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  • 1.
    Bergman, Svante
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Bit loading and precoding for MIMO communication systems2009Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis considers the joint design of bit loading, precoding and receive filters for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system. Both the transmitter and the receiver are assumed to know the channel matrix perfectly. It is well known that, for linear MIMO transceivers, orthogonal transmission (i.e., diagonalization of the channel matrix) is optimal for some criteria such as maximum mutual information. It has been shown that if the receiver uses the linear minimum mean squared error (MMSE) detector, the optimal transmission strategy is to perform bit loading on orthogonal subchannels.

    In the first part of the thesis, we consider the problem of designing the transceiver in order to minimize the probability of error given maximum likelihood (ML) detection. A joint bit loading and linear precoder design is proposed that outperforms the optimal orthogonal transmission. The design uses lattice invariant operations to transform the channel matrix into a lattice generator matrix with large minimum distance separation at a low price in terms of transmit power. With appropriate approximations, it is shown that this corresponds to selecting lattices with good sphere-packing properties. An algorithm for this power minimization is presented along with a lower bound on the optimization. Apparently, given the optimal ML detector, orthogonal subchannels are (in general) suboptimal.

    The ML detector may suffer from high computational complexity, which motivates the use of the suboptimal but less complex MMSE detector. An intermediate detector in terms of complexity and performance is the decision feedback (DF) detector. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the problem of joint bit loading and precoding assuming the DF detector. The main result shows that for a DF MIMO transceiver where the bit loading is jointly optimized with the transceiver filters, orthogonal transmission is optimal. As a consequence, inter-symbol interference is eliminated and the DF part of the receiver is actually not required, only the linear part is needed. The proof is based on a relaxation of the discrete set of available bit rates on the individual subchannels to the set of positive real numbers. In practice, the signal constellations are discrete and the optimal relaxed bit loading has to be rounded. It is shown that the loss due to rounding is small, and an upper bound on the maximum loss is derived. Numerical results are presented that confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate that orthogonal transmission and the truly optimal DF design perform almost equally well. An algorithm that makes the filter design problem especially easy to solve is presented.

    As a byproduct from the work on decision feedback detectors we also present some work on the problem of optimizing a Schur-convex objective under a linearly shifted, or skewed, majorization constraint. Similar to the case with a regular majorization constraint, the solution is found to be the same for the entire class of cost functions. Furthermore, it is shown that the problem is equivalent to identifying the convex hull under a simple polygon defined by the constraint parameters. This leads to an algorithm that produces the exact optimum with linear computational complexity. As applications, two unitary precoder designs for MIMO communication systems that use heterogenous signal constellations and employ DF detection at the receiver are presented.

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  • 2.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Järmyr, Simon
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Jorswieck, E.
    Optimization with skewed majorization constraints: Application to MIMO systems2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper considers the problem of optimizing a Schur-convex objective under a linearly shifted, or skewed, majorization constraint. Similar to the case with a regular majorization constraint, the solution is found to be the same for the entire class of cost functions. Furthermore, it is shown that the problem is equivalent to identifying the convex hull under a simple polygon defined by the constraint parameters. This leads to an algorithm that produces the exact optimum with linear computational complexity. As an application, we present a novel precoder design for a multi-input multi-output communication system with heterogeneous signal constellations utilizing decision feedback detection at the receiver.

  • 3.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Martin, Cristoff
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Bit and power loading for spatial multiplexing using partial channel state information2004In: 2004 ITG: WORKSHOP ON SMART ANTENNAS, PROCEEDINGS, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2004, p. 152-159Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Using information about the channel at the transmitter can improve the performance of Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communication systems. When perfect Channel State Information (CSI) is available at the transmitter, data can be multiplexed and optimized over independent spatial channels. However, when the available channel information is imperfect or partial, crosstalk between the spatial channels is inevitable, complicating the design of the transmitted data. This paper presents a novel practical bit and power loading algorithm, Spatial Loading based on Incomplete Channel Estimates (SLICE), that enables the use of partial CSI for spatial multiplexing. An approximation for the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the spatial channels is derived that facilitates the loading. Numerical experiments demonstrate performance improvements compared with methods that do not consider the partial information available.

  • 4.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Adaptive spatial bit loading using imperfect channel state information2005In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Optical and Electronic Device Technology for Access Networks, Aalborg, Denmark, 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using information about the channel at the transmitter can improve the performance of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems. When perfect channel state information (CSI) is available, data can be multiplexed and optimized over independent spatial channels. When the available channel information is imperfect or partial, crosstalk between the spatial channels is inevitable complicating the design since the performance of the spatial streams has to be considered jointly. In this paper an efficient algorithm for bit and power loading on the spatial channels is presented. Focus is on maximizing the data rate at fixed bit error rate and reasonable computational complexity.

  • 5.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Design of robust linear dispersion codes based on imperfect2006In: Proceedings European Signal Processing Conference, 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper concerns the design of codes for multiple-input multiple-output communication systems. The transmission scheme utilizes imperfect channel state information (CSI) in the design, assuming that maximum-likelihood detection is employed at the receiver. It is argued that channel diagonalizing codes are not robust to imperfections in the CSI. A robust non-diagonalizing code with good minimum distance separation between received codewords is proposed. The design is very suitable for systems operating at high data rates since the complexity scales nicely with the number of antennas. Numerical results show that the proposed code outperforms a state-of-the-art diagonalizing precoder.

  • 6.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Lattice based linear precoding for MIMO block codes2007In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE , 2007, p. 329-332Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Herein, the design of linear dispersion codes for block based multiple-input multiple-output communication systems is investigated. The receiver as well as the transmitter are assumed to have perfect knowledge of the channel, and the receiver is assumed to employ maximum likelihood detection. We propose to use linear precoding and lattice invariant operations to transform the channel matrix into a lattice with large coding gain. With appropriate approximations, it is shown that this corresponds to selecting lattices with good sphere packing properties. Lattice invariant transformations are then used to minimize the power consumption. An algorithm for this power minimization is presented along with a lower bound on the optimization. Numerical results indicate that there is a potential gain of several dB by using the method compared to channel inversion with adaptive bit loading.

  • 7.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Lattice-based linear precoding for MIMO channels with transmitter CSI2008In: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, ISSN 1053-587X, E-ISSN 1941-0476, Vol. 56, no 7, p. 2902-2914Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Herein, the design of linear dispersion codes for multiple-input multiple-output communication systems is investigated. The receiver as well as the transmitter are assumed to have perfect knowledge of the channel, and the receiver is assumed to employ maximum likelihood detection. We propose to use linear precoding and lattice invariant operations to transform the channel matrix into a lattice generator matrix with large minimum distance separation. With appropriate approximations, it is shown that this corresponds to selecting lattices with good sphere-packing properties. Lattice invariant transformations are then used to minimize the power consumption. An algorithm for this power minimization is presented along with a lower bound on the optimization. Numerical results indicate significant gains by using the proposed method compared to channel diagonalization with adaptive bit loading.

  • 8.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Spatial multiplexing over Rician fading channels: Linear precoding transmission strategies2005In: Nordic Conference on Radio Science and Communications (RVK), 2005Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Using information about the channel at the transmittercan improve the performance of multi-input multi-output(MIMO) communication systems. When perfect channelstate information (CSI) is available, data can be multiplexed and optimized over independent spatial channels.However, when the available channel information is imperfect or partial, crosstalk between the spatial channels isinevitable complicating the design of the transmitted data.This paper extends our earlier work on practical bit andpower loading algorithmsthat enable the use of partial CSIfor spatial multiplexing, to the case of correlated Ricianfading CSI models. Furthermore, the bit and power loading algorithm is updated for improved BER performanceas well as lower computational complexity.

  • 9.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Palomar, Daniel P.
    Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Joint Bit Allocation and Precoding for MIMO Systems With Decision Feedback Detection2009In: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, ISSN 1053-587X, E-ISSN 1941-0476, Vol. 57, no 11, p. 4509-4521Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper considers the joint design of bit loading, precoding and receive filters for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system employing decision feedback (DF) detection at the receiver. Both the transmitter as well as the receiver are assumed to know the channel matrix perfectly. It is well known that, for linear MIMO transceivers, a diagonal transmission (i.e., orthogonalization of the channel matrix) is optimal for some criteria. Surprisingly, it was shown five years ago that for the family of Schur-convex functions an additional rotation of the symbols is necessary. However, if the bit loading is optimized jointly with the linear transceiver, then this rotation is unnecessary. Similarly, for DF MIMO optimized transceivers a rotation of the symbols is sometimes needed. The main result of this paper shows that for a DF MIMO transceiver where the bit loading is jointly optimized with the transceiver filters, the rotation of the symbols becomes unnecessary, and because of this, also the DF part of the receiver is not required. The proof is based on a relaxation of the available bit rates on the individual substreams to the set of positive real numbers. In practice, the signal constellations are discrete and the optimal relaxed bit loading has to be rounded. It is shown that the loss due to rounding is small, and an upper bound on the maximum loss is derived. Numerical results are presented that confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate that orthogonal transmission and the truly optimal DF design perform almost equally well.

  • 10.
    Bergman, Svante
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Palomar, Daniel P.
    Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Optimal Bit Loading for MIMO Systems with Decision Feedback Detection2009In: 2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE , 2009, p. 831-835Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper considers the joint design of bit loading, precoding and receive filters for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system employing decision feedback (DF) detection at the receiver. Both the transmitter as well as the receiver are assumed to know the channel matrix perfectly. It is well known that, for linear MIMO transceivers, a diagonal transmission (i.e., orthogonalization of the matrix channel) is optimal for some criteria. Surprisingly, it was shown five years ago that for the family of Schur-convex functions an additional rotation of the symbols is necessary. However, if the bit loading is optimized jointly with the linear transceiver, then the rotation is unnecessary. Similarly, for DF MIMO transceivers, a rotation of the symbols is sometimes needed. The main result of this paper shows that for a DF MIMO transceiver where the bit loading is jointly optimized with the transceiver filters, the rotation of the symbols becomes unnecessary and, consequently, also the DF part of the receiver is not required.

  • 11.
    Jaldén, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Bergman, Svante
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Zetterberg, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Werner, Karl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Cross layer implementation of a multi-user MIMO test-bed2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes an implementation of a realtime multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication system, with cross-layer channel-aware scheduling. The system is implemented using software reconfigurable nodes that may be configured as either user terminals, or as base stations, communicating in the GSM 1800 uplink band. Three different commonly used scheduling algorithms (based on channel state information fed back by the receiver nodes) are studied and compared experimentally for three different signal to noise ratios in an indoor non line of sight environment. It is shown that channel-aware scheduling increases not only the system throughput, but also the fairness. Further, using the possibility of changing antenna polarization through software controlled switches, the multiuser gains may be increased even further, both in total throughput as well as fairness.

  • 12.
    Järmyr, Simon
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Bergman, Svante
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Long-term adaptive precoding for decision feedback equalization2008In: 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE , 2008, p. 2897-2900Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider the communication of digital signals over a multiple-input multiple-output wireless channel, using a linear precoder at the transmitter and a non-linear decision feedback equalizer at the receiver. This receiver structure can exploit the signal constellation properties by using successive quantization and interference cancellation. Recently, optimal precoder designs have been found for a wide range of performance measures assuming that perfect channel-state information (CSI) is available. Herein, we propose a design taking CSI uncertainty into account by utilizing the first and second order statistics of the channel. The resulting precoder exhibits improved performance compared to similar methods based on long-term statistics.

  • 13.
    Martin, Cristoff
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Bergman, Svante
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Simple spatial multiplexing based on imperfect channel estimates2004In: 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL IV, PROCEEDINGS - AUDIO AND ELECTROACOUSTICS SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2004, p. 713-716Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Techniques for communication over flat multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) channels are well established when either perfect channel state information or no channel state information is available at the transmitter. However, communication over channels where the transmitter has access to partial or imperfect information has received less attention. If exploited, such information could improve system performance. In this paper, we propose a simple system design scheme, that approximately maximizes the data rates of MIMO communication systems where imperfect channel estimates are available at the transmitter. The algorithm is computationally attractive and by taking the uncertainty of the channel estimates into account in the design gains compared with systems not exploiting this information can be demonstrated.

  • 14.
    Martin, Cristoff
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Bergman, Svante
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Signals, Sensors and Systems.
    Spatial loading based on channel covariance feedback and channel estimates2004In: Proceedings European Signal Processing Conference, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Techniques for communication over flat multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) channels are well established when either perfect channel state information or no channel state information is available at the transmitter. However, communication over channels where the transmitter has access to partial or imperfect information has received less attention. If explored, such information could improve system performance and reduce the demand on feedback channels or the quality of channel estimates. In this paper, a simple design scheme is introduced, that approximately maximizes the data rates of MIMO communication systems where the transmiter have access to partial channel state information in the form of covariance feedback or erroneous channel estimates. The presented algorithm is computationally attractive and gains compared with systems not exploring this information are demonstrated.

1 - 14 of 14
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