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  • 151.
    Arnell, Magnus
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden. Lund University, Sweden.
    Rahmberg, Magnus
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Oliveira, Felipe
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Jeppsson, Ulf
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Evaluating Environmental Performance of Operational Strategies at Wastewater Treatment Plants2016In: IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition 2016 (IWA 2016), 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-objectiveperformance assessment of operational strategies at wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) is a challenging task. The holistic perspective applied to evaluationof modern WWTPs, including not only effluent quality but also, resourceefficiency and recovery, global environmental impact and operational cost callsfor assessment methods including both on and off-site effects. In this study amethod combining dynamic process models – including greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and detailed energy models – and life cycle assessment was developed.The method is applied and calibrated to a large Swedish WWTP. In a performanceassessment study changing the operational strategy to chemically enhanced primarytreatment was performed and evaluated. The results show that the primaryobjectives, to enhance bio-methane production and reduce greenhouse gasemissions were reached. Bio-methane production increased by 14% and the globalwarming potential (GWP) decreased by 28%. However, the LCA revealed that due toincreased consumption of precipitation chemicals and additional carbon sourcedosing (methanol) the abiotic depletion of elements and fossil re-sourcesincreased by 77 and 305%, respectively. The results emphasise the importance ofusing plant-wide mechanistic models and life cycle analysis to capture thedynamics of the plant – e.g. dynamics of GHG emissions – and the potentialglobal environmental impact.

  • 152.
    Arnell, Magnus
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Energy and Circular Economy. Lunds university, Sweden.
    Rahmberg, Magnus
    IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Sweden.
    Oliveira, Felipe
    IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Sweden.
    Jeppsson, Ulf
    Lund university, Sweden.
    Multi-objective performance assessment of wastewatertreatment plants combining plant-wide process modelsand life cycle assessment2017In: Journal of Water and Climate Change, ISSN 20402244, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 715-729Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-objective performance assessment of operational strategies at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a challenging task. The holistic perspective applied to evaluation of modern WWTPs, including not only effluent quality but also resource efficiency and recovery, global environmental impact and operational cost calls for assessment methods including both on- and off-site effects. In this study, a method combining dynamic process models – including greenhouse gas (GHG), detailed energy models and operational cost – and life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed. The method was applied and calibrated to a large Swedish WWTP. In a performance assessment study, changing the operational strategy to chemically enhanced primary treatment was evaluated. The results show that the primary objectives, to enhance bio-methane production and reduce GHG emissions were reached. Bio-methane production increased by 14% and the global warming potential decreased by 28%. However, due to increased consumption of chemicals, the operational cost increased by 87% and the LCA revealed that the abiotic depletion of elements and fossil resources increased by 77 and 305%, respectively. The results emphasize the importance of using plant-wide mechanistic models and life cycle analysis to capture both the dynamics of the plant and the potential environmental impacts.

  • 153.
    Arregul, Ane
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Innovative solutions for odours reduction from wastewater treatment.2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 154.
    Arvidsson, Diana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Utredning av avloppsprocessers påverkan på recipientens mikrobiologiska status2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Depending on the efficiency of the processes used in a wastewater treatment plant, the recipient receives watercontaining various concentrations of microorganisms. These microorganisms might infect people using therecipient for recreational purposes. The thesis aims to investigate how some process choices affect the concentrationsof microorganisms in sewage and how the concentration can be monitored with the use of other waterquality measurements. Lastly the microbial degradation after discharge in a lake was investigated. Process choiceswere evaluated through sampling before and after two biological treatment steps, one sand filter facilityand one disc filter facility. The obtained results demonstrate that among the investigated alternatives, a biologicalstep using biofilm is the most efficient for removing microorganisms, followed by sand filtration and leastefficient with high variability was disc filtration. The literature review suggests that the use of ozonation forreducing pharmaceutical residues could be efficient in reducing microorganisms, but the required dosage is notuniformly established in previous research. Statistical analysis on water quality measurements with Kendall’sTau and Partial Least Squares did not appear to be a good substitute to use for monitoring and prediction ofbacterial concentrations. The water quality of the recipient, especially the transparency for UV-light, is moreimportant for maintaining good bathing water quality than the outflow concentration of microorganisms in thesewage. In a small case study, it was shown that an official bathing site is not at risk for acute microbiologicalcontamination even when extreme rainfalls causes overflow in the upstream waste water treatment plant.

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  • 155.
    Arvidsson, Diana
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Cederwall, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Litsmark, Sofia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Sjödell, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Wilson, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Östrand Myrlund, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Digidrick: Utvärdering av behov och begränsningar för digitala lösningar i svenska vattenverk2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sverige anses ha en välfungerande dricksvattenproduktion på grund av stor tillgång på råvatten med god kvalitet. För att kunna möta utmaningarna i framtiden, så som klimatförändringar och en ökad befolkning, krävs en ökad digitalisering på vattenverken för att erhålla en säker dricksvattenproduktion.

    Projektet syftar till att utreda vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns för en ökad digitalisering av övervakning och styrning på svenska vattenverk. Detta har gjorts genom en litteraturstudie som bidragit med kunskap för utformningen av en enkätundersökning där vattenverk fått svara på frågor gällande digitalisering av övervakning och styrning. Enkäten skickades ut till 370 vattenverk i Sverige varav 14 av dessa svarade och utgör underlaget för resultatet i denna rapport. Resultatet visar att samtliga vattenverk som har besvarat enkäten har ett behov av en ökad digitalisering av övervakning och styrning som utgörs av

    • Tidiga varningssystem

    • Förbättrad övervakning

    • Styrning av beredningsprocessen

    • Modeller för processer

    • Förbättrad IT-säkerhet

    Av resultatet framgår även att det finns en viss spridning av vilka behov som vattenverken anser som mest angelägna. I många fall upplever de 14 vattenverken organisatoriska, tekniska och ekonomiska hinder för att implementera eller utveckla digitaliseringen av övervakning och styrning. Den låga svarsfrekvensen gjorde att det inte erhölls en generell bild av svenska vattenverks syn på en ökad digitalisering.

    Inom projektet har även ett modellverktyg för kemisk fällning konstruerats med syfte att undersöka automatisk online-dosering av koaguleringsmedlet Al2(SO4)3* 14 H2O (ALG). En jämförelse mellan online-mätningens direkta dosering och en fördröjd mänsklig dosering har gjorts för att stödja argumentet om varför en automatisk dosering kan vara fördelaktig ur ett ekonomiskt och kvalitetsmässigt perspektiv. Undersökningen visade att det finns möjlighet att spara 330 000 SEK/år i enbart kostnad för ALG, vid en övergång från manuell till automatisk dosering.

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  • 156.
    Ashley, Richard
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Cettner, Annicka
    Viklander, Maria
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Walker, L.
    Sharp, L.
    Westling, E.
    Overcoming barriers in the transition from piped to alternative drainage systems2011Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 157.
    Ashley, Richard
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Walker, Louise
    University of Leeds.
    D.Arcy, Brian
    University of Abertay, Dundee.
    Wilson, Steven
    EPG, Warrington.
    Illmann, Sue
    Illman Young Landscape Design, Cheltenham.
    Shaffer, Paul W.
    Ciria, London.
    Woods-Ballard, Bridget
    HR Wallingford, Wallingford.
    Chatfield, Philip R.
    Welsh Government, Cardiff.
    UK sustainable drainage systems: Past, present and future2015In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engeneers: Civil Engineering, ISSN 0965-089X, E-ISSN 1751-7672, Vol. 168, no 3, p. 125-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Urban drainage has developed from an engineering discipline, concerned principally with public health and safety outcomes, into a multifaceted vision linking drainage with environmental and wider social and economic imperatives to deliver multifunctional outcomes. UK attention is too often focused on surface water as ‘a problem’, despite international progress and initiatives showing that an ‘opportunity-centred’ approach needs to be taken. Sustainable drainage systems, or ‘Suds’, can, when they are part of an integrated approach to water management, cost-effectively provide many benefits beyond management of water quality and quantity. New tools are available that can design Suds for maximum value to society but this requires greater collaboration across disciplines to seize all of the opportunities available. This paper introduces those tools and a roadmap for their use, including guidance, design objectives and criteria for maximising benefits. These new supporting tools and guidance can help to provide a business case for greater use of Suds in future

  • 158.
    Asmoay, Ahmed
    et al.
    Geological Science Department, National Research Centre, Al-Behoos St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
    Mohamed, Ahmed
    Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Abdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
    Alshehri, Fahad
    Abdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
    Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy
    Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska street 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Othman, Abdullah
    Department of Environmental Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia.
    Water quality assessment in dry regions using statistical methods2023In: Journal of King Saud University - Science, ISSN 1018-3647, Vol. 35, no 5, article id 102665Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Water demands have increased even more in recent decades because of the high population density. Surface and groundwater resources are insufficient to meet these demands. As a result, governments have turned to the treatment of sewage water. Sewage water contains multiple types of contamination, creating a major health risk. In the research region, 48 water samples were obtained, including 18 samples of surface water and 30 samples of groundwater. The Canadian Council Water Quality Index (CCWQI) program calculates the water quality index to evaluate the water quality for drinking and human use. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Egyptian Ministry of Health (EMH) determined regulatory limits for drinking water and each value of the investigated parameter connected with them. According to the findings, 79% of the tested water samples are safe to drink and are excellent for human and wildlife use. Due to infiltration or recharging of groundwater with drainage water, as well as the involvement of dissolution, leaching processes, and anthropogenic activities that damage human health, animals, and some plants, these samples are unfit for drinking and domestic consumption. The heavy metal level of Cd and Pb in the examined water samples was found to be above WHO and EMH acceptable limits. Furthermore, due to oral exposures, the examined water samples may cause complex health concerns such as non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic influences for children over adults due to a reduction in children's immunity. As a result, water treatment should be carried out in the examined region to protect the health of the residents.

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  • 159.
    Aspegren, Martina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Rutegård, Regina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Möjligheten att använda Viträsket som vattentäkt: En studie om Runmarös vattensituation2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    According to the UN and Sweden’s environmental objectives it is important to attain a high water quality and a sustainable use of freshwater. More and more people are currently moving out to the archipelago, which increases the use of freshwater on the islands, especially during summer when guests tend to visit as well. Runmarö is an island in Värmdö archipelago where the residents currently only have individual wells and sewage systems. Runmarö is more vulnerable to disruption of the freshwater, compared to the mainland, and if a groundwater shortage were to happen during the summer, it would be a big concern. 

    Using the surface water from one of the island’s lakes could be an alternative to the use of water. The largest lake on the island is named Viträsket and is located on the southern part of Runmarö. Since cold temperatures might affect the water pipes negatively, it is more appropriate to use the seawater from the lake during the summer. In this report it is examined whether seawater can be used as a water supply on Runmarö and if Viträsket is an appropriate water source. For the seawater to be used on the island, the residents will have to form a community facility. 

    Literature studies were conducted to understand the prerequisites on the island and what further investigations could be carried out in this report. A field study was also carried out on the island where residents were interviewed about Runmarö’s current water situation and their thoughts about seawater and community facilities. The tap water was also tested at the interviewee’s homes. A test from Viträsket was collected as well to get a grip of its water quality. Bo Olofsson and Erni Bergenstråhle contributed with existing data of different wells on Runmarö. During the field study, Bergenstråhle was also interviewed about whether it is reasonable to use community facilities and seawater on Runmarö. 

    If the water samples collected from Viträsket and the water taps has a higher percentage than Livsmedelsverket recommends for a certain substance, it could be possible to drink the water, but one should be observant. Only two of the tap water tests had a percentage lower than Livsmedelsverket’s limits. The other tests had at least one substance that exceeded the limit. Lake Viträsket had a high percentage of culturable microbes that exceeded Livsmedelsverket’s limit. These microbes are not suitable to consume over a longer period of time. 

    The interviewed residents were all open to join a community facility, they do however prefer it if someone else brings up the question and organizes the start of the process. Runmarö’s interest group handles the infrastructure issue on the island among other things. They might therefore be able to organize the process of creating and building a community facility. The seawater from Viträsket can be used for things such as the laundry machine, dishwasher, shower, toilet and irrigation without further cleaning. To be used as drinking water, it needs to be cleaned and cooled down, otherwise it might affect a person’s health negatively. From a technical point of view, it is more reasonable for the residents living close to Viträsket to use the seawater from Viträsket. Also, it is important to investigate how the water pipes would affect the wildlife around Viträsket. Furthermore, calculations on how much water Viträsket can supply and how many households that can use Viträsket as a source of water needs to be conducted. 

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  • 160.
    Aulin, Beatrice
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Linnea, Henriksson
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    The water balance in Graminha Basin2014Student paper other, 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today, only 7 % of the Atlantic Rainforest, that once covered Brazil, remains scattered across the southern parts of the country. As the forest is rapidly disappearing, the government of Brazil has emerging interest of preservation. Thus more and more areas are turned into national parks and reserves. At the outskirts of one of these reserves, the Iracambi research station is situated. The center makes an effort to carry out applied research to find methods of preserving and learning about the forest. It is within that context the project described in this report has been performed. The project aimed to establish a water balance over Graminha Basin, the main river in the Iracambi research area. By doing this the understanding of the fluctuations of the amount of water in the ecosystem could increase. An important part of the objective was also to assess which methods can be used practically at Iracambi.The project was carried out during the rainy season from February 13th to April 12, 2012. During this time the water flow was measured at five stations along the river, using a current meter and instant slug-injection. Between six and fifteen flow measurements were made at each station. Slug- injection was generally the most suitable gauging method to use in the area. Precipitation was measured at two points. Evaporation was measured using an evaporation pan, and also calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation. Even though, the parameterization of the Penman-Monteith needs to be improved it was deemed to be the more suitable method for the area.The results give a rough estimate of the water balance during the period. It was concluded that the storage decreased during the project period. Based on the flow measurements and observations it was concluded that the areas covered by forest were less affected by the floods that occurred during heavy rainfalls than the areas covered by grass. Further on, the result of this report indicates that the Iracambi research station can continue to carry out assessments for changes in water flow, rainfall and evaporation with the simple equipment used in this project. However, more expensive and advanced equipment would be beneficial to establish a more accurate water balance.

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  • 161.
    Awad, Ahmed
    et al.
    College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), Giza 11925, Egypt.
    El-Rawy, Mustafa
    Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11911, Saudi Arabia.
    Abdalhi, Mohmed
    College of Agriculture, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 12702, Sudan.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Evaluation of the DRAINMOD Model’s Performance Using Different Time Steps in Evapotranspiration Computations2022In: Hydrology, ISSN 2306-5338, Vol. 9, no 2, article id 40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The DRAINMOD model is a superior tool used to predict the changes in farmland water balance under different agricultural drainage layouts, fields, weather conditions, and management practices. In the present study, we assessed the sensitivity of the DRAINMOD predictions in farmland water balance to the time step (hourly or daily) in daily evapotranspiration (ET0 ) computations for 12-hectares of farmland located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. The model was calibrated and validated and then was applied twice under two sets of daily ET0 values, computed using the standardized ASCE Penman–Monteith model (one using the hourly time step (HTS) and the other using the daily time step (DTS)). Regarding daily computed ET0 values, results show that abrupt diurnal changes in the weather always result in significant differences between daily ET0 values when computed based on DTS and HTS. DRAINMOD simulations show that such differences between daily computed ET0 values affected the model’s predictions of the “water fate” in the study area; e.g., adopting HTS rather than DTS resulted in a 4.8% increase, and a 3.1% and 1% decrease in the models’ cumulative predictions of runoff, drainage, and infiltration, respectively. Therefore, for a particular study area, it is critical to pay attention when deciding the best time step in ET0 computations to ensure accurate DRAINMOD simulations, thereby ensuring better utilization of agricultural water alongside high agricultural productivity.

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  • 162.
    Axelsson, Johan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering.
    Knutsson, Roger
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering.
    Numerical modeling of a slotted flip bucket spillway system – The Shibuya Hydropower Project. 2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    CFD is today a big part of the design process in hydraulic engineering and is more economical and time efficient than traditional scale models. But, there are still issues concerning the agreement with scale models in large and complex geometries.

    In this degree project a high head, five channeled, slotted flip bucket spillway system is analyzed with the CFD software FLUENT and compared with existing scale model results.

    The sought hydraulic parameters in each channel were the discharge capacity, the pressure distribution and the throw distance from the flip buckets.

    The discharge capacity and pressure distribution was practically equal for all five channels and only the throw distance from Channel 1 deviated from the others. The agreement with data from the scale model is quite low.

    The biggest error sources behind the bad agreement may depend on the lack of computational power which led to bad choice of cell size, model delimitations and simplifications.

    CFD models can easily be built up by people without experience in hydraulics which can lead to fatal errors when building up the model and interpreting results. Hence, long experience in CFD or verification of the numerical results with several different hydraulic parameters is the only way to guarantee qualitative results from CFD modeling.

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  • 163.
    Ayoub, M. W. Ben
    et al.
    CETIAT, Villeurbanne, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
    Aro, Rudolf
    CETIAT, Villeurbanne, France.
    Georgin, Éric
    CETIAT, Villeurbanne, France.
    Rochas, Jean François
    CETIAT, Villeurbanne, France.
    Sabouroux, Pierre
    Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
    Quantification of free and bound water in selected materials using dielectric and thermo-coulometric measurement methods2018In: Journal of physics communications, ISSN 2399-6528, Vol. 2, no 3, article id UNSP 035040Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Broadband electromagnetic characterization offers useful tools for the quantitative estimation of water content in a insulating solid materials. However, the correlation between electromagnetic characteristics and the amount of water in solids needs to be characterized using precise direct measurement methods. In this study, a two-port coaxial transmission cell has been characterized for water content estimation based on a study with the thermo-coulometric water detection method. The latter allows us to determine the proportions of the different water bonding forms that can exist in the material. The purpose of this paper is to provide a dielectric relaxation behavior study of the kaolinite clay from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz, which was preceded by an experimental analysis of alpha-D-lactose monohydrate and the calcium oxalate monohydrate, which have stable water content under various humidity conditions.

  • 164.
    Bachi, Oum Elkheir
    et al.
    Laboratory of Saharan Bio-Resources: Preservation and Valorization (BRS), University Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria; Agricultural Development Commission in the Saharan Regions (CDARS), Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
    Halilat, Mohammed Tahar
    Laboratory of Saharan Bio-Resources: Preservation and Valorization (BRS), University Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
    Bissati, Samia
    Laboratory of Saharan Bio-Resources: Preservation and Valorization (BRS), University Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.
    Saggai, Sofiane
    Laboratory of Water and Environment Engineering in Sahara Milieu (GEEMS), University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
    Kouadri, Saber
    Laboratory of Water and Environment Engineering in Sahara Milieu (GEEMS), University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria.
    Najm, Hadee Mohammed
    Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain Engineering College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
    Wastewater Treatment Performance of Aerated Lagoons, Activated Sludge and Constructed Wetlands under an Arid Algerian Climate2022In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 14, no 24, article id 16503Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Water pollution reduces the availability of fresh water, especially in arid areas suffering from water stress, and also adversely affects soil, vegetation and environmental processes. Wastewater treatment processes aim to reduce environmental degradation and increase water availability by improving the quality of wastewater to a standard suitable for irrigation. This paper compares the performance of three wastewater treatment processes: (i) aerated lagoon (AL), (ii) activated sludge (AS), and (iii) constructed wetland (plant beds, PB) under the arid climate of Algeria. The statistical analysis focused on the comparison between the removal rates of the physical (SS) and biological pollution (BOD5 and COD) parameters in the three stations during 8 years of operation. Obtained results show that the maximum removal rates were observed in the AS process and the minimum were in the AL process. The comparison between the removal rates for a given parameter has shown that there is a significant difference between the AL process on the one hand and the AS and PB processes on the other hand. For the last two processes, AS and PB, there is a difference, but it is not statistically significant. For the values of the parameters of wastewater leaving the three systems, results showed that there is a seasonal variation in the average values of the parameters (temperature effect) and that with the exception of orthophosphate, the values recorded are, for the most part, below the values of Algerian discharge standards, WHO standards and FAO standards.

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  • 165.
    Bachofner Gran, Clara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Grundvattenmodellering inom Loddby före detta Sulfitmassabruk2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Loddby sulphite pulp factory was during its active days located next to Loddbyviken, approximately five kilometers north of Norrköping. Production of sulphite paper pulp was conducted between the years 1899 and 1977 within an area of 18,6 hectares. The former sulphite pulp factory is today considered polluted to the extent that it is entailing a great risk for human health and the environment, but to be able to decide what measures to take, the hydrogeological conditions in the area need to be clarified.

    The objective of this master’s thesis was to map the groundwater flow pattern within Loddby former sulphite pulp factory by developing a site-specific groundwater model with the groundwater flow model MODFLOW in the software Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). The master’s thesis also aimed at examining how the groundwater movement in the area is affected by fluctuations in the water level of Loddbyviken. A conceptual model was initially created to describe the hydrological system in a simplified way with regards to the geology, hydrology and climate within the area. The model domain was delimited by topographical water divides and hydrological boundaries, and was thereafter divided into three horizontal layers based on the main materials that have been identified during investigations within the area: filling material, clay and till.

    In GMS, the model domain was divided into a 5x5 meter grid and its borders were assigned appropriate boundary conditions. By interpolating the three model layers from scatter point data of known geology, the conceptual model could be described mathematically within the software. To increase the reliability of the model, the hydraulic conductivities of the materials were then calibrated against observed hydraulic head in several groundwater monitoring wells in the area. After the calibration, the hydraulic conductivities of the filling material, clay and till were 2,1ˑ10-4 m/s, 5,7ˑ10-7 m/s and 3,9ˑ10-5 m/s respectively. A sensitivity analysis was then performed in order to examine how the values of hydraulic conductivity and groundwater recharge would affect the model results.

    Simulations with the calibrated model showed that the groundwater generally moves from the western parts of the area towards Pjältån and Loddbyviken in the north and east. However, it moves around the areas where the impermeable bedrock is close to the ground surface. Changes in the water level of Loddbyviken proved to have some effect on the amount of water in the system, but they did not entail a greater influence on the groundwater movement pathways in the area. The sensitivity analysis showed that the model was very sensitive regarding the groundwater recharge and the hydraulic conductivity for the till. A very low conductivity of clay turned out to lead to some modeling difficulties and the conductivity of the filling material showed to only have a small effect on the result.

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  • 166.
    Backström, Martin
    et al.
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering.
    Wikström, Ludvig
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, JTH, Civil Engineering.
    Effektivisering av ekologisk dagvattenhantering i stadsmiljö2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the city of Jönköping problems with the irregular flow, erosions and transport of sediment materials are recurring in the brook Strömsbergsbäcken. The problems is somewhat caused by an increased flow of storm water in the brook, which leads to high flow peaks in some parts of the brook since the original furrow is not dimensioned for the increased amount of water. The purpose of this project work is to make ecological drainage management in urban environments with a high amount of storm water discharge more efficient. The objective with the report is to create valuable material of how to accomplish ecological drainage management in urban areas and that the report will be useful for future similar connections. To fulfill the objective, the following three questions have been designed as a significant part of the final project report:

    • How can the load on the general drainage system be reduced?
    • How can the pollution effects of storm water runoff in urban areas be reduced?
    • Which treatments are appropriate to enhance the ecological storm water management in Strömsbergsbäcken ?

    The methods that have been used to solve these questions are document- and literature studies, and also a case study.The thesis results shows that the storm water flows from four of the nine areas that has its outlets in Strömsbergsbäcken, need to be treated through some kind of a solution or method that delays the water flow. The treatment could be performed in the area, before the storm water reaches the storm water network, which leads to Strömsbergsbäcken. The storm water flows can also be reduced by treatments adjacent to the outlets in the brook, where the largest flow peaks occurs. For example an essential solution to decrease the flows in Strömsbergsbäcken is to reconstruct the old dam located near one of the outlets into a basin, which will delay the stormwater flows.

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    Effektivisering av ekologisk dagvattenhantering i stadsmiljö
  • 167.
    Baghdadi, A. H. A.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    The numerical modelling of two-phase flows1980Report (Other academic)
  • 168.
    Bakema, Guido
    et al.
    IF Technology b.v..
    Snijders, Aart L.
    IF Technology b.v..
    Nordell, Bo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.
    Underground Thermal Energy Storage: State of the art 19941995Report (Refereed)
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  • 169. Bakowska, A
    et al.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Medrzycka, K
    Influence of sulphanilamide in wastewater on Anammox process performance2006In: Water and Environmental Management Series / [ed] Stuetz, R., Teik-Thye, L., London: IWA Publishing, 2006, p. 69-76Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 170.
    Bakyayita, Grace Kizito
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering. Makerere University, Kyambogo University.
    Batch Sorption Studies of Aqueous Cadmium and Lead from Contaminated Water onto Selected Biosorbents2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Groundwater, wastewater, surface runoff and surface water samples from Lake Victoria basin, Uganda was assessed for trace metals contamination. Untreated, base-treated and peroxide-treated biosorbents from Albizia coriaria, Coffea canephora, Cyperus papyrus, Erythrina abyssinica and Musa spp were investigated for removal of selected trace metals from contaminated water in batch studies. The assessed shallow groundwater and surface water was contaminated with iron and manganese. Selected speciation studies using Visual MINTEQ showed that in leachates from Municipal dumpsites 74% of the metal ions were bound to DOM, 13% were free ions and 13% were in inorganic forms moreover for urban streams 37% of the metal ions were bound to DOM, 44% were free ions and 19% were in inorganic forms. The metal levels in surface water, landfill leachate and surface runoff showed elevated levels and revealed increased risks to environmental health. Risk analysis based on the Swedish EPA showed that varied risks of negative effects in 30% – 76% of the sample sites ranging from high to increased risk in surface water whereas the results from Bio-met tool showed potential risk to toxicity effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ in 15.3% - 30.8% surface water samples and 8.3% - 62.5% groundwater samples. Batch sorption studies revealed that the optimal conditions for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions uptake were; pH 3.5 – 5.0 for contact time 3.0 – 3.5 hours and biosorbent dosage 10 – 12.5 g/L. Base-treated biosorbents showed 10 – 17 % sorption enhancement for Cd2+ ions and 1.6 – 2.3 % uptake reduction for Pb2+ ions. The biomass negative potential for binding base cations was in the order; Musa spp. > A. coriaria > E. abyssinica and base treatment reduced DOC leaching from biosorbents in the order; E. abyssinica > A. coriaria > Musa spp. Speciation studies showed that more ions were complexed to DOC in solutions at various pH levels. The maximum sorption intensities for both Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions uptake onto biomass occurred for low initial metal concentration; 5 mg/L. Freundlich model best fitted data for Pb2+ ions ions uptake whereas Temkin model fitted the sorption data for Cd2+ ions onto both treated and untreated biomass. For peroxide treated biomass, the maximum sorption efficiencies for both Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions were between 95.2 – 98.7% for C.canephora, 79.9 – 92.2% for Musa spp. and 42.0 – 91.3% for C.papyrus in non-competitive media and 90.8 – 98.0% for C.canephora, 56.4 – 89.3% for Musa spp. and 19.5 – 90.4% for C.papyrus in competitive media. The Langmiur model fitted non-competitive sorption data with 0.769 ≤ R2 ≥ 0.999 and the Freundlich model fitted competitive sorption data with 0.867 ≤ R2 ≥ 0.989. The pseudo second order kinetic model fitted the sorption data for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions for untreated, peroxide treated and base treated biomass with 0.917 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000. The sorption of trace metals was a complex potentially monolayer chemisorption with heterogeneous surface properties exhibited. In competitive sorption, sorption suppression effects observed were greater for Cd2+ than Pb2+ ions. The comparative studies on sorption performance presented agreement and no significant difference between the untreated and base treated biosorbents. 

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  • 171.
    Bakyayita Kizito, Grace
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Equilibrium and Kinetic Batch Studies of Cadmium and Lead sorption using Low Cost Biosorbents2014Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Agricultural wastes; Albizia coriaria, Coffea canephora, Cyperus papyrus, Erythrina abyssinica and Musa spp were evaluated for uptake of aqueous Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions in single- and binary-component solutions. Untreated, base-treated and peroxide-treated biomasses were employed in batch studies. The optimal conditions for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption were  pH 3.5 – 5 for contact time 3.0 – 3.5 hours and biosorbent dosage 10 – 12.5 g/L. Base-treated biosorbents showed a 10 – 17 %  sorption enhancement for Cd2+ ions and a 1.6 – 2.3 % uptake reduction for Pb2+ ions. The sorption capacities for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions for base-treated biosorbents were between 1.738 and 1.760 mg g-1 compared to 1.415 – 1.539 mg g-1 for untreated materials. The maximum biosorption of peroxide treated materials in single component media was between 0.819 and 1.595 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and between 0.044 and 1.343 mg/g for Cd2+ ions while in binary component media it was between 0.472 and 1.303 mg/g for Pb2+ ions and between 0.008 and 0.195 mg/g for Cd2+ ions. The pseudo-second order kinetic model suitably fitted the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption data with regression coefficients (R2); 0.892 – 1.000 for peroxide-treated materials and 0.9784 – 0.9999 for base-treated biosorbents which implied that the biosorption was mainly a chemisorption process. The base treated biosorbents had better sorption performance for Cd2+ ions than peroxide treated materials and untreated biomass whereas the order for Pb2+ ions biosorption was untreated > base treated > peroxide treated materials. All materials showed superior selectivity for Pb2+ ions biosorption in comparison to that of Cd2+ ions in single- and binary-component media. A. coriaria performed best of the base treated biosorbents while C. canephora performed best amongst peroxide treated materials for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption in single-and binary-component media. In the competitive biosorption, Cd2+ ions showed higher synergistic effects than Pb2+ ions although Pb2+ ions were preferentially sequestered even when the Cd2+:Pb2+ ions ratio was increased through 3:2, 2:1, 3:1 and 5:1. Of the three isotherm models evaluated against the experimental data, the Langmuir model generally fitted the sorption data for both metals. Regression coefficients for the Langmuir model were; 0.983 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000 for single-component and 0.939 ≤ R2 ≥ 1.000 for binary-component solutions which revealed that the biosorption was potentially monolayer. The biosorption equilibrium coefficient                          values and change in Gibbs’ free energy  values showed that Pb2+ ions biosorption was more thermodynamically favoured than that of Cd2+ ions in single-component and binary-component media. The materials studied displayed potential for use as biosorbents for remediation of aqueous Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions.

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    Thesis
  • 172.
    Bakyayita Kizito, Grace
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Kulabako, Robinah
    2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, Uganda.
    Nalubega, Mai
    Water and Sanitation Department, African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia.
    Norrström, Ann-Catrine
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Equilibrium batch studies for biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from single-and binary-component aqueous mediaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 173.
    Bakyayita Kizito, Grace
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Norrström, Ann-Catrine
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Nalubega, Mai
    Water and Sanitation Department, African Development Bank, Tunis.
    Robinah, Kulabako
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, Uganda .
    Kinetic studies of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions biosorption from aqueous media using untreated and chemically treated biosorbents2014In: Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, ISSN 1606-9749, E-ISSN 1607-0798, Vol. 69, no 11, p. 2230-2236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Untreated and chemically treated Albizia coriaria, Erythrina abyssinica and Musa spp were studied in batch for uptake of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions at pH 2.0–9.0 and agitation time; 30–390 min. Optimum biosorption conditions were; pH 4 for Pb2+ ions and pH 5 for Cd2+ ions, contact time was 3.5 hours at 24 ± 1 °C for 10 mg/L biosorbent dosage and initial metal ions concentration of 20 mg/L. Chemical treatment had a 10–17% biosorption efficiency enhancement for Cd2+ ions and a 1.6–2.3% reduction effect for Pb2+ ions. The sorption capacities for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions for treated biosorbents were between 1.760–1.738 mg g−1 compared to 1.415–1.539 mg g−1 for untreated materials. The pseudo second order model suitably fitted the Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption data with regression coefficients (R2) between 0.9784–0.9999. Fitting of the Ho model to the experimental data showed that the biosorption mechanism for both metal ions studied was mainly a chemisorption process. Therefore, treated A. coriaria, E. abyssinica and Musa spp were potential biosorbents for remediation of Cd2+ ions and the untreated materials suitable for removing Pb2+ ions from contaminated aqueous media.

  • 174.
    Bar-Am, Maya
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Spett, Isak
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Svanberg, Adam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Thelander, Frida
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Viklund, Simon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Widengren, Veronika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Zaff, Sandra
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Infiltrationsbassängers kapacitet och  kontroll med avseende på  infiltrationsmängd och igensättningar: En jämförelse av plan och sluttande sandbotten2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    För att framställa konstgjort grundvatten används idag infiltrationsbassänger som främsta metod i Sverige. Ytvatten pumpas upp till bassänger med sandfilter i botten där vattnet kan infiltrera för att sedan spridas och vidare filtreras genom underliggande rullstensås för att slutligen fylla på grundvattenmagasinet. I infiltrationsbassänger sker dock igensättningar till följd av lösa partiklar, kemiska utfällningar eller att porerna i sanden växt igen av biologiska processer. Detta är ett oundvikligt problem då allt ytvatten som används innehåller mer eller mindre löst kol. Dessutom sker igensättningarna i nuläget på okänd yta och djup. Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB har en hypotes att en bassäng med sluttande botten, istället för den nuvarande plana botten, skulle kunna ge ökad kontroll över var igensättningen sker. Syftet med projektet var att ta fram underlag till Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB och utreda om deras hypotes stämmer. Frågeställningen för projektet var hur kontrollerat och effektivt infiltrationen sker med avseende på igensättning i en infiltrationsbassäng med plan botten jämfört med en bassäng med sluttande botten. För att undersöka detta sammanställdes en litteraturstudie och sakkunniga inom området tillfrågades för utlåtande via både e-post och personlig kontakt. Ett flertal olika beräkningsmodeller skapades och dessa modeller användes för att beräkna horisontella hastigheter, storlek på infiltration, vattenpelare, tider att fylla bassänger med mera. Modellerna programmerades för att kunna varieras med olika värden för olika parametrar, detta för att koden enkelt skulle kunna anpassas efter olika förutsättningar. Resultatet av beräkningarna med antagna begynnelsevärden visar att den totala infiltrationen för en plan bassäng kommer att vara betydligt större än den för en sluttande bassäng. Detta förklaras med att den plana bassängen har en dubbelt så stor volym och på grund av detta en dubbelt så stor vattenpelare. Om volymen istället skulle vara lika stor för de båda typerna av bassängerna skulle det dock vara svårare att avgöra vilken som infiltrerar mest.

    Utifrån studiens resultat är det dock svårt att presentera tydliga slutsatser. Detta eftersom beräkningarna gjorts på begynnelsevärden och antaganden som inte speglar verkligheten helt. Det finns däremot indikationer på att igensättning i en bassäng med sluttande botten sker gradvis över filtersanden, vilket är till fördel för ökad kontroll. Drift och underhåll av bassängen kommer inte skilja särskilt mycket mellan en plan eller en sluttande bassängbotten. Det som dock förblir svårt att avgöra är vilket alternativ av botten som ger en effektivare infiltration. Detta då data saknas kring hur påverkad den hydrauliska konduktiviteten i filtersanden blir av igensättningar.

    Projektet är komplext och det kan därför vara en god idé att följa upp teorin med praktiska försök. För fortsatta undersökningar bör det testas hur en sluttande botten kommer att fungera i praktiken, närmare bestämt hur skillnaden i infiltrationskapacitet skiljer sig och vad skillnaden i drift är för en plan gentemot en sluttande botten. Vidare bör det undersökas om sanden förflyttar sig på grund av isbildning vintertid för en sluttande bassängbotten, om det kan vara en god idé att ha ett djupare sandlager i den djupare delen av bassängen samt huruvida idén att exempelvis använda en mer finkornig sand i den djupa delen av den sluttande bassängbotten är tillämplig.

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  • 175.
    Barcot, Ana
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Åkerstedt, Hans O.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Larsson, I. A. Sofia
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Lundström, Staffan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.
    Stormwater Uptake in Sponge-Like Porous Bodies Surrounded by a Pond: A Fluid Mechanics Analysis2023In: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 15, no 18, article id 3209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, a previously published model for the water up take of stormwater in sponge-like porous bodies by the group is further developed. This is done by investigating the highest-performing model and considering the water uptake from the surroundings of a pond and rain-infiltrated soil. This implies that water uptake from impermeable to partially permeable surfaces is examined. Hence, the following cases are considered: (1) impervious bottom surface and no precipitation, (2) impervious bottom surface with precipitation, (3) permeable soil with no precipitation, and (4) permeable soil with precipitation. A mathematical model covering all these cases is presented, where the governing equations are the mass conservation and Darcy’s law together with an assumption of a sharp wetting front being a first-order approximation of the complete Richard’s equation. Results for the water uptake height, pond depth, and wetting front are computed numerically and plotted against time. Analytical solutions are also presented in certain cases, and critical values are obtained. The parametric study includes variations in the ratio of the model- to the surrounding ground surface area, initial pond depth, precipitation, and soil characteristics. To exemplify, the time it takes to absorb the water from the pond after a precipitation period is presented. The results are related to the Swedish rainfall data of 1 h duration with a return period of 10 years. When evaluating efficiency, the focus is on the absorption time. Results vary considerably, demonstrating a general trend that with soil infiltration, the water absorption rate is higher. For most cases, the considered water amount is absorbed completely, although depending on the parameters and conditions. These results serve to optimize the model for each of the cases. The main focus of the research lies in the theoretical aspect.

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  • 176.
    Baresel, Christian
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Environmental management of water systems under uncertainty2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydrological drainage/river basins constitute highly heterogeneous systems of coupled natural and anthropogenic water and pollutant flows across political, national and international boundaries. These flows need to be appropriately understood, quantified and communicated to stakeholders, in order to appropriately guide environmental water system management. In this thesis, various uncertainties about water and pollutant flows in drainage/river basins and their implications for effective and efficient water pollution abatement are investigated, in particular for mine-related heavy metal loadings in the Swedish Dalälven River basin and for nitrogen loadings in the Swedish Norrström drainage basin. Economic cost-minimization modeling is used to investigate the implications of pollutant load uncertainties for the cost-efficiency of catchment-scale abatement of water pollution.

    Results indicate that effective and efficient pollution abatement requires explicit consideration of uncertainties about pollution sources, diffuse contributions of the subsurface water system to downstream pollutant observations in surface waters, and downstream effects of different possible measures to reduce water pollution. In many cases, downstream load abatement measures must be used, in addition to source abatement, in order to reduce not only expected, but also uncertainties around expected pollutant loads. Effective and efficient environmental management of water systems must generally also consider the entire catchments of these systems, rather than focusing only on discrete pollutant sources. The thesis presents some relatively simple, catchment-scale pollutant flow analysis tools that may be used to decrease uncertainties about unmonitored water and pollutant flows and subsurface pollutant accumulation-depletion and diffuse loading to downstream waters.

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  • 177.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Destouni, Georgia
    Diffuse subsurface zinc loads from mining areas in the Dalälven River Basin, Sweden2009In: Hydrology Research, ISSN 1998-9563, Vol. 40, no 5, p. 445-453Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The zinc load from the Dalalven River to the Baltic Sea is greater than for any other watercourse in Sweden. This paper investigates zinc mass flows into and through the Dalalven River from major mining areas within its drainage basin. Reported zinc mass flow data for this river are re-analyzed using an input-output flow analysis approach. Results show major inconsistencies in previous data interpretations which totally neglected possible zinc mass load contributions from the groundwater system to the river. This paper quantifies significant subsurface zinc load contributions that are consistent with all independently available data. Furthermore, a possible explanation for why these subsurface contributions may have been missed in previous studies and by the prevailing Swedish environmental monitoring system is provided. The study indicates that the input-output flow analysis approach may be generally useful for identifying and quantifying diffuse, unmonitored and uncertain pollutant load contributions from ground- to surface water systems.

  • 178.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Destouni, Georgia
    Estimating subsurface nitrogen accumulation–depletion in catchments by input–output flow analysis2006In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, ISSN 1474-7065, E-ISSN 1873-5193, Vol. 31, no 17, p. 1030-1037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use input-output analysis of nitrogen flows between various sources-sectors and natural waters in the Swedish Norrstrom drainage basin for investigating and bounding the implication range of some uncertainty sources for results of subsurface nitrogen accumulation-depletion in this basin. We quantify different possible base and extreme assumptions of nitrogen discharges and transport pathways from agriculture to surface and groundwater in the basin. The results are robust in showing considerable nitrogen accumulation-depletion flow interactions taking place between the basin's mobile water and accumulated nitrogen pools in soils, sediments and/or relatively immobile subsurface water zones for all different scenario assumptions. Similar scenario robustness is also found in resulting relative contributions of different active nitrogen source-sectors to nitrogen flows in natural water systems. In the Norrstrom basin, and possibly more generally, nitrogen accumulation-depletion flows to and from accumulated legacies for the future or from the past appear therefore to be more important for water quality than current nitrogen discharges from active source-sectors.

  • 179.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Destouni, Georgia
    Novel Quantification of Coupled Natural and Cross-Sectoral Water and Nutrient/Pollutant Flows for Environmental Management.2005In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 39, no 16, p. 6182-6190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human water use and anthropogenic water pollution and ecosystem deterioration have increased so much that it is now a strategic challenge to maximize benefits from various possible water uses, while ensuring that basic human needs are met and the environment is protected. We propose and develop a novel use of input-output flow analysis as a relatively simple, compact and powerful tool for quantification of coupled natural and cross-sectoral flows of water, nutrients, and pollutants in catchments. The tool quantifies implications of various environmental regulation and management scenarios for both natural water systems and engineered-economic systems and sectors that use and impact natural waters for meeting human needs. Specific case study application to water and nitrogen flows in the Swedish Norrstrom drainage basin indicates considerable nitrogen load contributions to surface and coastal waters from slow groundwater flow paths and legacies of accumulated nitrogen in subsurface and immobile water pools. This implies that effective nitrogen load abatement cannot focus only on active sources but must also include downstream measures, which can capture and abate nitrogen/pollutant loading from different types of known and yet unknown point and diffuse sources within associated catchments.

  • 180.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Destouni, Georgia
    Subsurface Water System Contributions to Surface Water Zinc Loads in Mining AreasManuscript (Other academic)
  • 181.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Destouni, Georgia
    Uncertainty-Accounting Environmental Policy and Management of Water Systems2007In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 41, no 10, p. 3635-3659Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental policies for water quality and ecosystem management do not commonly require explicit stochastic accounts of uncertainty and risk associated with the quantification and prediction of waterborne pollutant loads and abatement effects. In this study, we formulate and investigate a possible environmental policy that does require an explicit stochastic uncertainty account. We compare both the environmental and economic resource allocation performance of such an uncertainty-accounting environmental policy with that of deterministic, risk-prone and risk-averse environmental policies under a range of different hypothetical, yet still possible, scenarios. The comparison indicates that a stochastic uncertainty-accounting policy may perform better than deterministic policies over a range of different scenarios. Even in the absence of reliable site-specific data, reported literature values appear to be useful for such a stochastic account of uncertainty.

  • 182.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Destouni, Georgia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Gren, Ing-Marie
    The influence of metal source uncertainty on cost-effective allocation of mine water pollution abatement in catchments2006In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 78, no 2, p. 138-148Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In mine water pollution abatement, it is commonly assumed that known mine waste sites are the major pollution sources, thus neglecting the possibility of significant contribution from other old and diffuse sources within a catchment. We investigate the influence of different types of pollution source uncertainty on cost-effective allocation of abatement measures for mine water pollution. A catchment-scale cost-minimization model is developed and applied to the catchment of the river Dalalven, Sweden, in order to exemplify important effects of such source uncertainty. Results indicate that, if the pollution distribution between point and diffuse sources is partly unknown, downstream abatement measures, such as constructed wetlands, at given compliance boundaries are often cost-effective. If downstream abatement measures are not practically feasible, the pollution source distribution between point and diffuse mine water sources is critical for cost-effective solutions to abatement measure allocation in catchments. In contrast, cost-effective solutions are relatively insensitive to uncertainty in total pollutant discharge from mine water sources.

  • 183.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Larsén, Karin
    Destouni, Georgia
    Gren, Ing-Marie
    Economic Analysis of Mine Water Pollution Abatement in a Catchment2004In: Mine Water and the Environment, ISSN 1025-9112, E-ISSN 1616-1068, Vol. 1, p. 57-68Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 184.
    Barkefors, Disa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    The Influence of Infiltration Capacity and Antecedent Soil Moisture Conditions on Urban Pluvial Flooding2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Urban pluvial floods occur during extreme rain events and both occurrence and magnitude of these floods are expected to increase. Preserving or constructing green areas in urban areas has been shown to mitigate and control these floods. The common way to evaluate flood risks is to set up a rainfall-runoff model, but these studies are often case related and only investigate the soil characteristics for that specific case. Multiple studies have also stated that the difference between major and minor flooding effects is connected to the antecedent soil moisture content. This thesis attempts to investigate how different soil characteristics influencing infiltration affect the hydraulic response in two Swedish urban catchments and if antecedent soil moisture is a critical factor.

    To evaluate the hydraulic response, a two-dimensional surface runoff model of two different urban catchments was forced with a hyetograph of a CDS-rain with a return period of 100 years. The simulations were conducted with three different soil types for all urban green areas: clay, sandy loam and sand, and three different antecedent soil moisture contents for clay and sandy loam. Flood extent and discharge from catchment area was evaluated, as was flood depth and overland flow in 16 chosen evaluation points.

    The results showed that with decreasing infiltration rate of a soil and with increasing antecedent soil moisture content, the severity of the flood and discharge at the catchment outlet was increased. It was also concluded that soil type affects flood extent, flood depth, overland flow and discharge from catchment to a greater extent than antecedent soil moisture.

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  • 185.
    Basirat, Farzad
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering.
    CO2 leakage in a Geological Carbon Sequestration system: Scenario development and analysis.2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this project was to study the leakage of CO2 in a Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) system. To define the GCS system, a tool that is known as an FEP database was used. FEPs are the features, processes and events that develop scenarios for the goal of the study. Combinations of these FEPs can produce thousands of scenarios. However, among all of these scenarios, some are more important than others for leakage. The FEPs that were used as scenario developers were the formation of the liquid flow, the salinity of the formation liquid, diffusion as a process for gas bubble transport and the depth of the reservoir layer. In this study, the leakage path is considered as the presence of a fracture in sealed caprock. The fractures can be modeled using various approaches. Here, I represented the influence of fracture modeling by applying the Equivalent Continuum Method (ECM) and the Dual-Porosity and Multi-continuum methods to leakage. This study suggests that considering groundwater in the aquifer would reduce the leakage of CO2 and that a shallower formation leads to higher leakage. This study can be expanded to future studies by including external FEPs that are related to the FEPs that were used in this study.

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  • 186.
    Basirat, Farzad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Jung, Byeongju
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, South Korea.
    Yang, Zhibing
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Niemi, Auli
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Numerical simulation of geological storage of CO2 with impurities in large scale saline aquiferManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 187. Bastin, G.
    et al.
    Chotteau, Véronique
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, AdBIOPRO.
    Vande Wouwer, A.
    Metabolic flux analysis of VERO cells under various culture conditions2021In: Processes, ISSN 2227-9717, Vol. 9, no 12, article id 2097Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the culture of VERO cells in bioreactors is an important industrial bioprocess for the production of viruses and vaccines, surprisingly few reports on the analysis of the flux distribution in the cell metabolism have been published. In this study, an attempt is made to fill this gap by providing an analysis of relatively simple metabolic networks, which are constructed to describe the cell behavior in different culture conditions, e.g., the exponential growth phase (availability of glucose and glutamine), cell growth without glutamine, and cell growth without glucose and glutamine. The metabolic networks are kept as simple as possible in order to avoid underdeterminacy linked to the lack of extracellular measurements, and a unique flux distribution is computed in each case based on a mild assumption that the macromolecular composition of the cell is known. The result of this computation provides some insight into the metabolic changes triggered by the culture conditions, which could support the design of feedback control strategies in fed batch or perfusion bioreactors where the lactate concentration is measured online and regulated by controlling the delivery rates of glucose and, possibly, of some essential amino acids.

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  • 188. Battaleb-Looie, S.
    et al.
    Moore, F.
    Malde, M. K.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Fluoride in groundwater, dates and wheat: Estimated exposure dose in the population of Bushehr, Iran2013In: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, ISSN 0889-1575, E-ISSN 1096-0481, Vol. 29, no 2, p. 94-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The goal of this study was to estimate the daily fluoride intake for residents of Bushehr province in southern Iran by determining their exposure to fluoride through consumption of drinking water, dates and wheat. The fluoride concentration of drinking water in this region varies between 0.5 and 3.0mg/L, with an average of 1.6mg/L; and 44.4% of the drinking water exceed the guideline value of 1.5mg/L recommended by WHO. The average fluoride content of dates is 10.0mg/kg; whereas wheat roots and shoots contain an average of 30.0 and 19.0mgF-/kg, respectively. The estimated intake from drinking water is 0.12mg/kg/d for children (20kg body weight) and 0.05mg/kg/d for adults (70kg body weight). The total estimated fluoride intake (from drinking water and dates) for children is 0.17mg/kg/d. Thus, dates contribute an average 30% to the daily fluoride intake in the population. The maximum estimated fluoride intake (from dates and drinking water) for children and adults are 3.4 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, than the minimum risk level of 0.05mg/kg/d calculated by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

  • 189.
    Behrens, K.
    et al.
    Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg.
    Goldflam, S.
    Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg.
    Heikkinen, P.
    Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki.
    Hirschleber, H.
    Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg.
    Lindqvist, Gustaf
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Lund, C-E-
    Department of Geophysics, University of Uppsala.
    Reflection seismic measurements across the Granulite Belt of the POLAR Profile in the northern Baltic Shield, Northern Finland1989In: Tectonophysics, ISSN 0040-1951, E-ISSN 1879-3266, Vol. 162, no 1-2, p. 101-111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reflection seismic measurements were carried out in 1985 on the central part of the POLAR refraction seismic profile in Northern Finland. The survey was planned and executed jointly by the Universities of Helsinki, Uppsala and Hamburg, using digital equipment with a total of 144 channels. By repeating the shots and moving the geophone spreads every day we were able to observe a 42-50 km recording spread. Referred to reflection elements, a line of 84 km total length through the source-receiver midpoints was recorded. We processed the results up to normal moveout-corrected time sections.A number of reflectors dipping 8°-15° to the northeast were recorded in the Lapland Granulite Belt range. These represent a system of sheared granulites which were observed on the surface in the southern part of the profile. From gravity modelling, the bottom of the dipping layers coincides with the lower boundary of the granulites. Between the depths of 22 and 35 km the crust in this area seems to be transparent to seismic signals. This leads to the assumption that the middle part of the crust is characterized by gentle velocity and density gradients. The crust-mantle boundary seems to be a layered Moho with good reflectors lying at depths between 40 and 44 km.

  • 190.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    A laboratory experiment on the effect of refreezing on the percolation of meltwater through a snowpack1983Report (Other academic)
  • 191.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Circulation in small lakes1981Report (Other academic)
  • 192.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Det atmosfäriska gränslagret över en snöyta1981Report (Other academic)
  • 193.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Dimensionerande snösmältningsintensiteter1982In: Väg- och Vattenbyggaren, ISSN 0042-2177, no 1/2, p. 27-29Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 194.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Dispersion under is i Prästholmselet, April 19781979Report (Other academic)
  • 195.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Evaporation from a snow cover: review and discussion of measurements1980Report (Other academic)
  • 196.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Evaporation from a Snow Cover: Review and Discussion of Measurements1980In: Nordic Hydrology, ISSN 0029-1277, E-ISSN 1996-9694, Vol. 11, no 5, p. 221-234Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Possible evaporation rates from a snow surface with respect to available energy and vapour pressure deficit in the air are discussed. In literature reported measurements and measurements carried out at the University of Luleå are analysed. It is found that for northern areas the total amount of evaporation during the whole snow covered season amounts only to 10–20 mm.

    Different formulas for estimating the evaporation from a snow surface are discussed. It is stressed that for forecasting purposes the aerodynamic formula and the profile method should be used only together with energy balance computations. The air density stratification reduces the evaporation rate considerably. A formula for the reduced evaporation rate is suggested. Finally, evaporation is analysed as a transient process, and possibilities of developing more soundly based evaporation models are discussed.

  • 197.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Groundwater and meltwater in the snowmelt induced runoff: [Eau souterraine et eau de fusion dans l'écoulement résultant de la fonte de la neige]1982In: Hydrological Sciences Journal, ISSN 0262-6667, E-ISSN 2150-3435, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 147-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The snowmelt runoff process from small basins is discussed. A differentiation is made between overland flow in the snowpack and groundwater flow induced by infiltrating meltwater. The effect of variations of the snowmelt intensity on streamflow is studied. It is shown that the runoff is high from the first day of snowmelt runoff if the streamflow is caused by overland flow, and that there are pronounced peaks every day, which almost correspond with the snowmelt intensity during daytime. Streamflow originating from groundwater, on the other hand, increases continuously during the snowmelt and shows only small daily peaks in the flow. Simultaneous overland and groundwater flow are also discussed. Observed runoff hydrographs from small basins are analysed in some detail. For the open fields studied the runoff shows the typical character of overland flow. For a rather large forested area the surface runoff also constitutes an important part of the runoff, but the groundwater baseflow is considerable.

  • 198.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Horizontal mixing in water quality modelling1980Report (Other academic)
  • 199.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Ice conditions in the Råne river1978Report (Other academic)
  • 200.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Infiltration i frusen mark1981Report (Other academic)
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