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  • 1.
    Ankre, Rosemarie
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Lindhagen, Anders
    SLU Uppsala.
    Att mäta friluftsliv2014In: Friluftsliv i Förändring: Studier från svenska upplevelselandskap / [ed] Peter Fredman, Marie Stenseke och Klas Sandell, Stockholm: Carlsson Bokförlag, 2014, 1, p. 102-118Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Ankre, Rosemarie
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Lindhagen, Anders
    SLU .
    Att mäta friluftsliv – Erfarenheter från besöksräkningar och besökarstudier2013In: Friluftsliv i förändring. Resultat från ett forskningsprogram. Slutrapport, Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket, 2013, p. 97-114Chapter in book (Other academic)
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  • 3.
    Ankre, Rosemarie
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Lindhagen, Anders
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SPM Box 7008, Vallvägen 9A, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Managers' experiences of visitor monitoring in Swedish outdoor recreational areas2016In: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Research Planning and Management, ISSN 2213-0780, Vol. 14, p. 35-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Systematically collected information on outdoor recreation participation, motives and behaviors can improve recreation opportunities and reduce the risk of user conflicts. There are many uses of this type of information for managers of recreational areas including analyses of environmental, social and economic impacts, development of infrastructure, and marketing to appropriate audiences. One key component in building this knowledge is the application of visitor monitoring. This study takes an exploratory approach by analyzing managers' experiences on different on-site monitoring methods at 12 recreational areas in Sweden. Results show that knowledge of these methods and their use are strongly linked to individual managers' skills and competence. Contemporary changes in recreation behavior calls for more innovative monitoring approaches, but managers included in this study primarily work with rather traditional methods, which is likely representative of the overall situation in Sweden. Networking, educational programs and closer collaborations with universities could facilitate some of the challenges identified.

    Management implications

    ● The study showed the relevance of improved visitor monitoring practices, and tailor-made monitoring guidelines, based on actual use and experience-based data.

    ● Adequate visitor monitoring practices:- help to better incorporate recreation activities and values in natural resource management decisions,

    ● increase the awareness of possible conflicts between recreational and other resource users,

    ● show the possible need for increased management capacity, additional training or new ways of visitor management and provide a better foundation for decision making.

  • 4.
    Ankre, Rosemarie
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Lindhagen, Anders
    SLU.
    Visitor monitoring from a manager perspective - Experiences from Sweden2012In: 6th International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors in Recreational and Protected Areas: Outdoor Recreation in Change - Current Knowledge and Future Challenges Stockholm, Sweden, August 21-24, 2012 / [ed] Peter Fredman, Marie Stenseke, Hanna Liljendahl, Anders Mossing and Daniel Laven, 2012, p. 26-27Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Boman, M.
    et al.
    Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Lundmark, L.
    Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
    Ericsson, G.
    Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden .
    Outdoor recreation - A necessity or a luxury?: Estimation of Engel curves for Sweden2013In: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, ISSN 2213-0780, Vol. 3-4, p. 49-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Income constitutes one important constraint for the degree of participation in outdoor recreation. The effect of this constraint can be measured by the income elasticity of outdoor recreation demand, which is of policy interest when the distribution of recreation opportunities across socioeconomic groups is a concern. This study investigated income elasticity of expenditures for three types of outdoor recreation in Sweden, at the individual level: outdoor recreation as an aggregated composite good, outdoor recreation close to home (less than 100 km away from the permanent residence), and hunting. The findings indicated that outdoor recreation as a composite is a luxury good with elasticity in excess of unity (i.e. a relative increase in income will lead to a greater relative increase in demand). The elasticities of the specific activities were found to be lower. Outdoor recreation close to home was characterized as a necessity with elasticity less than unity (i.e. a relative increase in income will lead to a smaller relative increase in demand). The results further suggested that an increase in income could lead to either a decrease or an increase in the demand for hunting, indicating that hunting might be an inferior good or possibly a necessity. Management implications Based on data from national surveys in Sweden, this paper explores the relationship between income and demand for different types of outdoor recreation activities. The analysis reveals that: The total demand for outdoor recreation opportunities can be expected to increase with increasing income levels in society. An increase in total demand does, however, not imply that demand for all types of outdoor recreation will increase simultaneously.The relationship between income and outdoor recreation demand differs among various types of recreation activities. Outdoor recreation close to home and hunting provided two examples of such diverging patterns in this paper. This, in turn, leads to different policy implications.Policy measures should, therefore, be adapted to the specific type of outdoor recreation under consideration.Managers need to be aware of the underlying factors affecting demand, such as socioeconomic characteristics, substitutability, motivations and different types of constraints.Future analysis should consider also the following factors potentially affecting outdoor recreation demand:- The distinction between recreation enjoyed during overnight trips (i.e. tourism related), as opposed to day based recreation activities where income may be less important.- The time available for outdoor recreation and the family situation.- Recreational activities must be regarded within the regulatory national framework. For example hunting in Sweden is guided by bag limits, reduced mobility because of limited access to specific hunting grounds, and specific national management of hunting opportunities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

  • 6. Carlbring, Örjan
    et al.
    Fredman, PeterMid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Konferens och mötesplats för Natur- och kulturturism: Skydd av natur och kultur - död hand eller lönsam upplevelseindustri? Turistföretagande i natur- och kulturmiljöer - en framtidsbransch? 12-13 november 2003, Campus, Mitthögskolan, Östersund2004Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här publikationen är en dokumentation från en konferens i Östersund om natur- och kulturturism.

    Konferensens hade två huvudteman: Skydd av natur och kultur - död hand eller lönsam upplevelseindustri? Turistföretagande i natur- och kulturmiljöer - en framtidsbransch?

    Här är några av programpunkterna:- Nya naturvårdspolitiken - bevarande genom nyttjande   - Funky history - i Arns fotspår   - Turism - ett sätt att förmedla kulturarvet   - Militära skyddsområden - turistiska råvaror för skärgården?   - Världsarvet Birka - en balansgång mellan bevarande och exploatering   - Betala för rekreation i naturen - förutsättningar och lösningar   - Rovdjursturism - en tillgång!   - Kom och köp samisk kultur!   - Skogsturismen går att utveckla

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  • 7. Dybsand, Hilde Nikoline Hambro
    et al.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    The Provision Of Sustainable Wildlife Experiences: The role of the wildlife watching tourism guides2023In: The Routledge Handbook of Nature based Tourism Development, Informa UK Limited , 2023, p. 201-214Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Wildlife watching tourism is an increasingly important niche within nature-based tourism. As this niche continues to grow, care must be taken how tourists interact with the natural environment. One way to manage such interactions is through high-quality guiding, which has been acknowledged as a key element of wildlife watching tourism. The guide’s role was first conceptualized by Cohen (1985), who divided it into the instrumental, social, interactional, and communicative components. While several studies adopt Cohen’s framework, it is also argued that there are elements to nature guiding which are not fully covered (Randall & Rollins, 2009). In this chapter, we investigate the guide’s role in the context of wildlife watching tourism, using Cohen’s framework as a starting point. We compare musk ox safaris in Dovrefjell, Norway to Polar Bear tourism activities in Svalbard, Norway and Churchill, Canada using data from travel party interviews, participant observations and content analysis of online reviews. Findings reveal two additional components to guiding wildlife experiences: The uncertainty component and the encounter component. Based on these findings, we suggest an expanded model of the guide’s role when guiding wildlife watching tourism activities. 

  • 8.
    Ehrnerfeldt-Burman, Lena
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Fredman, PeterMid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.Sandell, KlasKarlstads universitet.
    Friluftsforskning 2008. Sammanfattning av presentationer vid konferensen Friluftsforskning 2008 den 12-13 november vid Karlstads universitet2008Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Välkommen till Friluftsforskning 2008 - en kreativ mötesplats om aktuell forskning kring friluftsliv vid Karlstads universitet den 12-13 november, 2008. Friluftsforskning 2008 är ett forum för dialog och samverkan kring aktuell forskning om friluftsliv och naturturism. Konferensen vänder sig till såväl akademiker som praktiker med intresse för forskning och utveckling inom dessa områden. I programmet till friluftsforskning 2008 finner du närmare 50 föredrag från Sverige Norge, Danmark och Finland, fördelade på 12 sessioner som handlar om… Friluftsliv och etnicitet Pedagogiska naturmöten och miljöengagemang Friluftslivets ekonomiska värden Friluftsstatistik och besökarstudier (nya aktiviteter och trender) Naturturism och regional utveckling Planering för friluftsliv och naturturism Friluftsliv och biologisk mångfald Utvecklingsarbete inom friluftsliv och naturvägledning I denna rapport har vi samlat sammanfattningarna till samtliga föredrag för att på översiktligt och lättillgängligt sätt förmedla kunskap från konferensen. Det ligger i sakens natur att en forskningskonferens fångar upp och förmedlar pågående och aktuellt arbete som ännu inte blivit publicerat på annat sätt. I anslutning till respektive sammanfattning finns därför kontaktinformation till presentatören för möjligheten att få en direkt och mer fördjupad dialog kring det aktuella arbetet. Samtliga texter i denna rapport har granskats och godkänts av forskare i Friluftsliv i förändring. Friluftsliv i förändring är ett forskningsprogram med uppgift att skapa och kommunicera forskningsbaserad kunskap om friluftsliv och naturturism i Sverige. Programmet, som finansieras av Naturvårdsverket, omfattar ca 15 forskare vid sju olika universitet och högskolor runt om i Sverige. Information om vår verksamhet finner du hemsidan www.friluftsforskning.se

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  • 9.
    Emmelin, Lars
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Sandell, Klas
    Planering och förvaltning för friluftsliv: En forskningsöversikt2005Report (Other academic)
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  • 10.
    Emmelin, Lars
    et al.
    Blekinge Tekniska Högskola.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Sandell, Klas
    Karlstads universitet.
    Lisberg Jensen, Ebba
    Malmö Högskola.
    Planera för friluftsliv: Natur samhälle upplevelser2010 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Planera för friluftsliv är en lärobok för eftergymnasiala utbildningar som baseras på aktuell forskning kring friluftsliv och naturturism. Här kan du läsa om motiv till, och hinder för friluftsliv, om friluftslivets historia, om ekonomiska aspekter på friluftsliv och naturturism, om hur man planerar för att tillgodose olika gruppers behov, och om hur man förvaltar och utvecklar områden för friluftsliv — och inte minst om alla idéer som finns kring detta — och mycket mer. Peter Fredman har författat boken tillsammans med Lars Emmelin, Ebba Lisberg-Jensen och Klas Sandell.

  • 11. Fossgard, Knut
    et al.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    The nature-based tourism product2021In: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism: From Place-based Resources to Value-added Experiences, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, p. 208-221Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nature-based tourism products are complex constructs delivered to satisfy increasingly diverse expectations from nature-based tourists. This is typically done by offering a mix of products and services related to the tourists’ participation in various outdoor activities. This chapter provides a discussion about the nature-based tourism product from a supply perspective based on previous product models and data from interviews with tourism providers in Norway. We propose a two-layer model where the core includes primary experiences, which together with the place, the activity and the provider’s dedication form the product foundation. Combined with the value-generating elements in the outer layer, this model provides an approach to better understand the value-adding experiences upon which the nature-based tourism product depends. 

  • 12.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    A test of different moderating effects between tourist’s satisfaction and destination imageManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Biosfärsområden: Några reflektioner utifrån ett turistiskt perspektiv2003In: Biosfärområden i Sverige?: ett koncept och en kontext : arbetsrapport från en workshop i Mattila, Värmland 14-15 november 2002, Karlstad: Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap , 2003, p. 63-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Determinants of Visitor Expenditures in Mountain Tourism2008In: Tourism economics, ISSN 1354-8166, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 297-311Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, determinants of expenditures are estimated for downhill skiers, backpackers, snowmobilers and general visitors to the Swedish mountain region. The study is based on a national sample of mountain visitors. It is shown that duration of stay, household income, choice of activity, occupation, participation in an organized trip and choice of accommodation have an effect on expenditures at the destination, while gender, mode of travel, distance and 'significance of activity' are additional determinants of expenditures outside the destination. The study will contribute to our understanding of the economic values associated with the future development of mountain tourism, including values beyond primary expenditures.

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  • 15. Fredman, Peter
    Environmental valuation and policy: applications in the management of endangered species, recreation, and tourism2000Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Finansiering av leder: En översikt med särskilt fokus på fjällen2018Report (Other academic)
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  • 17.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Forskning kring svensk fjällturism: Fler turister i söder, ökad motorisering och konflikter mellan snöskoteråkare och turskidåkare.2002In: Tidsskriftet Utmark, E-ISSN 1502-3532, Vol. 3, no 3Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna artikel sammanfattar resultat från tre olika studier av fjällturismen i Sverige; dels två nationella kartläggningar av svenskarnas resande till fjällen, dels en studie i södra Jämtlandsfjällen kring konflikten mellan snöskoteråkare och turskidåkare. Studierna har finansierats genom forskningsprogrammet Fjällmistra och utförts av tursimforskningsinstitutet ETOUR i Östersund

  • 18.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Kan hela Sverige leva av naturturism?2008In: Ska hela Sverige leva?, Stockholm: Formas , 2008, p. 207-216Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Mer friluftsliv - varför inte?2009In: Friluftsforskning 2009: Sammanfattning av presentationer vid konferensen Friluftsforskning 2009 den 18-19:e november vid Mittuniversitetet, campus Östersund / [ed] Anders Mossing & Peter Fredman, Östersund: Mittuniversitetet. ETOUR , 2009, p. 17-17Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Modeling Visitor Expenditures at Fulufjället National Park, Sweden2006In: Exploring the nature of management: proceedings of the third international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas, Rapperswil: Research Centre for Leisure , 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Monitoring Outdoor Recreation in the Nordic and Baltic Countries2006Report (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    National Park Designation: Visitor Flows and Tourism Impact2004In: Policies, methods and tools for visitor management: proceedings of the Second International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas, June 16-20, 2004, Rovaniemi, Finland, Helsinki: Finnish Forest Research Institute , 2004, p. 369-375Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    National parks around the world are increasingly attracting visitors to experience pristine and unique natural environments. While increases in national park tourism provides business opportunities both in the parks and in adjacent communities, there are several economic, social and ecological aspects that need to be monitored in order to sustain high quality visitor experiences. Increases in visitation may cause negative impacts on the environment, conflicts between different user groups or within groups. At the same time, data on visitor numbers, distribution and attitudes is needed in order to design efficient management strategies and provide appropriate recreation opportunities. This paper reports preliminary findings from two different surveys of visitors to Fulufjället National Park in Sweden � one year before and one year after national park designation respectively. Both surveys used on site counters and self registration boxes to collect visitor data. Follow-up mail questionnaires were sent to a sample of Swedish and German visitors. The survey of 2001 (one year before national park designation) collected data on visitor numbers, nationalities, demographics, trip characteristics, crowding, willingness to pay, attitudes towards management actions and tourism development etc. The purpose of the 2003 survey (one year after national park designation) was to monitor possible short term changes in some of these parameters as a consequence of the national park designation in 2002. In addition, the 2003 survey was designed to estimate the regional economic impact of the park. Data from the two surveys are compared and the results are discussed from both a methodological and an impact perspective.

  • 23.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Njupeskärs vattenfall drar flest besökare: Bra skötsel bygger på kunskap2003In: Fjällfokus, ISSN 1653-4700, Vol. 9, p. 6-7Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Perceived crowding and visitor satisfaction in Fulufjället national park, Sweden2004In: Global challenges of parks and protected area management: proceedings of the 9th ISSRM October 10-13, 2002 La Maddalena, Sardinia, Italy, Sassari: Delfino , 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Place or Activity? Commitments to Place and Activity among Swedish Mountain and non-mountain skiers, hikers and snowmobilers.: Presentation at the 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA, June 2-5 20022002Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Responses to User fees amongst Swedish Mountain visitors and the Role of Place Attachement.: Presentation at the pth International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA, June 2-5, 20022002Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Skogens upplevelsevärden2022In: Skogens värden: forskares reflektioner / [ed] Catrin Johansson, Hans-Erik Nilsson, Peter Öhman, Bengt-Gunnar Jonsson, Birgitta Engberg, Oskar Englund, Per Simonsson och Inger Axbrink, Sundsvall: Mittuniversitetet , 2022, p. 72-73Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Toward Indicators of Nature-based Recreation in Sweden2014In: Proceedings, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Fredman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Values of mountain tourism: economic benefits across visitor segments in Femundsmarka, Rogen and Långfjället1999Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    I denna studie presenteras fjällturisters ekonomiska värdering av sin resa, samt förändringar i värderingen då förvaltningen av det besökta området ändras. Studien bygger på en indelning av besökarna i tre grupper efter en puristskala baserad på attityder till vildmarksupplevelser, förvaltning av vildmarksområden samt mänsklig påverkan i naturområden.

     

    Data insamlades genom en postenkät till svenska turister i fjällområdet Rogen-Långfjället-Femundsmarka i norra Dalarna, södra Härjedalen samt delar av Hedmark fylke i Norge. Den förväntade betalningsviljan per besökare i området uppskattas 1756 kronor, varav cirka en tredjedel utgör ett konsumentöverskott. Betalningsviljan skiljer sig mellan de tre grupperna, både för besöket som helhet och för olika förändringar i områdets förvaltning. Studien visar att en mer differentierad förvaltning av området ökar turisternas sammanlagda betalningsvilja med cirka en miljon kronor. Studien innehåller också en diskussion kring förvaltning av vildmarksområden samt utveckling av den puristskala som här används.

  • 30.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Ankre, Rosemarie
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Chekalina, Tatiana
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Friluftsliv 2018: Nationell undersökning av svenska folkets friluftsvanor2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Rapporten redovisar en nationell enkätundersökning över svenskarnas friluftslivår 2018. Friluftsliv i olika former är en populär fritidssysselsättningbland svenskarna, vilken kan beskrivas som ”vistelse utomhus i natur- ellerkulturlandskapet för välbefinnande och naturupplevelser utan krav på tävling”.Målet för den av riksdagen antagna friluftspolitiken är att stödja människorsmöjligheter att vistas ute i naturen och utöva friluftsliv där allemansrätten ären grund för friluftslivet. Åtta av Sveriges 16 miljömål innehåller också preciseringarsom berör friluftsliv. Dagens friluftsliv har dessutom nära kopplingartill en växande naturturism. Syftet med undersökningen är att ge ett bra underlag för uppföljningar avfriluftsmålen och friluftslivet i miljömålen. Detta sker genom att dels redovisastatus för friluftslivet i Sverige år 2018, dels genom att visa på förändringarsedan år 2007. Ytterligare ett viktigt syfte är att erhålla data över friluftslivbåde nationellt och i respektive län, för att på så sätt få ett underlag till analyserav friluftslivet på olika geografiska nivåer. Undersökningen genomfördes i form av en postal enkätundersökningriktad till personer bosatta i Sverige i åldern 16 år och äldre under periodenseptember – november 2018. Mittuniversitetet utformade frågorna i samrådmed Naturvårdsverket och i dialog med andra myndigheter som ingår i nätverketför friluftsliv. Datainsamlingen genomfördes av Statistiska centralbyrån(SCB) och rapporten är framtagen av Mittuniversitetet på uppdragav Naturvårdsverket.

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  • 31.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Boman, Mattias
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
    Lundmark, Linda
    Umeå universitet.
    Mattsson, Leif
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
    Friluftslivets ekonomiska värden: En översikt2008Report (Other academic)
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  • 32.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Boman, Mattias
    Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 49, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
    Lundmark, Linda
    Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
    Mattsson, Leif
    Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 49, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
    Research note: Economic values in the Swedish nature-based recreation sector - a synthesis2012In: Tourism Economics, ISSN 1354-8166, E-ISSN 2044-0375, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 903-910Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This research synthesis reports the main findings from a review of economic values associated with nature-based recreation in Sweden. The purpose of the work was to support policy and to identify areas for future research. Data came from over 150 scientific publications and other public sources. The authors find inter alia a lack of systematic data for several recreation activities (including nature-based tourism), a significant growth in the outdoor equipment industry and a relatively modest economic involvement by the public sector. The information is structured under different categories to illustrate the significance and range of different economic values. The authors conclude that there is a need for more comprehensive and systematically collected data, methodological development and interdisciplinary research.

  • 33.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Chekalina, Tatiana
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Winter recreation trends in the Swedish mountains - challenges and opportunities2019In: Winter tourism: Trends and challenges / [ed] Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider, Harold Richins, Stefan Türk, CABI Publishing, 2019, p. 183-191Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter aims is to review trends in some of the main winter recreation activities in the Swedish mountains in order to discuss associated challenges and opportunities through the lens of such mega trends. To do so, it takes advantage of previous studies of mountain recreation in Sweden and analyses participation trends with a special focus on downhill skiing, cross-country skiing and snowmobiling.

  • 34.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Gössling, Stefan
    Department of Service Management, Lund University, Box 882, 25108 Helsingborg, Sweden.
    Hultman, Johan
    Department of Service Management, Lund University, Box 882, 25108 Helsingborg, Sweden.
    Where Holidays Come Naturally2006In: Ecotourism in Scandinavia: Lessons in Theory and Practice, Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2006, p. 23-37Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hansson, A
    Besökaren i nationalparken.: Stillhet och vacker natur lockar flest2003In: Dokumentation av de svenska nationalparkerna, Nr 14: Tio år med Tyresta nationalpark en unik förvaltningsmodell, Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket , 2003, p. 87-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hansson, Anna
    Besökare i Tyresta nationalpark.2003Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 37.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    Haukeland, Jan Vidar
    Introduction2021In: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism: From Place-based Resources to Value-added Experiences, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, p. xiii-xxvChapter in book (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    Haukeland, Jan Vidar
    Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism: From Place-based Resources to Value-added Experiences2021Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nature-based tourism (NBT) is a sector where entrepreneurial success is highly knowledge driven. This insightful book offers a comprehensive evaluation of NBT in a Nordic context, highlighting how long-established Nordic traditions of outdoor recreation practices can reveal lessons for the field more broadly. Chapters explore Nordic and international perspectives, local communities, market dynamics, firms, creativity, innovations and value-added experience products. 

  • 39.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    Haukeland, Jan Vidar
    Institute of Transport Economics (TOI) in Oslo, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    Tyrväinen, Liisa
    Natural Resources Institute, Finland.
    Stensland, Stian
    Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
    Wall-Reinius, Sandra
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Nature-based tourism in a Nordic context2021In: Nature-based Tourism: From Place-based Resources to Value-added Experiences / [ed] Fredman, P. & Haukeland, J.V., Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021, p. 2-15Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this chapter, we describe the Nordic region as a tourist destination primarily illustrated with examples from Norway, Sweden and Finland. The east–west and north–south gradients of these countries capture many of the special features of nature-based tourism in the Nordic region. In the context of tourism, it makes sense to speak in terms of a destination rather than a region, being a key concept of institutionalized tourism. However, regardless if one takes an economic geography, marketing management, customer, or cultural oriented approach (Saraniemi and Kylänen, 2011), we believe the Nordic region has much in common also as a tourist destination. We also argue there is a common understanding of what nature-based tourism is among the Nordic countries, which can be expressed as human activities occurring when visiting nature areas outside the ordinary neighborhood, or put differently, where the key attraction factor is nature and key activities are based on the nature environment (Koivula and Saastamoinen, 2005). For a more in-depth discussion about definitions of nature-based tourism we refer to the Introduction to this volume. 

  • 40.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Heberlein, Thomas
    Changes in Skiing and Snowmobiling in Swedish Mountains2003In: Annals of Tourism Research, ISSN 0160-7383, E-ISSN 1873-7722, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 485-488Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This research note examines the changes in mountain tourism in Sweden during the last 20 years (1980-2000), asking in which areas mountain tourism is increasing or decreasing, what the changes in different activity participation rates are, and what might account for those changes. It is indicated that the southern-most county of the mountain region (Dalarna) had become the most popular location by the late 1990s. The increasing visits to this area close to the Swedish population centres may be related to the occurrence of shorter vacations and increased demand on people's time. Not only the geography of mountain visits is changing, but activities are changing as well. Downhill skiing (including snowboarding) had increased from 22% in the 1980s to 36% in the 1990s, while snowmobiling had increased from 9% in the 1980s to 16% in the 1990s.

  • 41.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Heberlein, Thomas
    Mountain Tourism in Northern Europé: Current Patterns and Recent Trends2005In: Mountains of Northern Europe: Conservation, management, people and nature, Edinburgh: Stationary Office , 2005, p. 396-Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In many parts of the Northern European mountain regions economies have been heavily dependent on extractive industries. But with logging, farming, mining and fishing declining in labour needs, tourism often takes on a new meaning for such communities. Today tourism has become an important mean of potential economic and social development, while there are also concerns about the environmental impacts of tourism. To understand the complex social and natural systems that many mountain regions feature one must first describe its components, but there is often a lack of comprehensive data about tourism and recreation. This paper will focus on recreation patterns and trends in mountain tourism in Sweden for the last 20 years, with comparisons to other mountain regions of Northern Europe. In Sweden, mountain tourism has both increased and moved south, closer to the large urban regions. Much of the increase is ascribed to a growth in mechanized winter activities such as snowmobiling and downhill skiing. Traditional mountain outdoor activities like hiking and cross-country skiing has been stable or declining over time. Similar patterns of change are found in Finland, Norway and Iceland. In the analysis, both societal changes and activity-specific changes are used to explain these changes in mountain tourism.

  • 42.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Heberlein, Thomas
    Trender I Svensk fjällturism 1980- 20002003In: Svensk turismforskning: En tvärvetenskaplig antologi om turister, turistdestinationer och turistorganisationer, Östersund: European Tourism Research Institute (ETOUR) , 2003, p. 404-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Heberlein, Thomas
    Visits to the Swedish mountains: Constraints and motivations2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, ISSN 1502-2269, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 177-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines the joint role of constraints (structural, intrapersonal, and interpersonal) and motivations (place attachment and activity commitment) to understand why people visit the Swedish mountains. A national survey of the Swedish population shows that income and distance act as constraints to mountain visits, but that place attachment plays a stronger role than constraints. We argue that motivation should be more explicitly taken into account in constraints studies. Participating friends, perceived self-skill and activity commitment are important for downhill skiers but not so much for backpackers. Like several other constraint studies, we find that those who are most active in visiting other places and participating in other leisure activities are most likely to visit the mountains. Rather than acting as a constraint, participation in one leisure sector is associated with participation in another sector. We believe this reflects a sort of recreational career and should be considered in future research. We also discuss the results of this study with regard to the future development of tourism in the Swedish mountain region.

  • 44.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Heberlein, Thomas A.
    Mountain Tourism in Northern Europe: Current Patterns and Recent Trends2003In: Mountains of Northern Europe: Conservation, Management, People and Nature, Edingburgh: Stationary Office , 2003, p. 203-212Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Heberlein, Thomas A
    Svensk fjällturism2001Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Att det är hälsosamt och stärkande i fjällen har vi fått lära oss. Men hur många är det egentligen som låter sin kropp och själ stärkas i vår fjällhöga nord? Och vad gör vi under våra fjällsemestrar? Hur ser trenderna ut? Om detta handlar den populärvetenskapliga skriften "Svensk fjällturism".

    Peter Fredman, forskningsledare vid ETOUR och Thomas A. Heberlein, professor vid University of Wisconsin, Madison har studerat svenskarnas turistande i fjällregionen.

    Det visar sig att en fjärdedel av svenska befolkningen (15-70 år) besöker fjällen varje år. Det motsvarar drygt 1,4 miljoner individer. Fjällen är uppenbarligen en turistdestination att räkna med.

    Skriften beskriver hur fjällturismen i Sverige ser ut idag och jämför med hur den såg ut för 20 år sedan. Det visar sig att fjällturismen har ökat under dessa år, speciellt i Dalafjällen. Man kan säga att fjällturismen har förskjutits söderut. Det kan bero på att de flesta turisterna besöker fjällen under vinterhalvåret och de största skidanläggningarna finns i Dalarna och Jämtland. Dessutom är kommunikationerna från Stockholmområdet (där var fjärde fjällturist kommer ifrån) goda.

    I skriften "Svensk fjällturism" kan du finna värdefull kunskap om svenskarnas turistande i fjällregionen. Du får fakta om vem som besöker fjällen, när de besöker fjällen och vilka aktiviteter de utför under sin fjällvistelse.

  • 46.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Tourism Studies and Geography.
    Hedblom, Marcus
    Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet.
    Friluftsliv 2014: Nationell undersökning om svenska folkets friluftsvanor2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från en nationell enkätundersökning avseende svenskarnas friluftsvanor år 2014 (december 2013 till november 2014). Enkäten utgör en viktig del i arbetet med uppföljning av friluftsliv i miljömålssystemet samt målen för friluftspolitiken (se Naturvårdsverket, 2014). Undersökningen genomfördes som en elektronisk panelundersökning (8410 intervjuer med personer bosatta i Sverige i åldersintervallet 16-84 år) och utfördes av Mittuniversitetet (i samarbete med undersökningsföretaget Norstat) på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Resultaten redovisas i fyra delar som omfattar (i) friluftslivet enligt nyckelbegreppen (utövande av friluftsliv, deltagande i friluftsaktiviteter, värna och bibehålla värden för friluftslivet, tillgänglighet och buller), (ii) friluftslivet hos olika grupper, (iii) friluftslivet i miljökvalitetsmålen, samt (iv) friluftslivets förändring över tid. Från undersökningen kan bland annat noteras;

     

    - att 83 procent är ute i naturen ”ganska eller mycket ofta” på längre ledigheter, 60 procent på helger och 51 procent på vardagar

     

    - att nöjes- och motionspromenader, vistelser i skog och mark och trädgårdsarbete är de vanligaste friluftsaktiviteterna (bad är populärast på sommaren medan kälkåkning, tur- och längdskidor är populäras på vintern)

     

    - att lövskogar är den naturtyp som uppskattas mest att utöva friluftsliv i, följt av barrskogar, fjäll, odlingslandskapet och myrar (äldre skogar är betydligt mer attraktiva än ungskog och kalhyggen)

     

    - att över hälften av de svarande i hög grad haft upplevelser av trygghet, återhämtning och en naturpräglad miljö vid det senaste friluftstillfället

     

    - att nästan hälften av de svarande i någon grad upplever brist på lämpliga platser eller områden för att ägna sig åt friluftsaktiviteter i den utsträckning man önskar

     

    - att friluftsliv till havs, i skärgård eller till fjälls ofta sker långt från hemmet

     

    - att ca 30 procent har upplevt någon grad av buller vid senaste friluftstillfället (främst från trafik, vägar och flyg)

     

    - att på vardagar är kvinnor ute oftare i naturen än män, äldre personer är ute oftare än yngre, personer bosatta på landsbygden är ute oftare än personer i storstäder, personer utan hemmavarande barn under 18 år är ute oftare än personer med barn i samma ålder, och personer som vuxit upp i Europa är ute oftare i naturen än personer som själva, eller vars far eller mor, växt upp utanför Europa

     

    - att brist på tid är det vanligaste hindret för utövande av friluftsaktiviteter (andra vanliga hinder är att man saknar någon att utöva aktiviteten med, att man saknar lämpliga områden eller familjesituationen)

     

    - att yngre personer har sämre kunskaper om allemansrätten jämfört med äldre personer

     

    - att andelen svenskar som är ute i naturen ”mycket ofta” har minskat sedan år 2007

     

    - att andelen svenskar som ”strövar i skog och mark” minst en gång per år ligger relativt stabilt mellan 70 och 80 procent sedan 1970-talet (tendens till minskning)

     

    - att andelen svenskar som ”motionerat” utomhus har ökat kraftigt sedan början av 1980-talet

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    fulltext
  • 47.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hörnsten Friberg, Lisa
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Emmelin, Lars
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Friluftsliv och turism i Fulufjället - Före-efter nationalparksbildningen: Dokumentation av de svenska nationalparkerna nr 182005Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Fulufjället i nordvästra Dalarna Sveriges 28:e nationalpark. Här finns höga naturvärden, ett rikt djurliv och landets högsta vattenfall – Njupeskär – som är ett populärt besöksmål.

    Fulufjällets nationalpark representerar ett nytänkande i svensk nationalparksförvaltning. Området har delats in i fyra olika ”upplevelsezoner”, friluftslivet och turismen har utvecklats både i och runt nationalparken och en omfattande besökarstudie har genomförts.

    Den här boken redovisar metoder och resultat från besökarstudien i Fulufjället. Studien består av två delar. Den första genomfördes 2001, året innan området blev nationalpark, den andra 2003, året efter national-parkens tillkomst. Studien är den första av sitt slag i Sverige.

    Boken ger också kunskap om turism och friluftsliv i skyddad natur, om planering för besökare, och om metoder att mäta besökare i naturen.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 48.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hörnsten Friberg, Lisa
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Emmelin, Lars
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Increased Visitation from National Park Designation2007In: Current Issues in Tourism, ISSN 1368-3500, E-ISSN 1747-7603, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 87-95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many national parks around the world are major tourist attractions. While increases in national park tourism provides business opportunities, there are several economic, social and ecological aspects that need to be monitored in order to sustain high quality visitor experiences. This paper reports findings from visitor surveys at Fulufjället National Park, Sweden-one year prior to and one year after the national park designation in 2002. The purpose is to monitor short term changes in park use. Data from on site visitor counters show a 40% increase in the number of visitors, while follow-up mail surveys reveal several changes in visitor characteristics, use patterns, expenditures and attitudes.

  • 49.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hörnsten Friberg, Lisa
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Emmelin, Lars
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Visitor Surveys at Fulufjället: Before and After National park Establishment2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport ger en introduktion till förvaltning för besökare i naturskyddade områden, som

    även omfattar modeller för besöksplanering och besökarstudier. Det är en reviderad engelsk

    översättning av delar av rapporten: Fredman, P., Hörnsten Friberg, L. & Emmelin, L. 2005.

    Friluftsliv och turism i Fulufjället. Före - efter nationalparksbildningen. Naturvårdsverket,

    rapport 5467. Dokumentation av de svenska nationalparkerna, nr 18.

    Tonvikten ligger på metoder, men rapporten omfattar även en sammanfattning av resultaten

    från besökarstudierna i Fulufjällets Nationalpark före och efter nationalparksetableringen.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 50.
    Fredman, Peter
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Hörnsten, Lisa
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Social Sciences.
    Perceived crowding and visitor satisfaction in Fulufjäll national park, Sweden2003In: Forthcoming in proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, Sardinia, Italy, October 10-13, 2002., 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
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