Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet

Endre søk
Begrens søket
1234567 1 - 50 of 2438
RefereraExporteraLink til resultatlisten
Permanent link
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annet format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annet språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Treff pr side
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sortering
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Forfatter A-Ø
  • Forfatter Ø-A
  • Tittel A-Ø
  • Tittel Ø-A
  • Type publikasjon A-Ø
  • Type publikasjon Ø-A
  • Eldste først
  • Nyeste først
  • Skapad (Eldste først)
  • Skapad (Nyeste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Eldste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyeste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidligste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (siste først)
  • Standard (Relevans)
  • Forfatter A-Ø
  • Forfatter Ø-A
  • Tittel A-Ø
  • Tittel Ø-A
  • Type publikasjon A-Ø
  • Type publikasjon Ø-A
  • Eldste først
  • Nyeste først
  • Skapad (Eldste først)
  • Skapad (Nyeste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Eldste først)
  • Senast uppdaterad (Nyeste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (tidligste først)
  • Disputationsdatum (siste først)
Merk
Maxantalet träffar du kan exportera från sökgränssnittet är 250. Vid större uttag använd dig av utsökningar.
  • 1.
    Abba, S. I.
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria.
    Abdulkadir, R. A.
    Department of Electrical Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria.
    Gaya, M. S.
    Department of Electrical Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria.
    Sammen, Saad Sh.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala Governorate, Iraq.
    Ghali, Umar
    Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin-10, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey.
    Nawaila, M. B.
    Department of Computer Science Education, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Nigeria.
    Oğuz, Gözde
    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey.
    Malik, Anurag
    Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Effluents quality prediction by using nonlinear dynamic block-oriented models: A system identification approach2021Inngår i: Desalination and Water Treatment, ISSN 1944-3994, E-ISSN 1944-3986, Vol. 218, s. 52-62Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamic and complex municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) process should be handled efficiently to safeguard the excellent quality of effluents characteristics. Most of the available mathematical models do not efficiently capture the MWWTP process, in such cases, the data-driven models are reliable and indispensable for effective modeling of effluents characteristics. In the present research, two nonlinear system identification (NSI) models namely; Hammerstein-Wiener model (HW) and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous (NARX) neural network model, and a classical autoregressive (AR) model were proposed to predict the characteristics of the effluent of total suspended solids (TSSeff) and pHeff from Nicosia MWWTP in Cyprus. In order to attain the optimal models, two different combinations of input variables were cast through auto-correla-tion function and partial auto-correlation analysis. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using three statistical indicators the determination coefficient (DC), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC). The results of the appraisal indicated that the HW model outperformed NARX and AR models in predicting the pHeff, while the NARX model performed better than the HW and AR models for TSSeff prediction. It was evident that the accuracy of the HW increased averagely up to 18% with regards to the NARX model for pHeff . Likewise, the TSSeff performance increased averagely up to 25% with regards to the HW model. Also, in the validation phase, the HW model yielded DC, RMSE, and CC of 0.7355, 0.1071, and 0.8578 for pHeff, while the NARX model yielded 0.9804, 0.0049 and 0.9902 for TSSeff, respectively. For comparison with the traditional AR, the results showed that both HW and NARX models outperformed in (TSSeff) and pHeff prediction at the study location. Hence, the outcomes determined that the NSI model (i.e., HW and NARX) are reliable and resilient modeling tools that could be adopted for pHeff and TSSeff prediction.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2.
    Abbas, Nahla
    et al.
    School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Australia.
    Wasimi, Saleh A.
    School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Australia.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser.
    Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources in Diyala River Basin, Iraq2016Inngår i: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ISSN 1934-7359, E-ISSN 1934-7367, Vol. 10, nr 9, s. 1059-1074Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Diyala River is the third largest tributary of the Tigris River running 445 km length and draining an area of 32,600 km2. The river is the major source of water supply for Diyala City for municipal, domestic, agriculture and other purposes. Diyala River Basin currently is suffering from water scarcity and contamination problems. Up-to-date studies have shown that blue and green waters of a basin have been demonstrating increasing variability contributing to more severe droughts and floods seemingly due to climate change. To obtain better understanding of the impacts of climate change on water resources in Diyala River Basin in near 2046~2064 and distant future 2080~2100, SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was used. The model is first examined for its capability of capturing the basin characteristics, and then, projections from six GCMs (general circulation models) are incorporated  to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources under three emission scenarios: A2, A1B and B1. The results showed deteriorating water resources regime into the future.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Abbas, Nahlah
    et al.
    School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Wasimia, Saleh A.
    School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Resources of Lesser Zab, Kurdistan, Iraq Using SWAT Model2016Inngår i: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, E-ISSN 1947-394X, Vol. 8, s. 697-715Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Kurdistan in northern Iraq, a semi-arid region, predominantly a pastureland, is nourished by Lesser Zab, which is the second major tributary of Tigris River. The discharge in the tributary, in recent times, has been experiencing increasing variability contributing to more severe droughts and floods supposedly due to climate change. For a proper appreciation, SWAT model has been used to assess the impact of climate change on its hydrological components for a half-centennial lead time to 2046-2064 and a centennial lead time to 2080-2100. The suitability of the model was first evaluated, and then, outputs from six GCMs were incorporated to evaluate the impacts of climate change on water resources under three emission scenarios: A1B, A2 and B1. The results showed worsening water resources regime.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Abbas, Nahlah
    et al.
    School of Engineering & Techno logy, Central Queensland Univ ersity, Melbourne, Australia .
    Wasimia, Saleh A.
    School of Engineering & Techno logy, Central Queensland Univ ersity, Melbourne, Australia .
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources of Al-Adhaim, Iraq Using SWAT Model2016Inngår i: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, E-ISSN 1947-394X, Vol. 8, s. 716-732Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    SWAT model (Sediment and Water Assessment Tool) was used to evaluate the impacts of climate change on water resources in Al-Adhaim Basin which is located in north east of Iraq. Al-Adhaim River is the main source of fresh water to Kirkuk City, one of the largest cities of Iraq. Recent studies have shown that blue and green waters of the basin have been manifesting increasing variability contributing to more severe droughts and floods apparently due to climate change. In order to gain greater appreciation of the impacts of climate change on water resources in the study area in near and distant future, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) has been used. The model is first tested for its suitability in capturing the basin characteristics, and then, forecasts from six GCMs with about half-a-century lead time to 2046-2064 and one-century lead time to 2080-2100 are incorporated to evaluate the impacts of climate change on water resources under three emission scenarios: A2, A1B and B1. The results showed worsening water resources regime into the future.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 5.
    Abbas, Nahlah
    et al.
    School of Engineering & Technology Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Wasimia, Saleh A.
    School of Engineering & Technology Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Australia.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Assessment of climate change impacts on water resources of Khabour in Kurdistan , Iraq using SWAT model2016Inngår i: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, ISSN 1058-3912, E-ISSN 1996-7918, Vol. 24, s. 1-21, artikkel-id 10Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Khabour River is one of five tributaries of Tigris River and the first river flows into Tigris River contributing to Tigris Flow by about 2 BCM at Zakho Station. The area of this catchment is 6,143 km2, of which 57% are located in Turkey and 43% in Iraq with a total length of 181 km. Khabour River is the main source of fresh water to Duhok City, one of the major cities of Kurdistan Region. Hydrometeorological data over the past several decades reveal that the catchment is experiencing increasing variability in precipitation and stream flow contributing to more severe droughts and floods presumably due to climate change. SWAT model was applied to capture the dynamics of the basin. The model was calibrated at Zakho station. The performance of the model was rather satisfactory; R2 and ENC were 0.5 and 0.51, respectively in calibration period. In validation process R2 and ENC were nearly consistent. In the next stage, six GCMs from CMIP3 namely, CGCM3.1/T47, CNRM-CM3, GFDL-CM2.1, IPSLCM4, MIROC3.2 (medres) and MRI CGCM2.3.2 were selected for climate change projections in the basin under a very high emissions scenario (A2), a medium emissions scenario (A1B) and a low emissions scenario (B1) for two future periods (2046-2064) and (2080-2100). All GCMs showed consistent increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation, and as expected, highest rate for A2 and lowest rate for B1. The projected temperatures and precipitation were input to the SWAT model to project water resources, and the model outputs were compared with the baseline period (1980-2010), the picture that emerged depicted deteriorating water resources variability.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Khabour
  • 6.
    Abdallah, Clement Kamil
    et al.
    Pan African University, Algeria; Ghana Integrated Water, Ghana.
    Mourad, Khaldoon
    Lund University, Sweden; The Centre for Sustainable Visions, Sweden.
    Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana2021Inngår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 11, artikkel-id 5314Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper assesses water quality that is used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A mixed-method of research design was employed in this study to collect and analyze the data based on survey instruments. The paper found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is usually used as an indicator of water contamination and heavy metals exist in all taken water samples. The mean concentrations of nutrients such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate were recorded as 0.022 mg/l to 5.98 mg/l for ammonia, 1.06 mg/l to 7.52 mg/l for nitrate, 0.031 mg/l to 0.056 mg/l for nitrate and 0.037 mg/l to 0.069 mg/l for phosphate. E. coli and Total Coliforms levels for Sanghani, Kamina and Waterworks from the laboratory analysis were recorded as 3.2x10(3) CFU 100 m/l and 5.5x10(2) CFU 100 m/l, 4.0x10(3) CFU 100 m/l and 1x10(2) CFU 100 m/l, and 2.1x10(3) CFU 100 m/l and 4.6x10(2) CFU 100 m/l respectively. To conclude, based on the measured parameters, water used for irrigation in the Tamale Metropolitan is polluted and may cause potential health risks. Therefore, farmers, traders and consumers need to apply further safety measures to make the vegetables safe.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Abdel-Hameed, Amal Mohamed
    et al.
    Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
    Abuarab, Mohamed EL-Sayed
    Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Mehawed, Hazem Sayed
    Irrigation and Drainage Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Giza 12613, Egypt.
    Kassem, Mohamed Abdelwahab
    Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
    He, Hongming
    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China.
    Gyasi-Agyei, Yeboah
    School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
    Mokhtar, Ali
    Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 210062, China.
    Winter Potato Water Footprint Response to Climate Change in Egypt2022Inngår i: Atmosphere, ISSN 2073-4433, E-ISSN 2073-4433, Vol. 13, nr 7, artikkel-id 1052Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The limited amount of freshwater is the most important challenge facing Egypt due to increasing population and climate change. The objective of this study was to investigate how climatic change affects the winter potato water footprint at the Nile Delta covering 10 governorates from 1990 to 2016. Winter potato evapotranspiration (ETC) was calculated based on daily climate variables of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, wind speed and relative humidity during the growing season (October–February). The Mann–Kendall test was applied to determine the trend of climatic variables, crop evapotranspiration and water footprint. The results showed that the highest precipitation values were registered in the northwest governorates (Alexandria followed by Kafr El-Sheikh). The potato water footprint decreased from 170 m3 ton−1 in 1990 to 120 m3 ton−1 in 2016. The blue-water footprint contributed more than 75% of the total; the remainder came from the green-water footprint. The findings from this research can help government and policy makers better understand the impact of climate change on potato crop yield and to enhance sustainable water management in Egypt’s major crop-producing regions to alleviate water scarcity.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Abduljaleel, Yasir
    et al.
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
    Awad, Ahmed
    Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), Giza 11925, Egypt.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi. Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
    Salem, Ali
    Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
    Negm, Abdelazim
    Water and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
    Gabr, Mohamed Elsayed
    Civil Engineering Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, New Damietta, Ministry of Higher Education, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
    Assessment of Subsurface Drainage Strategies Using DRAINMOD Model for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review2023Inngår i: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 15, nr 2, artikkel-id 1355Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Practicing agricultural drainage strategies is necessary to manage excess water in poorly drained irrigated agricultural lands to protect them from induced waterlogging and salinity problems. This paper provides an overview of subsurface drainage strategies and the modeling of their performance using the DRAINMOD model. Given that the DRAINMOD model considers a fixed value of the surface depression capacity (SDC) for the whole simulation period, which does not suit many agricultural practices, the paper then assesses the model’s performance under time-variable SDC. It was revealed that adopting a fixed value of SDC for the whole simulation period in the DRAINMOD model causes it to produce improper predictions of the water balance in farmlands characterized by time-variable SDC. Such a model drawback will also adversely impact its predictions of the nitrogen and phosphorus fate in farmlands, which represent major inputs when managing both the agricultural process and agricultural water quality. Researchers should pay attention when applying the DRAINMOD model to farmlands characterized by time-variable SDC. Moreover, it is recommended that the DRAINMOD input module be improved by considering changes in SDC during the simulation period to ensure better management of the agricultural process and agricultural water.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Abrahamsson, Sandra
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Matematisk-datavetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Utformning av mjukvarusensorer för avloppsvatten med multivariata analysmetoder2013Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Varje studie av en verklig process eller ett verkligt system är baserat på mätdata. Förr var den tillgängliga datamängden vid undersökningar ytterst begränsad, men med dagens teknik är mätdata betydligt mer lättillgängligt. Från att tidigare enbart haft få och ofta osammanhängande mätningar för någon enstaka variabel, till att ha många och så gott som kontinuerliga mätningar på ett större antal variabler. Detta förändrar möjligheterna att förstå och beskriva processer avsevärt.

    Multivariat analys används ofta när stora datamängder med många variabler utvärderas. I det här projektet har de multivariata analysmetoderna PCA (principalkomponentanalys) och PLS (partial least squares projection to latent structures) använts på data över avloppsvatten insamlat på Hammarby Sjöstadsverk.

    På reningsverken ställs idag allt hårdare krav från samhället för att de ska minska sin miljöpåverkan. Med bland annat bättre processkunskaper kan systemen övervakas och styras så att resursförbrukningen minskas utan att försämra reningsgraden. Vissa variabler är lätta att mäta direkt i vattnet medan andra kräver mer omfattande laboratorieanalyser. Några parametrar i den senare kategorin som är viktiga för reningsgraden är avloppsvattnets innehåll av fosfor och kväve, vilka bland annat kräver resurser i form av kemikalier till fosforfällning och energi till luftning av det biologiska reningssteget. Halterna av dessa ämnen i inkommande vatten varierar under dygnet och är svåra att övervaka.

    Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det är möjligt att utifrån lättmätbara variabler erhålla information om de mer svårmätbara variablerna i avloppsvattnet genom att utnyttja multivariata analysmetoder för att skapa modeller över variablerna. Modellerna kallas ofta för mjukvarusensorer (soft sensors) eftersom de inte utgörs av fysiska sensorer.

    Mätningar på avloppsvattnet i Linje 1 gjordes under tidsperioden 11 – 15 mars 2013 på flera ställen i processen. Därefter skapades flera multivariata modeller för att försöka förklara de svårmätbara variablerna. Resultatet visar att det går att erhålla information om variablerna med PLS-modeller som bygger på mer lättillgänglig data. De framtagna modellerna fungerade bäst för att förklara inkommande kväve, men för att verkligen säkerställa modellernas riktighet bör ytterligare validering ske.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Abrams, Philip
    Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap.
    Simulering och känslighetsanalys av ett pumpkraft-dagvattendammsystem: En utvärdering av potential för småskalig energilagring av solelsöverskott eller arbitrage2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    The global move to more sustainable and renewable energy sources causes increased fluctuations in theelectric market. That fact combined with the Swedish regulations on micro producers make high levels ofself-use critical and have increased the interest in energy storage of energy from intermittent sources.Cooperation with Eksta AB have provided the opportunity to evaluate an innovative energy storage conceptfor a future exploitation area of around 17,2 hectares planned residential and urban area. This bachelorthesis studies the potential of using stormwater management ponds for small-scale energy storage in theform of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES). The focus is on storage of surplus energy from a solarenergy system designed for micro production and local energy supply. However, it also evaluates thepotential of using the equivalent dimensions for energy storage which storage level only change whenbuying or selling electricity at market prices for arbitrage purposes.Potential in the form of financial benefit and increased self-use of solar energy are studied through aquantitative methodology that, in the case of storing surplus energy from a solar system, use a simulationmodel developed for this thesis that takes Eksta´s contractual electric specifications into account. Toevaluate the case of energy storage for arbitrage a simulation model is used in the form of an algorithmbaseddrive strategy named “Optimal”, which has been recreated from research in the field of energy storageand drive strategies. The level of innovation is high on account of including such as energy additions to thestorage from rain water management, energy losses from dispersion of stored stormwater to surroundingground layers, it´s novel focus on a stormwater pond for energy storage, the rarely studied combination ofPHES and small scale solar systems and finally that the dimensions of the pump and turbine that is neededin PHES is based on PaT (pump as turbine) technology, allowing the reverse drive of a centrifugal pumpto operate as a turbine.Sensitivity analysis is included to increase the understanding of PHES-stormwater systems in the case of Eksta and as a concept for energy storage. The work also includes a brief examination of relevant regulationsin order to supply a wider perspective.The result shows that the implementation of a PHES-stormwater system during the years 2018 and 2019increased the self-use of generated solar energy by 28,59 % and provide the joint financial benefit of 5989SEK. The simulation model of energy storage for arbitrage during the years 2018 and 2019 resulted in thecombined financial benefit of 699 SEK when “Optimal” operation strategy is used and 678 SEK with apractically applicable operation strategy.The main conclusion is that PHES-stormwater systems as an energy storage for small-scale solar surplushas high potential to increase the self-use of solar energy but relatively low potential to increase the financialbenefits of small-scale solar systems. From the sensitivity analysis it can be concluded that the simulatedPHES-stormwater system is sensitive to small and medium ranged changes in storage capacity, efficiency,rate of dispersion, set electrical buying price and selectivity of which hours to empty the storage. This whilebeing generally insensitive to small and medium ranged variations in installed peak effect of the solar system,filling/emptying time and the relative size of the turbine compared to the pump.The conclusion from the simulation of arbitrage application is that the potential for financial benefit inthese circumstances is extremely low. The sensitivity analysis lead to the conclusion that the system issensitive to small and medium ranged variations in storage capacity, efficiency, filling/emptying time andmarginal operation costs.Besides the limited financial benefit, other potential hindrances may be the legality of connecting the systemelectrically, lack of financial benefits given to larger but still small-scale solar systems and the eventuality ofdisrupting the main function of the stormwater pond, which is purifying stormwater.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11. Abu-Ghunmi, Diana
    et al.
    Abu-Ghunmi, Lina
    Kayal, Bassam
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM).
    Bino, Adel
    Circular economy and the opportunity cost of not 'closing the loop' of water industry: the case of Jordan2016Inngår i: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 131, s. 228-236Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The water industry is moving from an end-of-pipe approach consistent with the linear economic model to a circular approach consistent with the circular economy model. The economic dimension of wastewater circularity has not received the attention that other dimensions have; this study attempts to fill this research gap by studying the economic dimension, in order to estimate the net opportunity cost of a non-circular water industry The financial and environmental benefits of treating wastewater, along with the associated operating and capital costs, are calculated to arrive at the opportunity cost and the 'closing the loop charge'. The analytical results reveal an estimated net opportunity cost of 643 million Jordanian dinar (JOD) (907 million US$) if the option not to go circular is chosen, with JOD 212 million (US$ 299 million) of this amount currently squandered. Furthermore, this indicates an average 'closing the loop charge' of JOD0.70/m(3) ($1.0/m(3)), which represents the average shadow price of the associated environmental externalities. Having thus shown a strong economic case for the circular model in the water industry, movements in all economic sectors to adhere to this model appear to be highly desirable.

  • 12. Abu-Khader, M. M.
    et al.
    Shawaqfeh, A. T.
    Naddaf, Z.
    Maity, J. P.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Radon in the groundwater in the Amman-Zarqa Basin and related environments in Jordan2018Inngår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN 2352-801X, Vol. 7, s. 73-81Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The occurrence of radon (222Rn) in environment (groundwater and indoor air) from geogenic sources is receiving an growing attention due to its adverse impact on human health worldwide including Jordan. Highlighting the current status of radon in Jordan, the present study of radon concentrations in ground waters in the Amman-Zarqa basin (AZB) was investigated. Groundwater samples were collected from fifteen wells located in three main areas of Ras Al-Ain, Al-Rsaifeh and Al-Hashemite. Radon concentration was measure using Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) Tri- Carb 3110 with discriminator and the highest values for radon concentration in water were observed in Al-Rsaifeh area and ranged from 4.52 up to 30.70 Bq/l with an average of 11.22 Bq/l, which were attributed to the decay of naturally distributed uranium in phosphate rock from Al-Rsaifeh mines. In Ras Al-Ain area, the radon concentration were noted ranged from 0.6 to 5.55 Bq/l with an average of 2.82 Bq/l, and also in Al-Hashemite area were ranged from 0.77 to 5.37 Bq/l with an average of 4.04 Bq/l. The overall average concentration of tested samples was 5.77 Bq/l and found within the acceptable international levels. Ground water samples of Ras Al-Ain area showed good quality as was tested of low salinity. It recorded the lowest average radon concentration of 2.82 Bq/l. Also, Radon indoor and building materials was reviewed. In conclusion, this study presented an urged need for developing national regulations and standards as well as awareness program concerning the radon status in Jordan.Elsevier B.V.

  • 13.
    Achleitner, Stefan
    et al.
    Unit of Hydraulic Engineering, University of Innsbruck.
    Schröber, Johannes
    AlpS - Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Technologies, Innsbruck.
    Rinderer, Michael
    Hydrology and Climate Unit, Department of Geography, University of Zurich.
    Leonhardt, Günther
    Unit of Environmental Engineering, University of Innsbruck.
    Schöberl, Friedrich
    Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck.
    Kirnbauer, Robert
    Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology.
    Schönlaub, Helmut
    TIWAG - Tiroler Wasserkraft AG.
    Analyzing the operational performance of the hydrological models in an alpine flood forecasting system2012Inngår i: Journal of Hydrology, ISSN 0022-1694, E-ISSN 1879-2707, Vol. 412-413, s. 90-100Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    During recent years a hybrid model has been set up for the operational forecasting of flood discharges in the 6750km 2 Tyrolean part of the River Inn catchment in Austria. The catchment can be characterized as a typical alpine area with large variations in altitude. The paper is focused on the error analysis of discharge forecasts of four main tributary catchments simulated with hydrological water balance models. The selected catchments cover an area of 2230km 2, where the non-glaciated and glaciated parts are modeled using the semi-distributed HQsim and the distributed model SES, respectively.The forecast errors are evaluated as a function of forecast lead time and forecasted discharge magnitude using 14 events from 2007 to 2010. The observed and forecasted precipitation inputs were obtained under operational conditions. The mean relative bias of the forecasted discharges revealed to be constant with regard to the forecast lead time, varying between 0.2 and 0.25 for the different catchments. The errors as a function of the forecasted discharge magnitude showed large errors at lower values of the forecast hydrographs, where errors decreased significantly at larger discharges being relevant in flood forecasting

  • 14.
    Adamo, Nasrat
    et al.
    Consultant Engineer, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Sissakian, Varoujan
    Department of Petroleum Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
    Laue, Jan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Al Khanfar, Salwan Ali Abed
    College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
    Virtual Water Trade and Food Security for Iraq2023Inngår i: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, E-ISSN 1947-394X, Vol. 15, nr 7, s. 417-430Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Iraq depends on its water resources from the water of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. Now, the flow of these rivers is decreasing, and Iraq is experiencing a water shortage problem. The situation is expected to be graver in the future if no action is considered. It is expected that the population will be about 70 million in 2050 and about 90 million in 2070. In such a case, thus, the quantities of water available in the future will not besufficient to produce most of the requirements of food security, whether that be from agricultural or animal products. To overcome this problem, water management planning should be based on scientific background to overcome the present and expected problems. One of the main factors to be considered should be based on scientific studies of the virtual water footprint of different food crops to provide the largest possible amount of virtual water and avoid the acute shortage of its national water from surface and ground irrigation water (blue water) and rainwater (green water), in addition to working hard to provide the largest possible amount of desalinated water and refined sewage (gray water). In addition, any strategic plan for sustainable development in the country must be comprehensive so that it is not satisfied with improving the situation in the field of food security related to water security, but rather among its other elements is community development that directly affects food security, including setting policies to reduce consumption by reducing the steady increase in population where the population rate is 2.97% now. Collective awareness and guidance programs in all the fields of water and food security are very important to be adopted, so that everyone knows that the issue of food security and what derives from it are an existential issue related to the survival of Iraq as a state and people. In this research, facts are stated so that action is to be considered to minimize the water shortage problem. The new strategic water resources management plan is to be adopted that considers existing and future expected problems.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 15.
    Addie, G.R.
    et al.
    GIW Industries Inc..
    Roudnev, A.S.
    Weir Minerals North America.
    Sellgren, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Weir Minerals North America2007Inngår i: Hydrotransport 17: the 17th International Conference on the Hydraulic Transport of Solids ; [7 - 11 May 2007, Cape Town, South Africa, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2007, s. 205-218Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Hydraulic Institute has completed the task of developing a new ANSI/HI standard 12.1-12.6 (2005) for rotodynamic (centrifugal) slurry pumps covering nomenclature, definitions, applications, and operation. The standard provides examples of the different slurry pump types and contains an extensive section on pump and slurry definitions. The effect of slurry on pump performance is covered along with the pumping of froth. Reference is also made to ANSI/HI standard 9.6.7 (2004), which contains a new method for pump performance correction when handling viscous fluids. Classification of slurry services is established and then is used to determine limitations on velocities and total head per pump in order to obtain acceptable wear performance. The new service class, head per stage and other limits are directly related to capital and other cost considerations that will affect solids transport system economics. The writers review the contents of the new standard, highlight the main points, and discuss the reason for the slurry classification, corresponding limits and expected implications, particularly with respect to operating costs of the pumps in solids transport systems

  • 16.
    Addie, Graeme
    et al.
    Engineering and Research and Development, GIW Industries Inc.
    Carstens, M.
    GIW Industries Inc..
    Sellgren, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Visintainer, R.
    GIW Industries Inc..
    Whitlock, L
    Hydraulic Test Lab., GIW Industries Inc.
    Pipeline design characteristics of some industrial paste-like slurries2005Inngår i: Conference Proceedings - First Extractive Metallurgy Operators' Conference, The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy , 2005, s. 147-154Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a wide variety of industrial pastes or non-settling slurries pumped in mining, dredging and reclamation projects as products, refuse and tails. The types and/or names of some of the common ones are alumina red mud, phosphate clays, tar sands mature fine tails, tar sands (CT) consolidated clays and fly ash. The pipeline performance or friction of these varies dramatically with the type, its concentration and the particulars of the actual slurry making it difficult to select pumping equipment and to design associated pipelines. The GIW Hydraulic Laboratory in Grovetown Georgia has tested a number of these slurries over the last 30 years for various mining customers. Where available in the public domain and/or where permission has been obtained, the results of those tests are presented in this paper in a form usable for pipeline and pump system designers and users.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 17.
    Addie, Graeme R.
    et al.
    GIW Industries, United States.
    Roudnev, Aleksander S.
    Weir Minerals North America, United States.
    Sellgren, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    The new ANSI/HI centrifugal slurry pump standard2007Inngår i: South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, ISSN 0038-223X, Vol. 107, nr 6, s. 403-409Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Hydraulic Institute has completed the task of developing a new ANSI/HI standard 12.1-12.6 (2005) for Rotodynamic (Centrifugal) Slurry Pumps covering nomenclature, definitions, applications, and operation. The standard provides examples of the different slurry pump types and contains an extensive section on pump and slurry definitions. The effect of slurry on pump performance is covered along with the pumping of froth. Reference is also made to ANSI/HI standard 9.6.7 (2004), which contains a new method for pump performance correction when handling viscous fluids.Classification of slurry services is established and then is used to determine limitations on velocities and total head per pump in order to obtain acceptable wear performance. The new service class, head per stage and other limits are directly related to capital and other cost considerations that will affect solids transport system economics. The writers review the contents of the new standard, highlight the main points, and discuss the reason for the slurry classification, corresponding limits and expected implications, particularly with respect to operating costs of the pumps in solids transport systems.

  • 18.
    Addie, Graeme R.
    et al.
    GIW Industries Inc..
    Sellgren, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    A first slurry standard and some implications for paste application2007Inngår i: Paste 2007: proceedings of the tenth International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings / [ed] Andy Fourie; Richard Jewell, Perth: Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2007, s. 153-162Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Hydraulic Institute has just completed the task of developing a new ANSI/HI standard on Rotodynamic (Centrifugal) Slurry Pumps covering nomenclature, definitions, applications, and operation. The standard provides examples of all the different types of pumps available and has an extensive section on definitions. Slurries and their effect on performance and wear are covered. A slurry service class is established which then is used to limit velocities and head produced per pump to give acceptable wear. A special section deals with mechanical seals and a new method for determining flange loads is presented and guidelines are given for commissioning, start-up etc.The head limits and the performance derating are of special interest when centrifugal slurry pumps are applied to thickened tailings and paste-like slurries. For Newtonian liquids, the Hydraulic Institute's Viscosity Correction Method (ANSI/HI 2004) provides a procedure widely used for viscous effects on the performance. For the homogeneous flow of viscous slurries, the new slurry standard refers to an applicable viscosity to use with the method and to "consult the pump manufacturer for guidance regarding non-Newtonian slurry pump performance."Experimental performance results are presented here and applied to the viscosity correction method for a simulated tailings product slurry characterized by a fully sheared yield stress of about 100 Pa, evaluated from pipeline data. The pump was a GIW-LCC type three-vane all metal unit with a 0.3m-diameter impeller having an open shroud with a simple auger-like inducer. Results are also given for an underground hydraulic fill product characterized by a Newtonian kinematic viscosity which is 1300 times that for water. The different results obtained here point out the strong influence the rheological behavior has on the choice of pump size and the power requirement.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 19.
    Addie, Graeme R.
    et al.
    GIW Industries, 5000 Wrightsboro Road, Grovetown, GA 30813-9750, USA.
    Sellgren, Anders
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Design, selection, sizing and control considerations for cyclone feed slurry pumps1999Inngår i: Powder Technology, ISSN 0032-5910, E-ISSN 1873-328X, Vol. 104, nr 3, s. 233-239Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cyclone feed centrifugal slurry pumps in semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill and other cyclone feed circuits see coarse size slurries at high concentrations that can result in high wear if the pump is not designed, selected, sized and operated correctly. The high proportion of static head of the normal cyclone feed circuits usually results in a relatively flat system curve which in conjunction with the typically flat slurry pump curve results in large changes in operating flow with small changes in system head. When this is combined with the normal (or abnormal) fluctuations in the output from the mill upstream of the pumps, any shortcomings in the pump control system and/or matching of the pump means large fluctuations in flow and increased wear. This difficulty could be corrected by continuous variations in speed. A means of control by which the speed is changed in an appropriate way is suggested here. In this case then the pump-input power, the known water performance of the pump and the system flow, can be used to calculate an effective pump discharge pressure. By comparison with a calculated system head, the pump speed can be regulated such that the pressures are equal and the system stable for any practical variation of incoming flow or specific gravity.

  • 20. Admass, M.
    et al.
    Dargahi, Bijan
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Vattendragsteknik.
    3D numerical modelling of flow and sediment transport in rivers2007Inngår i: International Journal of Sediment Research, ISSN 1001-6279, Vol. 22, nr 2, s. 168-174Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 21.
    Adolfsson Lindahl, Frida
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära.
    Identifiering av skyfallskänsliga punkter till Västerås kommunsvattentjänstplan: Risk- och sårbarhetsanalys samt lågpunktskartering2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Från om med 1 januari 2024 ska alla kommuner ha en vattentjänstplan. En vattentjänstplan ska innehålla varje kommuns långsiktiga plan för att tillgodose allmänna vattentjänster i framtiden samt åtgärder som behöver vidtas vid skyfall för att skydda VA-anläggningar. Lagändringen infördes 1 januari 2023 vilket har gett kommuner en snäv tidsplan att ta fram denna plan.

    Arbetet har undersökt vad vattentjänstplanen i Västerås kommun behöver innehålla för att uppfylla kravet om åtgärder vid skyfall, identifiera punkter i spill- och dagvattennätet som potentiellt är sårbara för skyfall och ge förslag på skyfallsåtgärder. För att uppfylla syftet har en risk- och sårbarhetsanalys utförts för att identifiera punkter i spill- och dagvattennätet som är sårbara för skyfall. Analysen inkluderade en workshop med nyckelpersoner på Mälarenergi Vatten AB och en riskmatris som användes som bedömningsunderlag. Från riskmatrisen identifierades punkter som var potentiellt sårbara för skyfall och en lågpunktskartering utfördes i SCALGO Live på utvalda punkter. De regnhändelser som utfördes i karteringen var 10-, 20- och 100-årsregn. Lågpunktskarteringen jämfördes även med en skyfallskartering med markavrinning och ledningsnät, vilket är en kartering av hög detaljeringsgrad, för att undersöka ifall lågpunktskartering kan vara lämpligt underlag till en vattentjänstplan.

    Resultatet av risk- och sårbarhetsanalysen var att sju punkter, som gavs som förslag under workshopen, hade höga riskvärden och var potentiellt sårbara för skyfall. Tre av sju punkter valdes till vidare analys: Branthovda, Skiljebo och Önsta-Gryta, alla belägna i Västerås tätort. Samtliga av dessa tre punkter var i dagvattennätet. Lågpunktskarteringen i SCALGO Live som utfördes över dessa tre punkter visade stora översvämningar vid ett 100-årsregn. Skyfallsåtgärder som föreslogs för platserna var magasinerings ytor och skyfallsled. Vid jämförelse av lågpunktskartering och skyfallskartering med markavrinning och ledningsnät visade skyfallskarteringen en mindre översvämning för Branthovda och Skiljebo. I Önsta-Gryta var skillnaden mellan karteringarna minimal. Detta var då skyfallskarteringens resultat visar på att dagvattenledningarna i området var överbelastade redan vid ett 10-årsregn, vilket liknade villkoret i lågpunktskarteringen att dagvattenledningarna antas vara fulla. Med detta kan endast en lågpunktskartering visa ett områdes potential till att var sårbara för skyfall, men säger inget om hur spill- eller dagvattennätet påverkas. Dock kan en lågpunktskartering hjälpa till att identifiera områden i tätorter som skulle kunna vara sårbara för översvämningar.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Adolfsson Lindahl, Frida
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper.
    Edholm, Sigrid
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper.
    Hagberg, Felicia
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper.
    Holmgren, Niclas
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper.
    Källbom, Jacob
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper.
    Magnusson, Astrid
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper.
    Våtmarkers potential att rena avloppsvatten från läkemedelsrester2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna studie genomfördes på uppdrag av det statliga forskningsinstitutet Formas. Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka hur effektiva våtmarker är som tilläggsrening av avloppsvatten, detta med avseende på reducering av läkemedel samt skadeeffekter på akvatiska organismer. Rapporten baserades på en tidigare studie utförd av Breitholtz et al. (2012) där mätningar av läkemedelshalter samt mortalitet och larvutveckling hos hoppkräftor, Nitocra spinipes, gjordes i fyra olika våtmarker.  De fyra våtmarkerna ligger i Eskilstuna, Oxelösund, Nynäshamn och Trosa. Deras mätningar undersökte mortalitet och larvutvecklingskvot för hoppkräftor i prover utspädda med bräckt vatten vid koncentration avloppsvatten på, 11,25 %; 22,5 %; 45% och 90 %. Proverna för läkemedelshalter späddes inte ut och enbart ett mätvärde per våtmark togs vid inflödet och utflödet.

    I denna rapport undersöktes dessa frågeställningar: (1) Är anlagda våtmarker som tilläggsrening en effektiv metod med avseende på skadeeffekter hos hoppkräftor, (2) till vilken grad reduceras halten läkemedel när våtmarker används som tilläggsrening samt (3) finns det ett samband mellan läkemedelsrester och hoppkräftornas överlevnad?

    För att besvara de tre frågeställningarna genomfördes en metaanalys av data från studien av Breitholtz et al. (2012). Hoppkräftors mortalitet, larvutvecklingskvot (LDR) och koncentration av läkemedel analyserades. Endast mortalitet och larvutvecklingskvot hade tillräckligt med data för utförande av en metaanalys. Läkemedelsanalysen kunde bara göras på en grundläggande nivå.

    Metaanalysen programmerades i MATLAB R2019b, där skillnaden i medelvärdet för mortalitet respektive larvutvecklingskvot beräknades mellan in- och utflöde för de fyra våtmarkerna. Skillnaderna för varje våtmark vägdes samman med invers-varians metoden för att få ett sammanvägt medelvärde. Analysen av läkemedel gjordes på nio läkemedel från Breitholtz et al. (2012). De nio valdes ut då de har pekats ut av Svenska Miljöinstitutet som intressanta ur ett avloppsreningsperspektiv. Excel användes för att göra enklare statistiska analyser mellan in- och utflöde i våtmarkerna. Slutligen gjordes en jämförelse mellan hoppkräftors skadeeffekter och läkemedelshalter genom att ta ut skillnaden i medelvärde mellan in- och utflöde.

    Resultatet från analyserna visade att när våtmarker användes som tilläggsrening minskade mortaliteten hos hoppkräftor för koncentrationerna 11,25 % och 90 % avloppsvatten. För koncentrationerna 22,5 % och 45 % fanns däremot ingen signifikant skillnad i mortalitet. Larvutvecklingskvoten minskade efter våtmarksbehandlingen för alla koncentrationer utom 90 %. Läkemedelshalten minskade i snitt med 30 % mellan inflöde och utflöde i våtmarkerna. För läkemedlen sulfametoxazol och oxazepam kunde dock en ökning ses efter behandling med våtmark. Ingen direkt trend kunde utläsas mellan läkemedelshalt och mortalitet hos hoppkräftor. Detta berodde troligtvis på att andra faktorer och föroreningar påverkade hoppkräftornas mortalitet och larvutvecklingskvot i högre grad än läkemedelshalterna.

    I studien kunde ingen slutsats dras om huruvida tilläggsvåtmarker är en effektiv reningsmetod med avseende på skadeeffekter hos hoppkräftor. Hoppkräftor är bra indikatorer på föroreningar i vattnet, dock är det svårt att bestämma vilka föroreningar som påverkar mest i detta fall. Detta medför att inga direkta samband mellan läkemedel och hoppkräftors mortalitet kunde påvisas i studien. De undersökta läkemedlen reducerades generellt. Eftersom mätningarna gjordes under vinterförhållanden då nedbrytningen i våtmarken är som minst effektiv bör resultatet ses som ett lägsta värde.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Ahlberg, Fanny
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Industriell ekologi.
    Ivansen, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Industriell ekologi.
    Analys över variationer i vattenförbrukning och dess påverkandefaktorer: En fallstudie över områden i Borås2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    The steady supply of fresh water is, and has always been, one of the most important functions in human societies. Different users have been able to take advantage of this resource in different extents and for different purposes. The major areas for water usage are drinking water, water supply for industrial purposes and the usage in agricultural sector.

    By dimensioning the supply- and sewer systems accordingly to the demand of the users a more sustainable and optimal system can be achieved. A proper dimensioning has six general factors it should to take in consideration. These are the size of the population, water consumption in residents, general water consumption in schools and offices, water consumption in industry, leakage and different water losses. With a background of these factors this reports main focus and purpose is analysing the variation in water consumption for different consumers (such as residential houses or apartment blocks) in different time intervals (in this report during days and years) and in respect to different factors. The factors that has been chosen to be examined is how water consumption depends on mean age of the consumers and the outdoor temperature. To complete this study water consumption data of different areas in Borås has been provided from the Swedish consultant firm Tyréns. Before analysing the data another study was made by Victor Eliasson, which included the revealing of different faults in the provided data. As a result of this study the most reliable data was chosen to further analysis with respect to the chosen aspects. During the project the calculation- and modelling program Matlab was used alongside the chart program excel. These two programs combined made it possible to handle large amounts of data and present it in different graphs and models. Conclusions could later be made by analyses and different statistical methods. The result from the comparison between areas with different mean ages of the residents showed that the area with high mean age (80 years) hade a higher water consumption than the other areas. The variation in water consumption differed as well between the area with the high mean age compared to the other areas. A regression- and correlation analysis between water consumption and temperature was performed to see if water consumption is depending on the outdoor temperature. The function of a regression analysis is to describe the relation between different parameters with a mathematic model (in this study a linear model). A correlation analysis is then performed to tell how well the mathematic model describes the relation. A conclusion could be made that the water consumption tends to increase with increasing temperature during parts of the year, since a correlation could be found during mars to September. The strongest correlation was in general during May and July for all the areas. No conclusion of how the variation i water consumption depends on different consumers could be made for the analysis during a day and a year. In contrast to the parameters that had a correlation with water consumption there was no visible connection between water consumption over a year or day depending on different users. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Ahlberg, Jesper
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Biogeofysik.
    Gustafsson, David
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Biogeofysik.
    Distributed snow modelling integrating ground penetrating radar data for improved runoff predictions in a Swedish mountain basin2009Inngår i: EGU General Assembly 2009, 2009Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Operational forecasts of snow melt runoff in Sweden are currently running with precipitation and temperature as the main input variables and calibrated with runoff data, and there is an interest to make better use of new measurement systems for distributed snow data. At the same time, various data assimilation techniques are becoming more frequently used in hydrological modeling, in order to reduce uncertainties related to both model structure errors and errors in input and calibration data. Thus, it is important to address not only what type of snow data that can be used to improve the model predictions, but also what type of input data and model structures that are optimal in relation to the available snow data. The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the runoff predictions can be improved by assimilation of temporal and spatially distributed snow data, and if the improvements depend on the choice of model structures, for instance the use of energy balance or day-degree snow models. In order to achieve these objectives a new distributed snow model has been implemented into the hydrological modeling framework HYSS/HYPE. This model can easily be setup with either an energy balance model or a day-degree model for the snow pack calculations, and it is easy to run the model with different spatial resolutions. In the fully distributed case, snow drift processes are implicitly included in the model through a precipitation distribution model, based on topographical information and wind direction. The model was applied to a mountain basin in northern Sweden used for hydropower production, where extensive snow measurements were taken during the last two winters 2007-2009. A climate station is located at the outlet of the regulation lake, including automated point measurements of snow depth, snow mass (snow pillow), snow wetness and snow temperature. Distributed snow cover data was sampled using ground-penetrating radar from snow mobiles. Measurements were taken at the time of the maximum snow cover, providing a data set with snow depth, snow density, snow water equivalent along 20 km long transects in representative areas of the basin. The precipitation distribution model was calibrated using the distributed SWE data from the GPR measurements. Application of the calibrated model to previous years without available snow data show that the runoff predictions was improved compared to calibrations without the distributed snow data, however the improvements were larger for the energy balance compared to the day-degree model. Further developments will include assimilation of the temporal and spatial snow data to adjust the distribution of various input variables, for instance air temperature and wind speed.

  • 25.
    Ahlin, Erik
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära.
    Modellering av dagvattennät utgående från markhöjder2012Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Enligt Svenskt Vatten ska dagvattensystem vara dimensionerade för att klara ett regnmed en återkomsttid på 10 år. För att utvärdera om ett system är rätt dimensionerat kanen dagvattenmodell upprättas. Det är då viktigt att veta vilka nivåer ledningarna har mendenna information är bristfällig hos många kommuner. Ledningarna borde dock följatopografin i generella drag och borde därför kunna uppskattas därifrån.Syftet med denna studie var därför att utveckla en metod för hur vattenledningarnasnivåer kunde ansättas på ett enkelt sätt utifrån marknivån och hur stor betydelse detskulle ha vid dagvattenmodellering. Ett ytterligare syfte var att även bedöma Lidingöstads dagvattensystem, där information om ledningarnas nivåer saknades, utifrån dennametod. För att metoden skulle vara användbar var det också viktigt att den var enkel attapplicera även för stora dagvattensystem.Delar av Sundbybergs dagvattennät i Stockholms län användes för att utvecklametoden. Där var ledningarnas nivåer kända och en analys av detta resulterade i enmetod där brunnarnas djup, som styr ledningarnas nivåer, ansattes på 2 m djup. Ettundantag var tvunget att göras vid de fall då ledningarna fick bakfall. Där ansattes ettdjup så att ledningen låg horisontellt.Vid utvärdering av hur stor påverkan ansättningen av djupet hade togs hänsyn tillosäkerheten av avrinningskoefficienten genom att använda tre olika scenarier;oförändrad, 30 % lägre samt 30 % högre avrinningskoefficient. För varje brunn vägdesrisken för översvämning ihop från resultatet av dessa tre scenarier och sammanställdesmed att varje brunns trycknivå fick status över mark, under mark eller osäker. Dettagjordes för både modell med kända och med ansatta nivåer. Statusen för varje brunnjämfördes sedan dem emellan för att utvärdera hur bra metoden för att ansättabrunnarnas djup var.Resultatet av studien visar att metoden i stora drag gav samma resultat vad gäller riskenför översvämning jämfört med om nivåerna hade varit kända. Avvikelser uppstodfrämst vid diken men även för enstaka instängda områden och utlopp. För Lidingösdagvattennät hamnade trycknivån för 18 % av brunnarna över marknivån vid ett 10-årsregn och ytterligare 16 % var osäkra.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Ahlkvist, Ossian
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Är avloppsreningsverk lämpliga mottagare av backspolvatten från simhallar?2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Simhallar används som fritidscenter, för sport eller som terapeutisk rehabilitering, och i Stockholms kommun finns det 15 kommunala simanläggningar samt väldigt många privata i form av till exempel hotellpooler. Ett relativt ouppmärksammat problem som finns med dessa pooler ligger i de kemiska reaktioner som händer i vattnet. Natriumhypoklorit, som används för reningen, reagerar i bassängen med organiskt material och bildar Adsorberbara Organiska Halider (AOX) och Extraherbara Organiska Halider (EOX). Dessa fastnar i filtret på anläggningen lokalt och fritt klor kan bilda ytterligare AOX i spillvattennätet. När detta händer behöver filtren genomgå backspolning och detta genererar koncentrerat förorenat vatten. 

    Dessa föreningar är skadliga för människor och djur samt ibland även att komma i direktkontakt med. Dessa ämnen har visat sig kunna bioackumulera i levande organismer och har där orsakat problem såsom nedsatt reproduktiv förmåga och andra cellskador. Ämnena har även observerats ansamlas i dyn i vattendrag. 

    I denna kandidatuppsats har jag studerat hur många badanläggningar som finns i upptagningsområdet för Käppalaverket, Bromma och Henriksdals avloppsreningsverk. Med denna information har jag tagit reda på hur mycket vatten som genereras av pooler på dessa anläggningar och kompletterat dessa siffror med hjälp av schablonvärden inskaffade från förvaltare och uppskattade från inkomna värden. 

    Jag fann 188 st badanläggningar inom det undersökta området, varav 70 st var plaskdammar. Dessa anläggningar genererade cirka 278 000 kubikmeter vatten, och denna mängd motsvarar mellan 0.10 och 0.145 procent av det totala inflödet till de olika reningsverken. Slutsatsen blev att reningsverk kanske inte passar som mottagare av backspolvatten i dagsläget, och att mer undersökningar behöver göras för att göra ämnet klarare och säkrare. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Ahlström, Marcus
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Matematisk-datavetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Online-instrumentering på avloppsreningsverk: status idag och effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Effektiviteten av automatiserade reningsprocesser inom avloppsreningsverk beror ytterst på kvaliteten av de mätdata som fås från installerade instrument. Givarfel påverkar verkens styrning och är ofta anledningen till att olika reglerstrategier fallerar. Idag saknas standardiserade riktlinjer för hur instrumenteringsarbetet på svenska reningsverk bör organiseras vilket ger begränsade förutsättningar för reningsverken att resurseffektivt nå sina utsläppskrav. Mycket forskning har gjorts på att optimera olika reglerstrategier men instrumentens roll i verkens effektivitet har inte givits samma uppmärksamhet. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka hur instrumentering på reningsverk kan organiseras och struktureras för att säkerställa mätdata av god kvalitet och att undersöka effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen.

    Inom arbetet genomfördes en litteraturstudie där instrumentering på reningsverk under-söktes. Effekter av givarfel på reningsprocessen undersöktes genom att simulera en fördenitrifikationsprocess i Benchmark Simulation Model no. 2 där bias och drift implementerades i olika givare. Simuleringar visade att positiva bias (0,10–0,50 mg/l) i en ammoniumgivare inom en kaskadreglering bidrar till att öka luftförbrukningen med cirka 4–25 %. Vidare resulterade alla typer av fel i DO-givare i den sista aeroba bassängen i en markant större påverkan på reningsprocessen än samma fel i DO-givare i någon av de tidigare aeroba bassängerna. Om den sista aeroba bassängen är designad för att hålla lägre syrehalter är DO-givaren i den bassängen den viktigaste DO-givaren att underhålla. Positiva bias (200–1 000 mg/l) i TSS-givare som används för att styra uttaget av överskottsslam bidrog till kraftiga ökningar av mängden ammonium med cirka 29–464 % i utgående vatten. Negativ drift i DO-givare visade att stora besparingar i luftningsenergi, cirka 4 %, var möjliga genom ett mer frekvent underhåll av DO-givarna.

    Huruvida ett instrument lider av ett positivt eller negativt givarfel, bias eller drift, kommer att påverka hur mycket och i vilken mån reningsprocessen påverkas. Studien av givarfel visade att effekten av ett positivt eller ett negativt fel varierade och att effekten på reningsprocessen inte var linjär. Effekten av givarfel på reningsprocessen kommer i slutändan att bero på den implementerade reglerstrategin, inställningar i regulatorerna och på den styrda processen.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Ahmed, Dooraid N.
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
    Hussein, Maad A.
    Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, 10081, Iraq.
    Abdul-Kareem, Mohammed B.
    Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Hassan, Waqed H.
    University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Kerbala, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Faisal, Ayad A. H.
    Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Green Synthesis of Hybrid Iron Oxides/Graphene Immobilization on the Iron Slag for Reclamation Congo Red Dye-Water2023Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 234, artikkel-id 778Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 29.
    Ahmed, K. Matin
    et al.
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Hasan, Md. Aziz
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Akhter, S. Humayun
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Alam, S. M. Mahbub
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Bhuyian, M. A. Hossain
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Imam, M. Badrul
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Khan, Aftab A.
    Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol.
    Sracek, Ondra
    Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Mineral Petrol & Geochem.
    Arsenic enrichment in groundwater of the alluvial aquifers in Bangladesh: an overview2004Inngår i: Applied Geochemistry, ISSN 0883-2927, E-ISSN 1872-9134, Vol. 19, nr 2, s. 181-200Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Arsenic in the groundwater of Bangladesh is a serious natural calamity and a public health hazard. Most groundwater from the shallow alluvial aquifers (<150 m), particularly in the Holocene plain lands, are vulnerable to As-enrichment. Delta plains and flood plains of the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system are moderately to severely enriched and more than 60% of the tube wells are affected. Shallow aquifers in the Meghna river basin and coastal plains are extremely enriched with more than 80% of the tube wells affected. Aquifers in the Pleistocene uplands and Tertiary hills are low in As. The vertical lithofacies sequence of the sediments from highly enriched areas of the country show two distinct lithofacies associations-a dominantly sandy channel-fill association and a fine-grained over bank association. The sediments can be grouped into 4 distinct lithofacies, viz. clay, silty clay, silty sand and sand. Thin section petrography of the As-enriched aquifer sands shows that the sands are of quartzolithic type and derived from the collision suture and fold thrust belt of the recycled orogen provenance. Groundwater is characterized by circum-neutral pH with a moderate to strong reducing nature. The waters are generally of Ca-Mg-HCO3 or Ca-Na-HCO3 type, with HCO3- as the principal anion. Low SO42- and NO3-, and high dissolved organic C (DOC) and NH4+ concentrations are typical chemical characteristics of groundwater. The presence of dissolved sulfides in these groundwaters indicates reduction Of SO4. Total As concentration in the analyzed wells vary between 2.5 and 846 mug l(-1) with a dominance of As(III) species (67-99%). Arsenic(III) concentrations were fairly consistent with the DOC and NH4+ contents. The HNO3 extractable concentrations of As (As-NO3) in the sediments (0.5-17.7 mg kg(-1)), indicate a significant positive correlation with Fe-NO3, Mn-NO3, Al-NO3 and P-NO3. The concentrations Of S-NO3 (816-1306 mg kg(-1)) peaked in the clay sediments with high organic matter (up to 4.5 wt.%). Amounts of oxalate extractable As (As..) and Fe (Fe x) ranged between 0.1-8.6 mg kg(-1) and 0.4-5.9 g kg(-1), respectively. Arsenic(ox) was positively correlated with Fe-ox, Mn-ox, and Al-ox in these sediments. Insignificant amounts of opaque minerals (including pyrite/arsenopyrite) and the presence of high As contents in finer sediments suggests that some As is incorporated in the authigenically precipitated sulfides in the reducing sediments. Moreover, the chemical extractions suggest the presence of siderite and vivianite as solid phases, which may control the aqueous chemistry of Fe and PO43-. Reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide present as coatings on sand grains as well as altered mica (biotite) is envisaged as the main mechanism for the release of As into groundwater in the sandy aquifer sediments.

  • 30.
    Ahmed, Mohamed
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap.
    Hassan Abdi, Nasteho
    Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap.
    Kommunernas planering och arbete med översvämningsrisker i lågstråk vid befintlig bebyggelse2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Introduktion: Många städer i Sverige har fler lågpunkter i sin terräng och är drabbadevid kraftigt regn. Förtätning i städerna förvärrar ofta problemet ytterligare då mängdenhårdgjorda ytor utökas samtidigt som tillgänglig mark för dagvattenhantering minskar.Detta gör att dagvattenflöden som behöver hanteras kan vara mycket stora och avrinnamycket snabbt. Därför är det viktigt att städerna får till en långsiktig och hållbardagvattenhantering som klarar dagens och framtidens klimatförändring. Denna rapportska undersöka hur Karlstad och Växjö kommun arbetar och planerar för den ökaderisken av skyfall samt studera de olika lösningarna som används idag. Rapporten skaäven identifiera vilka omkringliggande faktorer som påverkar dagvattenlösningarna.

    Metod: Först har det utfört en litteraturstudie för att fördjupa kunskaper och få en bravetenskaplig grund som är baserad på ämnet. För att kunna svara på frågeställningar såhar det genomförts två fallstudier och tre intervjuer med respondenter från VAavdelningen på Växjö och Karlstad kommun samt en expert. Sedan utfördesdokumentanalys av respektive kommuner utifrån planbeskrivning, hållbarhetsindexsamt dagvattenutredningen för att kunna få så omfattande material som möjligt.

    Resultat: Planeringen och arbetet har påbörjats genom att en skyfallskartering ochförsta konsekvensanalys framtagits. Ingen fullständig handlingsplan har framställts avde tillfrågade kommunerna. För att komma igång med arbetet ska Karlstad kommunanställa en skyfallssamordnare. Lösningar som används mest i kommunerna ärreningsdammar, utjämningsmagasin, gatuhantering och förnyelse av ledningsnätet.Speciell lösning i Växjö kommun är reduktion av dagvattentaxan. Platsen som skaåtgärdas, kunskap, lagar, tidsåtgång och VA avdelningens samarbete medfastighetsägare och andra avdelningar i kommun är viktiga beståndsdelar som påverkarimplementeringen av olika lösningar.

    Analys: Av resultatet kan slutsatserna dras att kommunerna arbetar och planerar välmed den ökade risken av skyfall i sårbara lågstråk. Mer arbete kan dock göras genomatt framställa en handlingsplan anpassad efter VA. Vilken lösning som tillämpas berorpå en del faktorer. Klimatförändringen som är en viktig faktor tar kommunerna hänsyntill i planeringen och arbetet genom att säkerhetsfaktor tilläggs fördagvattenanläggningar och vid dimensionering av ledningsnätet. Arbetet fortsättergenom att få ett gott samarbete mellan VA-avdelningen och teknikavdelningarna ikommunen samt fastighetsägare då det ofta leder till en god och noga förberedd lösning.Kommunerna förklarar att använda sig av kosteffektiva lösningar är viktigt dåfinansiering kommer ifrån VA-taxan. Det spekuleras i att en förändring i lagen som gerVA avdelningen möjlighet att få finansiera för skyfalls åtgärder hade minimeratöversvämningsriskerna.

    Diskussion: Resultatet anses vara användbart då kommunerna kan ta del av varandrasplanering och arbete samt hjälpa varandra i utvecklingen av hållbaradagvattenlösningar. Resultatet främjar en större förståelse kring vilka faktorer somligger till grund för de valda lösningarna. Generaliseringen av resultatet kan sättas ifråga eftersom det är platsspecifikt. Men det går att tillämpa eftersom förståelsen ökarkring hur man kan hantera ett liknande problem på en annan plats eller kommun.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31.
    Ahsan, Amimul
    et al.
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh; Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
    Das, Sushil K.
    College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
    Khan, Md. Habibur Rahman Bejoy
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
    M. Ng, Anne W.
    College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan, Dr, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Ahmed, Shakil
    Department of Civil Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Imteaz, Monzur
    Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
    Tariq, Muhammad A. U. R.
    College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan, Dr, Brinkin, NT, 0810, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan.
    Shafiquzzaman, Md.
    Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
    Modeling the impacts of best management practices (BMPs) on pollution reduction in the Yarra River catchment, Australia2023Inngår i: Applied water science, ISSN 2190-5487, E-ISSN 2190-5495, Vol. 13, artikkel-id 98Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Pollution of a watershed by different land uses and agricultural practices is becoming a major challenging factor that results in deterioration of water quality affecting human health and ecosystems. Sustainable use of available water resources warrants reduction of Non-Point Source (NPS) pollutants from receiving water bodies through best management practices (BMPs). A hydrologic model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can be used for analyzing the impacts of various BMPs and implementing of different management plans for water quality improvement, which will help decision makers to determine the best combination of BMPs to maximize benefits. The objective of this study is to assess the potential reductions of sediments and nutrient loads by utilizing different BMPs on the Yarra River watershed using the SWAT model. The watershed is subdivided into 51 sub-watersheds where seven different BMPs were implemented. A SWAT model was developed and calibrated against a baseline period of 1998–2008. For calibration and validation of the model simulations for both the monthly and annual nutrients and sediments were assessed by using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistical index. The values of the NSE were found more than 0.50 which indicates satisfactory model predictions. By utilizing different BMPs, the highest pollution reduction with minimal costs can be done by 32% targeted mixed-crop area. Furthermore, the combined effect of five BMPs imparts most sediments and nutrient reductions in the watershed. Overall, the selection of a BMP or combinations of BMPs should be set based on the goals set in a BMP application project. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32.
    Alabas, Mohammed A Almajeed A
    et al.
    Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq.
    Jahad, Udai A.
    Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq.
    Al-Ameri, Riyadh
    School of Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3220, Australia.
    Chabuk, Ali
    Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51001, Iraq.
    Isam, Mubeen
    Research and Studies Unit, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.
    Majdi, Ali
    Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Investigation of the Effect of Downstream Slope and Rockfill Materials on Flow Regimes over Gabion Stepped Weirs2023Inngår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, ISSN 1230-1485, E-ISSN 2083-5906, Vol. 32, nr 4, s. 3481-3490Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    It is important to determine the limits of flow regimes in the design of stepped weirs because of the hydraulic performance of each regime. The present study investigates the effect of downstream slope and rock fill materials on flow regimes in gabion stepped weirs. Nine physical models of gabion weirs were used in the experiments. The models’ downstream slopes ranged from 1:05 to 1:4 V:H. In addition, two types of rockfill materials: crushed stone of 0.42 porosity and rounded gravel of 0.38 porosity were used to study the effect of rockfill materials on flow regimes. The nominal size of the crushed stone was (37.5 mm - 13.2 mm) D50 = 23 mm and the nominal size of the rounded gravel was (26.5 mm - 13.2 mm) D50 = 16 mm. Each model has been tested with ten runs for discharge per unit width ranging (from 0.006 to 0.105 m3/sec. m) to cover all flow conditions and flow regimes. The onset of each flow regime for all physical models has been observed. The experimental data of the gabion stepped weirs have been used to develop equations to estimate the onset of each flow regime. The coefficient of correlation (R) of the developed equations ranged between 0.95 to 0.97. The results indicated on the steeper downstream slope models (1:0.5, 1:0.83), there is interference between the nappe and transition flow regimes. The nappe flow regime has not appeared on all steps at the same time. Moreover, the shape and size of the rockfill materials have an insignificant effect on flow regimes, especially at a high flow rate.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 33. Al-Abri, M.
    et al.
    Al-Ghafri, B.
    Bora, T.
    Dobretsov, S.
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Material- och nanofysik.
    Castelletto, S.
    Rosa, L.
    Boretti, A.
    Chlorination disadvantages and alternative routes for biofouling control in reverse osmosis desalination2019Inngår i: npj Clean Water, ISSN 2059-7037, Vol. 2, nr 1, artikkel-id 2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    With an ever-increasing human population, access to clean water for human use is a growing concern across the world. Seawater desalination to produce usable water is essential to meet future clean water demand. Desalination processes, such as reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash have been implemented worldwide. Reverse osmosis is the most effective technology, which uses a semipermeable membrane to produce clean water under an applied pressure. However, membrane biofouling is the main issue faced by such plants, which requires continuous cleaning or regular replacement of the membranes. Chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection process to pretreat the water to reduce biofouling. Although chlorination is widely used, it has several disadvantages, such as formation of disinfection by-products and being ineffective against some types of microbes. This review aims to discuss the adverse effect of chlorination on reverse osmosis membranes and to identify other possible alternatives of chlorination to reduce biofouling of the membranes. Reverse osmosis membrane degradation and mitigation of chlorines effects, along with newly emerging disinfection technologies, are discussed, providing insight to both academic institutions and industries for the design of improved reverse osmosis systems. 

  • 34.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Hydro Geopolitics of the Tigris and Euphrates2019Inngår i: Recent Researches in Earth and Environmental Sciences: 2nd International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering 2019 (ICOASE2019) Zakho-Duhok, Kurdistan Region—Iraq, April 2–4, 2019 / [ed] Yaseen T. Mustafa, Sattar Sadkhan, Subhi Zebari, Karwan Jacksi, Switzerland: Springer Nature , 2019, s. 35-70Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Rivers Euphrates and Tigris are in southwest Asia. The main utilizers of the water of these rivers and tributaries are Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. These rivers rise in Turkey, which makes it the riparian hegemon. Some of the tributaries of the Tigris and Shat Al-Arab Rivers rise in Iran, which makes it the riparian hegemon for these rivers. The lower countries in the catchments are Iraq and Syria and for this reason, they always to ensure the quantity of water required to satisfy their requirements. All these countries are in the Middle East (ME), which characterized by its shortage of water resources. Since the 1970s conflict between riparian counties were noticed due to shortage of available water required, high population growth rate and food security, energy requirements, economic and technological developments and political fragmentation. In addition, there is no public awareness program in all riparian countries and the water management practices are so old leading to high rate of losses. This caused tensions, which sometimes escalated to the verge of war. A mediator is required that is capable to bring all countries concerned to the negotiation table. Syria and Iraq are to give Turkey and Iran some incentives to cooperate. Furthermore, strategic plan based on comprehensive resources development to ensure good water management, minimum water loses, and waste must be adopted by the countries within the basins. This due to the fact that modeling studies of the future suggest that water shortage problem will intensify.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 35.
    Alawsi, Mustafa A.
    et al.
    Department of Building and Construction Techniques, Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10074, Iraq; Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit 52001, Iraq.
    Zubaidi, Salah L.
    Department of Civil Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit 52001, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Al-Bugharbee, Hussein
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wasit University, Wasit 52001, Iraq.
    Ridha, Hussein Mohammed
    Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
    Tuning ANN Hyperparameters by CPSOCGSA, MPA, and SMA for Short-Term SPI Drought Forecasting2022Inngår i: Atmosphere, ISSN 2073-4433, E-ISSN 2073-4433, Vol. 13, nr 19, artikkel-id 1436Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Modelling drought is vital to water resources management, particularly in arid areas, to reduce its effects. Drought severity and frequency are significantly influenced by climate change. In this study, a novel hybrid methodology was built, data preprocessing and artificial neural network (ANN) combined with the constriction coefficient-based particle swarm optimisation and chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CPSOCGSA), to forecast standard precipitation index (SPI) based on climatic factors. Additionally, the marine predators algorithm (MPA) and the slime mould algorithm (SMA) were used to validate the performance of the CPSOCGSA algorithm. Climatic factors data from 1990 to 2020 were employed to create and evaluate the SPI 1, SPI 3, and SPI 6 models for Al-Kut City, Iraq. The results indicated that data preprocessing methods improve data quality and find the best predictors scenario. The performance of CPSOCGSA-ANN is better than MPA-ANN and SMA-ANN algorithms based on various statistical criteria (i.e., R2, MAE, and RMSE). The proposed methodology yield R2 = 0.93, 0.93, and 0.88 for SPI 1, SPI 3, and SPI 6, respectively.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 36.
    Albertsen, Henrik
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggteknik (BY).
    Lindberg, Amanda
    Linnéuniversitetet, Fakulteten för teknik (FTK), Institutionen för byggteknik (BY).
    Lokalt omhändertagande av dagvatten på bostadsfastigheter2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 180 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Ett behov finns av att fördröja dagvatten innan det släpps på det kommunala ledningsnätet för att minska flödestopparna och undvika överbelastning. Studien avser att ta fram en förenklad metod för val och utformning av LOD-metod som är anpassad för privata fastighetsägare.

    Ett flertal LOD-anläggningar samt förutsättningar kring dessa har undersökts. Studien har gett en grundläggande information och en beräkningsgång som har förenklats, är lätt att följa och som kan anpassas efter befintliga förutsättningar och önskemål. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 37.
    Alderman, Carin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Vattendragsteknik.
    Andersson, Sophia
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Vattendragsteknik.
    Cavitation assessment of the Baihetan discharge tunnel – Using Computational Fluid Dynamics2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Recently it has become more common in the construction of large dams to reuse diversion tunnels as flood discharge tunnels in the final structure. These tunnels handle large flows with the characteristics of open channel flow. When such large hydrological forces act upon a structure there are several problems to be expected. One of these is the occurrence of cavitation, which could have potential hazardous erosion as a consequence. Cavitation is the formation and collapse of bubbles that create a shockwave strong enough to erode the underlying material.

    The Baihetan dam is one of the largest hydro power projects in China at present. It has three discharge tunnels that all run the risk of developing cavitation damages. By modelling one of the tunnels using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) it is possible to investigate where in the tunnel structure cavitation is likely to occur.

    This degree project assesses the risk of cavitation erosion in the Baihetan tunnel using the static pressure distribution, the velocity distribution and modern cavitation theory. Several modifications of the tunnel – including alterations in the gradient and construction parameters – are simulated in order to investigate if changes in the design can mitigate the cavitation problem. None of the analysed modifications completely eliminate the problem and aeration is recommended to counteract the problem. This study indicates where cavitation might be a problem in the Baihetan tunnel and can be used as a basis for further research.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Alere, Ilze
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Aspects of water quality dynamics in drinking water distribution systems1997Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 39.
    Alere, Ilze
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Hanaeus, Jörgen
    Particle dynamics in the drinking water distribution network of Luleå1997Inngår i: Vatten, ISSN 0042-2886, nr 4, s. 381-390Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Partikeldynamik i Luleås dricksvattennät

  • 40.
    Alesand, Adam
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
    Kostnader vid reparation av vattenläckor i Linköpings kommun2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 poäng / 16 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    För att minska framtida problem med läckor på våra ledningsnät är det viktigt att man förnyar dessa. Planeringen av denna förnyelse kallas för förnyelseplanering. En metod i förnyelseplaneringen är så kallad ”riskbaserad förnyelseplanering”. Denna metod syftar till att hitta de ledningar som innebär störst risk. Med hög risk menas: en ledning som har hög sannolikhet för brott, samtidigt som konsekvensen av att ett brott uppstår är stor.

    Tekniska Verken i Linköping ansvarar för vattenledningsnätet i Linköpings kommun. I sin förnyelseplanering arbetar man på att få fram ett nytt verktyg, kallat ”Knappen”. Ambitionen med ”Knappen” är kunna hitta sina riskledningar med ”endast ett knapptryck”. ”Knappen” är en beräkning som baseras på en mängd indata om sannolikhet och konsekvens. En av faktorerna som ska användas i beräkningen är en uppskattning av reparationskostnaden läckan medför. Denna undersökning har resulterat i en formel för beräkning av denna kostnad.

    Formeln är baserad på data om tidigare läckor från 2011. De faktorer som formeln visade sig bero på är: vilken marktyp läckan har skett i, hur långt avståndet är, vilken reparationsmetod man måste använda samt ledningens material och diameter. För en läcka i en segjärnsledning med dimensionen 150 mm som måste lagas med en infällning blir reparationskostnaden enligt formeln 118 740 kr om den inträffade i en villagata. Om samma förutsättningar gäller för en läcka i en gjutjärnsledning med dimensionen 100 mm som tätas med en repmuff blir reparationskostnaden enligt formeln 62 060 kr.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Repair costs for water leaks in Linköping municipality
  • 41.
    Alexandroff, Ronja
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Drugge, Paulina
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    A study of the survival rate of Acropora corals outplanted in Damselfish territories: A minor field study in Malolo Lailai, Fiji2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    This bachelor thesis was executed as a Minor Field Study (MFS) in Malolo Lailai Island, Fiji.The Minor Field Study was funded by the state agency Swedish International DevelopmentCooperation Agency (SIDA). The thesis was written during the spring of 2023 at the RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm and the project was created and executedtogether with the organisation Corals for Conservation (C4C) located in Fiji.

    Coral reefs around the world are degraded due to many different anthropogenic stressors,where climate change is a major one. This has affected the reefs in Fiji as sea temperaturesare rising which is causing corals to bleach. Efforts are being made to restore the reefs whichincludes outplanting and monitoring corals in degraded reefs. As conditions in the seaschange, corals are increasingly exposed to predators and disease. Against this backgroundthis project was created in order to see if outplanting corals inside or close to a Damselfish(Stegastes nigricans) territory makes any difference to the survival rate of the corals. Theresults show that corals outplanted outside of a Damselfish territory has a higher risk ofexposure to predators as well as foragers which leads to a lower survival rate. The conclusionthat was made was that planting corals inside of a Damselfish territory therefore increases thechances of corals surviving.  

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 42.
    Al-Hazmi, Hussein E.
    et al.
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Mohammadi, Ali
    Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013).
    Hejna, Aleksander
    Poznan University of Technology, Poland.
    Majtacz, Joanna
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Esmaeili, Amin
    University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), Qatar.
    Habibzadeh, Sajjad
    Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
    Saeb, Mohammad Reza
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Badawi, Michael
    Université de Lorraine, France.
    Lima, Eder C.
    University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
    Mąkinia, Jacek
    Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland.
    Wastewater reuse in agriculture: Prospects and challenges2023Inngår i: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 236, artikkel-id 116711Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainable water recycling and wastewater reuse are urgent nowadays considering water scarcity and increased water consumption through human activities. In 2015, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG6) highlighted the necessity of recycling wastewater to guarantee water availability for individuals. Currently, wastewater irrigation (WWI) of crops and agricultural land appears essential. The present work overviews the quality of treated wastewater in terms of soil microbial activities, and discusses challenges and benefits of WWI in line with wastewater reuse in agriculture and aquaculture irrigation. Combined conventional-advanced wastewater treatment processes are specifically deliberated, considering the harmful impacts on human health arising from WWI originating from reuse of contaminated water (salts, organic pollutants, toxic metals, and microbial pathogens i.e., viruses and bacteria). The comprehensive literature survey revealed that, in addition to the increased levels of pathogen and microbial threats to human wellbeing, poorly-treated wastewater results in plant and soil contamination with toxic organic/inorganic chemicals, and microbial pathogens. The impact of long-term emerging pollutants like plastic nanoparticles should also be established in further studies, with the development of standardized analytical techniques for such hazardous chemicals. Likewise, the reliable, long-term and extensive judgment on heavy metals threat to human beings's health should be explored in future investigations.

  • 43.
    Ali, Sabrin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi.
    Pereira, Elizama
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi.
    Lustgasemissioner från ryaverket och dess klimatpåverkan: Utvärdering av lustgasmätningar2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Sveriges avloppsreningsverk står inför ett antal utmaningar, där en av utmaningarna är minskning av växthusgaser. Lustgas är en av dessa växthusgaser, som bildas vid rening av avloppsvatten. Lustgas är 300 gånger skadligare för klimatet i jämförelse med koldioxid. Dessutom påverkar den nedbrytningen av ozonskiktet. I dagsläget är det svårt att mäta och uppskatta lustgasutsläpp, på grund av att det pågår flera samtidiga processer på stora ytor. För att driften av avloppsreningsverk ska ske på ett effektivt sätt och med en ytterst liten miljöpåverkan måste man kunna förstå hur lustgas uppstår och hur bildningsprocesserna samverkar med de andra reningsprocesserna och driftparametrarna.

    Utsläpp av lustgas har studerats vid avloppsreningsverket i Göteborg. Syftet har varit att tillhandahålla resultat och mätningar från Gryaab AB reningsverk och fastställa vilka processer som ger upphov till störst eller minst lustgasemissioner. Utsläpp av lustgasemissioner har mätts från rejektrening med nitrifikation och denitrifikation process. Analyser på resultaten ska förhoppningsvist kunna hjälpa Gryaab AB med fortsatt studier om lustgas. Som mätningsmetod användes EPA-huvmätning som man mätte med ovanför vattenytan på bassängerna och mobilt extraktiv FTIR som åkte runt anläggningen.

    Den dominerande källan för lustgas visade sig bildas allra mest i nitrifikationsprocessen. Där mätningarna med huv-mätning och stickprov visade totala utsläpp motsvarande 1,8 ton N2O/år. Den totala lustgasemissionen från biologiska reningsprocessen visade totala utsläpp motsvarande 3,5 ton N2O/ år.

    Som en slutsats bör fler mätningar med olika mätningsmetoder och mer studier göras för att få en bättre överblick till varför och hur lustgas bildas. Samt vilka åtgärder som kan minska lustgasemission. Det finns ett behov av fortsatta studier med mätningar med olika mätningsmetoder på Gryaab AB.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    LUSTGASEMISSIONER FRÅN RYAVERKET OCH DESS KLIMATPÅVERKAN
  • 44.
    Alkaradaghi, Karwan
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi. Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Sulaimaniyah, 460013, Iraq.
    Hamamin, Dara
    Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, 460013, Iraq.
    Karim, Hawber
    Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, 460013, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Ali, Salahalddin S.
    Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Sulaimaniyah, 460013, Iraq; Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, 460013, Iraq; Komar Research Center, Sulaimaniyah, 460013, Iraq.
    Laue, Jan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Ali, Tara
    Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, 460013, Iraq.
    Geospatial Technique Integrated with MCDM Models for Selecting Potential Sites for Harvesting Rainwater in the Semi-arid Region2022Inngår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 233, nr 8, artikkel-id 313Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Severe droughts and mismanagement of water resources during the last decades have propelled authorities in the Kurdistan Region to be concerned about better management of precipitation which is considered the primary source of recharging surface and groundwater in the area of interest. The drought cycles in the last decades have stimulated water stakeholders to drill more wells and store uncontrolled runoff in suitable structures during rainy times to fulfill the increased water demands. The optimum sites for rainwater harvesting sites in the Qaradaqh basin, which is considered a water-scarce area, were determined using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), sum average weighted method (SAWM), and fuzzy-based index (FBI) techniques. The essential thematic layers within the natural and artificial factors were rated, weighted, and integrated via GIS and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches. As a consequence of the model results, three farm ponds and four small dams were proposed as future prospective sites for implementing rainwater harvesting structures. The current work shows that the unsuitable ratio over the study area in all methods AHP, SAWM, and FBI occupied 12.6%, 12.7%, and 14.2% respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristics were used to validate the model outcomes. The AUC values range from 0.5 to 1, meaning that all MCDM results are good or are correctly selected. Based on the prediction rate curve for the suitability index map, the prediction accuracy was 72%, 57%, and 59% for AHP, SAWM, and fuzzy overlay, respectively. The final map shows that the potential sites for rainwater harvesting or suitable sites are clustered mainly in the northern and around the basin’s boundary, while unsuitable areas cover northeastern and some scatter zones in the middle due to restrictions of geology, distance to stream with the villages, and slope criteria. The total harvested runoff was 377,260 m3 from all the suggested structures. The proposed sites may provide a scientific and reasonable basis for utilizing this natural resource and minimize the impacts of future drought cycles.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45.
    Al-Madhlom, Qais
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi. College of Engineering/Al-Musaib, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Laue, Jan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Nordell, Bo
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Hussain, Hussain Musa
    Remote Sensing Center, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq.
    Site Selection of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Systems in Shallow Groundwater Conditions2019Inngår i: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 11, nr 7, artikkel-id 1393Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) systems are widely used around the world, due to their relations to heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) applications [1]. To achieve the required objectives of these systems, the best design of these systems should be accessed first. The process of determining the best design for any UTES system has two stages, the type selection stage and the site selection stage. In the type selection stage, the best sort of UTES system is determined. There are six kinds of UTES systems, they are: boreholes, aquifer, bit, tank, tubes in clay, and cavern [2–5]. The selection of a particular type depends on three groups of parameters. They are: Site specific, design, and operation parameters (Figure 1). Apart from site specific parameters, the other two types can be changed through the life time of the system. The site specific parameters, e.g., geological, hydrogeological, and metrological, cannot be changed during the service period of the  ystem. Therefore, the design of the best type should depend, at first consideration, on site specific parameters.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 46.
    Al-Madhlom, Qais
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi. University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
    Hamza, B.
    University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Laue, Jan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Nordell, Bo
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Hussain, Hussain M.
    Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq.
    Site Selection Criteria of UTES Systems in Hot Climate2019Inngår i: Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE-2019: Geotechnical Engineering foundation of the future, Iceland: The Icelandic Geotechnical Society (IGS) , 2019, Vol. 1, s. 1-8Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Underground Thermal Energy Storage UTES systems are widely used around the world. The reason is that UTES is essential in utilizing Renewable Energy sources (RE). The efficiency of the energy system relies strongly on the efficiency of the storage system. Therefore, in the installation of a hyper-energy system, a lot of attention is to be paid in improving the storage system. In order to design an efficient storage system, firstly, standard criteria are to be investigated. These explain the process of making high efficiency storage system that must be specified. The criteria, mainly, depends on: best type and best location. These two variables are in high interference with each other. The bond between the two variables is represented by the geological, hydrological, meteorological, soil, hydrogeological properties/factors of the site. These factors are specified by geo-energy mapping. Despite the importance of this type of mapping, there is no specific criteria/formula that defines the choice. This paper aims to: give a brief literature review for UTES systems (types, classification, advantages/disadvantages for each type, and examples of an installed system). In addition, some factors within geo-energy mapping are highlighted and standard criteria to achieve good storage system are suggested. The suggested criterion comprises a process to transfer the quantity values to quality values according to the expert opinion. The suggested criteria are defined through the following stages: selecting the best type of UTES systems according to hydro-geological in site conditions; using the analytical hierarchy process to rank the best location to install the storage system and then using ArcMap (GIS-Software) to provide representative results as maps. Karbala Province (Iraq) is the study area used here

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 47.
    Al-Madhlom, Qais
    et al.
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Nordell, Bo
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Chabuk, Ali
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi. University of Babylon, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Lindblom, Jenny
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Laue, Jan
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Hussain, Hussain M.
    University of Kufa, Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
    Potential use of UTES in Babylon Governorate, Iraq2020Inngår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN 2352-801X, Vol. 10, artikkel-id 100283Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a global attention that the future energy systems will be based on renewable energy like solar and wind. The large-scale utilization of renewables in space heating and cooling requires large Thermal Energy Storage TES to overcome the varying supply and demand. The process of producing the best Underground Thermal Energy Storage UTES system pass through two steps: first, finding the best type of UTES system, second, finding the best locations to install UTES system. Both of these two steps depend extremely on the site specific parameters such that the depth to the groundwater, transmissivity, type of soil, the depth to the bedrock, and seepage velocity. The purpose of this paper is to explain some of the site specific parameters that the type of UTES-system depends on and explain the suitable type of UTES systems. This study considers Babylon province (Iraq) as study area. This province has electricity deficiency due to Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC applications. The methodology of this study includes reviewing the literature that consider the study area, and using Arc Map/GIS to visualize some of the in-site parameters. The results indicate that the best type of UTES system for the considered region is either aquifer or pit type, due to the type of the soil and the depth to the crystalline bedrock. The hydraulic conductivity and the seepage velocity in the considered region are (0.0023–2.5) m/d and (1.3 × 10−6 – 3.45 × 10−3) m/d respectively. These conditions satisfy the standards which regard aquifer type.

  • 48.
    Al-Maliki, Laheab A
    et al.
    Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Physical Planning, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
    Al-Mamoori, Sohaib K
    Department of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Physical Planning, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    El-Tawel, Khaled
    Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Comair, Fadi G.
    President of the UNESCO IHP Council, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Climate change impact on water resources of Iraq (a review of literature)2022Inngår i: Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognosis (ICWRPP 2022), Institute of Physics (IOP), 2022, artikkel-id 012025Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Maintaining natural processes and supporting social and economic growth depend heavily on water supplies. However, Future climate is predicted to bring higher temperatures, which will increase evapotranspiration; lower precipitation totals; and changes in the seasonal pattern of precipitation. Iraq is more vulnerable to climate change than other nations due to the underdeveloped and fragile water management systems there, as well as the country's desert and warmer environment and increasing sensitivity to extreme weather events. The present work aims to analyse the literature dealing with climate change's effects on water resources in Iraq. The Scopus database was searched using the keywords (Iraq, models of climate change, and water resources). Most models study the effect of high temperatures and evaporation on water resources using different tools, the most important of which are SWAT, LARS-WG, and HEC-HM. The analysis of previous studies shows that the results of all the literature concordant that Iraq is on the verge of severe water scarcity due to high temperatures and the resulting decrease in rainfall, increase in evaporation, decrease in vegetation cover and increase in desertification.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 49.
    Al-Maliki, Laheab Abbas
    et al.
    Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Physical Planning, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
    Al-Mamoori, Sohaib Kareem
    Department of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Physical Planning, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
    El-Tawil, Khaled
    Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Geoteknologi.
    Comair, Fadi G.
    Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme (IHP), UNESCO IHP Council, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Eslamian, Saeid
    Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran; Excellence Center of Risk Management and Natural Hazards, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
    Optimization of Reservoir Operation for Irrigation2023Inngår i: Handbook of Irrigation Hydrology and Management: Irrigation Fundamentals / [ed] Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Taylor & Francis, 2023, 1, s. 347-360Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Water used for irrigation is accounted for 70%–80% of the total water used worldwide. Thus, efficient management of the water resources is the key point to the sustainable water use. The difference between the inflow and water needs is one of the reasons for constructing a reservoir. Many studies were conducted regarding optimizing reservoir operation for irrigation to achieve the desired goals and objectives of the reservoir system. Significant and increasing scientific efforts were conducted to develop and implement the optimization techniques to operate the reservoirs for irrigation. All of the literature aims to minimize the gap between the water release policy and water demands determine release and transfer decisions that maximize water management objectives, and they all confirmed that using mathematical models to optimize and simulate the reservoir operation can enhance the performance of the reservoirs, as well as improve the crop yield. It is expected that this direction continues to evolve, and hopefully, the results of these models would encourage water managers to put them into practice to upgrade the agricultural sector.

  • 50.
    Almqvist, Helena
    et al.
    Luleå kommun.
    Hanaeus, Jörgen
    Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Arkitektur och vatten.
    Organic hazardous substances in graywater from Swedish households2006Inngår i: Journal of environmental engineering, ISSN 0733-9372, E-ISSN 1943-7870, Vol. 132, nr 8, s. 901-908Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The concentrations of several selected organic hazardous substances were investigated in domestic graywater. In total, 41 of 81 organic hazardous substances were found in concentrations above the detection limits (nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates, brominated flame-retardants, organotin compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, linear-alkyl benzene sulfonate, and triclosan). Moreover, total solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur were investigated and presented for graywater. Another objective was to suggest potential household sources for a selected number of organic hazardous substances. The present and past investigations reveal households to be obvious contributors of organic hazardous substances to municipal wastewater, and that graywater is an important media in this transport. The spreading derives from diffuse household sources like everyday activities (laundry, cleaning, etc.), the wearing down of things such as pipe material and interior fittings, and from airborne deposition.

1234567 1 - 50 of 2438
RefereraExporteraLink til resultatlisten
Permanent link
Referera
Referensformat
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Annet format
Fler format
Språk
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Annet språk
Fler språk
Utmatningsformat
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf