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  • 101.
    Aktekin, Burak
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Massel, Felix
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics.
    Ahmadi, Majid
    Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Sci, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands..
    Valvo, Mario
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Hahlin, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Zipprich, Wolfgang
    Volkswagen AG, D-38436 Wolfsburg, Germany..
    Marzano, Fernanda
    Scania CV AB, SE-15187 Sodertalje, Sweden..
    Duda, Laurent
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics.
    Younesi, Reza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Edström, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Brandell, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    How Mn/Ni Ordering Controls Electrochemical Performance in High-Voltage Spinel LiNi0.44Mn1.56O4 with Fixed Oxygen Content2020In: ACS Applied Energy Materials, E-ISSN 2574-0962, Vol. 3, no 6, p. 6001-6013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The crystal structure of LiNi0.5O4 (LNMO) can adopt either low-symmetry ordered (Fd (3) over barm) or high-symmetry disordered (P4(3)32) space group depending on the synthesis conditions. A majority of published studies agree on superior electrochemical performance of disordered LNMO, but the underlying reasons for improvement remain unclear due to the fact that different thermal history of the samples affects other material properties such as oxygen content and particle morphology. In this study, ordered and disordered samples were prepared with a new strategy that renders samples with identical properties apart from their cation ordering degree. This was achieved by heat treatment of powders under pure oxygen atmosphere at high temperature with a final annealing step at 710 degrees C for both samples, followed by slow or fast cooling. Electrochemical testing showed that cation disordering improves the stability of material in charged (delithiated) state and mitigates the impedance rise in LNMO parallel to LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and LNMO parallel to Li cells. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thicker surface films were observed on the ordered material, indicating more electrolyte side reactions. The ordered samples also showed significant changes in the Ni 2p XPS spectra, while the generation of ligand (oxygen) holes was observed in the Ni-O environment for both samples using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images indicated that the ordered samples show a decrease in ordering near the particle surface after cycling and a tendency toward rock-salt-like phase transformations. These results show that the structural arrangement of Mn/Ni (alone) has an effect on the surface and "nearsurface" properties of LNMO, particularly in delithiated state, which is likely connected to the bulk electronic properties of this electrode material.

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  • 102.
    Aktekin, Burak
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Valvo, Mario
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Smith, Ronald I.
    Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
    Sörby, Magnus H.
    Inst Energy Technol, Dept Neutron Mat Characterizat, POB 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
    Marzano, Fernanda Lodi
    Scania CV AB, SE-15187 Sodertalje, Sweden.
    Zipprich, Wolfgang
    Volkswagen AG, D-38436 Wolfsburg, Germany.
    Brandell, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Edström, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Brant, William
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Structural Chemistry.
    Cation Ordering and Oxygen Release in LiNi0.5-xMn1.5+xO4-y (LNMO): In Situ Neutron Diffraction and Performance in Li Ion Full Cells2019In: ACS Applied Energy Materials, E-ISSN 2574-0962, Vol. 2, no 5, p. 3323-3335Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lithium ion cells utilizing LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) as the positive electrode are prone to fast capacity fading, especially when operated in full cells and at elevated temperatures. The crystal structure of LNMO can adopt a P4(3)32 (cation-ordered) or Fd (3) over barm (disordered) arrangement, and the fading rate of cells is usually mitigated when samples possess the latter structure. However, synthesis conditions leading to disordering also lead to oxygen deficiencies and rock-salt impurities and as a result generate Mn3+. In this study, in situ neutron diffraction was performed on disordered and slightly Mn-rich LNMO samples to follow cation ordering-disordering transformations during heating and cooling. The study shows for the first time that there is not a direct connection between oxygen release and cation disordering, as cation disordering is observed to start prior to oxygen release when the samples are heated in a pure oxygen atmosphere. This result demonstrates that it is possible to tune disordering in LNMO without inducing oxygen deficiencies or forming the rock-salt impurity phase. In the second part of the study, electrochemical testing of samples with different degrees of ordering and oxygen content has been performed in LNMO vertical bar vertical bar LTO (Li4Ti5O12) full cells. The disordered sample exhibits better performance, as has been reported in other studies; however, we observe that all cells behave similarly during the initial period of cycling even when discharged at a 10 C rate, while differences arise only after a period of cycling. Additionally, the differences in fading rate were observed to be time-dependent rather than dependent on the number of cycles. This performance degradation is believed to be related to instabilities in LNMO at higher voltages, that is, in its lower lithiation states. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies should target the individual effects of ordering and oxygen content. It is also suggested that more emphasis during electrochemical testing should be placed on the stability of samples in their delithiated state.

  • 103.
    Al Husseinat, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Persson, Emma
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Carlhamn Rasmussen, Ran
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Rynkiewicz, Filip
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Lignin/Carbon Fibre Composites2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The market is in great need of more environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil-based composite materials to obtain a more sustainable future. Lignin is the second most common biopolymer and is a byproduct in the pulping and paper industry. Fractionation of lignin has made it possible to receive lignin with narrow dispersity and low molecular weight, which is suitable for further applications. Modification of lignin structure yields new reactive sites that can be tailored for specific needs. Because of the aromatic structure of lignin, it is a promising renewable resource for production of thermosets. In this project Kraft lignin is sequentially solvent-fractionated and modified in an allylation process with allyl chloride. The allylated lignin is reacted with a cross-linking agent and used to impregnate carbon fibre mats. The resin-coated material is then cured at 125 oC to achieve a composite material. The project also encompasses characterization of the chemical structure of lignin in the different fractions. The morphology and adhesive properties of the lignin as well as the carbon fibres and the composite material was investigated. Although the production of composite material from lignin and carbon fibres were accomplished, bubble formation in the resin was a problem for all composite samples that were prepared, whether it was during solvent evaporation or during curing. By performing the addition of resin to carbon fibre mats in multiple steps, where pressure is added after the first applied layer, it is suggested that complete adhesion to the carbon fibre can be achieved, whilst maintaining adequate resin to carbon fibre ratio. 

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  • 104. Alaghmandfard, A.
    et al.
    Sedighi, O.
    Tabatabaei Rezaei, N.
    Abedini, A. A.
    Malek Khachatourian, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Seifalian, A.
    Recent advances in the modification of carbon-based quantum dots for biomedical applications2021In: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems, ISSN 0928-4931, E-ISSN 1873-0191, Vol. 120, article id 111756Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon-based quantum dots (CDs) are mainly divided into two sub-groups; carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which exhibit outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties, low toxicity, superior biocompatibility and facile functionalization. Regarding these features, they have been promising candidates for biomedical science and engineering applications. In this work, we reviewed the efforts made to modify these zero-dimensional nano-materials to obtain the best properties for bio-imaging, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy, and bio-sensor applications. Five main surface modification techniques with outstanding results are investigated, including doping, surface functionalization, polymer capping, nano-composite and core-shell structures, and the drawbacks and challenges in each of these methods are discussed.

  • 105.
    Alam, Mehebub
    et al.
    Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, India.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    The past, present, and future of piezoelectric fluoropolymers: Towards efficient and robust wearable nanogenerators2023In: Nano Research Energy, ISSN 2791-0091, Vol. 2, no 4, article id e9120076Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) derivatives in metal/PVDF/metal (MPM) sandwich structures have been studied extensively since 1969. Cousin copolymers of the same family have been discovered with fascinating piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrocaloric, and ferroelectric properties. Solution processing, flexibility, lightweight, and thermal stability make this class of materials complementary to inorganics. Thus, PVDF based polymers potentially compete with inorganic materials for a broad range of technologies such as energy generators, loudspeakers, coolers, and memories. However, the stable non-electroactive α-phase and hydrophobic nature of PVDF are the main barriers for developoing high performing and robust MPM devices in electronic applications. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview on different methods to induce the electroactive β-phase and improve the adhesion strength with metals to ensure robust and durable MPM devices. We go through advantages and disadvantages of several methods and pinpoint future opportunities in this research area. A special attention is paid to wearable piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting from human body motion, where flexible PVDF derivatives are compared with rigid piezoelectric ceramics. While the piezoelectric coefficient of PVDF (d33 ~ 24–34 pm/V) is one order lower than ceramic materials, novel co-polymers of PVDF display d33 > 1000 pm/V upon bias. This shows promise to bring piezoelectrics to flexible and large-area applications such as smart textiles. We also discussed challenges to improve wearability, such as light weight, breathability, and flexibility.

  • 106.
    Alay-e-Abbas, Syed Muhammad
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Computational Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
    Abbas, Ghulam
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Zulfiqar, Waqas
    Computational Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
    Sajjad, Muhammad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.
    Singh, Nirpendra
    Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates.
    Larsson, J. Andreas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Structure inversion asymmetry enhanced electronic structure and electrical transport in 2D A3SnO (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) anti-perovskite monolayers2023In: Nano Reseach, ISSN 1998-0124, E-ISSN 1998-0000, Vol. 16, no 1, p. 1779-1791Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anti-perovskites A3SnO (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) are an important class of materials due to the emergence of Dirac cones and tiny mass gaps in their band structures originating from an intricate interplay of crystal symmetry, spin-orbit coupling, and band overlap. This provides an exciting playground for modulating their electronic properties in the two-dimensional (2D) limit. Herein, we employ first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations by combining dispersion-corrected SCAN + rVV10 and mBJ functionals for a comprehensive side-by-side comparison of the structural, thermodynamic, dynamical, mechanical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of bulk and monolayer (one unit cell thick) A3SnO anti-perovskites. Our results show that 2D monolayers derived from bulk A3SnO anti-perovskites are structurally and energetically stable. Moreover, Rashba-type splitting in the electronic structure of Ca3SnO and Sr3SnO monolayers is observed owing to strong spin-orbit coupling and inversion asymmetry. On the other hand, monolayer Ba3SnO exhibits Dirac cone at the high-symmetry Γ point due to the domination of band overlap. Based on the predicted electronic transport properties, it is shown that inversion asymmetry plays an essential character such that the monolayers Ca3SnO and Sr3SnO outperform thermoelectric performance of their bulk counterparts.

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  • 107.
    Alberoni, Chiara
    et al.
    Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, Italy.
    Barroso-Martín, Isabel
    Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
    Infantes-Molina, Antonia
    Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
    Rodríguez-Castellón, Enrique
    Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
    Talon, Aldo
    Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, Italy.
    Zhao, Haiguang
    Qingdao University – College of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.
    You, Shujie
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Vomiero, Alberto
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science. Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, Italy.
    Moretti, Elisa
    Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venezia Mestre, Italy.
    Ceria doping boosts methylene blue photodegradation in titania nanostructures2021In: Materials Chemistry Frontiers, E-ISSN 2052-1537, Vol. 5, no 11, p. 4138-4152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ceria-doped titania photocatalysts (ceria loading 0.25–5.0 wt%) were synthesized by hydrothermal methods for water remediation. Nanotubes (CeTNTx) and nanoparticles (CeTNPx) were obtained. Ceria doping was applied to tune the electronic properties of nanostructured titania, boosting its photocatalytic activity. CeTNT nanostructures contained anatase as the only titania phase, whereas the CeTNP series consisted of both anatase and rutile polymorphs. The Ce addition induced a decrease in the energy gap, allowing enhancement of visible light harvesting. The photodegradation of methylene blue, MB, in aqueous solution was chosen to study the influence of the morphology and the ceria loading on the photocatalytic response, under UV and solar light. Both CeO2–TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes were found to be very active under UV light. The highest MB degradation rates were obtained for the 0.25 wt% CeO2 doping, for both nanotubes and nanoparticles (0.123 and 0.146 min−1, respectively), able to photodegrade completely the dye after 120 min. The two samples are stable after a 3-cycle reusability test. The photo-response under simulated solar light confirmed that doping titania with ceria allows harvesting visible light absorption, enhancing its photoactivity. A maximum efficiency of 85% under simulated sunlight at a degradation rate of 0.054 min−1 was obtained. Transient photoluminescence confirmed that MB acts as a charge scavenger for the composite system. These results pointed out ceria-doped titania nanostructures as a promising class of photocatalysts for the degradation of dyes and other hazardous organic compounds in wastewater.

  • 108.
    Albertin, S.
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Gustafson, J.
    Lund Univ, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Zhou, J.
    Lund Univ, Div Combust Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Pfaff, S.
    Lund Univ, Div Combust Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Shipilin, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Div Phys Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Blomberg, S.
    Lund Univ, Dept Chem Engn, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Merte, Lindsay R.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics (MTM).
    Gutowski, O.
    Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany..
    Dippel, A-C
    Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany..
    Zetterberg, J.
    Lund Univ, Div Combust Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Lundgren, E.
    Lund Univ, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Hejral, U.
    Lund Univ, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Surface optical reflectance combined with x-ray techniques during gas-surface interactions2020In: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, ISSN 0022-3727, E-ISSN 1361-6463, Vol. 53, no 22, article id 224001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High energy surface x-ray diffraction (HESXRD), x-ray reflectivity (XRR), mass spectrometry (MS) and surface optical reflectance (SOR) have been combined to simultaneously obtain sub-second information on the surface structure and morphology from a Pd(100) model catalyst during in situ oxidation at elevated temperatures and pressures resulting in Pd bulk oxide formation. The results show a strong correlation between the HESXRD and SOR signal intensities during the experiment, enabling phase determination and a time-resolved thickness estimation of the oxide by HESXRD, complemented by XRR measurements. The experiments show a remarkable sensitivity of the SOR to changes in the surface phase and morphology, in particular to the initial stages of oxidation/reduction. The data imply that SOR can detect the formation of an ultrathin PdO surface oxide layer of only 2-3 angstrom thickness.

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  • 109.
    Albertin, Stefano
    et al.
    Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
    Merte, Lindsay R.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Technology and Society (TS), Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics (MTM).
    Lundgren, Edvin
    Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
    Martin, Rachel
    Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
    Weaver, Jason F.
    Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
    Dippel, Ann-Christin
    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
    Gutowski, Olof
    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
    Hejral, Uta
    Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
    Oxidation and Reduction of Ir(100) Studied by High-Energy Surface X-ray Diffraction2022In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 126, no 11, p. 5244-5255Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The oxidation and reduction of an Ir(100) surface using 2.5, 5, and 10 mbar O2 partial pressure and a sample temperature of 775 K have been studied by using high-energy surface X-ray diffraction (HESXRD) which allowed to record large volumes of reciprocal space in short time periods. The complex 3D diffraction patterns could be disentangled in a stepwise procedure. For the 2.5mbar experiment the measurements indicate the formation of an Ir(100)-O c(2 × 2) oxygen superstructure along with the onset of epitaxial IrO2(110) bulk oxide formation. For the 5 and 10 mbar O2 partial pressures the formation of additional IrO2 bulk oxide epitaxies with (100) and (101) orientations as well as of polycrystalline IrO2 was observed. Upon CO reduction, we found the IrO2 islands to be reduced into epitaxial and metallic Ir(111) and (221) oriented islands.

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  • 110.
    Alexakis, Alexandros Efraim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Jerlhagen, Åsa
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Telaretti Leggieri, Rosella
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Eliasson, Adrian
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Benselfelt, Tobias
    School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore.
    Malmström, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Modification of CNF‐Networks by the Addition of Small Amounts of Well‐Defined Rigid Cationic Nanolatexes2022In: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, ISSN 1022-1352, E-ISSN 1521-3935, Vol. 224, no 1, p. 2200249-2200249Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-networks are modified by the addition of small amounts (below 10 wt%) of well-defined cationic nanolatexes synthesized through reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Minute amounts of nanolatex inclusions lead to increased tensile and shear moduli, indicating that nanolatexes can act as bridging-points between CNFs. At higher nanolatex content, this stiffening effect is lost, likely due to interactions between nanolatexes leading to plasticization. The influence of nanolatex content and size on interparticle distance is discussed and is used as a tool to understand the effects observed in macroscopic properties. Upon annealing, the stiffening effect is lost due to the softening of the nanolatexes, indicating that the core–shell morphology is a prerequisite for this effect. These systems form a versatile platform to develop fundamental insights into complex condensed colloidal systems, to ultimately aid in the development of new sustainable material concepts.

  • 111.
    Alexakis, Alexandros Efraim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Telaretti Leggieri, Rosella
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
    Malmström, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Benselfelt, Tobias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
    Nanolatex architectonics: Influence of cationic charge density and size on their adsorption onto surfaces with a 2D or 3D distribution of anionic groups2023In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 634, p. 610-620Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 112.
    Alexis, naza
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry.
    Corrosion behavior of lead-free and dezincification resistant brass alloys in tap water2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Dezincification resistant (DZR) and lead-free brass alloys continue to be widely applied replacing lead containing brasses in the drinking water sector. Due to the limited number of corrosion studies of these alloys in tap water, the present thesis was initiated with the aim to understand how the water type, its temperature and exposure duration can affect the corrosion behavior. Three DZR brass alloys were studied in order to evaluate their corrosion behavior in tap water of varying characteristics. The alloys included were two lead-free brasses (CW511L and CW724R) and a leaded brass alloy (CW602N) considered as a reference material. A combination of electrochemical, microscopic and surface analytical techniques were adopted to explore the corrosion form, mechanisms and corrosion rate. While these alloys passed the dezincification test as per ISO 6509-1:2014, the aim was to assess their corrosion performance in tap water.

    The influence of water chemistry parameters including pH, chloride concentration and alkalinity on the corrosion resistance of the three DZR alloys was investigated in short-term exposures (24 h). Depending on the brass alloy, the corrosivity of the test waters varied. The results show grade CW511L to be more sensitive in tap water of higher chloride concentration (44.7 mg/L) and alkalinity (310 mg/L) compared with low pH (6.9). However, opposite results were obtained for both CW724R and CW602N. The corrosivity of the test water was also affected by the temperature when increased from 22°C to 50°C during 24 h of immersion. While no dezincification features were observed on the surfaces, a combination of general and localized corrosion was observed to a largely variable extent between the alloys. The extent of initiation of localized corrosion varied with test water and alloy composition. While CW724R and CW602N showed similar high susceptibility to localized corrosion in the alkaline (pH 8.2) tap water, CW511L was more prone to pitting corrosion in tap water of low pH (6.9). The effect of exposure duration was explored in the alkaline test water for the three brasses up to 72 days. Corrosion rates based on weight loss showed an expected initial high corrosion rate which declined with continuous immersion, leading to low and similar corrosion rates for all three brass alloys after 72 days. Thus, at given test conditions, the lead-free brasses showed good corrosion behavior being competitive to the performance of lead containing brass. Therefore, lead-free brass alloys are good candidates to substitute lead-containing brasses in tap water applications.

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  • 113.
    Alfakes, Boulos
    et al.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates..
    Garlisi, Corrado
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Res & Innovat CO2 & H2 RICH Ctr, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Villegas, Juan
    New York Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Abu Dhabi 129118, U Arab Emirates..
    Al-Hagri, Abdulrahman
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates..
    Tamalampudi, Srinivasa
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates..
    Rajput, Nitul S.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates..
    Lu, Jin-You
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates..
    Lewin, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry.
    Sá, Jacinto
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Physical Chemistry. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland..
    Almansouri, Ibraheem
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates..
    Palmisano, Giovanni
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Res & Innovat CO2 & H2 RICH Ctr, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Chiesa, Matteo
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, LENS, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Masdar Campus, Abu Dhabi 54224, U Arab Emirates.;UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway..
    Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of atomic layer deposited Hf-doped ZnO2020In: Surface & Coatings Technology, ISSN 0257-8972, E-ISSN 1879-3347, Vol. 385, article id 125352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Generation of hydrogen using photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has attracted researchers for the last two decades. Several materials have been utilized as a photoanode in a water splitting cell, including ZnO due to its abundance, low production cost and suitable electronic structure. Most research attempts focused on doping ZnO to tailor its properties for a specific application. In this work, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to precisely dope ZnO with hafnium (Hf) in order to enhance its PEC performance. The resultant doped materials showed a significant improvement in PEC efficiency compared to pristine ZnO, which is linked directly to Hf introduction revealed by detailed optical, structural and electrical analyses. The photocurrent obtained in the best performing Hf-doped sample (0.75 wt% Hf) was roughly threefold higher compared to the undoped ZnO. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open-circuit potential-decay (OCPD) measurements confirmed suppression in photocarriers' surface recombination in the doped films, which led to a more efficient PEC water oxidation. The enhanced PEC performance of Hf-doped ZnO and effectiveness of the used metal dopant are credited to the synergistic optimization of chemical composition, which enhanced the electrical, structural including morphological, and optical properties of the final material, making Hf-doping an attractive candidate for novel PEC electrodes.

  • 114.
    Alfredsson, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Varför svänger stenen?: En studie i curlingens komplexa tribosystem2010Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The tribo system ice-curling stone was investigated in order to understand the mechanisms behind the stones' behavior on the ice sheet. The problem with non-identical stones should also be addressed.The stone curls, that is, its sliding path deviates from a straight line to the right for a clock-wise rotation and to the left for a anti-clock-wise rotation. Several mechanisms to explain this behavior have been proposed over the years but none has been successful.By carrying out experiments at the local curling rink and studying silicon castings of ice- and stone-surfaces with scanning electron microscopy and vertical scanning interferometry, it has been decided that the curl is not due to dry friction, ice-debris or the difference in friction on the left and right side of the stone. The side force comes from the fact that the friction is higher at the back of the stone than at the front.The contact between stone and ice is never completely dry, nor in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime. It is probably a combination of hydrodynamic lubrication and a contribution from mechanical scratching of the ice. The coefficient of friction depends upon the velocity, from 0.01 for velocities around 1 m/s to higher values for lower velocities. It is not possible to make identical stones, that is identical glide band structures out of Blue Hone granite, since its composition is too inhomogeneous and its grain size is too course. It is recommended to use an amorphous or very fine grained material, at least in the surface of the glideband.

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  • 115. Al-Hamdi, Abdullah M.
    et al.
    Sillanpaa, Mika
    Bora, Tanujjal
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Efficient photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution by SnO2:Sb nanoparticles2016In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 370, p. 229-236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photodegradation of phenol in the presence of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles under UV light irradiation is known to be an effective photocatalytic process. However, phenol degradation under solar light is less effective due to the large band gap of SnO2. In this study antimony (Sb) doped tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were prepared at a low temperature (80 degrees C) by a sol-gel method and studied for its photo catalytic activity with phenol as a test contaminant. The catalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous media was studied using high performance liquid chromatography and total organic carbon measurements. The change in the concentration of phenol affects the pH of the solution due to the by-products formed during the photo-oxidation of phenol. The photoactivity of SnO2:Sb was found to be a maximum for 0.6 wt.% Sb doped SnO2 nanoparticles with 10 mg L-1 phenol in water. Within 2 h of photodegradation, more than 95% of phenol could be removed under solar light irradiation.

  • 116.
    Alharbi, Essa A.
    et al.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Baumeler, Thomas P.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Krishna, Anurag
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Alyamani, Ahmed Y.
    Natl Ctr Nanotechnol King Abdulaziz City Sci & Te, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia..
    Eickemeyer, Felix T.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Ouellette, Olivier
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Pan, Linfeng
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Alghamdi, Fahad S.
    Natl Ctr Nanotechnol King Abdulaziz City Sci & Te, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia..
    Wang, Zaiwei
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Alotaibi, Mohammad Hayal
    Natl Ctr Nanotechnol King Abdulaziz City Sci & Te, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia..
    Yang, Bowen
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Almalki, Masaud
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Mensi, Mounir D.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Chem Sci & Engn ISIC, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland..
    Albrithen, Hamad
    Natl Ctr Nanotechnol King Abdulaziz City Sci & Te, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.;KA CARE Energy Res & Innovat Ctr Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;King Saud Univ, Lab Appl Sensing Res, King Abdullah Inst Nanotechnol Aramco, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.;King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Res Chair Tribol Surface & Interface Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia..
    Albadri, Abdulrahman
    Natl Ctr Nanotechnol King Abdulaziz City Sci & Te, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia..
    Hagfeldt, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Physical Chemistry. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Gratzel, Michael
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photon & Interfaces, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Formation of High-Performance Multi-Cation Halide Perovskites Photovoltaics by delta-CsPbI3/delta-RbPbI3 Seed-Assisted Heterogeneous Nucleation2021In: Advanced Energy Materials, ISSN 1614-6832, E-ISSN 1614-6840, Vol. 11, no 16, article id 2003785Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The performance of perovskite solar cells is highly dependent on the fabrication method; thus, controlling the growth mechanism of perovskite crystals is a promising way towards increasing their efficiency and stability. Herein, a multi-cation halide composition of perovskite solar cells is engineered via the two-step sequential deposition method. Strikingly, it is found that adding mixtures of 1D polymorphs of orthorhombic delta-RbPbI3 and delta-CsPbI3 to the PbI2 precursor solution induces the formation of porous mesostructured hexagonal films. This porosity greatly facilitates the heterogeneous nucleation and the penetration of FA (formamidinium)/MA (methylammonium) cations within the PbI2 film. Thus, the subsequent conversion of PbI2 into the desired multication cubic alpha-structure by exposing it to a solution of formamidinium methylammonium halides is greatly enhanced. During the conversion step, the delta-CsPbI3 also is fully integrated into the 3D mixed cation perovskite lattice, which exhibits high crystallinity and superior optoelectronic properties. The champion device shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 22%. Furthermore, these devices exhibit enhanced operational stability, with the best device retaining more than 90% of its initial value of PCE under 1 Sun illumination with maximum power point tracking for 400 h.

  • 117. Alhayali, Amani
    et al.
    Tavelin, Staffan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Velaga, Sitaram
    Dissolution and precipitation behavior of ternary solid dispersions of ezetimibe in biorelevant media2017In: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, ISSN 0363-9045, E-ISSN 1520-5762, Vol. 43, no 1, p. 79-88Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of different formulations and processes on inducing and maintaining the supersaturation of ternary solid dispersions of ezetimibe (EZ) in two biorelevant media fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) and fasted-state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) at different temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) were investigated in this work.

    Ternary solid dispersions of EZ were prepared by adding polymer PVP-K30 and surfactant poloxamer 188 using melt-quenching and spray-drying methods. The resulting solid dispersions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated DSC, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. The dissolution of all the ternary solid dispersions was tested in vitro under non-sink conditions.

    All the prepared solid dispersions were amorphous in nature. In FaSSIF at 25 °C, the melt-quenched (MQ) solid dispersions of EZ were more soluble than the spray-dried (SD) solid dispersions and supersaturation was maintained. However, at 37 °C, rapid and variable precipitation behavior was observed for all the MQ and SD formulations. In FaSSGF, the melting method resulted in better solubility than the spray-drying method at both temperatures.

    Ternary solid dispersions show potential for improving solubility and supersaturation. However, powder dissolution experiments of these solid dispersions of EZ at 25 °C may not predict the supersaturation behavior at physiologically relevant temperatures.

  • 118. Ali, A.
    et al.
    Rafique, A.
    Kaleemullah, M.
    Abbas, G.
    Ajmal Khan, M.
    Ahmad, M. A.
    Raza, Rizwan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology. Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
    Effect of Alkali Carbonates (Single, Binary, and Ternary) on Doped Ceria: A Composite Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells2018In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 806-818Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Samarium-doped ceria (SDC) carbonate has become an attractive electrolyte for fuel cells because of its remarkable ion conductivity and high performance. Different doped ceria-carbonate (single-carbonate SDC, binary-carbonate SDC, and ternary-carbonate SDC) electrolytes were synthesized by the coprecipitation/oxalate method, to optimize the electrochemical performance. The structure; morphology; and thermal, optical, and surface properties have been studied using a variety of techniques. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the successful incorporation of samarium into ceria as a crystalline structure and inclusion of carbonate, which is amorphous in nature. To analyze the conduction mechanism, direct current conductivity was measured in a H2/O2 atmosphere. Doped ceria-binary carbonate ((Li/Na)CO3-SDC) showed the best conductivity of 0.31 S cm-1 and power density of 617 mW cm-2, at 600 °C. The enhancement in the ionic conductivity and performance of the composites is due to the contribution of hybrid ions (O2-, H+). The crystallite size of the composites was in the range 21-41 nm. For the calculation of band gaps, optical absorption spectra of the synthesized powders were analyzed, and they showed a red shift with the band gap energy in the range 2.6-3.01 eV, when compared to that of pure ceria (3.20 eV).

  • 119.
    Ali Ahmad, Syed Ossama
    et al.
    Govt Coll Univ, Pakistan.
    Ashfaq, Atif
    Govt Coll Univ, Pakistan.
    Akbar, Muhammad Usama
    Govt Coll Univ, Pakistan.
    Ikram, Mujtaba
    Univ Punjab, Pakistan.
    Khan, Karim
    Dongguan Univ Technol DGUT, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ikram, Muhammad
    Govt Coll Univ, Pakistan.
    Mahmood, Asif
    Univ Sydney, Australia.
    Application of two-dimensional materials in perovskite solar cells: recent progress, challenges, and prospective solutions2021In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, ISSN 2050-7526, E-ISSN 2050-7534, Vol. 9, no 40, p. 14065-14092Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perovskite solar cells (per-SCs) with high performance and cost-effective solution processing have been the center of interest for researchers in the past decade. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been gradually improved up to 25.2% with relatively improved stability, which is an unparalleled progress in all generations of solar cell (SC) technology. However, there are still some prevailing challenges regarding the stability and upscaling of these promising devices. Recently, 2D layered materials (LMs) have been extensively explored to overcome the prevailing challenges of poor stability (under moisture, light soaking and high temperature), halide segregation, hysteresis, involvement of toxic materials (i.e., lead), and upscaling of devices. A critical review addressing the recent developments in the use of 2D materials, especially transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), is hence necessary. The development of novel synthesis and deposition techniques including liquid-metal synthesis and ultrasonic assisted spray pyrolysis has offered more efficient fabrication of 2D-LMs with controlled thickness and morphology. Effective functionalization approaches to increase the dispersability of 2D-LMs in non-polar solvents has boosted their potential application in solar cell technology as well. Moreover, compositing 2D TMDCs with suitable organic/inorganic compounds has enabled superior charge kinetics in all functional parts of per-SCs. In addition, newly developed materials such as graphyne and graphdyine along with 2D metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been employed in per-SCs to achieve PCEs up to 20%. This review summarizes the recent progress and challenges in the application of 2D-LMs in per-SCs and outlines the future pathways to further extend the PCE of per-SCs beyond 25%. This review particularly focuses on 2D-LMs as electrode materials and additives, the underlying charge (electron-hole) transport phenomenon in the functional layers, and their chemical and structural stability.

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  • 120.
    Ali, Asad
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Laaksonen, Aatto
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science. Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, ‘‘Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
    Huang, Guo
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Hussain, Shahid
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Luo, Shuiping
    College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
    Shen, Pei Kang
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
    Zhu, Jinliang
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
    Ji, Xiaoyan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Emerging strategies and developments in oxygen reduction reaction using high-performance Platinum-based electrocatalysts2023In: Nano Reseach, ISSN 1998-0124, E-ISSN 1998-0000Article, review/survey (Refereed)
  • 121.
    Ali, Asad
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science. School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, P. R. China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Liang, Fengxing
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, P. R. China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Feng, Huiyan
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, P. R. China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Tang, Mei
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, P. R. China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Jalil Shah, Syed
    School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Ahmad, Fawad
    Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, (47010), Punjab, Pakistan.
    Ji, Xiaoyan
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Kang Shen, Pei
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, P. R. China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Zhu, Jinliang
    School of Resources, Environment and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, P. R. China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
    Gram-scale production of in-situ generated iron carbide nanoparticles encapsulated via nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for oxygen evolution reaction2023In: Materials Science for Energy Technologies, E-ISSN 2589-2991, Vol. 6, p. 301-309Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Optimizing electrocatalytic activity and recognizing the most reactive sites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are valuable to the order of renewable power. In this research article, we explored an innovative in-situ annealing technique for constructing iron carbide nanoparticles (Fe3C NPs) encapsulated via nitrogen and phosphorous doped bamboo-shape carbon nanotubes (NP-CNTs) for OER. Interestingly, the constructed Fe3C NPs@NP-CNT-800 composite exhibited remarkable electrochemical operation and offered a stable current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a lower overpotential (280 mV) in an alkaline solution. Furthermore, an innovative Fe3C NPs@N,P-CNT-800 hybrid surpassed the standard RuO2 electrocatalyst in terms of OER performance and showed negligible degradation in chronoamperometric (21 h) and chronopotentiometry (3000 cycles) analyses. The remarkable performance and stability are ascribed to the Fe3C NPs, novel tubular bamboo-like morphology of its carbon materials, and heteroatom doping, which contribute to the electrochemical interfaces, large surface area, active catalytic sites, and rapid charge transfer kinetics.

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  • 122.
    Ali, Aya
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Reaction of Copper and Copper(I) Iodide with Iodine and Strong Field Ligands2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Perovskit solceller (PSCs) är kända som 'ljusomvandling' enheter med ökad omvandlingseffektivitiet (PCE). PSCs är kända för detta flexibilitet och hög tolerans mot defekter och består av fem lager med olika material och egenskaper. De fem lagren är följande; transparant elektrod, elektron ledande lager (ETL), perovskit lager, hål ledande lager (HTL) och metallelektroden. 

    Detta forskningsarbete fokuserar på metallelektroden (Cu-tunn film), HTL (CuI-tunn film) och det aktiva lagret (CuI-komplex). 

    Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka effekten av olika tjocklekar på ytans morfologi och grovhet för att se mängden jod som tränger sig genom filmen genom att beräkna volymen. 

    Resultatet av denna studie visar att ökad tjocklek leder till ökad grovhet. Man ser även att en ökad tjocklek leder till ett mer homogent och jämn yta, och dessutom ökar kornstorleken, vilket tyder på att kvaliten av kristallisationen förbättras. 

    Slutligen, genom att känna till tjockleken och storleken (arean) på ytan av proverna kunde man beräkna volymen för att indikera mängden jod som trängt sig genom filmen. Resultatet av denna del indikerade att ju tjockare provet är, desto mer kommer jod att tränga sig genom filmen.

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  • 123.
    Ali, Gulzar
    et al.
    University of Sindh, Pakistan.
    Tahira, Aneela
    Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Begum Mallah, Arfana
    University of Sindh, Pakistan.
    Ahmed Mallah, Sarfraz
    University of Sindh, Pakistan.
    Ibupoto, Akila
    Shah Abdul Latif University, Pakistan.
    Ahmed Khand, Aftab
    Tsinghua University, Peoples R China.
    Baradi, Waryani
    University of Sindh, Pakistan.
    Willander, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yu, Cong
    Chinese Academic Science, Peoples R China.
    Hussain Ibupoto, Zafar
    University of Sindh, Pakistan; Chinese Academic Science, Peoples R China.
    Functional CuO Microstructures for Glucose Sensing2018In: Journal of Electronic Materials, ISSN 0361-5235, E-ISSN 1543-186X, Vol. 47, no 2, p. 1519-1525Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CuO microstructures are produced in the presence of water-soluble amino acids by hydrothermal method. The used amino acids include isoleucine, alpha alanine, and arginine as a soft template and are used for tuning the morphology of CuO nanostructures. The crystalline and morphological investigations were carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The XRD study has shown that CuO material obtained in the presence of different amino acids is of high purity and all have the same crystal phase. The CuO microstructures prepared in the presence of arginine were used for the development of sensitive and selective glucose biosensor. The linear range for the glucose detection are from 0.001 mM to 30 mM and limit of detection was found to be 0.0005 mM. The sensitivity was estimated around 77 mV/decade. The developed biosensor is highly selective, sensitive, stable and reproducible. The glucose biosensor was used for the determination of real human blood samples and the obtained results are satisfactory. The CuO material is functional therefore can be capitalized in wide range of applications such as lithium ion batteries, all oxide solar cells and supercapacitors.

  • 124.
    Ali, Salamat
    et al.
    School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
    Ahmad, Awais
    Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C3), E-14014 Córdoba, Spain.
    Hussain, Iftikhar
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
    Shah, Syed Shoaib Ahmad
    Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
    Ali, Shafqat
    Department of Physics, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Khairpur, Sindh, 66202, Pakistan.
    Ali, Asad
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.
    Javed, Muhammad Sufyan
    Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan; School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
    Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of MXenes-Based Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Devices2023In: Journal of Chemistry and Environment, E-ISSN 2959-0132, Vol. 2, no 2, p. 54-81Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) have become an appealing framework for developing various energy applications. MXenes with van der Waals (vdW) interactions are facile, highly efficient, affordable, and self-assembled features that improve energy density. MXenes exhibit large surface area, high electric conductivity, and excellent electrochemical characteristics for various energy applications. This review summarizes and emphasizes the current developments in MXene with improved performance for energy storage or conversion devices, including supercapacitors (SCs), various types of rechargeable batteries (RBs), solar cells, and fuel cells. We discuss the crystal structures of MXenes properties of MXenes and briefly discuss them for different types of energy applications. Finally, the critical outlook and perspective for the MXene progress for applications in energy applications are also described.

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  • 125.
    Ali, Sharafat
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Advanced Materials.
    Elastic Properties and Hardness of Mixed Alkaline Earth Silicate Oxynitride Glasses2022In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 15, no 14, article id 5022Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The incorporation of nitrogen as a second anion species into oxide glasses offers unique opportunities for modifying glass properties via changes in glass polymerization and structure. In this work, the compositional dependence of elastic properties and the nanoindentation hardness of mixed alkaline-earth silicate oxynitride glasses containing a high amount of nitrogen (>15 at.%, c.a. 35 e/o) were investigated. Three series of silicon oxynitride glass compositions AE-Ca-Si-O-N glasses (where AE = Mg, Sr, and Ba) having varying amounts of modifiers were prepared using a new glass synthesis route, in which a precursor powder of metal hydrides was used. The obtained glasses contained high amounts of N (19 at.%, c.a. 43 e/o) and modifier cations (26 at.%, c.a. 39 e/o). Mg-Ca-Si-O-N glasses had high values of nanohardness (12-16 GPa), along with a reduced elastic modulus (130-153 GPa) and Young's modulus (127-146 GPa), in comparison with the Sr-Ca- and Ba-Ca-bearing oxynitride glasses. Both the elastic modulus and the nanohardness of AE-Ca-Si-O-N glasses decreased with an increase in the atomic number of the AE element. These property changes followed a linear dependence on the effective cation field strength (ECFS) of the alkaline earth (AE) modifier, according to their valences and ionic radii. No mixed alkaline-earth effect was observed in the current investigation, indicating that the properties were more dictated by the nitrogen content.

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  • 126.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology. Linnaeus University, Linnaeus Knowledge Environments, Advanced Materials.
    Hakeem, Abbas Saeed
    King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
    Eriksson, Mirva
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Wojcik, Natalia Anna
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology. Gdansk Univ Technol, Poland.
    A novel approach for processing CaAlSiON glass-ceramics by spark plasma sintering: Mechanical and electrical properties2022In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 96-104Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lithium containing glassy materials can be used as solid electrolytes or electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density. Conventional melt-quenched Ca11Al14Si16O49N10 glass powder containing 24 e/o N, doped with Li-ions (1, 3, and 6 wt. %) and sintered by spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) was studied. The benefits of using SPS to produce glass-ceramics are rapid heating rates compared to conventional consolidation techniques and tuning of properties, adjusting the temperature, holding time (closed to Tg temperature), heating rate (solidification), and pressure (densification) profile during the heat treatment using SPS. Pure glass and glass-ceramic were obtained under identical SPS conditions and compared with pristine oxynitride and soda-lime-silicate (float) glasses. XRD and SEM analysis confirmed that increasing the amount of Li increases the crystallinity in the glass matrix. Nano-indentation analysis showed a decreased hardness and reduced elastic modulus values with the addition of Li-ions. The direct current conductivity increases with the addition of Li due to the high mobility of Li-ions. However, the float glass sample doped with 6 wt.% of Li exhibits even higher values of D.C. conductivity, than the analogously doped Ca11Al14Si16O49N10 glass. The magnitude of activation energy (more than 1 eV) is typical for an ion hopping mechanism and the D.C. conduction mechanism is dominated by Li+ hopping.

  • 127.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    Jonson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    Difficulties associated with the formation of oxynitride glasses2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 128.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building and Energy Technology.
    Jonson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Building and Energy Technology.
    Formation and properties of nitrogen rich Ca-Si- (Al)-O-N glasses and Ceramics2014In: Conference proceeding 2014 Spring World Congress on Engineering and Technology, Shanghai, China (April 2014)., 2014, p. 59-59Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 129.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    Jonson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    Properties of nitrogen rich mixed La-Pr silicon oxynitride glasses2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 130.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    Jonson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    J. Pomeroy, Michael
    University of Limerick, Ireland.
    Stuart, Hampshire
    University of Limerick, Ireland.
    Issues associated with the development of transparent oxynitride glasses2015In: Ceramics International, ISSN 0272-8842, E-ISSN 1873-3956, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 3345-3354Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Oxynitride glasses and glass ceramics are increasingly recognized as potential materials in specialist applications in modern industrial sectors. Oxynitride glasses have superior mechanical, rheological and optical properties to their oxide glass counterparts. Properties of these glasses can be tailored by changes in nitrogen content and additions of various alkaline-earth and or rare-earth elements. In contrast to oxide glasses, oxynitride glasses are difficult to prepare which adds to production costs. Furthermore, they contain impurities in the form of elemental silicon and silicides, have poor oxidation resistance in air above their glass transition temperatures and have poor transparency in the visible region. This article reviews the above issues in relation to the potential applications of these glasses.

  • 131.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus Univ, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Roger
    Linnaeus Univ, Sweden.
    Pshyk, Oleksandr
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Switzerland.
    Birch, Jens
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eklund, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Le Febvrier, Arnaud
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effect of O/N content on the phase, morphology, and optical properties of titanium oxynitride thin films2023In: Journal of Materials Science, ISSN 0022-2461, E-ISSN 1573-4803, Vol. 58, p. 10975-10985Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Phase formation, morphology, and optical properties of Ti(O,N) thin films with varied oxygen-to- nitrogen ration content were investigated. The films were deposited by magnetron sputtering at 500 & DEG;C on Si(100) and c-plane sapphire substrate. A competition between a NaCl B1 structure TiN1-xOx, a rhombohedral structure Ti-2(O1-yNy)(3), and an anatase structure Ti(O1-zNz)(2) phase was observed. While the N-rich films were composed of a NaCl B1 TiN1-xOx phase, an increase of oxygen in the films yields the growth of rhombohedral Ti-2(O1-yNy)(3) phase and the oxygen-rich films are comprised of a mixture of the rhombohedral Ti-2(O1-yNy)(3) phase and anatase Ti(O1-zNz)(2) phase. The optical properties of the films were correlated to the phase composition and the observation of abrupt changes in terms of refractive index and absorption coefficient. The oxide film became relatively transparent in the visible range while the addition of nitrogen into films increases the absorption. The oxygen rich-samples have bandgap values below 3.75 eV, which is higher than the value for pure TiO2, and lower than the optical bandgap of pure TiN. The optical properties characterizations revealed the possibility of adjusting the band gap and the absorption coefficient depending on the N-content, because of the phases constituting the films combined with anionic substitution.

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  • 132.
    Ali, Sharafat
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Sweden; Corning Inc, NY 14831 USA.
    Paul, Biplab
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Magnusson, Roger
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Broitman, Esteban
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jonson, Bo
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Eklund, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Birch, Jens
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Synthesis and characterization of the mechanical and optical properties of Ca-Si-O-N thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering2017In: Surface & Coatings Technology, ISSN 0257-8972, E-ISSN 1879-3347, Vol. 315, p. 88-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ca-Si-O-N thin films were deposited on commercial soda-lime silicate float glass, silica wafers and sapphire substrates by RF magnetron co-sputtering from Ca and Si targets in an Ar/N-2/O-2 gas mixture. Chemical composition, surface morphology, hardness, reduced elastic modulus and optical properties of the films were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. It was found that the composition of the films can be controlled by the Ca target power, predominantly, and by the reactive gas flow. Thin films in the Ca-Si-O-N system are composed of N and Ca contents up to 31 eq. % and 60 eq. %, respectively. The films thickness ranges from 600 to 3000 nm and increases with increasing Ca target power. The films surface roughness varied between 2 and 12 nm, and approximately decreases with increasing power of Ca target. The hardness (4-12 GPa) and reduced elastic modulus (65-145 GPa) of the films increase and decrease with the N and Ca contents respectively. The refractive index (1.56-1.82) is primarily dictated by the N content. The properties are compared with findings for bulk glasses in the Ca-Si-(Al)-O-N systems, and it is concluded that Ca-Si-O-N thin films have higher values of hardness, elastic modulus and refractive index than bulk glasses of similar composition. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • 133.
    Alice, Landmér
    Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology.
    Wet spinning of carbon fiber precursors from cellulose-lignin blends in a cold NaOH(aq) solvent system2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon fiber (CF) is predominantly produced from fossil-based sources and is therefore an area of interest for further development towards a more sustainable society. The purpose of this thesis work was to investigate the possibility of producing precursor fibers (PFs) for CF production from a blend of renewable cellulose andlignin. Cellulose, which is used to some extent for CF production, was chosen, while the possibility of adding lignin was investigated in hope of increasing the gravimetric yield of the CF production. Blends of softwood kraft cellulose pulp (SKP) and softwood kraft lignin (SKL) were dissolved in an alkaline (NaOH) solvent system at different cellulose/lignin ratios. A total of eight dopes were prepared (SKP/SKL ratios of 100/0–60/40 wt./wt.) with total dope concentrations ranging from 4.5 wt.% to 9.2 wt.%. The addition of SKL resulted in dark colored dopes with viscosities of which mainly appeared to depend on the SKP concentration. The dopes were wet spun, resulting in continuously spun PFs. The PFs showed on an increasing pyrolysis yield with increased SKL content but decreasing mechanical properties. However, process optimization was not included in the work, subsequently leading to the assumption that greater values on mechanical properties can be achieved. A pure SKP PF and a SKP-SKL (70/30 wt./wt.) PF were successfully thermally converted into CFs by carbonization at 1000 °C. The PF containing SKL had a total gravimetric yield more than twice as high as the pure SKP PF, 28 wt.% and 12 wt.%, respectively. Thereby, the addition of SKL seems to have a positive impact on the CF yield when utilizing a NaOH(aq) solvent system. This thesis work has become a base for the future work towards the development of CFs from wet spun cellulose-lignin PFs in the NaOH(aq) solvent system.  

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  • 134.
    Alijagic, Andi
    et al.
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Engwall, Magnus
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Särndahl, Eva
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Helen
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Hedbrant, Alexander
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Andersson, Lena
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Patrik
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Dalemo, Magnus
    Absolent AB, Lidköping, Sweden.
    Scherbak, Nikolai
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Färnlund, Kim
    AMEXCI AB, Karlskoga, Sweden.
    Larsson, Maria
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Persson, Alexander
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing: From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.2022In: Frontiers in Toxicology, E-ISSN 2673-3080, Vol. 4, article id 836447Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.

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  • 135.
    Alijani, Hossein
    et al.
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    Rezk, Amgad R.
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    Farsani, Mohammad Mehdi Khosravi
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    Ahmed, Heba
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    Halim, Joseph
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Reineck, Philipp
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    Murdoch, Billy J.
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    El Ghazaly, Ahmed
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yeo, Leslie Y.
    RMIT Univ, Australia.
    Acoustomicrofluidic Synthesis of Pristine Ultrathin Ti3C2Tz MXene Nanosheets and Quantum Dots2021In: ACS Nano, ISSN 1936-0851, E-ISSN 1936-086X, Vol. 15, no 7, p. 12099-12108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The conversion of layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) into zero-dimensional structures with thicknesses and lateral dimensions of a few nanometers allows these recently discovered materials with exceptional electronic properties to exploit the additional benefits of quantum confinement, edge effects, and large surface area. Conventional methods for the conversion of MXene nanosheets and quantum dots, however, involve extreme conditions such as high temperatures and/or harsh chemicals that, among other disadvantages, lead to significant degradation of the material as a consequence of their oxidation. Herein, we show that the large surface acceleration.on the order of 10 million gs.produced by high-frequency (10 MHz) nanometer-order electromechanical vibrations on a chipscale piezoelectric substrate is capable of efficiently nebulizing, and consequently dimensionally reducing, a suspension of multilayer Ti3C2Tz (MXene) into predominantly monolayer nanosheets and quantum dots while, importantly, preserving the material from any appreciable oxidation. As an example application, we show that the high-purity MXene quantum dots produced using this room-temperature chemical-free synthesis method exhibit superior performance as electrode materials for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide compared to the highly oxidized samples obtained through conventional hydrothermal synthesis. The ability to detect concentrations as low as 5 nM is a 10-fold improvement to the best reported performance of Ti3C2Tz MXene electrochemical sensors to date.

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  • 136.
    Alimohammadi, Vahid
    et al.
    Univ Tehran, Sch Met & Mat, Coll Engn, Adv Magnet Mat Res Ctr, Tehran 111554563, Iran..
    Seyyed Ebrahimi, Seyyed Ali
    Univ Tehran, Sch Met & Mat, Coll Engn, Adv Magnet Mat Res Ctr, Tehran 111554563, Iran..
    Kashanian, Faezeh
    Univ Tehran, Sch Biol, Coll Sci, Tehran 111554563, Iran..
    Lalegani, Zahra
    Univ Tehran, Sch Met & Mat, Coll Engn, Adv Magnet Mat Res Ctr, Tehran 111554563, Iran..
    Habibi-Rezaei, Mehran
    Univ Tehran, Sch Biol, Coll Sci, Tehran 111554563, Iran..
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Hydrophobic Magnetite Nanoparticles for Bioseparation: Green Synthesis, Functionalization, and Characterization2022In: MAGNETOCHEMISTRY, ISSN 2312-7481, Vol. 8, no 11, p. 143-, article id 143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, three types of hydrophobized alkyl-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising direct alkylated-MNPs (A-MNPs), silica-mediated alkyl MNPs (A-SiMNPs), and arginine (Arg)-mediated alkyl MNPs (A-RMNPs) were synthesized successfully. For this purpose, the co-precipitation method was used to synthesize, and octadecyl trimethoxy silane (OTMS) was used as a functionalizing agent. Accordingly, the hydrophobic octadecyl moieties were connected to MNPs. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, CHN, DLS, and zeta potential analyses. The synthesized coated MNPs represented a decrease in surface charge and magnetization alongside increased surface hydrophobicity and size. It was revealed that the alkylation process was successfully performed to all three MNPs, but A-SiMNPs showed the highest hydrophobicity. Additionally, the novel A-RMNPs, as the most biocompatible type, and A-MNPs showed the highest magnetization among the synthesized MNPs. The results indicate that synthesized NPs can play an important role in bio applications. However, it was revealed that alkyl chains are easily connected to all three MNPs, and that A-MNPs contained the highest alkyl chains and could affect the re-folding and denaturation process of recombinant proteins.

  • 137.
    Alimohammadzadeh, Rana
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    Osong, Sinke H.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Chemical Engineering.
    Abbaszad Rafi, Abdolrahim
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    Dahlström, Christina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Chemical Engineering.
    Cordova, Armando
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Science, Technology and Media, Department of Natural Sciences.
    Sustainable Surface Engineering of Lignocellulose and Cellulose by Synergistic Combination of Metal‐Free Catalysis and Polyelectrolyte Complexes2019In: Global Challenges, E-ISSN 2056-6646, Vol. 3, article id 1900018Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A sustainable strategy for synergistic surface engineering of lignocellulose and cellulose fibers derived from wood by synergistic combination of metal‐free catalysis and renewable polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes is disclosed. The strategy allows for improvement and introduction of important properties such as strength, water resistance, and fluorescence to the renewable fibers and cellulosic materials. For example, the “green” surface engineering significantly increases the strength properties (up to 100% in Z‐strength) of chemi‐thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) and bleached sulphite pulp (BSP)‐derived sheets. Next, performing an organocatalytic silylation with a nontoxic organic acid makes the corresponding lignocellulose and cellulose sheets hydrophobic. A selective color modification of polysaccharides is developed by combining metal‐free catalysis and thiol‐ene click chemistry. Next, fluorescent PE complexes based on cationic starch (CS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) are prepared and used for modification of CTMP or BSP in the presence of a metal‐free catalyst. Laser‐scanning confocal microscopy reveals that the PE‐strength additive is evenly distributed on the CTMP and heterogeneously on the BSP. The fluorescent CS distribution on the CTMP follows the lignin distribution of the lignocellulosic fibers.

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  • 138.
    Alinejadian, Navid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Tallinn Univ Technol TalTech, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia..
    Kazemi, Sayed Habib
    Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Dept Chem, Zanjan 4513766731, Iran..
    Nasirpouri, Farzad
    Sahand Univ Technol, Fac Mat Engn, Sahand New Town 5331811111, East Azerbaijan, Iran..
    Odnevall, Inger
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Karolinska Inst, AIMES Ctr Advancement Integrated Med & Engn Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Electro-deposited nano-Ni/reduced graphene oxide composite film of corrugated surface for high voltammetric sensitivity2023In: Materials Chemistry and Physics, ISSN 0254-0584, E-ISSN 1879-3312, Vol. 297, p. 127288-, article id 127288Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is an ideal candidate in nanostructured metallic materials to enhance their electrochemical performance. However, few studies exist on the effects of rGO on the crystallographic, physical, and topological properties of co-electrodeposited Ni/rGO nanocomposites. In this study, the morphology and normalized electro-active specific surface (NESS) of a Ni/rGO nanocomposite were correlated with its crystal-lographic properties by varying the applied co-electrodeposition current density (0.01-0.1 A cm(-2)) and rGO concentration (0.5-2 mg mL(-1)). Tuning was done to achieve the best physical and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite at alkaline (NaOH) conditions in terms of the highest NESS (12.3 x 10(-4)) and electro-active sensitivity (17.3 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2)) possible. The findings of the study show a possible approach to enhance the performance of electro-active components such as electrochemical devices, sensors, and actuators.

  • 139.
    Alinejadian, Navid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia.
    Kazemi, Sayed Habib
    Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Dept Chem, Zanjan 4513766731, Iran..
    Odnevall Wallinder, Inger
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
    SLM-processed MoS2/Mo2S3 nanocomposite for energy conversion/storage applications2022In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 5030Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    MoS2-based nanocomposites have been widely processed by a variety of conventional and 3D printing techniques. In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) has for the first time successfully been employed to tune the crystallographic structure of bulk MoS2 to a 2H/1T phase and to distribute Mo2S3 nanoparticles in-situ in MoS2/Mo2S3 nanocomposites used in electrochemical energy conversion/storage systems (EECSS). The remarkable results promote further research on and elucidate the applicability of laser-based powder bed processing of 2D nanomaterials for a wide range of functional structures within, e.g., EECSS, aerospace, and possibly high-temperature solid-state EECSS even in space.

  • 140.
    Alinejadian, Navid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Tallinn Univ Technol TalTech, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
    Nasirpouri, Farzad
    Sahand Univ Technol, Fac Mat Engn, Sahand New Town 513351996, East Azerbaijan, Iran..
    Yus, Joaquin
    CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Madrid 28049, Spain..
    Ferrari, Begona
    CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Madrid 28049, Spain..
    Reduction-based engineering of three-dimensional morphology of Ni-rGO nanocomposite2021In: Materials Science & Engineering: B. Solid-state Materials for Advanced Technology, ISSN 0921-5107, E-ISSN 1873-4944, Vol. 271, article id 115259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Relying on the reduction of oxygenated functional groups of graphene oxide, the engineering of the morphology of Ni-based reduced graphene oxide (Ni-rGO) nanocomposite was carried out via galvanostatic electrochemical co-deposition by changing the current density in a range of 0.001-0.01 A.cm(-2) and loading of 2 g.L-1 of graphene oxide. The morphology has been converted to a porous, rough, and three-dimensional (3D) form by significant incorporation and simultaneous reduction of GO into the structure of Ni-rGO nanocomposite film. Study on 3D morphology by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and Raman confocal spectroscopy approved simultaneously reduction of oxygenated functional groups. Moreover, we have discussed the impact of rGO incorporated in the structure of Ni-rGO nanocomposite onto the creation of porous 3D-morphology and the enhancement of the electroactive specific surface. This new fascinating mechanism and structure can lead to the enhancement of electroactive components in electrochemical sensors and energy conversion-storage systems.

  • 141.
    Aliramaji, Shamsa
    et al.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Mat Chem, Kopernikusstr 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany..
    Keuter, Philipp
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Mat Chem, Kopernikusstr 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany..
    Neuss, Deborah
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Mat Chem, Kopernikusstr 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany..
    Hans, Marcus
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Mat Chem, Kopernikusstr 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany..
    Primetzhofer, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Nuclear Physics.
    Depla, Diederik
    Univ Ghent, Dept Solid State Sci, Krijgslaan 281 S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Schneider, Jochen M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Mat Chem, Kopernikusstr 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany..
    Effect of Growth Temperature and Atmosphere Exposure Time on Impurity Incorporation in Sputtered Mg, Al, and Ca Thin Films2023In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 16, no 1, article id 414Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Impurities can be incorporated during thin film deposition, but also can originate from atmosphere exposure. As impurities can strongly affect the composition-structure-property relations in magnetron sputter deposited thin films, it is important to distinguish between both incorporation channels. Therefore, the impurity incorporation by atmosphere exposure into sputtered Mg, Al, and Ca thin films is systematically studied by a variation of the deposition temperatures and atmosphere exposure times. Deposition temperature variation results in morphological modifications explained by considering surface and bulk diffusion as well as grain boundary motion and evaporation. The film morphologies exhibiting the lowest oxygen concentrations, as measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, are obtained at a homologous temperature of 0.4 for both Mg and Al thin films. For Ca, preventing atmosphere exposure is essential to hinder impurity incorporation: By comparing the impurity concentration in Al-capped and uncapped thin films, it is demonstrated that Ca thin films are locally protected by Al-capping, while Mg (and Al) form native passivation layers. Furthermore, it can be learned that the capping (or self-passivation) efficiency in terms of hindering further oxidation of the films in atmosphere is strongly dependent on the underlying morphology, which in turn is defined by the growth temperature.

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  • 142.
    Al-Jayyousi, Hiba
    et al.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
    Eswaran, Mathan Kumar
    SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Ray, Avijeet
    Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
    Sajjad, Muhammad
    Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
    Larsson, J. Andreas
    Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.
    Singh, Nirpendra
    Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
    Exploring the Superior Anchoring Performance of the Two-Dimensional Nanosheets B2C4P2 and B3C2P3 for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries2022In: ACS Omega, E-ISSN 2470-1343, Vol. 7, no 43, p. 38543-38549Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Potential anchoring materials in lithium–sulfur batteries help overcome the shuttle effect and achieve long-term cycling stability and high-rate efficiency. The present study investigates the two-dimensional nanosheets B2C4P2 and B3C2P3 by employing density functional theory calculations for their promise as anchoring materials. The nanosheets B2C4P2 and B3C2P3 bind polysulfides with adsorption energies in the range from −2.22 to −0.75 and −2.43 to −0.74 eV, respectively. A significant charge transfer occurs from the polysulfides, varying from −0.74 to −0.02e and −0.55 to −0.02e for B2C4P2 and B3C2P3, respectively. Upon anchoring the polysulfides, the band gap of B3C2P3 reduces, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity of the sulfur cathode. Finally, the calculated barrier energies of B2C4P2 and B3C2P3 for Li2S indicate fast diffusion of Li when recharged. These enthralling characteristics propose that the nanosheets B2C4P2 and B3C2P3 could reduce the shuttle effect in Li–S batteries and significantly improve their cycle performance, suggesting their promise as anchoring materials.

  • 143.
    Allender, Chris J.
    et al.
    Cardiff University, UK.
    Andersson, Håkan S.
    University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences. Cardiff University, UK.
    Brain, Keith R.
    Cardiff University, UK.
    Ramström, Olof
    Cardiff University, UK.
    Preface2001In: Analytica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0003-2670, E-ISSN 1873-4324, Vol. 435, no 1, p. 1-2Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 144.
    Almenara Perez, Naroa
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Gueret, Robin
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Huertas-Alonso, Alberto José
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Thalakkale Veettil, Unnimaya
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Sipponen, Mika H.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Science, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK).
    Lizundia, Erlantz
    Lignin–Chitosan Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Stable Zn Electrodeposition2023In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, E-ISSN 2168-0485, Vol. 11, no 6, p. 2283-2294Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrochemical energy storage technologies offer means to transition toward a decarbonized society and carbon neutrality by 2050. Compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, aqueous zinc-ion chemistries do not require scarce materials or toxic and flammable organic-based electrolytes to function, making them favorable contenders in the scenario of intensifying climate change and supply chain crisis. However, environmentally benign and bio-based materials are needed to substitute fossil-based battery materials. Accordingly, this work taps into the possibilities of lignin together with chitosan to form gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for zinc-ion chemistries. A simple fabrication process enabling free-standing sodium lignosulfonate–chitosan and micellar lignosulfonate–kraft lignin–chitosan GPEs with diameters exceeding 80 mm is developed. The GPEs combine tensile strength with ductility, reaching Young’s moduli of 55 ± 4 to 940 ± 63 MPa and elongations at break of 14.1 ± 0.2 to 43.9 ± 21.1%. Competitive ionic conductivities ranging from 3.8 to 18.6 mS cm–1 and electrochemical stability windows of up to +2.2 V vs Zn2+/Zn were observed. Given the improved interfacial adhesion of the GPEs with metallic Zn promoted by the anionic groups of the lignosulfonate, a stable cycling of the Zn anode is obtained. As a result, GPEs can operate at 5000 μA cm–2 with no short-circuit and Coulombic efficiencies above 99.7%, outperforming conventional separator–liquid electrolyte configurations such as the glass microfiber separator soaked into 2 M ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte, which short-circuits after 100 μA cm–2. This work demonstrates the potential of underutilized biorefinery side-streams and marine waste as electrolytes in the battery field, opening new alternatives in the sustainable energy storage landscape beyond LIBs.

  • 145. Almessiere, M. A.
    et al.
    Slimani, Y.
    Trukhanov, A. V.
    Sadaqat, A.
    Korkmaz, A. D.
    Algarou, N. A.
    Aydın, H.
    Baykal, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Review on functional bi-component nanocomposites based on hard/soft ferrites: Structural, magnetic, electrical and microwave absorption properties2021In: Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, ISSN 2352-507X, Vol. 26, article id 100728Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bi-component hard (H) (hexaferrite) and soft (S) (spinel) ferrites nanocomposites are gaining interest scientifically and technically, not only for combining the high magnetization of spinel ferrite nanomaterials and the high coercivity of hexaferrite magnetic nanomaterials but also for the outstanding exchange-coupling behavior among hard and soft magnetic phase. The improved magnetic features lead to produce a new nanocomposite with higher microwave absorption capacity in comparison with ferrites with a single absorption mechanism. Exchange-coupled effect has a potential application based on microwave absorption, recording media, permanent magnets, biomedical and other applications. Intensive studies have been conducted on this topic to produce hard/soft (H/S) ferrite nanocomposites with establishment of exchange coupled effect between the two phases. Preparation methods, microstructure, magnetics features, microwave and dielectric properties, and applications are elaborated. Consequently, a comprehensive effort has been made to contain an original reference investigating in detail the precise outcomes of the published papers. 

  • 146.
    Alnoor, Hatim
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Toward the Optimization of Low-temperature Solution-based Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures for Device Applications2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures (NSs) of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) such as nanorods (NRs) have recently attracted considerable research attention due to their potential for the development of optoelectronic devices such as ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The potential of ZnO NRs in all these applications, however, would require synthesis of high crystal quality ZnO NRs with precise control over the optical and electronic properties. It is known that the optical and electronic properties of ZnO NRs are mostly influenced by the presence of native (intrinsic) and impurities (extrinsic) defects. Therefore, understanding the nature of these intrinsic and extrinsic defects and their spatial distribution is critical for optimizing the optical and electronic properties of ZnO NRs. However, identifying the origin of such defects is a complicated matter, especially for NSs, where the information on anisotropy is usually lost due to the lack of coherent orientation.

    Thus, the aim of this thesis is towards the optimization of the lowtemperature solution-based synthesis of ZnO NRs for device applications. In this connection, we first started with investigating the effect of the precursor solution stirring durations on the deep level defects concentration and their spatial distribution along the ZnO NRs. Then, by choosing the optimal stirring time, we studied the influence of ZnO seeding layer precursor’s types, and its molar ratios on the density of interface defects. The findings of these investigations were used to demonstrate ZnO NRs-based heterojunction LEDs. The ability to tune the point defects along the NRs enabled us further to incorporate cobalt (Co) ions into the ZnO NRs crystal lattice, where these ions could occupy the vacancies or interstitial defects through substitutional or interstitial doping. Following this, high crystal quality vertically welloriented ZnO NRs have been demonstrated by incorporating a small amount of Co into the ZnO crystal lattice. Finally, the influence of Co ions incorporation on the reduction of core-defects (CDs) in ZnO NRs was systematically examined using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

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    Toward the Optimization of Low-temperature Solution-based Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures for Device Applications
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  • 147.
    Alnoor, Hatim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Elsukova, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Palisaitis, Justinas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Ingemar
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tseng, Eric Nestor
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lu, Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Per O A
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Exploring MXenes and their MAX phase precursors by electron microscopy2021In: Materials Today Advances, E-ISSN 2590-0498, Vol. 9, article id 100123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This review celebrates the width and depth of electron microscopy methods and how these have enabled massive research efforts on MXenes. MXenes constitute a powerful recent addition to 2-dimensional materials, derived from their parent family of nanolaminated materials known as MAX phases. Owing to their rich chemistry, MXenes exhibit properties that have revolutionized ranges of applications, including energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, water filtering, sensors, and catalysis. Few other methods have been more essential in MXene research and development of corresponding applications, compared with electron microscopy, which enables structural and chemical identification at the atomic scale. In the following, the electron microscopy methods that have been applied to MXene and MAX phase precursor research are presented together with research examples and are discussed with respect to advantages and challenges.

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  • 148.
    Alnoor, Hatim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pozina, Galia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Khranovskyy, Volodymyr
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xianjie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Iandolo, Donata
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Willander, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nur, Omer
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Influence of ZnO seed layer precursor molar ratio on the density of interface defects in low temperature aqueous chemically synthesized ZnO nanorods/GaN light-emitting diodes2016In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 119, no 16, p. 165702-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low temperature aqueous chemical synthesis (LT-ACS) of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) has been attracting considerable research interest due to its great potential in the development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The influence of the molar ratio of the zinc acetate (ZnAc): KOH as a ZnO seed layer precursor on the density of interface defects and hence the presence of non-radiative recombination centers in LT-ACS of ZnO NRs/GaN LEDs has been systematically investigated. The material quality of the as-prepared seed layer as quantitatively deduced by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is found to be influenced by the molar ratio. It is revealed by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence that the seed layer molar ratio plays a significant role in the formation and the density of defects at the n-ZnO NRs/p-GaN heterostructure interface. Consequently, LED devices processed using ZnO NRs synthesized with molar ratio of 1:5M exhibit stronger yellow emission (similar to 575 nm) compared to those based on 1:1 and 1:3M ratios as measured by the electroluminescence. Furthermore, seed layer molar ratio shows a quantitative dependence of the non-radiative defect densities as deduced from light-output current characteristics analysis. These results have implications on the development of high-efficiency ZnO-based LEDs and may also be helpful in understanding the effects of the ZnO seed layer on defect-related non-radiative recombination. Published by AIP Publishing.

  • 149.
    Alshogran, Forat
    Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, Department of Chemical Engineering.
    Fabrication of battery separator by coating with sulfonated cellulose nanofibrils on kraft paper and inkjet paper substrates: Tillverkning av batteriseparator genom bestrykning med sulfonerad cellulosananofibriller på kraft papper och bläckstråle papper substrat2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Modified nanocellulose have distinctive qualities and have drawn a lot of interest from a variety of fields. It is a natural, sustainable product that is manufactured from plant-based materials like wood and other renewable resources. It is also biodegradable. It is a possible material for battery separators because of its great mechanical strength, flexibility, and ability to create a stable and consistent membrane. Due to the cost of using it as a membrane, it has been investigated in this work to see if it can be coated onto a substrate and used as battery separator. In this work sulfonated cellulose nanofibrils (SCNF) has been used to be coated on kraft paper and inkjet paper using a rod coater. Parameters like concentration, thickness and substrates have been varied in this experiment. Viscosity was measured using Brookfield instrument to measure the viscosity for 0,5% SCNF and 1,5% SCNF. The coating was carried out using a rod coater and varying between two rods to influence the thickness, the coating used concentrations of 0,5% SCNF and 1,5% SCNF and two different substrates, kraft paper and inkjet paper. Thickness was determined to study the effect of the variation in rod. The mechanical strength was tested on the coated paper substrates and compared the results to the noncoated substrates as reference, the mechanical strength showed an improvement with the coated SCNF substrates. Permeance through the Gurley method was studied in order to understand how the coated substrates behaves compared to the noncoated. Contact angle was determined as well to understand the wettability of the coated substrates and how they would behave as separators in zinc ion batteries. The contact angle decreased with increasing concentration of the SCNF which is a result of the sulfonate groups. Cross sections were analyzed using SEM to study the influence of the coating to the substrates. Ionic conductivity was also tested to evaluate the possibility of the coated substrates as separators.

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  • 150.
    Al-Soubaihi, Rola
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Saoud, Khaled Mohammad
    Virginia Commonwealth Univ Qatar, Liberal Arts & Sci Program, POB 8095, Doha, Qatar..
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Comparative investigation of structure and operating parameters on the performance and reaction dynamic of CO conversion on silica aerogel and fumed-silica-supported Pd catalysts2022In: SURFACES AND INTERFACES, ISSN 2468-0230, Vol. 29, p. 101776-, article id 101776Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The catalyst morphology, metal-support interaction, and reaction conditions greatly influence the catalytic performance and reaction dynamics. Similarly, the dispersion of the metal within the support plays a crucial in the thermal stability and sintering of the catalyst. Furthermore, temperature-dependent conversion hysteresis is well-known to occur during ignition and extinction of exothermic CO oxidation over supported Pd catalysts due to the variation of CO adsorption on the surface or bulk oxidation of Pd and the ability of the catalyst regenerate the active sites. Herein, the catalytic performance and the hysteresis behavior of mesoporous silica aerogel supported Pd (Pd/a-SiO2), and commercial fumed silica-supported Pd (Pd/f-SiO2) were investigated compared using CO oxidation as a probe reaction under different reaction conditions and operating parameters (i.e., catalyst weight, ramp rate, and flow rate). Surface and morphologic examination using XPS, FTIR, and of Pd/a-SiO2 and Pd/f-SiO2 reveal a strong correlation between the catalyst surface and structure and its catalytic performance and stability under different reaction parameters. Moreover, this study presents the effect of surface area, particle size, and size distribution on diffusion and mass transport of reactants (CO, O-2) and products (CO2) and active sites accessibility. This study showed that Pd/f-SiO2 had better efficiency under high (turbulence) flow. Moreover, intrinsic apparent activation energy (E-a) and the number of active sites were calculated from the Kinetics of CO oxidation fitted using Arrhenius plots indicate that the ramp rate has less effect on Pd/f-SiO2 catalytic behavior. though, Pd/f-SiO2 had higher relative active sites than Pd/a-SiO2, (E-a) was lower. Cyclic stability and long-term stabilities showed that both catalysts are stable and can regenerate the active sites. The current study contributes to understanding the catalysts' surface, structural and morphological properties on the catalysts' performance toward CO oxidation and other reactions under dynamic conditions.

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