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  • 1.
    Jonsson, Micael
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Burrows, Ryan M.
    Lidman, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Fältström, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Laudon, Hjalmar
    Sponseller, Ryan A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Land use influences macroinvertebrate community composition in boreal headwaters through altered stream conditions2017In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 46, no 3, p. 311-323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Land use is known to alter the nature of land-water interactions, but the potential effects of widespread forest management on headwaters in boreal regions remain poorly understood. We evaluated the importance of catchment land use, land cover, and local stream variables for macroinvertebrate community and functional trait diversity in 18 boreal headwater streams. Variation in macroinvertebrate metrics was often best explained by in-stream variables, primarily water chemistry (e.g. pH). However, variation in stream variables was, in turn, significantly associated with catchment-scale forestry land use. More specifically, streams running through catchments that were dominated by young (11-50 years) forests had higher pH, greater organic matter standing stock, higher abundance of aquatic moss, and the highest macroinvertebrate diversity, compared to streams running through recently clear-cut and old forests. This indicates that catchment-scale forest management can modify in-stream habitat conditions with effects on stream macroinvertebrate communities and that characteristics of younger forests may promote conditions that benefit headwater biodiversity.

  • 2.
    Lidman, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Hur påverkas bentiska funktionella födogrupper av kalavverkning?: Effekt på abundans, samt återhämning, av funktionella födogrupper efter kalavverkning kring små vattendrag.2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Forestry affects most of the forest-covered land in Sweden. In the landscape, the most common stream type is headwaters, which are important sites for many processes and organisms in both the terrestrial and the aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate how the abundance of benthic invertebrate functional feeding groups in headwater streams develops after clear-cutting and if it also is possible to detect a change in the composition of feeding groups. The study also attempts to determine what factors have an effect on temporal changes in abundance of these groups. For the study, 11 sites in northern Sweden were sampled for benthic invertebrates using a Surber-sampler, and for each site canopy-cover and pH was obtained. Further, the age of the surrounding forest at each was visually assessed and created a 100-year gradient along which temporal changes in abundance of the functional feeding groups were investigated. The results revealed that the total abundance of organisms was the highest short after clear-cutting and afterward decreased to the lowest level in streams with the highest age of surrounding forest. Significant results for the functional feeding groups were found for predators, shredders and scrapers, which also had the highest levels of abundance early after clear-cutting and thereafter decreased. The result shows that clear-cutting, not only changes the fundamental terrestrial conditions, but also has an impact on the abundance of different benthic functional feeding group.

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  • 3.
    Lidman, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Umeå univerity.
    Metals take flight: Transport and effects across ecosystems2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal contamination can have severe toxic effects in the ecosystems, resulting in loss of biodiversity, reduced abundance of organisms, and loss of ecosystem services. Traditionally, aquatic ecosystems have been regarded as a sink of metal contamination. However, lakes could also act as a source, as metals can be transported by emerging aquatic insects from the aquatic to the terrestrial ecosystem. The consequence of this transport for terrestrial organisms has previously gained little focus. In this thesis, I study metal contamination transport and toxic effects on metal exposed aquatic invertebrates and the terrestrial insectivorous bird, pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), in aquatic and terrestrial environments contaminated by metals from a closed lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) mine. Studied lakes adjacent to the mine all displayed elevated metal concentrations from the start of the mining operation, but with different temporal and spatial patterns with lakes used as part of the mining activity even more affected. Factors affecting metal toxicity, such as organic matter concentration in lakes, varied during the mining and post-mining period, indicating fluctuating toxicity despite similar metal concentrations. The contamination level and toxicity risk are still high 15 years after closure of the mine, but ecosystems are starting to recover. Despite high metal concentrations in lake water and sediment, no effect on invertebrate abundance or composition of aquatic invertebrates was observed. However, when focusing on metamorphosis, proportionally fewer insects emerged from more contaminated lakes. In contrast, in lab mesocosm was no effect on metamorphosis observed of non-biting midges (Chironomus riparus), although larval survival decreased, and emergence was delayed at higher metal concentrations in sediments. Emerging adult insects transported a significant amount of metals to terrestrial ecosystems, observed both in the lab and in the field. Emerging aquatic insect and ants were major dietary metal exposure routes for pied flycatcher’s nestlings. Thus, aquatic-derived metals can influence terrestrial consumers, especially in riparian zones of contaminated lakes where availability of aquatic insects is high. Increasing accumulation of Pb has been observed to reduce hemoglobin (Hb) levels in birds. Despite elevated Pb concentrations in nestling blood in contaminated environments, nestling Hb levels, used also as indicator of nestling health, was more affected by availability of different prey than Pb levels in the blood, where availability of aquatic insects and aerial terrestrial insect had positive impact on nestling health. Overall, this thesis show that metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems also influences terrestrial organisms by decreasing their food availability and increasing metal exposure via diets. Thus, potential effects on terrestrial systems should to larger extent be included when studying aquatic contaminants. Further, indirect effects and metal bioavailability could alter the toxic effects on metal-exposed organism and should be included to accurately estimate direct toxic effects. 

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  • 4.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Umeå univerity.
    Berglund, A. M. M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Delayed metamorphosis and increased metal flux from chironomids exposed to contaminated sedimentManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Aquatic insects have been regarded as insensitive to metal contamination, but those assessments have been based on short-term toxicity tests disregarding sensitive life-stages, such as metamorphosis. A hampered metamorphosis may also affect terrestrial ecosystems, via reduced insect emergence. It is thus important to perform relevant tests that includes sensitive life-stages, such as metamorphosis, to fully understand the toxic effects on aquatic insects and the potential cascading effects on terrestrial ecosystems. In this study we evaluated the impact of metal contamination on timing and success of adult insect emergence by exposing chironomid (Chironomus riparus) larvae to a gradient of Pb/Zn contaminated sediment. We also investigated sex-differences in accumulation pattern of metals. Fewer adults emerged from treatments with high metal exposure compared to reference treatments and the emergence was also delayed. However, metal contamination mostly affected the survival of insect larvae, and had limited effect on metamorphosis. Males accumulated slightly higher concentrations of Pb than females, but due to their smaller sizes the individual and total flux of Pb, but also Zn, was still higher from females. The total flux of Pb, but not Zn, to terrestrial ecosystems increased with higher sediment exposure. Thus, terrestrial insectivores will be subjected to different pollution regimes depending on sediment contamination patterns, experience reduced food availability and possibly a mismatch between food availability and dietary needs due to delayed emergence.

  • 5.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Berglund, A. M. M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Bigler, Christian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Olid, Carolina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Effect of recent mining activities on sediment properties and toxicity to freshwater organismsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The release of toxic metals from local mining activities often represents a serious environmental hazard, impacting nearby lake ecosystems and resulting in contamination that vary in both space and time. Here, we present dated (210Pb and 137Cs) sediment core results to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns in trace element deposition in lakes (two clearing ponds and one lake) located in the vicinity of a closed lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) mine in northern Sweden. All lakes displayed increased Pb and Zn concentrations after the mining operation started (1943), whereas the organic matter content declined. Lakes used as clearing ponds received higher inputs of Pb, with a sharp increase in Pb concentration occurring when tailing ponds were constructed (1952, 1965 and 1978, respectively) and a decline after the ceasing of the activities (2001). Zn concentrations increased gradually from the mining operation started to present time. The probable effect concentration quotient (PEC-Q) predicted severe toxic effects throughout the mining and post-mining period, but with spatial and temporal differences. Although PEC-Q decreased during post-mining conditions due to reduced Pb concentrations and increased organic matter inflow to the lakes, sediment Pb concentrations were still >10 times higher than during pre-mining conditions. Our results indicate a lake-specific recovery, with slower recovery in lakes used as clearing-ponds. This study highlights the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of local impact from mining activities, both in metal load and sediment properties, leading to lake-specific ecosystem responses and recovery to metal contamination.

  • 6.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Berglund, Åsa. M. M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    The effect of aquatic and terrestrial prey availability on metal accumulation in pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings2022In: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 209, article id 112779Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ingestion of contaminated prey is a major route for metal exposure in terrestrial insectivores. In terrestrial ecosystems adjacent to lakes and streams, emerging aquatic insects can transport metals, accumulated during their larval stage, from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. However, contaminant exposure via aquatic insects has often been ignored in terrestrial environments, despite such insects representing a substantial part of the diet for terrestrial insectivores living close to lakes and streams. In this study, we investigated how dietary lead (Pb) and calcium (Ca) exposure from different aquatic and terrestrial prey types affects Pb accumulation in pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings living close to a former Pb/zinc (Zn) mine in northern Sweden, which closed in 2001. Stable isotope analysis (δ 13C and δ15N) of nestling blood and different prey types was used to estimate nestlings' diet. Ants, Lepidoptera larvae and Trichoptera were the most common prey types in the nestlings’ diet, in which aquatic prey types (Trichoptera included) accounted for 2.0–96.4%. Ingestion of specific prey groups, such as aquatic insects and ants, were important for Pb accumulation in nestlings, and when access to aquatic prey was low, ants were the predominant source of Pb. The influence of dietary Ca on Pb accumulation was less consistent, but Ca availability was relatively high and often co-occurred with high Pb concentrations in invertebrates. The study shows that both the proportion of different prey and their individual metal concentrations need to be considered when estimating exposure risks for insectivores. Further, it highlights the need to account for metal exposure from emerging aquatic insects for terrestrial insectivores living close to lakes and streams.

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  • 7.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Jonsson, Micael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Berglund, A. M. M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Availability of specific prey types impact pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestling health in a moderately lead contaminated environment in northern Sweden2020In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 257, article id 113478Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anthropogenic metal contamination can cause increased stress in exposed organisms, but it can be difficult to disentangle the anthropogenic influence from natural variation in environmental conditions. In the proximity of a closed lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine in northern Sweden, the health effects of Pb exposure, essential element (calcium [Ca] and Zn) uptake, and prey availability and composition were estimated on pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings, using hemoglobin (Hb) level as a proxy for health. Pb concentration in nestling blood range between 0.00034 and 2.21 mu g/g (ww) and nestlings close to the mine had higher Pb concentrations and lower Hb, but contrary to our hypothesis, Hb was not directly related to Pb accumulation. Proportions of flying terrestrial and aquatic insects in available prey and availability of flying terrestrial insects were positively associated with nestling Hb, whereas the proportion of terrestrial ground living prey, the most common prey type, showed a negative association. This suggests that positive influence of certain prey, which does not have to be the most common in the surroundings, can counteract the negative effects from Pb contamination on bird health. Nestlings inhabiting sites adjacent to lakes had an advantage in terms of prey composition and availability of preferred prey, which resulted in higher Hb. As such, our results show that during moderate exposure to metals, variation in natural conditions, such as prey availability, can have great impact on organism health compared to Pb exposure. 

  • 8.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Jonsson, Micael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Berglund, Åsa M. M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    The effect of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contamination on aquatic insect community composition and metamorphosis2020In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 734, article id 139406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal contamination of freshwater ecosystems is a great threat to aquatic insect communities. In the past, focus has been on the toxic effects on the insect larvae, despite emerging evidence showing that negative effects can occur during metamorphosis to adults. There is therefore a risk that traditional studies on insect larvae would underestimate effect from metals. In this study, we investigated the effect of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) on aquatic insect abundance, including metamorphosis and adult emergence at 9 lakes, near an abandoned Pb/Zn mine, with different Pb and Zn concentrations in sediment and water. Further, differences in response to metal contamination among taxa, and potential community composition changes, were also investigated. Total insect abundance was not affected by metal contamination, but Zn had a negative effect on metamorphosis and proportionally less adults emerged compared to larval abundance when the bioavailable Zn concentration in water increased. The opposite pattern was found for bioavailable Pb (negative effect on larvae but not on adult emergence). All studied insect groups had similar response to metal contamination, and no change in community structure towards dominance of more tolerant taxa was observed. Our study shows that it is important to include metamorphosis when metal toxicity is evaluated in aquatic insects, and that metals can have opposite and contradicting effects. Thus, although combined cocktail effects of metal mixtures are important to assess, effects of individual metals can be underestimated.

  • 9.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Jonsson, Micael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Burrows, Ryan M.
    Bundschuh, Mirco
    Sponseller, Ryan A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Composition of riparian litter input regulates organic matter decomposition: Implications for headwater stream functioning in a managed forest landscape2017In: Ecology and Evolution, E-ISSN 2045-7758, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 1068-1077Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the importance of stream condition for leaf litter decomposition has been extensively studied, little is known about how processing rates change in response to altered riparian vegetation community composition. We investigated patterns of plant litter input and decomposition across 20 boreal headwater streams that varied in proportions of riparian deciduous and coniferous trees. We measured a suite of in-stream physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the amount and type of litter inputs from riparian vegetation, and related these to decomposition rates of native (alder, birch, and spruce) and introduced (lodgepole pine) litter species incubated in coarse- and fine-mesh bags. Total litter inputs ranged more than fivefold among sites and increased with the proportion of deciduous vegetation in the riparian zone. In line with differences in initial litter quality, mean decomposition rate was highest for alder, followed by birch, spruce, and lodgepole pine (12, 55, and 68% lower rates, respectively). Further, these rates were greater in coarse-mesh bags that allow colonization by macroinvertebrates. Variance in decomposition rate among sites for different species was best explained by different sets of environmental conditions, but litter-input composition (i.e., quality) was overall highly important. On average, native litter decomposed faster in sites with higher-quality litter input and (with the exception of spruce) higher concentrations of dissolved nutrients and open canopies. By contrast, lodgepole pine decomposed more rapidly in sites receiving lower-quality litter inputs. Birch litter decomposition rate in coarse-mesh bags was best predicted by the same environmental variables as in fine-mesh bags, with additional positive influences of macroinvertebrate species richness. Hence, to facilitate energy turnover in boreal headwaters, forest management with focus on conifer production should aim at increasing the presence of native deciduous trees along streams, as they promote conditions that favor higher decomposition rates of terrestrial plant litter.

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  • 10.
    Lidman, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Olid, Carolina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Department of Forestry and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
    Bigler, Christian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Berglund, Åsa M. M.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Effect of past century mining activities on sediment properties and toxicity to freshwater organisms in northern Sweden2023In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 872, article id 162097Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The release of toxic metals from local mining activities often represents a severe environmental hazard for nearby lake ecosystems. Previous studies on the impact of mining have primarily focused on single lakes, with less emphasis on spatial and temporal recovery patterns of multiple lakes within the same catchment, but with different hydrological connection and distance to the pollutant source. This knowledge gap prevents us from assessing the real environmental risk of abandoned mines and understanding ecosystem recovery. This study explores the intensity and spatial patterns of sediment contamination and the potential for ecosystem recovery in three lakes in close vicinity of a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) mine in Sweden that has been inoperative for >20 years. Dated (210Pb and 137Cs) sediment cores from each lake were used to reconstruct temporal patterns in trace element deposition and relate those with past mining activities. Results show that all lakes were affected by mining, indicated by increasing Pb and Zn concentrations and decreasing organic matter content, at the onset of mining. However, the extent and timing of mining impact differed between lakes, which was partly ascribed to differences in the historical use of tailings and settling ponds. Assessment of toxicity levels in sediments, based on normalized Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) to organic matter content, provided more consistent results with the historical mining than conventional methods, showing a decreasing impact in lakes once the operations ceased. Still, sediment Pb concentrations were > 10 times higher than pre-mining values, evidencing the urgent need for remediation actions in the study lakes. This study highlights the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity in metal deposition, sediment organic matter content, and hydrological connectivity with tailings when risk assessments are performed in mining-impacted lakes. The use of normalized PEC-Q in toxic assessments is also recommended.

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