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• 101.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Pressure dependence of the c-axis resistance of stage 2 SbCl5 intercalated graphite to 4 GPa1988In: Solid State Communications, ISSN 0038-1098, E-ISSN 1879-2766, Vol. 65, no 7, p. 735-738Article in journal (Refereed)

The c-axis electrical resistance R has been measured under pressure up to 4 GPa (40 kbar) at room temperature for stage 2, HOPG-based SbCl5 intercalated graphite. In addition to the well known ordering transition at 0.3–0.5 GPa a second anomaly in R is observed above 1 GPa, corresponding to a further phase transition which is not completed until above 2.4 GPa. In all phases R depends more strongly on p for the intercalated material than for HOPG, and the total decrease in R is over 80% to 4 GPa.

• 102.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
A high-pressure cell for electrical resistance measurements at hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa: Results for Bi, Ba, Ni, and Si1989In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 65, no 10, p. 3943-3950Article in journal (Refereed)

A modified Bridgman anvil high-pressure device, capable of producing hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa (80 kbar), was designed and built. The size of the pressure chamber (10 mm in diameter) allows the use of large specimens and simple experimental procedures. Experimental results show that hydrostatic conditions are necessary if accurate quantitative information is desired about the electrical properties of materials under pressure. Accurate data on resistance (and resistivity) versus pressure at 294 K are given for Bi, Ba, Ni, and Si. The initial pressure coefficients of R were d(ln R)dP=0.13, −7.6×10−2, −2.0×10−2, and −0.26 GPa−1, respectively. Barium has a resistance minimum near 0.9 GPa. For Bi we observe sharp transitions at 2.55, 2.7, and 7.7 GPa, and for Ba at 5.55 GPa, but we cannot verify the existence of a transition in Ba near 7 GPa. Neither do we confirm the phase transformation in Ni recently reported to occur above 2.5 GPa. For Si, R(P) agrees very well with a theoretical function calculated from the change in band gap and electron mobility with pressure.

• 103.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Electrical resistivity measurements under hydrostatic conditions up to 10 GPa1984In: Journal de Physique Colloques vol. 45: Supplément C8, Physics and Physicochemistry of Highly Condensed Matter; Proceedings of the XXIInd Meeting of the EHPRG, Aussois, Sept. 1984, 1984, p. 379-382Conference paper (Refereed)

A large scale Bridgman anvil system has been designed. Steel gaskets permit compression of a methanol-ethanol medium over a volume of 500-250 mm3. Up to 12 wires have been used to contact specimens. The system has so far served up to 7.5 GPa, with anvils made of ASP tool steel. The transition Bi III-V was found to occur at a lower pressure than the recommended average. The electrical resistance of copper was measured up to 6 GPa under hydrostatic conditions.

• 104.
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media.
Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of applied science and design. Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Information Technology and Media. Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of applied science and design. Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of applied science and design. Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of applied science and design. Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of applied science and design. Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of applied science and design.
Contacting paper-based supercapacitors to printed electronics on paper substrates2012In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 476-480Article in journal (Refereed)

Hybrid printed electronics, in which printed structures and silicon-based components co-exist will likely be among the first commercial solutions. In this case the paper substrate acts much in the same way as circuit boards, containing conductive tracks and acting as a carrier for the electrical components. It is important to consider the contacting of the components to be able to produce low resistance electrical contacts to the conductive tracks. Supercapacitors are able to deliver a large amount of current in a short time and are a good option for short term energy storage and if the printed product is to be used only one, or a few times, it can be the only power source needed. When manufacturing printed electronics, the overall resistance of the printed tracks as well as the contact resistance of the mounted components will add up to the total resistance of the system. A high resistance will cause a voltage drop from the power source to the component. This will waste power that goes to Joule heating and also the voltage and current available to components may be too low to drive them. If the intention is to use a power supply such as batteries or solar cells this becomes a limitation. In this article have been tested several conductive adhesives used to contact paper based supercapacitors to ink jet printed silver tracks on paper. The best adhesive gives about 0.3 Ω per contact, a factor 17 better compared to the worst which gave 5 Ω. The peak power that is possible to take out from a printed system with a flexible battery and super capacitors is about 10 times higher than compared with the same system with only the battery.

• 105.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
DYNAMIC SCALING IN THE ISING REENTRANT SPIN-GLASS FE0.62MN0.38TIO31990In: Physica. B, Condensed matter, ISSN 0921-4526, E-ISSN 1873-2135, Vol. 165, p. 183-184Article in journal (Refereed)
• 106.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
OVERLAP LENGTH IN A CU-MN SPIN-GLASS PROBED BY AC SUSCEPTIBILITY1993In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter, ISSN 0163-1829, E-ISSN 1095-3795, Vol. 48, p. 13977-13980Article in journal (Refereed)

An important theoretical concept in the ‘’droplet” model of spin glasses is the existence of an overlap length. Experimentally this concept was verified by dc-magnetization measurements. However, recent ac-susceptibility measurements by Lefloch et al. [Europhys. Lett. 18, 647 (1992)] have been interpreted to contradict this result. In this paper, ac-susceptibility and dc-magnetization measurements on a Cu (2% Mn) spin glass are reported. The results of the ac-susceptibility measurements are consistent with dc measurements and provide evidence for the existence of an overlap length in 3d spin glasses at low temperatures.

• 107.
KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
Comment on “Superconducting state of Ca-VII below a critical temperature of 29 K at a pressure of 216 GPa”2011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 84, no 21Article in journal (Refereed)

In a recent paper, Sakata et al. [ Phys. Rev. B 83 220512 (2011)] report on superconductivity at 29 K in Ca under high pressure. Here, I argue that their method to define the onset of the superconducting transition temperature from resistivity measurements is misleading and that the correct value for the onset of the transition based on resistivity data shown in their paper should be 21 K. The discrepancy between these two temperatures is explained by superconducting fluctuations occurring at temperatures above the superconducting transition temperature.

• 108.
KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
Helt orimliga förhoppningar2012In: Forskning och framsteg, ISSN 0015-7937, no 2, p. 72-72Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
• 109.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
Studies of magnetoresistance and Y substitutions in YBa2Cu3O7-delta high temperature superconductors1992Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
• 110.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
Physics Department, Chalmers University of Technology. Departement de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève. Physics Department, Chalmers University of Technology. KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
RELATION BETWEEN THE CU(1)-O(4) DISTANCE AND T(C) IN Y1-2XCAXTHXBA2CU3O7-DELTA - RAMAN-SCATTERING AND CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION1992In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter, ISSN 0163-1829, E-ISSN 1095-3795, Vol. 46, no 10, p. 6501-6504Article in journal (Refereed)

The strong depression of T(c) with Ca-Th substitution in Y1-2xCaxThxBa2Cu3O7-delta has been investigated in a model calculation of the electronic and phononic contributions from the apex oxygen, O(4), on the electron-phonon interaction, lambda. The shift with Ca-Th substitution of the characteristic O(4) vibrational mode was measured by Raman scattering. The electronic part eta of lambda has been calculated at several distances between chain Cu(1) and O(4) in the region of the observed variation with x. Eta was found to depend strongly on this distance. The results show a small increase with x of the O(4) frequency and a strong decrease of eta. Both these factors thus contribute to a decrease of lambda. We therefore find evidence that a decreasing electron-phonon interaction is associated with the depression of T(c) in Ca-Th substituted YBa2Cu3O7-delta.

• 111.
KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
Electronic and structural properties of Laves-phase MgZn(2) of varying chemical disorder2010In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 82, no 2, p. 024202-Article in journal (Refereed)

The C14 Laves-phase MgZn(2) has been investigated from 30 to 36 at. % Mg. In this way chemical disorder can be monitored over a limited concentration range and the influence on electron properties can be investigated. Our studies include thermodynamic calculations of atomic configurations of Mg and Zn at off-stoichiometric compositions, electronic-transport measurements, and electronic band-structure calculations of MgZn(2). The disorder introduced by alloying was found to be substitutional for all C14 alloys, and to have a markedly stronger effect on resistivity and magnetoresistance, Delta rho(B)/rho(0), on the Mg-rich side due to strain introduced when Mg substitutes for Zn. rho(T) and Hall constant were characteristic for weakly disordered binary alloys. Delta rho/rho of MgZn(2) was large, reached 6 at 4.2 K and 8 T, and decreased strongly at off-stoichiometric compositions. The results are discussed in view of the band-structure results and in terms of relations between atomic order and electronic properties. Several properties were found to resemble pure Zn. An empirical correlation over more than six orders of magnitude in Delta rho/rho was found for Zn and Zn-based alloys.

• 112.
Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
Vortex solid-to-liquid transition in DyBa2Cu3O7-delta/(Y0.45Pr0.55)Ba2Cu3O7-delta multilayers1996In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 54, no 1, p. 675-681Article in journal (Refereed)

Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a coupled multilayer system consisting of thin (24 Angstrom) superconducting layers of DyBa2Cu3O7-delta each separated by 96 Angstrom of (Y0.45Pr0.55)Ba2Cu3O7-delta have been studied in the mixed state. Analyses of vortex glass scaling and signs of the clean system melting transition in the dynamics of our multilayers both suggest that the vortex system is close to three-dimensional for magnetic fields up to several T. Therefore, the theoretically predicted crossover when in-plane vortex correlations become more important than out-of-plane vortex correlations (occurring at a few tenths of a T in our multilayers) does not correspond to a complete decoupling of the superconducting layers in these materials.

• 113.
Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva. Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
H-T PHASE-DIAGRAM OF DYBA2CU3O7-DELTA(Y0.45PR0.55)BA2CU3O7-DELTA MULTILAYERS IN THE MIXED-STATE1994In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 235, p. 2617-2618Article in journal (Refereed)

From measurements of I-V characteristics of DyBa2Cu3O7-delta/(Y0.45Pr0.55)Ba2Cu3O7.delta multilayers, we have experimentally determined the characteristic temperature separating the vortex liquid from the vortex solid. We suggest that the cross-over temperature is determined by the anisotropy given by the artificially layered structure of these multilayers and that the studied system can be used as a test system for vortex dynamics.

• 114.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
Arrheniulaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrhemiuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet.
(Ca,Pr) substitutions in Y- and Sm-based 1:2:3 superconductors1992In: / [ed] Per-Anker Lindgård, Odense, Denmark: Risø National Laboratory , 1992, p. 236-236Conference paper (Other academic)
• 115.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
STRUCTURAL, THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL STUDIES OF THE Y1-2XCAXTHXBA2CU3O7-DELTA SYSTEM WITH 0 LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO 0.201989In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 160, no 1, p. 65-68Article in journal (Refereed)
• 116.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
MAGNETORESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS ON (CA,TH)-DOPED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA1991In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 185, p. 1901-1902Article in journal (Refereed)

Magnetoresistance measurements on sintered Y1-2xCaxThxBa2Cu3O7-delta samples with x < = 0.1 are reported. By fitting the measured data to the Hikami-Larkin theory, we obtain coherence lengths, xi-ab and xi-c’ and a phase breaking time tau-phi All these parameters are found to decrease with (Ca,Th) doping. We also conclude that magnetoresistance measurements are highly sensitive to inhomogeneities in the sample.

• 117.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
MAGNETORESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS ON POLYCRYSTALLINE YBA2CU3O7-DELTA1991In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter, ISSN 0163-1829, E-ISSN 1095-3795, Vol. 44, no 14, p. 7722-7725Article in journal (Refereed)

The magnetoresistance of a polycrystalline sample of YBa2Cu3O7-delta has been measured by an ordinary resistive method at temperatures from about 1 to 15 K above T(c) and in magnetic fields up to 12 T. From our experimental results and the theory of Hikami and Larkin, we obtain values of the coherence lengths xi-ab = 15.6 angstrom and xi-c = 3.6 angstrom and of the phase-breaking time tau-phi = 1.8 x 10(-13) s.

• 118.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
MAGNETORESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS ON SINTERED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA1990In: Physica. B, Condensed matter, ISSN 0921-4526, E-ISSN 1873-2135, Vol. 165, p. 1365-1366Article in journal (Refereed)
• 119.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
UPPER CRITICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD OF Y1-2XCAXTHXBA2CU3O7-DELTA1989In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 162, p. 725-726Article in journal (Refereed)
• 120.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet.
STRUCTURAL AND SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF Y1-2XCAXPRXBA2CU3O7-GAMMA1992In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 190, no 3, p. 255-260Article in journal (Refereed)

Samples of the nominal composition Y1-2xCaxPrxBa2Cu3O7-delta with 0 less-than-or-equal-to x less-than-or-equal-to 0.4 have been studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, chemical analyses, and measurements of the super conducting transition temperature and the upper critical magnetic field. For x less-than-or-equal-to 0.25, the results indicate that Ca and Pr can both replace Y in agreement with the nominal composition, while for x > 0.25 only Pr enters the orthorhombic unit cell. Compared to Pr substitution in 1:2:3 we observe small changes in the depression of T(c) and strong changes in the critical field slopes. These results suggest that if Pr has a magnetic pair-breaking effect, it is close to being temperature independent.

• 121.
KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics. Institutet för kemi, Uppsala Universitet.
Neutron-diffraction studies of Ca-Pr doped YBa2Cu307-delta1993In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 205, no 1-2, p. 105-110Article in journal (Refereed)

We have performed neutron powder diffraction on samples in a series Y1-2xCaxPrxBa2Cu3O7-delta, with x=0.0, 0.1 and 0.2, and analyzed the data with the Rietveld refinement method. Small changes were observed in atomic bond distances when the amount of Ca-Pr was increased. In general, these changes could qualitatively be viewed as the sum of effects from the Ca and Pr substitutions in YBa2Cu3O7-delta samples. Analyses of the distance between the superconducting CuO2 Planes suggest that the Pr ions in the Ca-Pr substituted samples have an effective valence close to + 4.

• 122.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics. Institutet för kemi, Uppsala Universitet.
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF Y1-2XCAXTHXBA2CU3O7-DELTA WITH X-LESS-THAN=0.11991In: Physica. C, Superconductivity, ISSN 0921-4534, E-ISSN 1873-2143, Vol. 185, p. 915-916Article in journal (Refereed)

We have made Rietveld refinements on neutron powder diffraction data from Y1-2xCaxThxBa2Cu3O7-delta samples with x < = 0.1. Only small changes in lattice distances are detected. Most noticeable are a flattening of the CuO-planes and a possible small increase in the distance between Cu(1) and the edge oxygen O(4). A comparison with the Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-delta system is made.

• 123.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics.
KTH, Superseded Departments, Physics. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet. Arrheniuslaboratoriet, Stockholms Universitet.
CA AND PR SUBSTITUTION IN Y-BASED AND SM-BASED 1-2-3 COMPOUNDS1993In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter, ISSN 0163-1829, E-ISSN 1095-3795, Vol. 48, no 10, p. 7590-7597Article in journal (Refereed)

Substitution with equal amounts of Ca and Pr has been studied mainly in Y- and Sm-based 1:2:3 samples and with some results also for Nd-based samples. Structural and chemical analysis and measurements of the superconducting T(c) and the upper critical magnetic field were performed. It was found that Ca and Pr can be dissolved in the orthorhombic structure up to about 25 at. % each in both Y- and Sm-based samples while for larger concentrations, only Pr continued to enter into the 1:2:3 structure. The depression of T(c) with Ca-Pr doping was found to be linear in concentration in contrast to the accelerated decrease in samples doped with only Pr. The rate of depression of T(c) increased in the sequence Y-, Sm-, and Nd-based hosts. The results suggest that Ca-Pr doping isolates a characteristic Pr-impurity effect in 1:2:3 samples. The critical magnetic-field slopes of Y- and Sm-based samples were almost independent of Ca-Pr content in the cosolubility region while a strong decrease was observed for larger Pr content, similar to 1:2:3 samples doped with Pr only. These results suggest an almost-temperature-independent magnetic pair-breaking effect by Pr.

• 124.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Interacting Magnetic Nanosystems: An Experimental Study Of Superspin Glasses2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)

This thesis presents experimental results on strongly interacting γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles and their collective properties. The main findings are that very dense randomly packed (≈60%) γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles form a replica of a spin glass. The magnetic properties of the nanoparticle system are in most regards the same as those of an atomic spin glass. The system is therefore proposed as a model superspin glass. In superspin glasses the interacting building blocks that form the collective state are single domain nanoparticles, superspins with a magnetic moment of about 10000 μB, which can be compared to the atomic magnetic moment in spin glasses of approximately 1 μB.  It was found that the relaxation time of the individual nanoparticles impacts the collective properties and governs the superspin dimensionality. Several dense compacts, each prepared with nanoparticles of a specific size, with diameters 6, 8, 9 and 11.5 nm, were studied. All the studied compacts were found to form a superspin glass state. Non-interacting reference samples, consisting of the same particles but coated with a silica shell, were synthesized to determine the single particle magnetic properties.  It was also found that the effects of the nanoparticle size distribution, which lead to a variation of the magnetic properties, can be mitigated by having strong enough interparticle interactions. The majority of the work was carried out using SQUID magnetometry.

• 125.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Univ Castilla La Mancha, IRICA, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.;Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.. Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore.. Univ Castilla La Mancha, IRICA, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.;Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Effects of the individual particle relaxation time on superspin glass dynamics2016In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, ISSN 2469-9950, Vol. 93, no 5, article id 054407Article in journal (Refereed)

The low temperature dynamic magnetic properties of two dense magnetic nanoparticle assemblies with similar superspin glass transition temperatures T-g similar to 140 K are compared. The two samples are made from batches of 6 and 8 nm monodisperse gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, respectively. The properties of the individual particles are extracted from measurements on reference samples where the particles have been covered with a thick silica coating. The blocking temperatures of these dilute assemblies are found at 12.5 K for the 6 nm particles and at 35 K for the 8 nm particles, which implies different anisotropy energy barriers of the individual particles and vastly different temperature evolution of their relaxation times. The results of the measurements on the concentrated particle assemblies suggest a strong influence of the particle energy barrier on the details of the aging dynamics, memory behavior, and apparent superspin dimensionality of the particles.

• 126.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Particle size-dependent superspin glass behavior in random compact of monodisperse maghemite nanoparticles2016In: Materials Research Express, Vol. 3, article id 054407Article in journal (Refereed)
• 127.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Spain. Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Singapore. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Norway. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Spain.
Magnetic properties of nanoparticle compacts with controlled broadening of the particle size distribution2017In: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 95, no 18, article id 184431Article in journal (Refereed)

Binary random compacts with different proportions of small (volume V) and large (volume 2V) essentially bare maghemite nanoparticles are used to investigate the effect of controllably broadening the particle size distribution on the magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies with strong dipolar interaction. A series of eight random mixtures of highly uniform 9.0- and 11.5-nm-diameter maghemite particles prepared by thermal decomposition is studied. In spite of the severely broadened size distributions in the mixed samples, well-defined superspin glass transition temperatures are observed across the series, their values increasing linearly with the weight fraction of large particles.

• 128.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
C-axis resistance of HgCl2 intercalated graphite as a function of temperature and pressure1989In: Synthetic Metals volume 34: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Intercalated Graphite, Berlin (West) 1989, Lausanne: Elsevier Sequoia SA , 1989, p. 485-490Conference paper (Refereed)

The c-axis resistance of stage 3 HgCl2 intercalated graphite has been measured as a function of temperature T and pressure p in the range 40 to 300 K and up to 1 GPa (10 kbar). The absolute resistivity and its T- and p- dependence are all in good agreement with data for other acceptor compounds. The measurements show that a previosly unknown phase transformation occurs above 0.4 GPa. Below 250 K the high pressure phase is metastable down to zero pressure, and an x-ray diffraction analysis of metastable material shows that no stage change occurs. The transition thus probably leads to a different in-plane structure characterized by a more densely packed intercalate layer.

• 129.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Pressure-induced modifications of structural and transport properties in SbCl5 intercalated graphite1992In: Materials Science Forum volumes 91-93, Part I: Intercalation Compounds ISIC-6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds, Orléans 1991., Zürich: Trans Tech Publications , 1992, p. 301-306Conference paper (Refereed)

The structure and the c-axis resistivity of SbCl5 intercalated graphite have been studied as functions of T and p, over the ranges 40 to 295 K and 0 to 0.7 GPa. Slow cooling or slow application of pressure p > 0.4 GPa lead to states of complete but different crystallization of the intercalate, but after rapid cooling or pressurization any crystallization is incomplete. The resistivity of the high pressure crystallized phase is about 50% lower than that of the low T, low p phase under identical p-T conditions. No significant difference is seen between the behaviour of HOPG-based and single crystal based materials.

• 130.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Structure, c-axis resistivity, and p-T phase diagram of SbCl5 intercalated graphite1989In: Synthetic Metals volume 34: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Intercalated Graphite, Berlin (West) 1989, Lausanne: Elsevier Sequoia SA , 1989, p. 187-192Conference paper (Refereed)

Experimental data are reported for the c-axis resistivity varrhoc of stages n = 3,4,5 and 8 SbCl5 intercalated graphite as a function of T and p, in the range 40 – 300 K and 0-0.5 GPa (5 kbar). varrhoc varied in a systematic way with p, T, and n. Well ordered low-T phases were obtained for all stages; disordering at 200 – 235 K gave rise to well defined multiple anomalies in varrhoc. We also report x-ray diffraction data on the stage 2 compound: evidence was found for large variations in the in-plane structure even for nominally identical samples.

• 131.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
A study of temperature and pressure induced structural and electronic changes in SbCl5 intercalated graphite: Part IV: Basal plane resistivity1995In: Journal of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, E-ISSN 2044-5326, Vol. 10, no 7, p. 1653-1660Article in journal (Refereed)

Using an inductive technique, we have measured the in-plane resistivity rhoa of stages 2, 4, 5, and 8 SbCl5-GIC's versus temperature T and pressure p in the ranges 130–300 K and 0–0.85 GPa. The room temperature values of rhoa range from 4.0 µOcm for the stages 5 sample to 7.7 µOcm for the stage 8 sample. At all pressures, rhoa shows a metallic temperature dependence rhoa ~ Ta, with 1 < a < 2, but in contrast to the c-axis resistivity rhoc, it depends only very weakly on pressure and/or intercalate structural order. We show that the behavior observed is consistent with a band conduction model.

• 132.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
A study of temperature and pressure induced structural and electronic changes in SbCl5 intercalated graphite: Part II. Experimental data for c-axis resistivity1992In: Journal of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, E-ISSN 2044-5326, Vol. 7, no 11, p. 2989-3000Article in journal (Refereed)

We present experimental data for the c-axis resistivity ?c of stage s = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8, SbCl5 intercalated graphite, over the temperature range 40 to 300 K and the pressure range 0 to 0.8 GPa (0–8 kbar). For most specimens studied, resistance anomalies are observed below 230 K at atmospheric pressure and at pressures up to 0.5 GPa at 293 K. These anomalies are explained in terms of structural changes from a disordered or partly crystallized in-plane intercalate structure at atmospheric pressure and T > 230 K to an almost completely crystallized structure below this temperature, or at elevated pressures, as discussed in a companion paper. In the crystallized phases ?c is approximately linear in T except for stage 8, for which a nonlinear behavior, with a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity below 200 K, is observed. The results are compared with previously available literature data, and the p-T phase diagram is briefly discussed.

• 133.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
The c-axis resistivity for two HOPG-based, first stage CuAl2Cl8 and second stage CuCl2 - graphite intercalation compounds as a function of both pressure and temperature1996In: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, volume 57, issues 6-8: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds (ISIC-8), Vancouver 1995, Elsevier Ltd. , 1996, p. 719-723Conference paper (Refereed)

In this paper we present data for the c-axis resistivity of first stage CuAl2Cl8 GIC and second stage CuCl2 GIC as functions of pressure, p, (0.0 < p < 1.5 GPa) and of temperature, T, (4 < T < 300 K). We show evidence of a possible new high-pressure phase above 1.0 GPa for the CuAl2Cl8 GIC and we show that the CuCl2 GIC is very stable at all pressures and temperature investigated. We make a comparison with previous results on SbCl5 GICs and other chloride intercalation compounds and with theories treating the temperature and pressure coefficients of transport parameters in layered solids.

• 134.
Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Uppsala universitet.
Geometric phases for mixed states of the Kitaev chain2016In: Philosophical Transactions. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering science, ISSN 1364-503X, E-ISSN 1471-2962, Vol. 374, no 2069, article id 20150231Article in journal (Refereed)

The Berry phase has found applications in building topological order parameters for certain condensed matter systems. The question whether some geometric phase for mixed states can serve the same purpose has been raised, and proposals are on the table. We analyze the intricate behaviour of Uhlmann’s geometric phase in the Kitaev chain at finite temperature, and then argue that it captures quite different physics from that intended. We also analyze the behaviour of a geometric phase introduced in the context of interferometry. For the Kitaev chain, this phase closely mirrors that of the Berry phase, and we argue that it merits further investigation.

• 135.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Glass-liquid transition of water at high pressure2011In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 108, no 27, p. 11013-11016Article in journal (Refereed)

The knowledge of the existence of liquid water under extreme conditions and its concomitant properties are important in many fields of science. Glassy water has previously been prepared by hyperquenching micron-sized droplets of liquid water and vapor deposition on a cold substrate (ASW), and its transformation to an ultraviscous liquid form has been reported on heating. A densified amorphous solid form of water, high-density amorphous ice (HDA), has also been made by collapsing the structure of ice at pressures above 1 GPa and temperatures below approximately 140 K, but a corresponding liquid phase has not been detected. Here we report results of heat capacity C(p) and thermal conductivity, in situ, measurements, which are consistent with a reversible transition from annealed HDA to ultraviscous high-density liquid water at 1 GPa and 140 K. On heating of HDA, the Cp increases abruptly by (3.4 ± 0.2) J mol-1 K-1 before crystallization starts at (153 ± 1) K. This is larger than the Cp rise at the glass to liquid transition of annealed ASW at 1 atm, which suggests the existence of liquid water under these extreme conditions.

• 136.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Department of Solid State Electronics, Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine. Department of Integrated Technologies of Aviation Manufacture, National Aerospace University of “KhAI", Kharkov, Ukraine. Department of Solid State Electronics, Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine.
Tricritical Lifshitz point in the temperature-pressure-composition diagram for (PbySn1-y)2 P2(SexS1-x)6 ferroelectrics2009In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter, ISSN 0163-1829, E-ISSN 1095-3795, Vol. 80, p. 174107-Article in journal (Refereed)

The heat capacity of Sn2P2S6 ferroelectric crystals has been measured under quasihydrostatic pressures up to 0.7 GPa. The analysis of the heat-capacity and literature data for the birefringence shows that the tricritical point of Sn2P2S6 is in the 0.20–0.25 GPa range. Moreover, in the approximation of a linear change in the free-energy expansion coefficients, with respect to concentration and pressure, thermodynamic trajectories have been constructed for (PbySn1−y)2 P2(SexS1−x)6 solid solutions. We have thereby identified the region of the T-p-y-x diagram for (PbySn1−y)2 P2(SexS1−x)6 showing the tricritical Lifshitz point.

• 137.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Phase coexistence and hysteresis effects in the pressure-temperature phase diagram of NH3BH32011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 84, no 2, p. 024115-Article in journal (Refereed)

The potential hydrogen storage compound NH3BH3 has three known structural phases in the temperature and pressure ranges 110–300 K and 0–1.5 GPa, respectively. We report here the boundaries between, and the ranges of stability of, these phases. The phase boundaries were located by in situ measurements of the thermal conductivity, while the actual structures in selected areas were identified by in situ Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Below 0.6 GPa, reversible transitions involving only small hysteresis effects occur between the room-temperature tetragonal plastic crystal I4mm phase and the low-temperature orthorhombic Pmn21 phase. Transformations of the I4mm phase into the high-pressure orthorhombic Cmc21 phase, occurring above 0.8 GPa, are associated with very large hysteresis effects, such that the reverse transition may occur at up to 0.5 GPa lower pressures. Below 230 K, a fraction of the Cmc21 phase is metastable to atmospheric pressure, suggesting the possibility that dense structural phases of NH3BH3, stable at room temperature, could possibly be created and stabilized by alloying or by other methods. Mixed orthorhombic Pmn21/Cmc21 phases were observed in an intermediate pressure-temperature range, but a fourth structural phase predicted by Filinchuk et al. [ Phys. Rev. B 79 214111 (2009)] was not observed in the pressure-temperature ranges of this experiment. The thermal conductivity of the plastic crystal I4mm phase is about 0.6 W m−1 K−1 and only weakly dependent on temperature, while the ordered orthorhombic phases have higher thermal conductivities limited by phonon-phonon scattering.

• 138.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Unusual Grüneisen and Bridgman parameters of low-density amorphous ice and their implications on pressure induced amorphization2005In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 122, no 12, p. 124710-Article in journal (Refereed)

The low-temperature limiting value of the Grüneisen parameter for low-frequency phonons and the density dependence of the thermal conductivity (Bridgman parameter) of low-density amorphous (LDA) ice, high-density amorphous (HDA) ice, hexagonal ice Ih, and cubic ice Ic were calculated from high-pressure sound velocity and thermal conductivity measurements, yielding negative values for all states except HDA ice. LDA ice is the first amorphous state to exhibit a negative Bridgman parameter, and negative Grüneisen parameters are relatively unusual. Since Ih, Ic, and LDA ice all transform to HDA upon pressurization at low temperatures and share the unusual feature of negative Grüneisen parameters, this seems to be a prerequisite for pressure induced amorphization. We estimate that the Grüneisen parameter increases at the ice Ih to XI transition, and may become positive in ice XI, which indicates that proton-ordered ice XI does not amorphize like ice Ih on pressurization.

• 139.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Sub-Tg features of glasses formed by cooling glycerol under pressure – Additional incompatibility of vibrational with configurational states in the depressurized, high density glass2016In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 145, article id 204506Article in journal (Refereed)

The vibrational state of a glass is naturally incompatible with its configurational state, which makes the glass structurally unstable. When a glass is kept at constant temperature, both the vibrational and configurational states of a glass change with time until it becomes metastable (equilibrium) liquid and the two states become compatible. The process, known as structural relaxation, occurs at a progressively higher rate during heating, and the properties of a glass change accordingly. We add to this incompatibility by depressurizing a glass that had been formed by cooling a liquid under a high pressure, p, and then investigate the effects of the added incompatibility by studying thermal conductivity, κ, and the heat capacity per unit volume ρCp of the depressurized glass.We use glycerol for the purpose and study first the changes in the features of κ and of ρCp during glass formation oncooling under a set of different p. We then partially depressurize the glass and study the effect of the p-induced instability on the features of and Cp as the glass is isobarically heated to the liquid state.At a given low p, the glass configuration that was formed by cooling at high-p had a higher κ than the glass configuration that was formed by cooling at a low p. The difference is more when the glass is formed at a higher p and/or is depressurized to a lower p. On heating at a low p, its κ decreases before its glass-liquid transition range is reached. The effect is the opposite of the increase in observed on heating a glass at the same p under which it was formed. It is caused by thermally assisted loss of the added incompatibility of configurational and vibrational states of a high-p formed glass kept at low p. If a glass formed under a low-p is pressurized and then heated under high p, it would show the opposite effect, i.e., its κ would first increase to its high p value before its glass-to-liquid transition range.

• 140.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Effect of pressure on thermal conductivity and pressure collapse of ice in a polymer-hydrogel and kinetic unfreezing at 1 GPa2011In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 134, no 12, p. 124903-Article in journal (Refereed)

We report a study of aqueous solutions of poly(vinylalcohol) and its hydrogel by thermal conductivity,κ, and specific heat measurements. In particular, we investigate (i) the changes in the solution and the hydrogel at 0.1 MPa observed in the 350-90 K range and of the frozen hydrogel at 130 K observed in the range from 0.1 MPa to 1.3 GPa, and (ii) the nature of the pressure collapse of ice in the frozen hydrogel and kinetic unfreezing on heating of its high density water at 1 GPa. The water component of the polymer solution on cooling either first phase separates and then freezes to hexagonal ice or freezes without phase separation and the dispersed polymer chains freeze-concentrate in nanoscopic and microscopic regions of the grain boundaries and grain junctions of the ice crystals in the frozen state of water in the hydrogel. The change in κ with temperature at 1 bar is reversible with some hysteresis, but not reversible with pressure after compression to 0.8 GPa at 130 K. At high pressures the crystallized state collapses showing features of. and specific heat characteristic of formation of high density amorphous solid water. The pressure of structural collapse is 0.08 GPa higher than that of ice at 130 K. The slowly formed collapsed state shows kinetic unfreezing or glass-liquid transition temperature at 140 K for a time scale of 1 s. Comparison with the change in the properties observed for ice shows that κ decreases when the polymer is added.

• 141.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Pressure-induced collapse of ice clathrate and hexagonal ice mixtures formed by freezing2009In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 131, p. 114503-114513Article in journal (Refereed)

We report thermal conductivity κ measurements of the pressure-induced collapse of two mixtures of ice and tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate formed by freezing aqueous solutions, THF·23 H2O and THF·20 H2O, one containing twice as much excess water than the other. On pressurizing, κ of the solid mixture first decreases at the onset pressure of 0.8 GPa, as occurs for collapse of pure ice, reaches a local minimum at a pressure of 1.0 GPa, and then increases as occurs for the collapse of the pure clathrate THF·17 H2O. This shows that in the apparently homogeneous mixture, the ice and the clathrate collapse as if the two were in a mechanically mixed state. The manner in which the clathrate aggregate can arrange in the solid indicates that ice occupies the interstitial space in the tightly packed aggregates and H2O molecules belonging to the lattice of one form hydrogen bond with that of the other, a feature that is preserved in their collapsed states. On decompression, the original clathrate is partially recovered in the THF·20 H2O mixture, but the collapsed ice does not transform to the low density amorph. We surmise that on irreversible transformation to the original clathrate, the aggregates expand. Any pressure thus exerted on the small domains of the collapsed ice with a hydrogen bonded interface with the clathrate aggregates could prevent it from transforming to the low density amorph. Measurements of κ are useful in investigating structural collapse of crystals when dilatometry is unable to do so, as κ seems to be more sensitive to pressure-induced changes than the volume.

• 142.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Spontaneous transformation of water's high-density amorph and a two-stage crystallization to ice VI at 1 GPa: a dielectric study2004In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 120, no 24, p. 11662-11671Article in journal (Refereed)

Dielectric relaxation spectra of a metastable crystal phase formed on implosive and exothermic transformation of pressure-amorphized hexagonal ice have been measured in situ at 0.97 GPa pressure over a range of temperature. The metastable phase showed no relaxation peak at 130 K and 0.97 GPa. When heated at a fixed pressure of 0.97 GPa, it began to transform at ∼ 145 K exothermally to a phase whose relaxation rate and equilibrium dielectric permittivity increased. A second, but slower exothermic transformation also occurred at ∼ 175 K. After keeping at 213 K, the relaxation rate and equilibrium permittivity reached the known values of these two quantities for ice VI. Thus the metastable phase transformed to ice VI in two stages. It is conjectured that the intermediate phase in this transformation could be ice XII. The rate of transformation is not determined by the reorientational relaxation rate of water molecules in the ices

• 143.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
Time-dependent amorphization of ice at 0.8-0.9 GPa2004In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 121, no 8, p. 3936-3938Article in journal (Refereed)

Thermal conductivity measurements show that ice continues to amorphize for several days when kept at a fixed pressure p in the 0.79–0.88 GPa range, and fixed temperature T in the 127–130 K range. Thermal conductivity k decreases according to a stretched exponential in time, and its limiting long time value k($\infty$) varies with p and T. At 0.8 GPa and 128 K, k($\infty$) remains 2.5 times the value observed for high-density amorph. Consequences of these findings for our understanding of amorphization are discussed.

• 144.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics.
An ice phase of lowest thermal conductivity2004In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 120, no 20, p. 9612-9617Article in journal (Refereed)

On pressurizing at temperatures near 130 K, hexagonal and cubic ices transform implosively at 0.8–1 GPa. The phase produced on transformation has the lowest thermal conductivity among the known crystalline ices and its value decreases on increase in temperature. An ice phase of similar thermal conductivity is produced also when high-density amorphous ice kept at 1 GPa transforms on slow heating when the temperature reaches ∼155 K. These unusual formation conditions, the density and its distinguished thermal conductivity, all indicate that a distinct crystal phase of ice has been produced.

• 145.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Reorientational relaxation in C60 following a pressure induced change in the pentagon/hexagon equilibrium ratio1995In: Physics Letters A, ISSN 0375-9601, E-ISSN 1873-2429, Vol. 206, no 3-4, p. 260-264Article in journal (Refereed)

The orientational structure of C60 depends on pressure and temperature. Pressurization below the glass transition temperature Tg can freeze in non-equilibrium orientational structures. The relaxation of such structures on heating through Tg has been studied through thermal conductivity measurements and the effects observed are explained in a simple model.

• 146.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Thermal conductivity of C60 at pressures up to 1 GPa and temperatures in the range 50-300 K1996In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 54, no 5, p. 3093-3100Article in journal (Refereed)

The thermal conductivity λ of C60 shows anomalies near 260 K and 90 K which are associated with the well-established phase transition and glass transition, respectively. Both transition temperatures increase with pressure, at the rates 120 K GPa-1 and 62 K GPa-1, respectively. With increasing temperature, λ of the simple cubic (sc) phase increased below 170 K (glasslike behavior) but decreased above. The glasslike behavior of λ is probably due to a substantial amount of lattice defects. Possible reasons for the change of sign of dλ/dT near 170 K are discussed. In the face centered cubic (fcc) phase (T≳260 K at atmospheric pressure) λ was almost independent of temperature, a behavior which is far from that of an ordered crystal (λ∝T-1 for T≳Debye temperature). This result can be attributed to the molecular orientational disorder of the fcc phase. The relaxation behavior associated with the glassy state and its unusually strong dependence on thermal history are discussed briefly, and data which support a previously reported relaxation model are presented. At room temperature, the density dependencies of λ, (∂ lnλ/∂ lnρ)T, were 5.5 and 9.5 for the fcc and sc phases, which are values typical for an orientationally disordered phase and a normal crystal phase, respectively.

• 147.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Thermal conductivity of C60 under high pressure1995In: Science and Technology of Fullerene Materials: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings vol. 359, Pittsburgh, PA: Materials Research Society , 1995, p. 549-554Conference paper (Refereed)

We have measured the thermal conductivity lambda of highly pure polycrystalline C60 in the range 50 to 300 K under pressures up to 1 GPa. The results are discussed in terms of the lattice structure and dynamics. In particular, we discuss the phase diagram as delineated by anomalies observed in lambda and cp at the f.c.c.-to-s.c. transition at 260 K and the glass transition at Tg = 90 K, and also the effect on lambda of the orientational motion in the s.c. phase. The results are found to be compatible with a p/T phase diagram recently suggested by us.

• 148.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
A low-temperature high-pressure apparatus with a temperature control system1992In: High Pressure Research, ISSN 0895-7959, E-ISSN 1477-2299, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 599-606Article in journal (Refereed)

A low-temperature high-pressure apparatus was designed using commercial cryogenic equipment. Pressures up to 1 GPa and temperatures down to 40 K can be obtained in a volume of up to 30 cm3. The apparatus is of the piston-cylinder type with a piston diameter of 45 mm, and the pressure can be varied at all temperatures, An adaptive temperature control system keeps the temperature inside the pressure cylinder constant to within ±0.1 K.

• 149.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Physics.
Pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat of some polymers1975In: Journal of Polymer Science Polymer Physics Edition, ISSN 1542-9385, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 243-251Article in journal (Refereed)

The pressure dependence of the specific heat of poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and atactic and isotactic polypropylene was determined from simultaneous measurements of thermal conductivity and diffusivity in a cylindrical geometry at 300°K and in the pressure range 0-37 kbar. The thermal conductivity and the diffusivity both increase strongly with pressure, while the specific heat decreases. The pressure dependencies are most pronounced at low pressures. The results are compared with other experimental results and with theoretical calculations.

• 150.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
Spin-diode effect and thermally controlled switching in magnetic spin-valves2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)

This thesis demonstrates two new device concepts that are based on the tunneling and giant magnetoresistance effects. The first is a semiconductor-free asymmetric magnetic double tunnel junction that is shown to work as a diode, while at the same time exhibiting a record high magnetoresistance. It is experimentally verified that a diode effect, with a rectification ratio of at least 100, can be obtained in this type of system, and that a negative magnetoresistance of nearly 4000% can be measured at low temperature. The large magnetoresistance is attributed to spin resonant tunneling, where the parallel and antiparallel orientation of the magnetic moments shifts the energy levels in the middle electrode, thereby changing their alignment with the conduction band in the outer electrodes. This resonant tunneling can be useful when scaling down magnetic random access memory; eliminating the need to use external diodes or transistors in series with each bit.

The second device concept is a thermally controlled spin-switch; a novel way to control the free-layer switching and magnetoresistance in spin-valves. By exchange coupling two ferromagnetic films through a weakly ferromagnetic Ni-Cu alloy, the coupling is controlled by changes in temperature. At room temperature, the alloy is weakly ferromagnetic and the two films are exchange coupled through the alloy. At a temperature higher than the Curie point, the alloy is paramagnetic and the two strongly ferromagnetic films decouple. Using this technique, the read out signal from a giant magnetoresistance element is controlled using both external heating and internal Joule heating. No degradation of device performance upon thermal cycling is observed. The change in temperature for a full free-layer reversal is shown to be 35 degrees Celsius for the present Ni-Cu alloy. It is predicted that this type of switching theoretically can lead to high frequency oscillations in current, voltage, and temperature, where the frequency is controlled by an external inductor or capacitor. This can prove to be useful for applications such as voltage controlled oscillators in, for example, frequency synthesizers and function generators. Several ways to optimize the thermally controlled spin switch are discussed and conceptually demonstrated with experiments.

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