is possible to get the estimations of the IZ localization in real time. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 18131.
    Östlund, Nils
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine .
    Yu, J.
    Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Centre of Biostochastics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Karlsson, J.S.
    Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, University Hospital, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden, Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Adaptive spatio-temporal filtering of multichannel surface EMG signals2006In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 44, no 3, p. 209-215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A motor unit (MU) is defined as an anterior horn cell, its axon, and the muscle fibres innervated by the motor neuron. A surface electromyogram (EMG) is a superposition of many different MU action potentials (MUAPs) generated by active MUs. The objectives of this study were to introduce a new adaptive spatio-temporal filter, here called maximum kurtosis filter (MKF), and to compare it with existing filters, on its performance to detect a single MUAP train from multichannel surface EMG signals. The MKF adaptively chooses the filter coefficients by maximising the kurtosis of the output. The proposed method was compared with five commonly used spatial filters, the weighted low-pass differential filter (WLPD) and the marginal distribution of a continuous wavelet transform. The performance was evaluated using simulated EMG signals. In addition, results from a multichannel surface EMG measurement fro from a subject who had been previously exposed to radiation due to cancer were used to demonstrate an application of the method. With five time lags of the MKF, the sensitivity was 98.7% and the highest sensitivity of the traditional filters was 86.8%, which was obtained with the WLPD. The positive predictivities of these filters were 87.4 and 80.4%, respectively. Results from simulations showed that the proposed spatio-temporal filtration technique significantly improved performance as compared with existing filters, and the sensitivity and the positive predictivity increased with an increase in number of time lags in the filter. © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2006.

  • 18132.
    Östlund, Nils
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Rehabilitation Medicine.
    Yu, J
    Roeleveld, K
    Karlsson, J. S
    Adaptive spatial filtering of multichannel surface electromyogram signals2004In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 42, no 6, p. 825-831Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spatial filtering of surface electromyography (EMG) signals can be used to enhance single motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). Traditional spatial filters for surface EMG do not take into consideration that some electrodes could have poor skin contact. In contrast to the traditional a priori defined filters, this study introduces an adaptive spatial filtering method that adapts to the signal characteristics. The adaptive filter, the maximum kurtosis filter (MKF), was obtained by using the linear combination of surrounding channels that maximises kurtosis. The MKF and conventional filters were applied to simulated EMG signals and to real EMG signals recorded with an electrode grid to evaluate their performance in detecting single motor units. The MKF was compared with conventional spatial filtering methods. Simulated signals, with different levels of spatially correlated noise, were used for comparison. The influence of one electrode with poor skin contact was also investigated. The MKF was found to be considerably better at enhancing a single MUAP than conventional methods for all levels of spatial correlation of the noise. For a spatial correlation of 0.97 of the noise, the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio, where a MUAP could be detected, was at least 6 dB. With a simulated poor skin contact for one electrode, the improvement over the other methods was at least. 19 dB.

  • 18133. Östman, J
    et al.
    Landin-Olsson, M
    Törn, C
    Palmer, J
    Lernmark, Å
    Arnqvist, Hans
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Internal Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC-2, GE: endomed.
    Björk, E
    Bolinder, J
    Blohmé, G
    Eriksson, J
    Littorin, B
    Nyström, L
    Scherstén, B
    Sundkvist, G
    Wibell, L
    Ketoacidosis in young adults is not related to the islet antibodies at the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus - A nationwide study2000In: Diabetic Medicine, ISSN 0742-3071, E-ISSN 1464-5491, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 269-274Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: To test the hypothesis that there is lower prevalence of islet antibodies in subjects with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes mellitus in young adulthood than in children is associated with less severe diabetes at time of diagnosis. Methods: This investigation was based on a nationwide study (Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden) of 15-34-year-old newly diagnosed diabetic subjects. During 1992-1993, all diabetic subjects (excluding secondary and gestational diabetes) were reported on standardized forms, with information about clinical characteristics at diagnosis. The study examined islet cell antibodies (ICA) by indirect immunofluorescence, and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase- like antigen (IA-2A) and insulin (IAA) as well as C-peptide by radioimmunoassay. Results: Blood samples were available from 78 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and 517 non-acidotic patients. The prevalence of ICA (63% vs. 57%), GADA (63% vs. 66%), IA-2A (35% vs. 44%) and IAA (20% vs. 15%) were very similar in patients with or without DKA. The median levels of the four autoantibodies did not differ between the two groups. High blood glucose (P < 0.001) and low C-peptide levels (P < 0.001) were the only parameters found to be related to DKA. Conclusions: The similarities in findings of newly diagnosed diabetic patients with or without DKA regarding ICA, GADA, IA-2A and IAA suggest that there is no relationship between the expression of antigenicity and the severity of ▀-cell dysfunction. The lower prevalence of the four autoantibodies in 15-34-year-old diabetic subjects compared with previous findings in children is not explained by misclassification of diabetes type.

  • 18134. Östman, J
    et al.
    Lönnberg, G
    Arnqvist, Hans
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Blohme, G
    Bolinder, A
    Ekbom Schnell, J W
    Eriksson, J W
    Gudbjornsdottir, S
    Sundkvist, G
    Nystrom, L
    Gender differences and temporal variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes: Results of 8012 cases in the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden 1983-20022008In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 263, no 4, p. 386-394Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives. To establish the gender difference amongst newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients aged 15-34 years, considering age at diagnosis, temporal trend and seasonal variation at time of diagnosis. Study design. A population-based prospective study with a mean annual population at risk of 2.3 million. Setting. All departments of medicine, endocrinology and paediatrics and primary health care units in Sweden. Subjects. Incident cases of diabetes aged 15-34 years at diagnosis 1983-2002. Measure instrument. Basic characteristics of patients at diagnosis were reported by the diagnosing doctor on a standardized form. Level of ascertainment was estimated at 80-90%. Results. Amongst all incident cases (n = 8012), 74% was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The mean annual incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 12.7/100 000, in men 16.4/100 000 and in women 8.9/100 000. The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased slowly by increasing age but was in all age groups higher in men, yielding an overall male/female ratio of 1.8. In both genders the incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased in average of 1.0% per year. A seasonal pattern with significantly higher incidence during January-March and lower during May-July was seen in both genders. Conclusions. A clear male predominance of type 1 diabetes was seen in all ages. The temporal trend and the seasonal pattern was similar in men and women. Hence, internal factors related to the gender rather than differences in the exposure to environmental factors seem to explain the consistent male-female bias in the postpubertal risk of developing type 1 diabetes. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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