Human life is expected to be longer, which means that more people need healthcare. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to use several strategies to improve human health and quality of life, one of the strategies being to allow patients to be involved in their care. Hence, patient participat'ion is important for patients' well-being and quality of life. The Patient Act (2014: 821) aims for the health care system to strengthen the patient and promote the patient's self-determination and participation. The purpose was to describe patients' perceptions of participation in healthcare. A systematic literature review was conducted and the result was based on 11 scientific articles. The study resulted in two categories: conditions for participation and influencing factors. The result showed that the care staff's attitude and confidence affected the patient's participation and the feeling of being involved in their healthcare. When the patients received better information regarding their care, they were able to understand their health situation better and were given a greater opportunity to be involved in their own healthcare. Patient participation increased when patients felt heard and understood as well as when a good relationship was created with the healthcare staff.

The purpose of this study is to investigate from an administrator perspective how authorities integrate newly arrived to the Swedish labor market. The results are analyzed and understood by two theories, theory about Intersectionality and Goodman theory. The empirical material is based on seven interviews with people who are employed in the public sector and who are working with establishment on the labor market among newly arrived individuals. The previous research is based on conditions and obstacles that helps newly arrived people on their way to establishment on the Swedish labor market. A main result in the study is that the respondents are experiencing that the group newly arrived have a hard time to integrate at the Swedish labor market. They lift women, mainly women born outside of Europe as a group that has a harder time to integrate on the labor market than other newly arrived and that they need particularly targeted efforts. This is explained by high demands on the Swedish language, competence and education which this group is not able to make. The result also shows that a big part of the newly arrived individuals are dependent off support from the authorities while they at the same time are being referred to steer their own establishment process towards self-sufficiency. The role of the individuals working at the authorities is not considered to be intended to offer individual support for newly arrived people. This is judged to have a negative impact on weak groups and they tend to end up in long term unemployment without customized efforts. The study finally shows that the respondents have a low trust for the short-term investments that are being made to ensure that the investments create a permanent solution for newly arrived at the labor market. This is confirmed by that there is a chain of support that is prepositioned related to the labor market for individuals that extend over a long period of time, where the ambition seems to be primarily to employ a big group of individuals rather than consider each individual.

Background: In advanced kidney disease, treatment with dialysis or kidneytransplantation is required to survive. The nurse has a central role by providing safeand good care for the patient and make them feel safe during the dialysis treatmentAim: The aim was to illustrate which qualities of the nurse that patients experiencecreates a safe and secure nursing care during dialysis treatment. Method: Generalliterature review with an inductive approach performed with a structured searchmethod. Results: The result showed that patients experienced the nurse's competenceand presence as important parts of safe nursing care during dialysis. Receivinginformation and education about the treatment as well as having a good relationshipwith the nurse were also important aspects that emerged. The result generated fourmain categories: the importance for patients of being cared for by a skilled nurse, thepresence of the nurse creates security for the patients, the importance for patients todevelop a good relationship with the nurse and individualized communication andinformation an important part of the care process for patients. Conclusion: Nurses indifferent care institutions may meet people who are undergoing dialysis and need topossess relevant knowledge in the field. Adequate staffing is needed to increase thenurse’s availability and to be able to provide comprehensive care for patients.

The purpose of the study was to investigate student athlete's experiences of studying at aNational Sport University in Sweden. Specifically, student athletes who had no connection toan elite environment were investigated, that is, student athletes who are elite athletes butwhose sports associations did not have a collaboration agreement with the university. Thestudy included 12 interviewees, divided into six women and six men aged 19–30 (M = 22.83,S = 2.88). The study used a semi-structured interview guide based on The Holistic AthleticCareer Model (Wylleman, 2019) and The Athletic Career Transition Model (Stambulova,2003). The result was classified into four main categories; student athlete's perceiveddemands, barriers, resources and coping strategies. The result showed that the biggestdemand that the participants experienced was that they had to support themselves financiallyin terms of student loans or working in parallel with the combination, this could cause a greatdeal of stress for the participants. The main barrier the participants experienced was a lack ofsupport from the university and that they felt that the studies and the sport were suffering asthey could not perform equally successfully in both, which could cause a feeling ofinadequacy. Furthermore, the participants felt that social support from coaches, family andfriends was the primary resource for facilitating the combination. Planning was the studentathletes' most used coping strategy to handle the demands of a dual career.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka svenska tennistränares erfarenheter och upplevd kompetens inom mental träning ifrån ett tränarfilosofiskt perspektiv. För att undersöka syftet användes tre frågeställningar: (1) Hur prioriterar svenska tennistränare mentala förberedelser jämfört med fysiska, taktiska och tekniska förberedelser? (2) Vilka erfarenheter har svenska tennistränare av mental träning? (3) Vilken upplevd kompetens av mental träning finns hos svenska tennistränare? Deltagarna i studien var 13 (M-ålder=31,5, SD-ålder=9,8) män som var tennistränare inom Västra Götaland. En semi-strukturerad intervjuguide konstruerades med fyra huvudsakliga temaområden tränarfilosofi, erfarenhet av mental träning, kompetens av mental träning och utveckling av mental träning. Resultatet visade att: (1) svenska tennistränare anser att mental träning är viktigt inom tennis men prioriterar inte det i deras tränarfilosofi (2) svenska tennistränarna har erfarenhet av mental träning genom att använda det på banan för sina spelare samt ifrån sina egna tenniskarriärer (3) tränarna upplever att de har låg eller ingen kompetens av mental träning samt att tränarna önskar att få mer kompetens. Slutsatsen från studien är att mental träning är något som svenska tennistränarna anser är viktigt men tränarna har för lite erfarenhet och låg kompetens i deras tränarroll.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka skillnader i målorientering (task och ego) samt upplevdaledarskapsbeteenden (positiva och negativa) mellan elitungdomsfotbollsspelare som tagit sigtill elitnivå och inte tagit sig till elitnivå på seniornivå. I studien deltog 115 aktiva manligaelitungdomsfotbollsspelare i åldrarna 16–19 (M=17.49, Sd= 0.65). Urvalet av populationskedde via ett tillgänglighetsurval på klusternivå. Föreliggande studie genomfördes med enprospektiv designmetod. Data för deltagare samt psykosociala variabler samlades in år 2018,och uppföljning av data genomfördes i aktuell studie år 2020. Resultaten visade statistisksignifikant skillnad mellan grupperna och variabeln positivt upplevt ledarskapsbeteende.Inga andra signifikanta skillnader fanns mellan grupperna och de resterande psykosocialavariablerna. Resultaten från föreliggande studie påvisar att ett positivt ledarskapsbeteende kanvara en faktor som kan främja chansen för att unga manliga elitfotbollsspelare ska nå elitnivåpå seniornivå. Resultaten stödjer och bidrar även till tidigare forskning som påvisat positivaeffekter från positivt ledarskapsbeteende. Framtida forskning är i behov av fler prospektivastudier för att skapa möjlighet att se samband över tid och skapa bättre samt djupare förståelseför relationen mellan fotbollsprestationer och psykosociala fenomen. 

Aim: To compare social support and coping ability in acute coronary syndrome patients at the time of the cardiac event with a healthy community-based sample, with regard to age, sex, education and marital status.

Method: The study comprised 241 patients and 316 healthy controls. The participants answered a self-administered questionnaire that included three well-established scales. Multiple logistic regression was used in the analysis to compare the health situation between the patients and controls.

Results: Persons suffering from acute coronary syndrome rated emotional support significantly lower than the healthy controls. However, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of socio-demographic variables.

Conclusion: This study indicates that social support may be a predictor of acute coronary syndrome.

Background: The emergence of the Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 disease has caused a worldwidepandemic that is still raging. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe. In the majority,the symptoms of Covid-19 are transient, but some also experienced continued symptoms afterthey have recovered from the acute phase. People who suffer from long-term symptoms ofCovid-19 are a new group and there is a lack of knowledge about the consequences of thesymptoms. There is reason to investigate how people experience that their health is affected bylong-term symptoms of Covid-19. Aim: To explore how people experienced health aftersuffering from long-term symptoms of Covid-19. Method: Data collection was performedthrough 14 semi-structured interviews. The participants have had symptoms in differentdurations ranging from two and a half months to still persistent one and a half to two years afterthe acute phase of Covid-19. The qualitative content analysis resulted in six sub-categories,three categories, and an overall theme. Results: People affected by long-term symptoms fromCovid-19 experienced health as moving between uncertainty and new insights. This was shownby the people experiencing, 1) loss of abilities by losing senses and lacking energy, 2) loss ofcontrol by being foreign to oneself and seeking answers, and 3) revaluation of life by acceptingthe new body and prioritizing health. Conclusion: This study shows that people living withlong-term symptoms of Covid-19 should be seen as a heterogeneous group and need to be metwith flexibility based on each person's unique challenges and experiences of the symptoms andtheir consequences on health.

Patients who suffer from long-term symptoms of COVID-19, described as post COVID-19 condition, are a new and large group of patients. There is a lack of knowledge concerning health experiences in this patient group. The aim of this study was to explore patients' health experiences of post COVID-19 condition. Data collection was performed through 14 semi-structured interviews. The qualitative content analysis resulted in six sub-categories, three categories, and an overall theme. Patients experienced symptoms of varying duration-ranging from 5-21 months. The results showed that patients' health experiences of post COVID-19 condition moved between uncertainty and new insights. This was shown by patients experiencing: (1) loss of abilities, including losing smell and taste and lacking energy, (2) loss of control, including being foreign to oneself and seeking answers, and (3) revaluation of life, including accepting the transformed body and prioritizing health. This study illustrates that patients living with post COVID-19 condition need to be treated with flexibility, based on each individual's unique challenges and experiences of the symptoms and the consequences for their health. © 2022 by the authors.

Empathy exists in most people from birth and involves an ability to listen to others and put themselves into a situation by understanding their feelings and reactions. Empathy is very important in health care, among other things, to create a good relationship between the nurse and patient and to offer good care. Although an empathetic approach is of great importance and is the basis for the nurse's main field of nursing, research suggests that the nurse deficiencies in their ability to show empathy. The study was a literature study and aimed to identify factors affecting the nurse's empathy in nursing. The result presenters two themes; factors identified by nurses and factors identified by patients. The factors identified by nurses were identified as working environment significance where both well-being and stress were factors that influenced the nurse empathy. The nurse will to do good and to practice the profession were also factors that impacted. Age, number of years in the profession and education level were also highlighted in the results as factors affecting the nurse's empathy. Factors identified by patients were to be heard and understood, and that the patient's suffering was identified by the nurse. Even nurses who took the time and made sure that a relationship between them were established perceived empathic. Empathy has positive effects both for patient physical care and for the nursing care. Empathy also promotes the nurse's self-esteem. Nurses’ empathy is possible to train and the care management must be aware of the positive effects of empathy and work to promote the existence of empathy in care.

Aim: We previously reported that consuming milk cereal drinks at six months of age was associated with a high body mass index (BMI) at 12 and 18 months. This study examined the association between daily consumption at 12 months of age and BMI at the age of five.

Methods: We followed up 1870/2666 (70%) children recruited at birth in 2007–2008 for the Swedish longitudinal population‐based Halland Health and Growth Study a mean of 5.09 ± 0.28 years. Feeding practices were obtained from parental questionnaires, and anthropometric data were collected by child health nurses.

Results: At five years, 11.6% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. Milk cereal drinks were consumed by about 85% and 10% at one and five years of age, respectively. Consumption at 12 months was associated with almost double the risk of being overweight at five years of age (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.50). Other risk factors were a family history of obesity, low paternal educational level and paternal smoking.

Conclusion: Consuming milk cereal drinks daily at 12 months was associated with a twofold risk of being overweight at five years. These findings may affect the counselling guidelines used at child healthcare centres. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Lifestyle factors and behaviours are adopted very early in life and tend to persist throughout life. Considering that the parents are the primary gatekeepers for their child’s health, there is a need to gain more knowledge and deeper understanding about what causes parents to act and react in order for early preventive efforts to have any effect. The aim was to explore the parental views and considerations concerning ‘child health’ among parents with infants 8–10 months old. The sample was strategic and 16 parents (aged 23–41) were recruited from three child health centres in Sweden. Open-ended interviews were conducted and a qualitative, manifest content analysis approach was utilized. The parents described the subject ‘child health’ as a large, multifaceted concept. Three categories emerged during data analysis: developing a sixth sense, being affected by perceptions and believing health and ill health as a continuum. The parents perceived food and feeding issues as one of the most worrying aspects and a significant indicator of ‘child health’. In order to meet the parents on their turf, the ‘healthy health message’ conveyed needs to take the parental perspective into consideration rather than attempting to educate the parents from predetermined assumption, belief and values. © The Author(s) 2017

This study examined a wide range of literature in order to describe factors associated with the concept of infant health. The design of the study is a literature review examining 21 research studies, written in the English language. The study explored which factors were found to exert an influence on the concept of infant health. The result showed that the concept infant health is dependent on many factors but what seems to exert an influence are foremost maternal health and well-being, the family's health care utilization and the parental assessment of their own health. Additional studies are needed to fully understand the concept of infant health. The need for an infant definition that empowers infant health arises because, if a common ground is not clearly established, miscommunication may arise. Furthermore, there is a need to initiate a model for infant health.

LSS-personal beskrivs som innehavare av en viktig roll i utförandet av LSS-insatser. Insatserna ska ges utifrån en helhetssyn där beslut bör fattas så nära den funktionsvarierade individen som möjligt och där LSS-personalens erfarenhet bör tas tillvara. För att kunna inta detta helhetsperspektiv och för att samordna LSS- insatserna behöver LSS-personal samarbeta med andra professioner. Idag finns det begränsad forskning som lyfter personalperspektivet på det bemötande LSS-personal får från andra professioner och på det inflytande LSS-personal har i sin yrkesroll. Syftet med studien är att undersöka LSS-personal i ett begränsat område om hur de upplever bemötande och inflytande i deras dagliga arbete, för att öka kunskapen om deras arbetssituation. Syftet besvaras utifrån tre frågeställningar: Hur upplever LSS- personalen att de blir bemötta av andra professioner och av kollegor i den egna personalgruppen? Vad upplever LSS-personalen påverkar deras inflytande i det dagliga arbetet? Vad är LSS-personalens upplevelse av kompetensens betydelse för möjlighet att utöva inflytande i det dagliga arbetet? I studien används en kvalitativ metod medföljande semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet behandlar, med hjälp av en tematisk analys, personalens upplevelser av bemötande, inflytande och kompetens. Bemötande från ledning och chef upplevs förändras beroende på om organisationen är vinstdrivande eller inte. Vad som hindrar respondenternas inflytande är medlemmar från den egna personalgruppen som utnyttjar sitt inflytande mot annan personal eller mot de funktionsvarierade individerna på gruppbostaden. Ökat samarbete och vidareutbildning lyfts som ett förslag till en möjlighet att öka inflytandet. Upplevelserna pekar mot ett behov av att öka samverkan mellan de olika professionerna inom LSS-området.

Background: Mental illness is today seen as one of Sweden’s main public illnesses among children and adolescents. Previous studies have shown that there are several factors that can be the basis for the emergence of mental illness among children and adolescents. The study highlights both structural factors and within the individual, these are then broken down into different sub-themes to increase the understanding of the factors. Aim: The aim of this litteratur reviewis to increase the understanding of the emergence of mental illness among children and adolescents.The questions: Whatfactors can lead to development of mental illness? How can we understand the factors from a socialpsychological perspective?Method:A literature review based on 16 scientific articles and four dissertations. A content analysis and thematic analysis were performed and resulted in two categories, of which five were subcategories. Results:Two main categories emerged, Structural factorsand Factors within the individual. The literature review showed that the emergence of mental illness was strongly associated with social affiliation, school environment, social norms, self-esteem and personality traits. Discussion:The results indicate theimportance of children and adolescents' social relationships, the high self-esteem and self-confidence for them to feel secure. But also to facilitate the creation of identity and belonging they form during adolescence. It is important that children and adolescents at an early age have access to the resources they need to become resilient into the future and be able to deal with personal adversity. They can access the resources through family, school and friends, however, it is also about the individual seeing life through an optimistic and positive perspective to manage the emergence of mental illness.

Background: Breast cancer is a significant health issue among women, treated through various methods, with mastectomy being one approach aimed at removing breast tissue as a result of breast cancer. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe women's experiences of nursing support following a mastectomy. Method: A general literature review a structured search, resulting in nine qualitative articles and one quantitative article  that addressed the research objective. Results: The findings were presented into two categories, highlighting women's experiences of different forms of support offered by nurses after a mastectomy. The categories were experiences of support and security, and experiences of inadequate support. The results indicated both positive and negative aspects of the support received from nurses after a mastectomy. Additionally, there were a clear need for information, follow-up care, and better understanding from nurses regarding the needs women’s needs after the after procedure. Conclusion/Implications: The study shows that’s women’s experiences of support after mastectomy vary, encompassing both negative and positive aspects. Clear and emotional support emerges as essential. By enhancing nurse's competencies, they can better meet women’s individual needs after the procedure, which in turn can improve their well-being and recovery. 

Studiens syfte är att analysera hur kvinnliga superhjältar porträtteras i dagens filmer med fokus på populärkultur, feminism och genus.  Vi har valt att analysera filmerna Wonder Woman (2017), Captain Marvel (2019) och Black Widow (2021) genom en hermeneutisk och semiotisk analysmetod. Det teoretiska ramverk som används i analysarbetet är fyra olika teorier som behandlar begreppet genus, “The Male Gaze” som handlar om den manliga blicken i film och slutligen teorin om stereotyper. Teorierna bidrar till en ökad förståelse för hur kvinnliga superhjältar framställs i filmerna. Resultat och analys identifierade att tre superhjältar utmanar och befäster de könsroller som finns i samhället. Alla har både feminina och maskulina drag men där de utseendemässigt sexualiseras. De kvinnliga superhjältarna har en feministisk ståndpunkt men det framställs olika. I slutdiskussionen diskuteras resultat tillsammans med tidigare forskning och teorier. Vi kan se en förändring på hur de kvinnliga superhjältarna framställs då vi jämför med den tidigare forskningen i förhållande till dagens populärkultur och feminism.   

Background: Pain is one of the most common symptoms for which people seekemergency care. Pain can occur in different pain types and the most common arenociceptive pain, neuropathic pain and nociplastic pain. The pain system is complexand can simply be described as an upward pain-generating pathway and a downwardpain-inhibiting pathway. Untreated pain means suffering for the patient and can leadto serious complications. Adequate pain management reduces the risk ofcomplications. The nurse has a central role in ensuring that patients with acute painreceive adequate pain management. Purpose: To investigate the nurse’s experiencesof caring for patients with acute pain. Method: A general literature study where 12articles were reviewed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The resultsanalysis carried out in four categories; need for knowledge and competence, the workenvironment influences, the patient and relatives influence and the importance ofcommunication. The nurses’ experiences were that there were obstacles to adequatecare of patients with acute pain, including lack of knowledge regarding painassessment, work environmental issues and obstacles to good communication. Conclusion: To improve nurses’ work and care of patients with acute pain, betterconditions are required for nurses to carry out pain management work. 

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population. The disease adversely affects the bodily function in various ways and the medication of the disease is important in order to handle the various symptoms that arise. People with Parkinson's disease are at risk of impaired quality of life due to the limitations in life that the disease causes. The purpose with this study was to highlight the patient's experience of living with Parkinson's disease. The study was conducted as a general literature study with a deductive approach, in which ten result articles were used. The result was categorized and presented based on the five stages and four transitions in the theory of Preserving Self. The theory contributed to a broad and detailed result from the resultarticles and added an in-depth picture of life with Parkinson's disease. The nurses’ responsibility includes getting the patient to participate in their care and taking advantage of the resources that exist in each individual. Using the theory of Preserving Self can contribute to in-depth knowledge in the care for people with Parkinson's disease.

Severe mental illness is a growing health problem. Severe mental illness and self-stigma in combination needs to be examined to clarify what impact they have in combination for each individual. The purpose of this study was to examine what kind of impact self-stigma has to individuals with severe mental illness. The study was conducted as a literature review and the results consisted of three categories: Becoming ones illness Feeling of shame and Feeling of hopelessness. Self-stigma affects the individuals negatively and makes it harder for them to recover. The combination of severe mental illness and self-stigma creates negative consequences from the stereotypical and jaundiced. Individuals have problems with finding meaning of life and are reluctant to seek treatment for their symptoms because of the feeling of shame and hopelessness. In return the symptoms of the mental illness increases and provides more suffering and decreases the meaning of life. It is important that nurses are aware of and are mindful to the individuals prejudice, feelings of shame and hopelessness about their mental illness. Nurses need to make sure that it is possible to be empowered as a patient. Interventions and nursing that aim to reduce the symptoms of self-stigma in severe mental illness should be adapted to the prejudice of the society. More scientific research is needed because of the limited number of present studies concerning self-stigma. There is a need to further investigate self-stigma in severe mental illness. Preferably studies with longitudinal design that focus on the phenomenon self-stigma and how it affects people with severe mental illness, to give a greater understanding.

Introduktion: Eftersom det inte finns någon riktig benämning på vad vuxenmobbning innefattar är detta område inte särskilt belyst. Det som på senare år tagits fram är att mobbing som förekommer på arbetsplatsen är orsaken till många sjukskrivningar. 

Syftet: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hälsokonsekvenserna av mobbning på arbetsplatsen.     

Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde grunden. Artiklarna granskades och därefter skapades två teman. 

Resultat: De psykiska hälsoeffekterna av mobbning kan vara kort- och långsiktiga. De psykiska hälsoproblemen som ångest och depression kan övergå till fysiska åkommor så som sömnproblem, muskelsmärta och infektioner. 

Implikation: Kunskap om mobbning kan användas till att utveckla trygga arbetsmiljöer för att motverka mobbning. 

In today’s society many women have to endure health hazard. To live up to society's norms and what is seen as the ideal appearance can put a lot of pressure as well as force the women to strive for this ideal. This constant endeavor can make the recovery from Anorexia Nervosa more complex. The purpose of the literature study was to examine women's recovery from AN. The study is performed as a general literature study with scientific articles as a base. Results have proven that support is the most important caretaking method the nurse can provide throughout this process. For the women’s part, it’s of highest importance that the decision of recovery is self-decided. That consideration is taken to both body and soul is a challenge in the caretaking for women with AN and the fact that gaining weight is not related with full recovery is distinctly highlighted. It’s required for the nurse to possess in depth knowledge of women’s experiences surrounding the recovery to gain an entirety. Additional research of the experiences after finished treatment and after recovery from the disease is required. Even further complementary research surrounding women’s view on a recovery may be required.

The aim of this study was to explore sleep problems among children with ADHD, and further on explore children´s experiences of aspects influencing their sleep and children´s experienceces of the influence of sleep on their everyday life. This was an explorative studywith qualitative content analysis, which included 21 interviews with children, 6-12 years old, with sleep problems and ADHD. The results shows that children´s experience of sleep problems and ADHD, emerged by 1) everyday routines influencing sleep initiation by performing physical activities, finding a peaceful place, creating evening routines, and using digital technologies, 2) sleep quality influence everyday function by functioning in school, and managing leisure time. The conclusion of this study is that children with sleep problems and ADHD needs well-adjusted everyday routines, supported by parents, to have better conditions to have a good sleep initiation. It emerged that the children had a harder time dealing with everyday functions after a night with poor sleep quality. It is of great importance for these children to find individual general resistance resources to be able to deal with their everyday life´s affected by sleep problems.

Todays society is characterized by a constant change and development, which requires the school to develop at the same rate as the rest of society. The school should be equivalent to everyone. How can this be insured if we do not know which factors that affect the implementation of educational models? By ensuring the factors that affect implementation, better results can be achieved. This makes it more likely that the new educational model is used and becomes part of the everyday work. To make an implementation possible, a change work is carried out in the organization.

We have conducted a qualitative study whose purpose is to study which factors teachers experience may affect the implementation of a new educational model in school. The survey has been conducted at three schools in a town in Sweden. The form of the interview has been semi-structured, two of which have been held in groups and one individual. Through the interviews we have acquired empirical evidence for our study.

The result show that there are many different factors that affects, often in combination with each other, how well an implementation results in. The factors that are significant and have been made visible in our survey are the following: Relevance, attitude, advantageous, easy-to-use, customizable, coaching, support, time, participation, follow-up systems, clear results, culture and communication.           

Aim and main questions: This study aims to examine differences and similarities in how the swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter portrayed the refugee immigrations during these wars. The main questions are: •How didDagens Nyheterportray the immigration of refugees from the wars in Balkans in 1992 compared to refugees from the Syria war in 2015/2016?•What themes or patterns can be distinguished in the news articles? Main results: The results indicates that there is an expectationthat refugees should work and contribute to the Swedish society and that the subject of financial consequences is characterized by two aspects; one that indicates that refugees strengthens the Swedish economy through working and another indicates that refugee immigration is a burden for the economy. Although, the refugee immigration is portrayed as a problem during both periods. Refugees are portrayed with more sympathy and their situations are raisedby individuals from civil society during 2015/2016. The articles depicta perspective that shows a concern and fear of what problems themassive immigration mightcause to the society.

Palliative care aims to ensure patients and carers as a whole, where the goal is to contribute to the welfare and dignity in end of life. In order to facilitate the families’ situation caregivers plays a big role. The aim was to describe the families’ experiences of palliative care. The method used was literature study which was based on twelve scientific articles. The results showed that relatives are in great need of supportive action from the nursing staff. Three themes emerged in the results: Families’ experiences of information and communication, Families’ perceptions of support and Families’ experiences of involvement. Further research is needed to elucidate families’ perceptions of palliative care, where much of the existing research mainly focuses on the patient or the nurse’s experiences.

In this study we have used Jenkins, Berger and Luckmann and Scheff's theories which is social identity, shame, pride and socialization. In order to understand the situation of the dandelion children, these theories have been useful. The study has been conducted on the basis of qualitative method and interviews.

When children grow up with parents who are addicts or psychologically ill, the child does not have a normal upbringing and therefore one needs a protection factor from society. According to various studies, it has been found that some children follow the same pattern as their parents and end up addicted in adulthood. Other studies show that some children deviate from parental behavior, these are called dandelion children. This study aims to investigate the subject of dandelion children and the study is based on highlighting what caused the adult dandelion children not to follow the same pattern as fine parenting and a developed social well-being. The study's starting point has been to investigate underlying factors that adult dandelion children have survived in life, from a sociological perspective.

The study has shown that the reasons for their survival are because they have had a close relative who has supported them. They have also chosen to break the contact and legacy of their parents to move forward in life without more terauma.

Background: Previous research has shown that migrants in Sweden are disadvantaged in terms of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). SRHR policies might play a crucial role in shaping migrants’ SRHR outcomes. The purpose of the study was to critically examine: a) how migrants were represented in the discourses embedded within Swedish SRHR-related policies, and b) how migrants’ SRHR-related issues were framed and addressed within these discourses.

Methods: Critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used to analyze a total of 54 policy documents. Following Jäger’s approach to CDA, discourse strands and entanglements between different discourse strands were examined.

Results: Our findings consisted of three discourse strands: 1) “Emphasizing vulnerability”, 2) “Constructing otherness”, and 3) “Prioritizing the structural level or the individual level?”. Migrants’ representation in Swedish SRHR-related policies is often associated with the concept of vulnerability, a concept that can hold negative connotations such as reinforcing social control, stigma, and disempowerment. Alongside the discourse of vulnerability, the discourse of otherness appears when framing migrants’ SRHR in relation to what is defined as honor-related violence and oppression. Furthermore, migrant SRHR issues are occasionally conceptualized as structural issues, as suggested by the human rights-based approach embraced by Swedish SRHR-related policies. Relevant structural factors, namely migration laws and regulations, are omitted when addressing, for example, human trafficking and HIV/AIDS.

Conclusions: We conclude that the dominant discourses favor depictions of migrants as vulnerable and as the Other. Moreover, despite the prevailing human rights-based discourse, structural factors are not always considered when framing and addressing migrants’ SRHR issues. This paper calls for a critical analysis of the concept of vulnerability in relation to migrants’ SRHR. It also highlights the importance of avoiding othering and paying attention to the structural factors when addressing migrants’ SRHR. © 2022, The Author(s).

Problem

Children’s use of electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets has increased in recent years. Research shows that children’s screen usage is influenced by their parent’s use and perception of electronic screens. The role of the district nurse in student health is to help children and families with healthy habits, including regarding screen usage.

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe parent’s perceptions of their children’s screen usage.

Method

The data collection was done with qualitative open-ended questionnaires. The material was analyzed by phenomenological method.

Results

The results of the study show that parent’s perception of their children’s screen usage is positive. Parents feel that children’s screen usage should be limited and that it is difficult. The screen can be a resource for seeking knowledge as well as social contacts between children via social media.

Conclusion

Parents' perceptions of children's screen usage are both positive and negative. Screen usage is perceived as good when it’s used for educational purposes or contributes to increased physical activity.

Further studies

Implications are studies that investigate the topic from the district nurse's perspective, both regarding the possibility of communication with parents and how parents and the district nurse can work together against unfavorable screen usage among children

Background: Family-centered care in family rooms is more common in Swedish neonatal care units nowadays. Infants were previously cared for in open bay, where multiple newborn children were cared for. In order for the pediatric nurse to be able to provide patient-safe and good family-centered care and obtain a good working environment, it is important to examine the pediatric nurse´s experience of working in family rooms. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the experiences of pediatric nurses working with family-centered care in family rooms at a neonatal care unit. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review with systematic search and examination and builds upon nine scientific articles. The contents were reviewed according to the Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry method. Results: Pediatric nurses experienced that working in a family room promoted family-centered care. Pediatric nurses experienced a worsened work environment. A large part of the work was done alone, and it could give them a sense of isolation. They perceived that their time was no longer enough, and it led to stress and anxiety. Conclusion: Work in family rooms is a new way of working for pediatric nurses. It takes time getting used to the new operating procedures for family-centered care in family rooms to be good and patient safety, simultaneously to maintain a good work environment.

The father is central to the child´s development, but knowledge and understanding of the father´s experiences of his role are lacking. The purpose of this literature study was to explore and describe the man´s experiences of his role as a father to children under six years old. The study resulted in 13 qualitative articles where five themes emerged: dealing with biological differences, passing on masculinity, responsibility as a family provider and decision-maker, striving for equality and involvement, and emotional and practical connection. The result consists of articles from several different countries: Norway, USA, Canada, Ireland, Finland, Czech Republic, Thailand, Poland, Sweden and Ghana. The geographical place and context tend to be significance for the experience´s men have of the father role. Society requires awareness and openness to how different fathers experience their role, knowledge may also be of importance to students in various health care educations who may come to meet fathers in the child health care. Suggestions for continued research may be how same sex couples experience their parenting roles.

Background: Peripheral venous catheters (PVC) are used to deliver medicines, fluids and blood products to the bloodstream. However the use is not risk-free, there is a risk of a local infection or an infection in the bloodstream occurring. A healthcare-associated infection is an infection that occurs in connection with healthcare. Aim: To highlight measures that prevent the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections when the nurse handles peripheral venous catheter. Method: A general literature study based on ten results articles of quantitative method. The results articles were analyzed through content analysis and summarized in five main categories. Result: Presented in the following main categories: (1) Selection of materials, (2) Peripheral venous catheter care, (3) Replacement interval, (4) The importance of the nurse's knowledge, (5) Primary nursing. Several measures had a positive effect on the nurse's infection prevention work. The result showed a statistically significant reduction in PVC-related bloodstream infections with correct choice of material, cleaning of the insertion site, education, primary nurse and increased adherence to guidelines. Conclusion: Measures that prevented the occurrence of infections in the management of PVC were education followed by feedback. A primary nurse, daily disinfection of the insertion site and the correct choice of material also contributed to preventing healthcare-associated infections.

Background: Dysphagia means swallowing difficulties and the causes of the problem vary. Everyday life can change drastically, and meals often involve major challenges. Even spontaneity in everyday life can be affected and planning for social activities more extensive. Shame can affect social interaction and lead to self-isolation. With dysphagia comes increased risks during meals such as choking, which in the worst case can lead to death. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe how adult patients living with dysphagia experience their quality of life. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study, which was based on ten result articles that were processed and analyzed. Results: The results generated in two main categories: Dysphagia occupies my whole life and Interaction is crucial for my quality of life and four subcategories: Dysphagia requires all my attention, Feelings about situations in everyday life with dysphagia, Coping strategies contributes hope for the future and My needs for support from care and welfare. Conclusion: Experiences that affected the quality of life included changes in dietary habits and perceived social interaction. Good relationships and clear communication also proved to provide good conditions for improving the quality of life.

Ideas about self and identity being illusions have been around for a long time in both Eastern and Western philosophies and psychologies. In this article, I trace the concept of there being no independent self (separate from conscious experience) from its ancient roots in the philosophies of Heraclitus and the Buddha through the Age of Enlightenment (David Hume) to modern times (William James, the Dalai Lama). In sport and exercise psychology, substantial interest has grown in mindfulness practices with little attention paid to its original goal in Buddhism of the realization of no-self. The question is, however, what might be the usefulness of these concepts about the illusory nature of the self and identity in the world of sport and exercise psychology service? © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

This article concerns some central aspects of methodology in qualitative research: the participants’ and investigators’ storytelling, and the main instruments in many interview-based qualitative studies, the researchers themselves. We discuss several ethical and interpersonal aspects of qualitative research encounters between investigators and their interviewee participants. Interviewing research participants is a fundamentally exploitative process, and we make suggestions for how we can temper that exploitation by giving something of value back to our participants and to make sure the well-being of the participant is not compromised by our actions. Many research topics in qualitative studies concern experiences of stress, distress and trauma, and interviewees re-telling their stories may become retraumatised. Such retraumatisation constitutes abuse on the part of the researcher. To counter potential abuse and exploitation, we discuss how researchers, as the central instruments in interview-based investigations, can use knowledge of interpersonal neurobiology, psychodynamic theory and mindful practice to enable them to hold their participants (and their participants’ stories) in loving care and maybe even help in healing processes. © 2015 Taylor & Francis

In applied sport, exercise, and performance psychology (SEPP), discussions of meta-supervision (i.e., the supervision of supervision, the training of practitioners to become competent supervisors) are at least 20 years old and go back to the first published account of a meta-supervision program (Barney, Andersen, & Riggs, 1996). Even though 20 years have passed since, the topic of meta-supervision is still relatively rare in the literature, often being a small part of some other research or discussion article. For example, Watson, Zizzi, Etzel, and Lubker (2004) mentioned a meta-supervision issue when they reported that 47 percent of the membership of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) had not received any training in supervision. Recently, however, the topic of meta-supervision has begun to emerge, albeit in a small way. There have been calls for more training in supervision processes, along with suggestions for new supervision training models (e.g., Vosloo, Zakrajsek, & Grindley, 2014). Currently, there is a growing literature on peer supervision in our field, but a review of that topic is beyond the scope of this case study (see Chapters 34 and 35 in this volume for examples). Barney and Andersen (2014a) have explicitly addressed the current status and the future of SEPP meta-supervision. These same authors have incorporated mindfulness into a core feature of meta-supervision: the dynamics within the supervisor-supervisee relationship (Barney & Andersen, 2014b). © 2016 Taylor & Francis.

The purpose of this study was to examine former golf players’ experiences of their career

termination. The following questions were asked: (1) What barriers does golf players experience during the career termination? (2) What resources does golf players experience during the career termination? (3) What strategies does the golf players identify as useful during a career termination. Semi structured interviews were conducted with four female and one male golf players on international level. Through a qualitative content analysis (Hassmén & Hassmén, 2008) 18 high order themes emerged distrubuted on barriers (6), resources (7) and strategies (5). Prominent themes that emerged as both barriers and resources were identity, volontariness of retriment, preparations and social support. The strategies preparations, find new pursuits, social support, take advantage of the golf career and have an optimistic approach were identified as useful. The themes are discussed based on the theoretical framework and previous research. Suggestions for future research and implications are given.

The pandemic has a major impact on the labor market, and the hotel and restaurant business has been the most affected. The workplace has a big impact on the employee's skills development and health. Skills development has been found to be a significant contributing factor within different companies. This results in engaged employees, higher financial turnover and a promoting learning climate. Therefore, it was of importance to study how leaders respond to challenges within the hotel and restaurant business. Business such as the pandemic context, staff turnover and the development that takes place within the company. The aim of this study was to describe leaders experiences of health and skills development in the hotel and restaurant business during the pandemic. The study's theoretical frame and pedagogical view is: The Developmental and adaptive learning and SOC. To answer the study's aim, eleven leaders from different hotels and restaurants participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that social contexts within the workplace during the pandemic promote skills development and good health. Furthermore, stress and imposed work demands has a negative impact on health, where planned or forced skills development is not viewed as sustainable. In conclusion, social relationships are positively associated with skills development and health. Additionally, if the learning is experienced as meaningful, manageable and comprehensible, it is indirectly considered to be health-promoting. The skills development that is forced has shown a negative effect on health. Finally, the interdisciplinary basis of this study is considered to have contributed new and original knowledge about skills development and health in a pandemic context.

Elite sport is tied to high demands and the sport milieus are on a constant quest to get new top results and produce new talented athletes to achieve them. According to Systems Theory, no phenomena is to be understood without understanding the context in which it exists. Former research within the Holistic Ecological Approach have relied on this perspective to study how the environment can be formed to develop talented athletes. What has not been studies is elite athletes’ own perceptions of how the characteristics of the environment has contributed to their athletic career, and what characteristics of the environment they find important to be able to continue their elite career. This purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate this by interviewing 10 elite athletes who compete with the world top athletes in their sport. Each of the participants lived in the south-west of Sweden and represented traditionally individual sports. The thesis concluded that the values of the family and the competition friendly culture of the childhood sports club had been important environmental characteristics in developing the career, together with interactions of key persons and key events. To continue their careers, the participants expressed the importance of a holistic wellbeing through the understanding from all parts of their environment, together with the possibility of equal sparring as most important.

Background: Malnutrition is a common public health problem in older individuals aged 60 and over. The condition occurs when the nutrient supplyis insufficient alternatively the body's ability to absorb nutrients has deteriorated. The impaired nutritional supply harms the physical and mental health of individuals, causing suffering. Purpose: The purpose of the general literature study was to shed light on the nurse's nursing efforts to prevent malnutrition in individuals over 60 years of age. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study with an inductive approach, using eight quantitative articles, two qualitative articles, and two mixedmethod articles. Results: The findings describe three categories that contain adequate nursing interventions that can be performed by the nurse in order to prevent malnutrition. The categories are designing an individually adapted diet, adapting the meal situation, and introducing dietary supplements. Conclusion: The results of the literature study contribute to an increased competence of professional nurses and nursing students regarding how malnutrition can be prevented with adequate nursing interventions in nutrition care. 

As digitalization increases in speed and we become more digital, changes are brought upon every part of society, not least our workplaces. While these changes often create efficiency in organizations, they also come with high demands on individual learning and well-being. Leaders play a central role in change processes, thus improvingleadership is of utmost importance. The purpose of this study was to examine leaders’perception of job demands, resources and learning in an organizational digital change process and contribute to the body of research with understanding of what creates success and health promotion in such change processes. To examine and answer the research questions, eight semi-structured interviews were held with leaders from the care office of the municipality. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. The results from this study show that theleaders’ positive attitude towards digitalization induce wellbeing and that individualmotivation drivers are important resources to support healthiness. The study also finds that the most prominent demand that leaders experience in the digitalization process is to be a good role model. Further, the results show that occasions for education and reflection regarding digitalization are main drivers to promote leaders’ learning.Success is created from having a positive attitude, individual motivation drivers, a supportive learning environment for formal learning, and opportunities for informal learning. For an organizational digital change process to be health promotional, motivation and support are important factors as they create opportunities for improvement of well-being and learning at the workplace.

Syftet med denna studien är att undersöka hur låg- och mellanstadielärare uppfattar implementeringen och användningen av digitala verktyg i språkskolor utifrån domesticeringsteorin. Lärarnas uppfattning kopplas samman med riktlinjer från politiska styrdokument gällande digitaliseringen av skolan för att få en förståelse för den digitala utvecklingen i språkskolan. För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar har två metoder tillämpats, dels en kvalitativ intervjustudie med fyra låg-och mellanstadielärare från två språkskolor, och dels en kvalitativ dokumentanalys av sex politiska styrdokument. Resultatet visar att lärarna uppfattar flera fördelar med de digitala verktygen, men främst ser dem som ett komplement för undervisningen. I viss utsträckning ifrågasätter dem den politiskt pådrivna digitaliseringen när de inte ser det pedagogiska syftet i att använda digitala verktyg. Resultatet visar även att de olika digitala verktygen kommit olika långt i domesticering på språkskolorna och processen påverkas av flera olika faktorer. 

Compression therapy is the basic treatment for venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers. Living with venous leg ulcers has an impact on patients’ well-being and daily life. The nurse has an important role in promoting wound healing through collaboration with the patient. According to studies patients’ adherence to compression therapy is insufficient, which can lead to origin and recurrence of leg ulcers and extended healing time. The purpose of the study was to illustrate significant factors for adherence to compression therapy in patients with venous insufficiency. The study was conducted as a general literature study based on an inductive approach. The result is based on five qualitative studies, four quantitative studies and two studies with a mixed method approach. Two main themes emerged in the result of the literature study: Internal factors and external factors with a total of ten sub themes. The result of the literature study reveals that motivation, mental illness, knowledge and understanding, discomfort, self – image, independence, education, finances and trusting relationship between nurse and patient are key factors in adherence to compression therapy. Further research on the patients’ experiences is needed to gain better understanding, which can develop into guidelines, where it can be stated which nursing actions to prevent and manage the patients that are unwilling to be treated.