This article theorizes the work of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ). This work is motivated by the need to link recent large-scale ICIJ projects such as the Panama and Paradise Papers revelations to ongoing theoretical discussions about emergent forms of journalism. It is argued that the ICIJ provides evidence of the emergence of a “global network journalism” characterized by a particular epistemology (a global outlook on social reality) that is embedded in a networked rationale. It is further suggested that this journalistic practice paves the way for the media’s role as a global fourth estate, responding to the budding demand for a new type of reporting that influences political decisions and expressing society’s development toward an internalized sense of globalization. We discuss the usefulness of applying the presented concepts to other cases than the ICIJ and provide suggestions for further studies.

This study examines domestic media’s coverage of foreign wildfires from a climate change perspective. It explores Swedish newspapers’ coverage of wildfires in Australia, the Mediterranean region, and the USA during a three-year period (February 2013–March 2016), focusing on how and to what extent climate change is viewed as an underlying cause. A central result is that climate change is mentioned far more often in the case of Australian wildfires than of fires in the other two regions. Another finding is that the climate change issue became more prominent after a severe domestic wildfire in 2014. These observations are also examined qualitatively through a combined frame and discourse study where the importance of foreign news values, the use of foreign sources, cultural proximity/distance, and domestication procedures are analysed. In conclusion, foreign, domestic, and cultural factors in climate change reporting in relation to extreme events are further discussed.

Human GHG emissions are entering networked everyday relations. On social media, users potentially "reveal" their carbon footprints when they post pictures of a beef-based dinner or intercontinental travel. As the increasing urgency of climate change coincides with people's increasingly online-oriented lifestyles, we suggest that social-media research should devote attention to the ways in which users overlook, hide, limit, or casually articulate their high-carbon oriented lifestyles in digital space. This would contribute important knowledge about the role of social-media communication concerning climate change as an individual responsibility, and requires a concentration on how status updates become loaded with ideological meaning (high-carbon visibility discourse). The purpose is to present a framework for critical analyses of visual disclosure of carbon footprints in social media use. Media theory, semiotics, network theory and critical theory are combined to theorize how users' activities on social media become high-carbon oriented; their promotion of a business-as-usual stance; and how this operates ideologically through reification, legitimation and unification.

Global journalism appears to become increasingly important in the field of journalism studies, however, there is no agreement about how it should be applied in research. This entry presents four perspectives: the global-mapping perspective, which is concerned with mapping and analyzing how journalism works in different parts of the world; the media-technology perspective, which focuses on the potential of cross-border media technology to facilitate the creation of a global public sphere; the ethics perspective, which deals with how journalism should approach other cultures in order to reduce the distance between "us" and "them" and minimize stereotypical depictions of the Other; and the discourse perspective, which associates global journalism with reporting that sheds light on the multitude of cross-border interdependencies between people, processes, and events. The entry also discusses the positions of "globalists" and "skeptics" in the media globalization debate and the role of journalism education in the development of global journalism.

This edited volume, which elaborates on the idea and concept of sustainable journalism, is the result of a perceived lack of integral research approaches to journalism and sustainable development. Thirty years ago, in 1987, Our Common Future, the report from the UN World Commission on Environment and Development (also known as the Brundtland Report), pointed out economic growth, environmental protection and social equality as the three main pillars of a sustainable development. These pillars are intertwined, interdependent, and need to be balanced and reconciled. Economic growth is in this sense necessary for a developing world, but a one-sided focus on economy will eventually lead to a world that is both socially and environmentally poorer. Obviously, the issue of sustainability has not been absent from the field of journalism research; on the contrary, there is plenty of research focusing on journalism and environmental sustainability (e.g., climate change, fracking, renewables, etc.), social sustainability (e.g., democratic and political participation, poverty, inequality), and economic sustainability (e.g., ownership, commercialization, business models). However, where journalism studies traditionally treat these three aspects of sustainability disjointedly, this book attempts to pull them closer together and integrally approach sustainable development in its environmental, social and economic sense.

The book departs from the premise that journalism has a role to play in global sustainable development—to inform, investigate and to educate in ways that reconcile the three pillars. It also raises questions about the internal sustainability of journalism itself, asking how its rampant need for economically sustainable business models can possibly be negotiated with its social and environmental obligations and impacts. In this way, the concept of sustainable journalism interlinks two current sustainability challenges that are of great theoretical relevance and in urgent need of empirical research.

This edited volume, which elaborates on the idea and concept of sustainable journalism, is the result of a perceived lack of integral research approaches to journalism and sustainable development. Thirty years ago, in 1987, the Brundtland Report pointed out economic growth, social equality and environmental protection as the three main pillars of a sustainable development. These pillars are intertwined, interdependent, and need to be reconciled. However, usually, scholars interested in the business crisis of the media industry tend to leave the social and environmental dimensions of journalism aside, and vice versa. What Is Sustainable Journalism? is the first book that discusses and examines the economic, social and environmental challenges of professional journalism simultaneously. This unique book and fresh contribution to the discussion of the future of journalism assembles international expertise in all three fields, arguing for the necessity of integral research perspectives and for sustainable journalism as the key to long-term survival of professional journalism. The book is relevant for scholars and master’s students in media economy, media and communication, and environmental communication.

During twelve weeks of practice experience at the company Sydved AB, I received the mission to develop a structure for the company’s internal communication. A part of this mission was to find out what the company’s employees thought of Sydveds internal communication and the most important; Sydveds intranet called “Outlook”. Due to Sydveds plans of developing the intranet I designed and accomplished an inquiry-study to find out about the employee’s opinions on the company´s internal communication and in particular their intranet.

The answers I want from this study are if I shaped the inquiry-study correctly the first time. Could I have done it in another, better way? What do scientists say about how to accomplish a qualitative inquiry-study?

For this purpose I have decided to apply a theory based study on my first inquiry-study, based on three different methods; literature study, analytic induction and theory probation.

The outcomes of the three different studies have developed my method. This new method describes how a qualitative inquiry-study through scientifically basis should be accomplished.

Social media has made it possible to have a conversation in real time through audio, images and text, with anyone worldwide. The easy availability of social media has created a new society. Companies and organizations have the opportunity to interact with their audiences and their target in a way not previously possible. Welcome to the Web 2.0 world!

Social media is a collective name for the communication channels that allow users to communicate directly with each other in real time through text, image or sound. Examples of social media are blogs, SMS, Skype, Facebook, Flickr, Youtube, Linkedin and Myspace.

The purpose of this essay is to explore social media's role and opportunities in terms of being able to influence companies and organizations marketing communication. We have used a qualitative approach and our thesis is based on a qualitative text analysis study where we have analyzed 13 articles (the articles are from scholarly journals, magazines and trade/professional) from 2007 to 2009. During the analysis, we chose to make use of sub queries that would lead us to our main question, how social media can influence companies and organizations marketing communication.

The results of our study show that social media includes everything that the traditional media is not. Social media is an arena dominated by the user and social media is about people. It gives us a unique opportunity to connect with other users. We can interact, socialize and create community. Social media serves as a good complement to other media to reach a certain audience or audiences. It requires no great financial need rather than engagement, says many of the article writers. Social media offers excellent opportunities for companies and organizations both for good and bad. Within just a few seconds, it can both help and destroy your brand. Companies and organizations need to change their mindset and approach and become more receptive to new ideas in the future. However, traditional media should not be excluded entirely from advertising work.

The fashion industry is one of the most environmentally damaging industries in the world and is permeated by poor working conditions. Fast-fashion companies that constantly produce new collections to be able to follow trends are a major contributing factor to the climate crisis. Consumers today put a lot of pressure on companies to take responsibility and companies must integrate CSR work into their operations in order to stay competitive on the market. Many companies therefore choose to include sustainability in their marketing communication so that consumers can consume their products with a clear conscience. The study aims to examine and compare H&M's and Gaps' marketing communication in their commercials. The companies are fast fashion companies and the purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge about how the companies use social and environmental sustainability in their marketing communication to sell products.

A qualitative method has been used in the study and by using a visual rhetorical analysis, the two commercials that make up the empirical material have been analyzed. The analysis schedule is designed with inspiration from Mral, Gelang and Bröm's proposals for analysis method. The results show that H&M and Gap convey the message that they take responsibility, both when it comes to social and environmental sustainability, although they do this in various ways and to different extents. Through the inclusion of sustainability in the commercials, it can be stated that both companies use this as a marketing strategy to market their brand and sell products. H&M focuses primarily on the recipient's common sense through the use of logos arguments, while Gap mainly focuses on emotions and credibility through the inclusion of pathos and ethos arguments.

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how TikTok users perceive advertising on TikTok, as well as to gain insight into how users perceive that their media usage has changed due to advertising on the platform. The results of the study are based on a qualitative method, where eight interviews have been conducted. The material that has been collected has been analyzed based on the concept of media usage and the theory of uses and gratifications, as well as based on previous research. The study is based on hermeneutics as a method theory, where all responses from the informants have been interpreted. This creates a comprehensive picture of how the informants perceive advertising on TikTok and how their media usage has changed due to it. Digital advertising has evolved in recent years, and this can be perceived in different ways, partly depending on motivational factors and personal preferences. The informant group uses TikTok and is exposed to advertising on the platform daily. Digital advertising is a way for companies to reach out and engage their target groups on social media platforms. The informants perceive the advertising as targeted, creative, interesting, naturally embedded, and easy to scroll past. They also perceive that their media usage is essentially unchanged by the advertising.

Studien undersöker hur sexualitet och sexuell njutning konstrueras i podcasten Alice & Bianca - Har du sagt A får du säga B. Syftet är att undersöka om podcasten följer de normer kring patriarkala strukturer som finns i samhället, som går att koppla till sexualitet och sexuell njutning. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av genusteori samt kritisk diskursanalys. Vald metod är likt teorin kritisk diskursanalys. Genom transkription av utvalda avsnitt har lexikala aspekter studerats.

Analysen som utgörs av metodologiska begrepp presenteras tematiskt. De tre framträdande teman som studien resulterat i är Alice och Bianca som sexgudinnor, Killar vs. Tjejer och Fylla + sex = sant. Utfallet av studiens diskussion bekräftar tidigare forskning då podcastens budskap är motsägelsefullt. Tydligast är att podcasten reproducerar och stärker heteronormen.

Marketing of cities and places is in many ways common to marketing of products and services. The difference is that places are more multidimensional than products, which makes the marketing of them more complex. In marketing of places factors like cultural heritage, traditions and local stakeholders need to be kept in mind. This study examines how residents perceive the place marketing of their municipality. The study focuses on resident’s trust in the municipality and how this may be affected by various types of marketing from the municipality or municipal companies.

To create understanding to this, one municipality was chosen as case study and 7 residents were interviewed. During the interviews, chosen parts of the municipalitys latest years’ marketing was shown. The respondent then were asked to describe his or hers perception of the marketing and how this might affect the perception of the municipality and the trust to it. The material from the interviews was transcribed and interpreted by models of how trust and confidence is built up or broken down.

Four main themes of how place marketing affects residents’ trust was identified: Transparency, truth, consequence and benevolence. Transparence means the municipality’s openness and tendency to show uncensored representation. Truth is about to which extend the messages seems to be truthful. Consequence means how well reality matches the communicated message, and to which extent promises and expectations are fulfilled. Benevolence stands for the intention behind the message and the aim and purpose of it. The study shows examples of how the municipality’s marketing are able to affect all four factors in both positive and negative direction.

Trust is an important factor in the community and a prerequisite for all kinds of interactions between people, organizations or institutions. This study provides understanding to the role of place marketing in trust between residents and their municipality.

Instagram, as one of today’s largest social media platforms, plays a significant part in the maintaining and reproducing of existing stereotypes and role expectations for women. The purpose of the thesis is to study how Instagram interprets violations against its guidelines, and whether decisions to remove certain pictures from the platform are in line with terms of use, or part of human subjectivity. The noticeable pattern among the removed pictures is that they are often norm-breaking. The thesis discusses communication within Instagram to reveal how and why some pictures are removed while others are not, which limits women’s possibilities to express themselves in non-conventional settings. The study applies semiotics to analyse 12 pictures that were banned from the platform without directly violating its guidelines. Role theory and norms are used to supplement semiotics and shed light on the underlying societal structures of female disadvantage. Two major conclusions are presented: 1) Instagram has unclearly communicated its guidelines to women’s disadvantage, and 2) Instagram has therefore been subjective in the decisions to have the pictures removed from the platform, also to women’s disadvantage. Further, the discussion focuses on how Instagram handles issues related to (1) female sexuality, (2) women stereotyping, and (3) female self-representation.

The aim of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how companies use different communication strategies related to sustainability in order to affect the consumers’ perceptions. More precisely it is the commercials of two Swedish companies, Apoteket and Ica, that are being studied. The companies have both been awarded as the top most sustainable companies in Sweden according to Swedish consumers. In order to acknowledge which strategies are being used and to investigate how the companies take advantage of their position as authorities a multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) is being used both as theory and method. The study’s theoretical framework is enhanced with research regarding advertising, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and persuasion strategies. The commercials are profoundly examined using MCDA where both language and visual signs are being studied. Research questions based on the theoretical framework are being used in order to review the material systematically and create thematic schemes.

The result indicates that common discourses exist in how the companies communicate with the public. Humour and emotions are central in the material and the visual choices contribute with associations regarding sustainability and health despite being expressed clearly. Apoteket and Ica fulfil the ethical and philanthropic stages of responsibility from the recipient’s perspective. Commonly for the two companies are the fact that the consumers are forced to engage in order for Ica and Apoteket to take their responsibility. Nonetheless the companies position themselves as good citizens who take responsibility for their businesses. 

Right-wing populist parties have been found to oppose most policies and measurements aimed at fighting climate change. In disseminating right-wing populist messages, social media are said to play a central role. This thesis investigates how the German right-wing populist party Alternative for Germany (AfD) constructed climate issues in its Instagram posts between September 2022 and April 2023 by employing various discursive strategies. The study adopts the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and analyses Instagram images and captions with a special focus on critique of argumentation and the sociopolitical context of the posts. The analysis reveals three macro-topics related to climate within the AfD's Instagram: energy policy, transport policy, and climate activism. In the sample, the party employs numerous features typical of populist discourse surrounding climate issues. Climate activists, Green politicians, the German government, and the EU are collectivized and criminalized through a populist us-vs-them rhetoric, further intensified by the visual nature of Instagram. Furthermore, the study uncovers the presence of multiple false or misleading statements within the posts. The findings indicate that the AfD's focus is more on criticising "the others" rather than engaging in substantive discussions on climate policies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited a shift from campus classrooms to distance education in higher education worldwide, shaping not only students’ experiences, but also those of teachers, especially those who never have taught online. In addition, the pandemic created a meta-context that has positioned distance education as something different from previous efforts. This study aimed to investigate higher education teachers’ experiences during the transition from classroom to online teaching by using a collective auto-ethnography method based on 13 personal stories from Swedish faculty. For the abductive approach in the analysis, a framework that combines lifelong learning theory with the context collapse concept has been applied. The disjuncture that the pandemic has elicited created a situation in which teachers had to make sense of the fact that their previous experiences did not completely fit the new situation. Context collapse, a term used to describe encounters with many audiences in social media, has been introduced to highlight the clash between professional and private contexts in online educational platforms. Based on lifelong learning theories, we suggest that context collapse should be examined in terms of how it can help improve higher education, as it holds the potential to include the entire person – body and mind – in education.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine if there´s been any affects in the content of the newspaper regarding the transition of Jönköpings-Posten going tabloid. The primary question that this study is based upon is if Jönköpings-Posten shows tendencies regarding tabloidization in the content due to the shift of the format 7th of November 2013.

Material and method: The material contains of six newspapers from Jönköpings-Posten, totally 12 parts, in printed format around the time of the shift. A quantitative content analysis has been used as a method where the notion tabloidization has been operationalized.

Conclusion: As a whole it is not possible to gather a straightforward increase of the tabloidization tendencies. It is not until a closer review of the result been made which tendencies of tabloidization in the content of the newspaper can be identified. The results are many times ambiguous and should regard to earlier research and theories speak for and against a tabloidization at the same time. One conclusion that is drawn concerning Jönköpings-Posten is that the newspaper only in a certain degree show signs of tabloidization in its content, in relation to the shift to tabloid. The study only partially supports the earlier opinion of previous research where a changed format also contributes to a changed content.

The purpose of this study is to understand how news consumers with different levels of institutionalized cultural capital perceive traditional and right-wing alternative media in order to see how these interpretations may give rise to different ways to view the same phenomenon with different angles. Previous studies within the same field have focused on what types of media news consumers with different backgrounds consume, but not so much how the content is perceived. How the content is perceived is something this study brings clarity to. This is a qualitative interview study where six news consumers with different backgrounds, depending on education and occupation, are asked to read and answer some questions regarding three different news articles. These articles cover the same story, which is the attack against the Notre-Dame cathedral in Nice on October 29th in 2020. The interviews have been analysed through the encoding/decoding-perspective, as well as class theory perspective.  

The result showcases that the general perception of the articles is relatively similar between the different respondents. The result also shows that neither the traditional nor the alternative media is perceived as objective or trustworthy. Furthermore, the result from a class theory perspective also shows how respondents with a higher cultural capital applies a more critical approach by applying their own opinions to a greater extent on the observations that are made.

The study aims to analyze the influencer Pontus Rasmusson ́s communication in relation to the crisis of confidence that occurred when his YouTube-channel was shut down due to him violating their policy regarding sexualization of children. The purpose of the study is to investigate how a public Swedish influencer handles and communicates a crisis that affects the personal brand and the image of the person. This study uses a qualitative rhetorical analysis and emanates from theories like image repair - theory and the rhetorical appeals ethos, pathos and logos. In the study, statements made by Pontus Rasmusson in relation to the crisis are analyzed. All of the statements are directly issued in relation to the crisis and are published on his Instagram. The result of the study shows that Pontus Rasmusson applies several different defensive strategies and rhetorical persuasion methods in his crisis communication. The analysis shows that Rasmusson uses simple denial, accident, good intentions, bolstering, minimization, differentiation, attack accuser and correct action as image repair strategies. The strategies that is used most frequently was simple denial and attack accuser. The study also shows how Rasmusson uses rhetorical appeals to regain trust and compassion in the situation. Most of Rasmussons statements are influenced by pathos where he tries to induce emotion of sympathy. The rhetorical appeal ethos is also used repeatedly, mostly when Rasmusson interacts directly with his followers. Logos only occurs in a few statements and is not something fundamental for his communication.  From the analysis it can be ascertained that some parts of Rasmusson´s communication changes during the time period. One distinctive founding is that he in the end changes from a negative attitude towards a positive and happy attitude. He also uses the strategies within reducing offensiveness more frequently percentage wise and other strategies that does not fit in any of the existing image-repair strategies and is therefore considered as “other”. 

The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the criticism female and male Idol participants receive from the Idol jury in the program Swedish Idol 2018, from a gender perspective. The study also investigates possible differences in the type criticism, depending on the Idol participants' sex. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA) as both theory and method, underlying messages in the Idol jury's criticism are revealed. The selection consisted of eight Idol participants: four female, two from Stockholm and two from Gothenburg and four male, two from Stockholm and two from Gothenburg. The jury´s criticism that the Idol participants received was analyzed based on the concepts stereotypes, sexualisation and naming.

The result shows that both male and female Idol participants are being sexualised and stereotyped in the Idol jury's criticism. However, the female Idol participants are expected to maintain a stereotypical feminine role, while the male Idol participants do not have to maintain a stereotypical masculine role. The Idol jury's namings show that female Idol participants are being categorised more than the male Idol participants. The Idol jury's criticism to the female participants has a great focus on the body as an object and sexual satisfaction, while the criticism to the male participants focuses more on detailed bodily characteristics.

Following study examined Before the Flood, a documentary film by and with Leonardo DiCaprio, from a rhetorical perspective. The purpose of the study was to see if and in what ways Leonardo DiCaprio, experts and the creators of the documentary film applied rhetorical strategies to strengthen the message of Before the Flood and how to seem convincing to the audience. The study applied a qualitative text analysis as a method and the three appeal forms, visual rhetoric and argumentation were the analysis tools of the study.

The result showed nine different analysis units, three for each analysis tool. Focus was put on ethos, logos and pathos as the rhetoric’s three different appeal forms. It also focused on visual images, body language and camera angles. Furthermore, the analysis focused on three different kinds of argumentation: images, threats and authorities. The study discussed the use of influential people as an argument to convince viewers to change in certain behaviour. Further, the study discussed how the use of rhetoric could play a major role in the strengthening of the message. The result showed that rhetorical strategies are used in Before the Flood. Both DiCaprio and the experts are using the rhetoric appeal forms and different kinds of arguments to seem convincing to the audience. The study demonstrated that there is an interaction between the rhetorical appeal forms and the argumentation, and the interaction is important to strengthen the emotions and the credibility of the documentary film. Lastly, the creators of Before the Flood have also applied visual tools to strengthen the emotions and argumentation, which resulted in a more reinforcing message.

The study explores how the Swedish luxury fashion brand House of Dagmar communicates their sustainability commitment on its website. Established by three sisters who drew inspiration from their grandmother, Dagmar, the fashion house positions itself as a global player and strives to create responsible and timeless fashion for women worldwide. In addition to the fashion brand's focus on creating appealing designs, the brand communicates a specific emphasis on sustainability as a core principle in their work. The fashion brand promotes its sustainability efforts with a particular focus on carefully selected high-quality materials and showcases various achievements in sustainability on their website. To examine how well the Swedish fashion brand aligns with the pursuit of sustainability, a thematic content analysis is employed. Further applying narrative theory and The Sustainable Fashion Communication Playbook (2023) as a theoretical framework, the study aims not only to quantify the company's sustainability efforts but also to deepen the understanding of the strategies and narrative methods used to convey these to consumers.

Following the analysis, it was observed that House of Dagmar's sustainable communication aligns with several themes and principles from The Sustainable Fashion Communication Playbook. They primarily emphasize the themes "Guide with Science" and "Change Behaviors and Methods," where they communicate about sustainable materials, certifications, and long-term goals. The analysis identified areas where the fashion brand can enhance its sustainability communication, including creating forums and/or platforms for transparent and open communication for consumer participation, involving prominent actors and front figures representing sustainability within the organization, as well as providing in-depth information about the company's production processes. Despite the emphasis on sustainability and initiatives to promote sustainable choices, the results indicate the need to clarify as well as deepen the company's sustainability communication to strengthen consumer trust and engagement.

Matproduktionen i världen står för en tredjedel av den totala klimatpåverkan och den måste minska för att bli hållbar. Restaurangbranschen har möjlighet att förändra konsumentmönster och ställa om till hållbar produktion samt skapa hållbarhetstrender. Men för att konsumenterna ska göra valet att äta på en hållbar restaurang behöver de känna till restaurangens hållbarhetsstrategier. I den här studien granskas hur Max Burgers har konstruerat sin hållbarhetskommunikation i sina reklamfilmer före jämfört med efter införandet av FNs globala mål år 2015. Det är en kvalitativ studie där en semiotisk analys och en kritisk visuell retorikanalys har använts för att undersöka materialet. Resultatet visar att reklamfilmerna före 2015 hade stort fokus på lyx och överflöd. Efter år 2015 och införandet av FNs globala mål kunde vi ur vår analys se att reklamfilmerna har skiftat fokus till ljusa färger och fler vegetariska alternativ samt skapat en större igenkänningsfaktor genom färgval, musik och känsla i dem senaste filmerna. 

This study focuses on how the popular culture maintains the so called macho culture through the action character James Bond. The macho culture imposes an unhealthy demand for men to be masculine, which affects their mental health. The two longest car scenes are examined in the latest Bond movie Spectre (2015). The aim of the study is to contribute with knowledge of how macho culture is presented in the film world.

The theoretical framework of this study is based on the narrative, which according to Selby and Cowdery (1995), is a story that in many cases is so basic and natural that the viewer overlooks it. According to Selby and Cowdery (1995), the narrative has the power to transform information and manipulate the viewer not to react to the events they see. The narrative analysis is based on semiotics, which means that the study's method is based on the semiotics connotation, denotation, and myth. The study uses an analysis model to make it easier to analyze James Bond, the model is divided into three categories, appearance, emotions, and driving.

The analysis showed that the demands and attributes of the macho culture were depicted in the scenes where we studied James Bond's appearance and feelings, and his driving. Mental illness and car crashes is examples of consecvenses that macho culture could lead to. Therefore, it ́s problematic for populare culture to continue depict James Bond in a stereotypical way.

Förord:

Lärande och kommunikations doktorandsymposium 2023 organiserades av HLKs Doktorandpodd. Symposiets syfte var att kommunicera och synliggöra specifikt HLK´s doktoranders pågående forskning i sitt lokala sammanhang.

Villkoret för att få medverka vid symposiet var att doktoranderna skulle vara inskrivna vid någon av Högskolan förLärande och Kommunikations (HLK) forskarutbildningar samt ett på förhand inskickat abstract. Instruktionerna för de abstract vi frågade efter innehöll endast en begränsning av ord (150–300). Sedan var det upp till varje doktorand att utforma sitt abstract efter eget tycke och smak. Det är också dessa abstract som presenteras i den här boken.

Symposiet gick av stapeln torsdagen 14 december 2023 och genomfördes i hybrid form. Charlotta Mellander, professor vid Jönköping International Business School (JIBS), var keynote speaker och berättade utifrån sina erfarenheter om alternativa möjligheter för forskare att nå ut med sin forskning till en bredare publik. Därefter presenterade tio doktorander sina forskningsprojekt. Efter varje presentation fick symposiets åhörare tillfälle till att ställa frågor. I vårt poddavsnitt 19 pratar vi mer om symposiet.

Symposiet sponsrades med fika av HLKs doktorandorganisation men organiserades alltså av HLKs Doktorandpoddsmedlemmar Karen Ann Blom, Josefin Rostedt och Jens Alvén Sjöberg.

Abstrakt boken ges ut av HLKs doktorandpodd vid Jönköping University och har designats av Jens Alvén Sjöberg.

Studien “Slow fashion - konsumera mer för att konsumera mindre” undersöker hur Djerf Avenue kommunicerar varumärkesidentitet baserat på slow fashion i relation till minimalistisk livsstil på Instagram. Fast fashion innefattar, billigt producerat mode med låg kvalitet och kort levnadstid, där överkonsumtion mättar behovet av att följa trender i stunden. Varumärket Djerf Avenue har till syfte att producera tidlösa klädesplagg med betoning på kvalitet framför kvantitet. De strävar efter att varje klädesplagg de producerar ska fungera att bära enskilt och tillsammans med andra plagg för att bygga en hållbar basgarderob. Djerf Avenue ägnar sig åt att sälja mer, parallellt, som de uppmanar till mindre konsumtion. För att studera vad som kan vara Djerf Avenues främsta varumärkesidentitet i kommunikation inom slow fashion i relation till minimalistisk livsstil, används en semiotisk bildanalys. Denotation och konnotation står i fokus, parallellt med visuella uttryck som verktyg, färgens betydelse och kroppens semiotik. Studiens teoretiska ramverk baseras på Brand identity och Advertising theory i syfte att undersöka vad som är Djerf Avenues främsta varumärkesidentitet och hur de kommunicerar detta i sin marknadskommunikation på Instagram.  Efter analysen gick det slutligen att konstatera hur Djerf Avenue kommunicerar deras varumärkesidentitet i form av bilder där kvinnor porträtteras i enkla kläder, även kallat basplagg. Dessa kläder tolkas vara från varumärket vilket i sin tur betonar att dessa inlägg publiceras i marknadsföringssyfte. Det konstaterades även att de publicerade bilderna är tagna i vardagliga miljöer, något som tolkas bidra till Djerf Avenues varumärkesidentitet, vilket baserat på analysen, konstateras vara minimalistisk livsstil.   Slow fashion och minimalistisk livsstil kan tolkas vara kopplade till varandra. I studien konstateras slow fashion vara den del i en minimalistisk livsstil som berör klädkonsumtion. Att handla ansvarsfullt med ett syfte, bidrar i längden till en minimalistisk garderob vilket kan argumenteras vara en väsentlig del för att leva en minimalistisk livsstil, det som konstaterats vara ett av Djerf Avenues främsta identitetsdrag. Analysen resulterar vidare i vikten av färg på kläderna Djerf Avenue kommunicerar på Instagram. Neutrala färger som vit och svart, styrker ytterligare vikten kring detaljerna i de bilder Djerf Avenue kommunicerar på Instagram för att marknadsföra och etablera deras varumärke på marknaden.  

Advertising has a major influence on the public and it affects our perception of the outside world. The purpose of this study is to examine how women, ethnic minorities and LGBTQ- people are depicted in Hennes & Mauritz campaign ”She’s a Lady”. ”She’s a Lady” has both been praised and criticized regarding its depiction of females and whether it upholds or breaks the social norms and stereotypes in today’s society.

The study’s methodology is a qualitative content analysis based on semiotics’ denotation and connotation. The theoretical approach of the study contains of Yvonne Hirdmans theory of gender and the theory of semiotics. Two analytic schemas was constructed to clarify the campaigns’ denotation, connotation and sound and lyrics. The campaigns sequences are further on discussed and theorized. The analysis concludes that Hennes & Mauritz’s campaign ”She’s a Lady” breaks today’s social norms and upholds stereotypical depictions previous research has concluded towards women, ethnic minorities and LGBTQ- people. This study concludes that stereotypes such as “white beauty ideal”, femininity, Asian stereotypes, African stereotypes and LGBTQ-stereotypes are maintained. “She’s a Lady” is breaking social norms by representing different ethnicities, body types, sexualities and gender identities as well as depicting women in different characteristics. 

Ulricehamn – Overgrown small town or Beautiful lake town?

- a study about Ulricehamn’s image of today and future profile

Branding is increasingly being used as a concept to distinguish places and cities. Cities have long been in need of differentiating themselves from each other (Kavaratzis & Ashworth, 2004). Place branding has become a daily occurrence for cities, municipalities and countries. Construction of a city’s brand comes from its structure, communication and care of its image. It concerns visitors as well as the people who live in the city. Place branding can also be seen as place management. It aims to change how the city is being perceived by specific target groups. It may involve creating an identity with a personal, unique and original value, impossible for other cities to copy. It involves combining the activities and characteristics of a city’s image along with the chemistry from the people who live there. The city is a potential destination for visitors. The tourism industry is growing in Sweden (Turismen i Sverige – 2007). Municipalities and regions increasingly invest in their tourism. The city is also a place for living and working. Many cities strive to keep their inhabitants and to not become so called “emigrate cities” (www.scb.se). For cities to communicate a positive profile, it means that all inhabitants must first carry a positive image of their home town and act as local ambassadors.

We have chosen a small city in Sweden - Ulricehamn - to see how they work to manage the profile and the image of the city to correspond with the people who live in the city. We have done a qualitative interview and a qualitative text analysis with focus on the planned marketing material for Ulricehamn. Further we have carried out a survey to find out what the image of Ulricehamn is among the inhabitants of the city. How close is the future and preferred profile in comparison to the image of today, seen from the perspective of Ulricehamn’s inhabitants’?

Our results show that there is a gap between the future, preferred profile and the image of today having conducted a study of the people who live in Ulricehamn. The visionary profile is modern and offers attractive living, education and job prospects. The people who live in Ulricehamn think that it is a pleasant and beautiful city however the negative aspects are that it is boring with a limited range of jobs and entertaining. The positive attitudes toward Ulricehamn are related to its beautiful surroundings and the many leisure time activities. Negative attitudes are related to the poor offer of entertainment, culture, shopping etc. The management of Ulricehamn, including Näringsliv Ulricehamn AB (a company under development, starting May 1st 2008) is now facing the challenge to get the identity, the position and the image of Ulricehamn to overlap. The people who live in Ulricehamn are an important factor in creating a strong brand for the city.

Under hösten 2017 fick #metoo en enorm spridning i sociala medier. Rörelsen har beskrivits som en nutida revolution, och av länderna i Norden hade metoo-rörelsen störst genomslag i Sverige. Den här studien kommer att fokusera på Fredrik Virtanen, som tidigt hängdes ut med namn och bild i svenska medier efter de våldtäktsanklagelser som riktats mot honom. Ett år senare fick Virtanen möjlighet att uttala sig i media och försvara sig mot dessa anklagelser.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur retoriska strategier har använts i samband med #metoo, samt hur de kan vara användbara vid självförsvar. Studiens teoretiska ramverk bygger på retoriken och självförsvarsteorin apologia, som båda används för att analysera ord i skrift och tal. Med hjälp av en retorisk textanalys som metod, kommer vi att analysera hur Virtanen väljer att svara på anklagelserna.

Resultatet visar att Virtanen använder sig av samtliga tre övertalningsstrategier, ethos, logos och pathos, i sina två uttalanden. Resultatet visar även att Virtanen använder sig av retoriska självförsvarsstrategier, framförallt förnekelse. Detta kan vara en farlig självförsvarstrategi att använda sig av, eftersom den fungerar bäst om publiken tror att den anklagade är oskyldig. En retorisk textanalys kan inte få fram ett resultat som visar om en person är skyldig eller oskyldig. Däremot visar vår analys att de tre övertalningsstrategierna som Virtanen använder sig av inte kompletterar varandra, vilket kan framställa honom som mindre trovärdig.

This article discusses, from a Peircean semiotic perspective, (1) the logic of algorithms employed by Facebook to foster audience engagement as it relates to the spreadability of fake news in the context of transmedia journalism, and (2) how our own methods of fixation of beliefs influence this process. The methodological approach encompasses a qualitative conceptual study of Peircean semiotics, focusing on concepts such as truth, reality, representation, fixation of beliefs, and collateral experiences, as a proposition to investigate the relationship between algorithms, fake news, and transmedia journalism. The research findings point to the fact that social media networks such as Facebook have their share of responsibility in the current fake news furor, but audiences are also involved in this issue as their behavior and beliefs play an important role in feeding Facebook’s algorithms.

The stereotypical portrayal of women in advertising has been characterized by sexual and objectifying allusions for a long time. The purpose of this study is to analyze Nike’s use of the feminist concept femvertising, which takes a stand against traditional portrayals of women, in selected clips from the two commercials Dream Crazier and Dream With Us, both released in 2019. This is done by studying how the women and the girls in the selected clips are being portrayed, and what themes that can be identified in the analyzed material.

The study’s theoretical framework consists of feminism, the male gaze, femvertising, gender theory, gender systems and gender stereotypes. The study was conducted with a qualitative text analysis combined with semiotics, where denotation and connotation forms the basis of the analysis scheme that was developed to answer the study’s framing of questions. Furthermore, the material was analyzed using the already established semiotic analysis concepts gaze, setting, pose and camera angle.

The results show that the women and the girls in the selected clips and sequences from the two commercials are portrayed in a norm-breaking way and that the commcercials contain a clear expression of femvertising through the empowering messages that are being conveyed. The presentation of the women and the girls also contradict the traditional female stereotype in advertising, which is characterized by passivity and sexualisations. Instead, many traditionally masculine attributes, such as strength, power and self-confidence are found in the female portrayal.

This study analyses the marketing communication of Systembolaget. The material is the organization's last three tv-commercials. The aim of the study is to problematize the marketing communication of Systembolaget since it is a non-profit organization owned by the government. The organization exists to keep the alcohol consumption in control and to reduce the alcohol-related problems in society. The three latest tv-commercials of Systembolaget are analyzed through a multimodal critical discourse analysis as both theory and method. The language is critically reviewed through relevant tools. In MCDA the language includes both the expressions in writing and verbal, and also visual signs. The material is divided in three themes: alcohol as something exclusive, alcohol as something humorous and the contra wise language of Systembolaget. A study of this phenomenon helps to clarify how Systembolaget can be marketed even though the organization has no purpose to make financial profit. The study also describes how the two research fields marketing communication and strategic communication are connected. The results show how the social responsibility by the government does not show clearly at the same time as humor is used to catch the attention of the public.

Bakgrund: Medielandskapet är i ständig förändring. Med den nya digitala tekniken växer fler kommunikationskanaler fram och det blir allt mer tydligt att företag idag måste anpassa sin kommunikationsstrategi efter sina målgruppers sätt att kommunicera. På senare år har det blivit alltmer avgörande att kunna ha en dialog med sin målgrupp och därmed har de sociala medierna fått en allt mer betydelsefull roll.                                                                      

Syfte: Hur uppfattar några av Sveriges största företag traditionella och sociala medier som kommunikationskanaler i en tid då båda existerar? Vi ville även undersöka om nyhetsvärderingarna håller på att förändras när information publiceras i ett socialt medium istället för ett traditionellt.

Teoretisk ram: Uppsatsen utgår ifrån teorier som handlar om konvergens, gatekeeping och nyhetsvärdering. Vidare diskuteras även företags medierelationer och kanalval.

Metod: Uppsatsens metodologiska ansats bygger på kvalitativ metod. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer med fem företag och analyserades sedan utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv.

Resultat: Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att några av Sveriges största företag inte anser att deras kommunikation har förändrats nämnvärt sedan sociala medier tillkommit som kommunikationskanal. Det är fortfarande traditionella medier som uppfattas som det säkra och trygga alternativet när det gäller för företagen att nå ut med information till en bred målgrupp. De gör det då genom pressmeddelanden och presskonferenser medan de kommunicerar via sociala medier med hjälp av rörliga bilder, korta och snabba nyheter och för att humanisera företaget. Fördelarna med traditionella medier är att de har en större trovärdighet, företagen vet att de når ut med sitt budskap och att de når många. Dock kan de traditionella medierna ses som en envägskommunikation där det är svårt för företagen att få igång en dialog och veta hur kommunikationen landar hos mottagarna eftersom traditionella medier inte ger någon större feedback. Genom sociala medier ser däremot företagen möjligheter till interaktion, dialog, snabb feedback på om informationen gått fram samt tillfälle att göra en snabb omvärldsbevakning. Samtliga företag ser även sociala medier som ett bra komplement till de traditionella medierna. Däremot ser inte företagen att nyhetsvärderingarna har förändrats avsevärt i och med de sociala mediernas tillkomst.

En organisationskultur är unik i sig och varierar mellan organisationer och är själva kärnan i organisationen. Då få tidigare studier har gjorts om akademiska organisationskulturer inom högskolevärlden blev detta ett intresse och ligger till grund för studien. Undersökningsobjektet är Jönköpings International Business School, JIBS, och dess organisationskultur.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och öka förståelse för en del av JIBS organisationskultur. Vilka värderingar har de anställda om organisationskulturen och hur kommuniceras den, hur socialiseras de nya studenterna in i organisationskulturen av personal och ledning, och vad kommunicerar de artefakter som finns på JIBS, är de frågeställningar som har använts. Då detta var relativt outforskat är studien explorativ och är avsedd att ge en försmak av en del av JIBS organisationskultur. En kvalitativ metod valdes för att belysa organisationskulturen och genom 7 stycken samtalsintervjuer och en övergripande observation samlades det empiriska materialet in.

Resultaten av studien visar på att JIBS organisationskultur genomsyras av den akademiska värld de anställda lever och arbetar i. Kulturen är individualistisk, kritisk, heterogen, konfliktfylld, påverkad av förändringar som har skett, relativt dold och omedveten hos de anställda, samt oklar och obestämd men ändå påtaglig i organisationen. De anställda har en del gemensamma värderingar men som inte alltid överrensstämmer med organisationens värderingar. Det råder en ovisshet om vilken kultur de har, hur de kommunicerar den och vilken betydelse den har för organisationen och dess anställda.

Kvinnliga yrken är yrken som domineras av kvinnor, exempelvis barnmorska,

tandhygienist, sjuksköterska och förskollärare. Men det finns även män som har

dessa yrken och det skrivs också då och då om dem i tidningar. De är ovanliga, men

blir vanligare då det görs satsningar för att få in fler män på dessa arbetsplatser.

Att undersöka hur de framställs i media och se vilka varianter av manlighet som

förmedlas är syftet med denna undersökning. Materialet kommer från svensk

dagspress och innefattar både lokala och rikstäckande tidningar.

För att svara på frågeställningarna gjordes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Materialet

omfattar tolv artiklar med intervjuer med män i kvinnodominerade yrken.

Resultatet visar att de flesta männen inte tänker så mycket på manligt och kvinnligt

och känner inte att deras manlighet är hotad av det kvinnliga yrket. De män som

känner en motsättning mellan manlighet och yrket var äldre. I artiklarna framhålls

det att männen trivs med yrket, att de är ovanliga på arbetsplatsen och är

omvårdande som personer.

This study strives to see media’s reporting on two Swedish political scandals. The first scandal, the Geijer affair, occurred in 1977 and the second, Miljöpartiet’s crisis, occurred in 2016. The study will examine articles, both editorial articles and news articles, from the newspapers Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The study aims to examine how media writes about political scandals and it also strives to examine if media´s reporting has changed over time and if so, how it has changed. The study uses a qualitative content analysis as an approach in order to capture the texts latent and manifest message, and the method is used in order to see similarities and differences. The theoretical frameworks that is used for the study is framing and agenda setting, the study falls under the research fields of political communication and political scandals. In the result there are a lot of similarities regarding the reporting from the two years. However, more differences than similarieties have been found in the result. The main difference was the fact that during 1977 the politicians managed to silence the media and they were able to transfer the blame from themselves and put in on the media instead, which was not possible in 2016. Another difference that can be read from the result is that the politician from the scandal in 2016 had to resign, a similar consequence did not occur in 1977. One similaritie between the two years was how media magnifies the scandals using negative words, furthermore the accused politicans are illustrated in a negative way and portrayed as bad people. The reporting is consistently critical and scrutinizing during both years.

I denna studie undersöks Aftonbladets mobila nyhetsapplikation, som syftar till att ”pusha” ut information om de viktigaste händelserna. Studien undersöker hur stor andel av nyhetsartiklarna som berör ämnesområdet brott. Därefter undersöks vad som karaktäriserar de brottsrelaterade nyhetsartiklarna och dess tillhörande push-notiser som dyker upp på mottagarens mobilskärm. Målet med studien är att skapa en ökad förståelse för Aftonbladets mobila nyhetsapplikation som informationskanal, med ett övergripande fokus på händelser som berör brott.

För att besvara studiens syfte tillämpas en kvantitativ innehållsanalys, som möjliggör en kvantifiering av en större mängd analysenheter. Variablerna är framtagna utifrån tidigare forskning samt studiens teoretiska ramverk, som innefattar följande teorier: nyhetsvärdering, intressanta/viktiga nyheter samt medielogikens dramaturgi.

Studiens resultat visar att brottsnyheterna har ett högt nyhetsvärde. Push-notiserna som sänds ut via den mobila nyhetsapplikationen kan därmed ses som en förlängning av vad som kännetecknar kvällspressen i andra nyhetskanaler. Studiens resultat stämmer väl överens med Hvitfelts (1985) nyhetsvärderingskriterier beträffande ämnesområde, närhet och källor. Vidare visar resultatet att push-notiserna många gånger förenklas, personifieras och konkretiseras för att på så sätt attrahera mottagaren.  

Den här studien syftar till att undersöka hur förhållandet mellan kommunikatörer och journalister kan se ut utifrån ett kommunikatörsperspektiv. Detta för att öka förståelsen för hur kommunikationsyrket har utvecklats och hur det uttrycker sig i kommunikatörens makt att påverka mediernas innehåll. För att uppnå ytterligare förståelse för kommunikationssyrket tas även etik-aspekten upp. Materialet studien utgår från har samlats in genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem yrkesverksamma personer inom kommunikationsbranschen. Genom denna metod kan vi komma åt de enskilda erfarenheter och uppfattningar respondenterna har kring förhållandet mellan dem själva och journalisterna. De transkriberade intervjuerna har sedan tematiserats och resultatet har tolkats i relation till det teoretiska ramverket. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår främst från journalistikforskning med teorier som medielogik, dagordningsteorin, gestaltningsteorin och grindvaktsteorin, och har även kompletterats med definitioner av makt, opinionsbildning, etik, news management och information subsidy.

Studiens analys visar fem teman som utmärker sig i materialet. Utifrån dessa kan vi utläsa hur kommunikatörer ser på förhållandet till journalister som att det finns ett ömsesidigt beroende, att det föreligger en stark respekt till journalistyrket, att gränserna mellan yrkena håller på att suddas ut, och att de etiska aspekterna i kommunikationsyrket främst handlar om att kommunicera sanning. Vi kommer fram till att kommunikatörers makt har ökat under de senaste decennierna och vi för en diskussion kring vad detta innebär. Slutsatsen vi drar är att det är viktigt att det finns en tydlig gräns mellan de båda yrkena så att journalistiken förblir objektiv.

The focus of this study is how the culprit of a crime, as well as events surrounding him, are framed within the true crime genre. To limit the scope of the study, the focus will be on the framing of Ted Bundy in the documentary Conversations with a killer: the Ted Bundy tapes. This is done in order to achieve the purpose of the study: to see how the framing of culprits are constructed within the true crime genre.

Framing theory, multimodal discourse analysis (MCDA) and media logic constitute the theoretical framework. Furthermore, MCDA is also used as the study’s method. In the first part of the analysis, analytical concepts from MCDA are used in order to implement a critical study of both linguistic and visual parts of the documentary. In the second part of the analysis, conventions for the true crime genre are studied.

Results from the analysis show that the documentary uses more narrative techniques from the fictive crime genre than traditional crime reporting. This indicates that real events are dramatized in the documentary. Furthermore, the results show that the documentary adheres to many of the set conventions for true crime.

Vid marknadsföring av musik finns det en mängd olika aktiviteter att använda sig av. Den traditionella marknadsmixen med dess beståndsdelar brukar användas, men eftersom marknadsföring inom musikbranschen är komplicerad används också andra aktiviteter. Liveframträdande, radiospelaningar och framträdande i TV är några av de aktiviteter som används inom det här området.

Syftet med vår uppsats har varit att undersöka effektiviteten hos kanalerna som används för att få studenter att köpa musik. Vi ville se vilka kanaler som är effektivast, samt om det fanns några mindre effektiva kanaler vid marknadsföring av musik. Ytterligare hoppades vi på att få reda på hur ofta studenterna köper musik, samt om det fanns några anledningar till varför de inte köper mer musik.

Vi har använt oss av en kvantitativ metod där 305 studenter från högskolan i Jönköping svarade på frågor i enkätform.

Resultatet visar att respondenterna får information om nysläppt musik genom Word of Mouth, reklam och redaktionellt material i TV och radio. Den aktivitet som har störst påverkan på våra respondenter när det gäller att få information om musik och inköpsställe av musik är Word of Mouth.

Studenterna i vår undersökning köper musik i genomsnitt en gång om året. Anledningen till att de inte köper mer beror främst på att de skaffar sin musik på annat sätt samt att det är för dyrt med musik.

In the post-pandemic world, we see the exacerbation of digital connections but also inequalities between countries with higher or lower degrees of access to fast Internet services. Digitization processes enable and intensify global exchanges and yet expand disconnections as they globalize debates and solutions without considering the different levels of accessibility, digital literacy, and Internet infrastructure in less privileged communities. Such discrepancies are reflected in learning levels and, consequently, in the development of social sustainability. The original transmedia educommunication method discussed here consists of a week-long gamified intervention in schools with students between 11 and 14 years old. Through this experience, we aim to develop media and text literacy skills in students and teachers. Our objective is to give them the tools to distinguish between textual genres and their purposes.

Climate change is affecting every country on every continent and weather events are becoming more extreme. Natural disasters are three times more frequent today than they were 50 years ago, and natural disasters are more intense and complex. An important aspect of climate change and natural disasters is journalism, as it is partly the one that reports on these events and informs society. This study examines the discourses represented in articles about natural disasters from two different years - 2009 and 2018 - and in two different geographical locations - Australia and Sweden. It also examines whether climate change discourse is present, and if so, how it was then represented. In this paper, the analytical method of discourse analysis was used along with media logic and the psychological climate paradox. The study concludes that the three most common discourses in the sample are natural disaster discourse, climate change discourse and security discourse. The climate change discourse was neither the most nor the least present discourse. The most striking similarities between 2009 and 2018 in terms of climate change discourse is that the discourse was not more present in either the 2009 or 2018 material, the amount was the same. The most striking difference was that in the 2018 material, climate change discourse was present throughout the text, whereas in the 2009 material it was only present in certain parts, for example in a graphic element.

In Swedish society, food is the fourth most prominent area of consumption. The number of large grocery shops is increasing, and today a consumer can choose between several different brands for the same product. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about defining sustainable food consumption as well as a lack of knowledge about how the consumer receives communication about sustainable food consumption. By using semi-structured qualitative in-depth interviews with students from a Swedish university, this study investigates whether sustainable food consumption is relevant to young people living with limited resources and how they define the concept. The study also examines how the interviewees make sense of communication promoting sustainable food consumption. Results illustrate that sustainable food consumption is not as relevant for students due to today’s expensive food prices. However, these students were also motivated and informed. They knew how to consume sustainably but were constrained by the economic situation. In addition, the students had difficulty defining sustainable food consumption, while they had no problems defining the more general concept of sustainability. Secondly, the public opinion about communication to promote sustainability was negative because the messages were either misleading or not transparent enough; the recipients became confused and critical. The messages were therefor interpreted as inauthentic.

The study "Governmental communication through legislation – a crisis situation in the present or in the future?" aims to examine in what way two global crises are communicated by state legislation to see if and how those in power in Sweden use their resources. The study analyzes two laws using qualitative text analysis with a theoretical framework consisting of Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), Crisis Communication Theory and Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Model (CERC). The empirical materials are Klimatlagen (Climate Law) (SFS 2017: 720) and Lagen om särskilda begränsningar för att förhindra spridning av sjukdomen covid-19 (the law on special restrictions to prevent the spread of the covid-19 disease) (SFS 2021: 4), which came into force in 2018 and 2021. The climate crisis and the covid-19 pandemic resemble each other in a lot of ways: both transcends borders and that affects the whole world, both nationally and internationally. Since legislation communicates how individuals and the government should and should not act, it is important to examine what legislation about two global crises tells us. Given that previous research shows that resources are put into responding to crises, rather than preventing them (Ross et al., 2015). The consequence of this is that society is exposed to crises that could have been prevented. The results of the study show that the climate crisis mainly is communicated as a future crisis while the covid-19 pandemic is handled as an ongoing crisis. The strategies for crisis response also differ, the content of the Climate Act is consistently characterized by diminution and denial, but the bolstering strategy can also be interpreted. The strategies in the Pandemic Act argues to be bolstering, but elements of denial can also be interpreted.

The study examines how success is presented in the podcast Framgångspodden. The purpose is to examine how success is presented in the intros of the guests and which impression women want to mediate of themselves as successful. The study is theoretically based on Pierre Bourdieus idea of capital form, Erving Goffmans theory about self-presentation and postfeminist theory. The analysis is divided into two parts and contain both quantitative content analysis and qualitative textual analysis with thematization.

In the first analysis we identify which capital forms figure in the intros of the guests by the naming of employment titles, symbolic capital occurred most often. In the second analysis, three themes appear clearly in the way women want to present themselves. The three themes are The will to present everything, The importance of the free will and Relations = a personal profit. The conclusion shows that in the presentation of success there is a taboo to talk directly about money, presentment of unreachable goals and an individualistic mindset concerning relations.