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  • 1.
    Andersson, Eva K.
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Trajectories of Latent Vulnerability and Distress: Identifying Social and Spatial Fringes of the Swedish Population2023In: Social Indicators Research, ISSN 0303-8300, E-ISSN 1573-0921, no 169, p. 993-1015Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It can be argued that a society is never better than how Individuals on its social and spatial fringes are faring. This motivates the purpose of this paper, which is to study how vulnerable groups can be identified, defined and explored in a spatial perspective using latent class analysis (LCA) on the whole Swedish population. We use space to refine meanings of vulnerability in individuals and groups, by contextualizing their vulnerability. This knowledge is fundamental for creating equal living conditions and for promoting the social cohesion needed for socially sustainable societies. Thus, equality and spatial integration are basic ideas in welfare policy but in recent years, the idea of integration has met various challenges with new population groups, rural–urban polarization, and disadvantaged housing areas. Using register data, we here identified life course trajectories associated with vulnerability, applying LCA to the total Swedish population aged 25 to 59 years. We identified latent classes of life courses, and detected and explored some classes with more vulnerability than others. The spatial patterns of vulnerable individuals were analysed using individualized neighbourhoods including the proportion of closest neighbours belonging to a latent class. A second LCA of vulnerable individuals refined the findings into different types of distress; extra distressed life courses were found in the metropolitan areas in Million program areas in urban outskirts, and other distressed life courses were more often found in unattractive (low housing price) rural areas, rural fringes. 

  • 2.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Bostadspolitiken och hyressektorn i Europa2013In: Fronesis, ISSN 1404-2614, no 42-43, p. 171-177Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Housing Deprivation in Europe: On the Role of Rental Tenure Types2015In: Housing, Theory and Society, ISSN 1403-6096, E-ISSN 1651-2278, Vol. 32, no 1, p. 73-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to analyse the link between housing tenure typesand housing deprivation in 26 European countries. Empirical analyses are based onEuropean Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions 2007, enabling comparisons ofdeprivation across a large set of countries. A multilevel framework is employed. It is hypothesizedthat the organization of the rental sector inherently produces different housing marketdynamics, which is likely to affect housing deprivation rates. An integrated rental sector coveringbroader parts of the population is expected to reduce the risk of housing deprivation.Housing deprivation is measured in terms of experiencing overcrowding and while also sufferingany of the following accommodation problems: a leaking roof; no bath/shower; no indoortoilet; or a dwelling considered too dark. The findings indicate a negative association betweenthe size of the rental sector and the prevalence of housing deprivation. The organization of therental sector appears crucial and only an integrated rental sector encompassing broader partsof the population significantly reduces the prevalence of housing deprivation and its components.This association is robust in terms of confounding factors at the individual-level andcentral country-level contextual variables.

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  • 4.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Housing, poverty and the welfare state: Spatial distribution of tenure types and its effects on housing deprivation, unemployment and residualisation2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    An important question that has caused much academic debate is how to best organise the welfare state system to combat poverty and social exclusion. Much such research is focused on how to combat income poverty through core areas in the welfare state. This dissertation widens the perspective to include housing as a part of the welfare state and it represents an attempt to study poverty outcomes beyond income measures. In doing this, the dissertation uses power resource theory to understand welfare state change and the design of institutions in terms of housing tenures, and shows how this design might affect individual outcomes. Thus, the overall aim of this dissertation is to gain knowledge of the principles that underpin the design and organisation of the housing market in terms of tenure types and to understand the ways in which this design might affect the well-being of individuals and the society as a whole. The dissertation consists of an introductory essay and four papers. The introductory essay presents my theoretical approach and methodology. It also summarises the papers and discusses my main findings.

    Paper I analyses the extent to which the organisation of the rental sector may explain cross-national differences in the prevalence of housing deprivation. Using a multilevel framework on survey data covering 26 European countries, I find that a large and integrated rental sector significantly reduces the prevalence of housing deprivation across EU countries. The organisation of the rental sector appears to be crucial when it comes to reducing poverty and social exclusion in terms of housing insufficiencies.

    Paper II continues the quest to find explanations of the variations in the prevalence of housing deprivation in Europe. Our results develop the findings of Paper I. We find that a high proportion of outright owners is positively associated with housing deprivation. This is suggested to reflect the historical and political processes that affect the housing markets in eastern and southern European housing regimes.

    Paper III investigates a puzzle regarding the relationship between the extent of home-ownership and unemployment. At the macro level, more home-owners indicate higher unemployment rates, while home-owners in general are less unemployed. What can explain this? In this paper, we show that regions with high home-ownership also tend to be regions with small labour markets, which affects the efficiency of matching on the labour market.

    Paper IV turns to the process of residualisation, a process which can be described as when the public or social rental sectors become dominated by low-income households. For Sweden, this process is of key interest since the public housing sector aims to be universal and is not directed towards any specific income group. The results indicate a clear trend towards increasing residualisation. The trend is most pronounced in sparsely populated municipalities, while the public rental sector is quite mixed in larger cities and municipalities near larger cities.

    This dissertation offers a contribution to the field of housing by showing that power resource theory may be used to understand institutional design in terms of tenure types, and that this design also affects individual outcomes. Moreover, power resource theory is presented as a viable theory to understand geographical variation in institutional design across and within countries.

     

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    Housing, poverty and the welfare state
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  • 5.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Universalism lost? The magnitude and spatial pattern of residualisation in the public housing sector in Sweden 1993–20122019In: Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, ISSN 1566-4910, E-ISSN 1573-7772, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 405-424Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important feature of the Swedish housing system is universalism, meaning that housing provision should encompass broad income groups and thus not only be directed towards poor households. Considering the recent decades of marketization and liberalisation of the Swedish housing system, concerns have been raised whether universalism remains as a key feature of the Swedish housing system. The aim of this paper is to improve our understanding of processes of residualisation in Sweden. This is a process whereby the public housing sector is becoming dominated by low income households. To describe, analyse and understand processes of residualisation in Sweden and across regions, I use a novel Index of Residualisation and longitudinal register data covering the period 1993–2012. The results indicate that the rental sector as a whole is undergoing a process of residualisation, but that there are clear variations in the magnitude of residualisation across regions. The process of residualisation is most pronounced in sparsely populated regions. The relative size of the public rental sector is a key factor to consider in order to understand the diverging trends. Regions with smaller rental sectors are associated with higher levels of residualisation, indicating that public housing may have the function of social housing in these regions.

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  • 6.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Vilka flyttar när fastigheten renoveras?: En kvantitativ undersökning om flyttbenägenheten hos hushåll som bor i fastigheter som renoverats mellan åren 1995-20192023Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 7.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Where to house the poor? The role of public housing in Sweden 1993-2012Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Increasing concerns have been raised about the tendency for the public housing sector in Sweden to become dominated by low-income households, thus undergoing a process of residualisation. If this is happening, the universal character of municipal housing companies offering decent housing for all income groups is challenged. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the magnitude of residualisation and to discuss possible implications for the Swedish housing model using a novel Index of Residualisation and longitudinal register data covering the period 1993-2012. The results indicate that the rental sector as a whole is undergoing a process of residualisation, but that there are clear variations in the magnitude of residualisation across types of municipalities. This might suggest that well-off households have turned to private ownership. The process of residualisation is most pronounced in sparsely populated regions. The relative size of the public rental sector is a key factor to consider in order to understand the diverging trends. Regions with smaller rental sectors are associated with higher levels of residualisation, indicating that public housing may have the function of social housing in these regions.

  • 8.
    Borg, Ida
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Brandén, Maria
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology. Linköping University, Sweden.
    Do high levels of home-ownership create unemployment? Introducing the missing link between housing tenure and unemployment2018In: Housing Studies, ISSN 0267-3037, E-ISSN 1466-1810, Vol. 33, no 4, p. 501-524Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A large number of studies have demonstrated that the proportion of home-owners in a region tend to be positively associated with the unemployment levels in that region. In this paper, we introduce a missing piece of explaining this commonly found pattern. By analysing individual-level population register data on Sweden, we jointly examine the effects of micro- and macro-level home-ownership on individuals’ unemployment. The findings indicate that even though home-owners have a lower probability of being unemployed, there is a penalty for both renters and home-owners on unemployment in regions with high home-ownership rates. Differences in mobility patterns cannot explain this pattern. However, when labour market size is considered, the higher probability of unemployment in high home-owning regions is drastically reduced. This suggests that high home-ownership regions tend to coincide with small labour markets, affecting the job matching process negatively.

  • 9.
    Borg, Ida
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Brandén, Maria
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Do high levels of unemployment create unemployment? Introducing the missing link between housing tenure and unemploymentManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
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  • 10.
    Borg, Ida
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Guio, Anne-Catherine
    Marlier, Eric (Editor)
    Nolan, Brian (Editor)
    12. Improving our knowledge of housing conditions at EU level2021In: Improving the understanding of poverty and social exclusion in Europe / [ed] Anne-Catherine Guio, Eric Marlier, Brian Nolan, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union , 2021, 2021, p. 203-216Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Using the data from the ‘European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions’ (EU-SILC), this book reflects the results of almost 5 years of research involving data producers and data users. It aims to improve our understanding of substantive challenges facing ‘Social Europe’ and to contribute to the development of methods that provide new insights into the determinants and dynamics of income and living conditions. Through in-depth analyses, it enhances our knowledge of a wide range of topics: inequalities, role of social transfers, mortality risk due to poverty and social exclusion, intra-household variation in deprivation, between-country differences in housing conditions, unmet medical need, child deprivation, migrants’ living conditions, as well as the dynamics of in-work monetary poverty and deprivation and of multidimensional poverty. The book also puts forward robust policy-relevant indicators in these fields, including longitudinal indicators. This volume is intended both for policy-makers and statisticians and for all those concerned about the impact of economic and social policies on people’s lives and the ways in which the social dimension of Europe and its monitoring can be reinforced.

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    Improving the understanding of poverty and social exclusion in Europe
  • 11.
    Borg, Ida
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Guio, Anne-Catherine
    Poor housing conditions in the European Union: Micro and macro level determinantsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this paper was to study the variations in prevalence of housing deprivation, overcrowding and housing cost overburden between EU countries and to examine to what extent these between-country differences could be explained by measurable factors, either at the individual level or at the country level. We applied a multilevel framework on EU-SILC survey data, to be able to test the explanatory power of both micro level determinants (low income, household type, tenure status, education, joblessness etc.) and of macro level factors, such as national income, structure of housing market, welfare system, etc. Our results regarding the micro level indicated that factors related to permanent income, high costs/needs, and household size/type influenced the risk of facing poor housing conditions in a similar way as has been found for social and material deprivation. Moreover, there was a consistency among micro level risk factors across all dimensions of poor housing conditions. Our results regarding the macro level pointed to the importance of the historical and institutional factors that affect the availability and quality of housing in Eastern and Southern regimes, notably with a large proportion of outright home-ownership. Our results also shed new light on the impact of national wealth on housing deprivation. Despite a clear negative relationship between macro-economic affluence and housing deprivation, GDP or median income did not significantly impact housing deprivation once differences in micro drivers, notably household income, were taken into account.

  • 12.
    Borg, Ida
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Kawalerowicz, Juta
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Andersson, Eva K.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Socio-spatial stratification of housing tenure trajectories in Sweden – a longitudinal cohort study2022In: Advances in Life Course Research, E-ISSN 1040-2608, Vol. 57, article id 100467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Individuals tend to be most mobile when they are between 20 and 40 years of age. This pattern is relatively stable across regions and over time. For geographical mobility, less is known about their transitions between different types of housing and tenure forms. In Sweden, households may select between, principally, three different types of tenure forms, each often coupled with a specific housing type. Households may rent from either public companies (municipality owned) or private landlords in multifamily dwellings, households may own their single-family house privately, or they can cooperatively own a multifamily house as a tenant-owner in an apartment. Yet we lack knowledge of which tenure trajectories individuals tend to follow during their most mobile years, and we also lack knowledge about which factors determine tenure trajectories. Our sample consist of individuals who in 1995 were aged 18–25 and who left their parental house between 1994 and 1995. This study tracks their tenure trajectories for 21 consecutive years starting in 1995 until 2015. The cohorts in our sample were the first who encountered the conditions on the deregulated housing market that are still in place in Sweden today. We followed these cohorts until they were between 39 and 46 years old and used sequence analysis to classify tenure trajectories. One result that stands out is the outstanding and increasing emphasis on home ownership in our sample, quite unlike the traditional picture of the Swedish housing market. Additionally, we found that resources in a broad sense and spatial context have a great impact on the type of trajectory individuals follow.

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  • 13.
    Fritzell, Johan
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Bacchus Hertzman, Jennie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Bäckman, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Ferrarini, Tommy
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Nelson, Kenneth
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Sweden: Increasing income inequalities and changing social relations2014In: Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries. Thirty Countries' Experiences / [ed] Brian Nolan, Wiemer Salverda, Daniele Checchi, Ive Marx, Abigail McKnight, István György Tóth, Herman G. van de Werfhorst, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    From an all-time low around 1980, income inequality substantially increased, reflecting a strong rise in top incomes and income from capital, more recently also a widening gap between bottom and middle incomes. Behind this are the dual income tax system, established in the early 1990s, the introduction of earned income tax credits, and a diminished coverage of social insurance programmes, which widened the income gap between employed and non-employed during the 2000s. The benefit and tax systems became less redistributive and thereby contributed to increased income inequalities. Another important element is the deep recession in the early 1990s with skyrocketing unemployment and subsequent cutbacks in welfare provision. Income inequalities, however, increased first and foremost in the aftermath of the recession. The chapter finds no unambiguous trend in social, cultural, and political conditions corresponding to the increased inequalities. There is increased polarization for many indicators between different socio-economic groups.

  • 14.
    Gustafsson, Jennie
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen.
    Rental housing and tenants’ socioeconomic status in Malmö, Sweden, 1996-2016Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Public and private rental markets in Europe cater housing increasingly to socioeconomically disadvantaged households. In this context, the article explores the spatial development of rental sectors and the socioeconomic status of tenants in Malmö, Sweden, from 1996 to 2016. We identify how the public housing sector has spread throughout the city, increasing in more attractive areas while also undergoing a residualisation process in so-called ‘less attractive’ areas. Meanwhile, the remaining presence of private rental estates on the city’s outskirts, tenure conversion from rental housing into tenant cooperative ownership, and the city’s entrepreneurial refurbishment of docklands and farmland have transformed the private rental sector. Concomitantly, we find a sharp downturn of poverty among private tenants after 2012. In summary, we reveal how government housing policy deregulation, entrepreneurial urban governance, and international tendencies fuel the rental sectors’ development. The article contributes to recent scholarship on the increased residualisation and marketization of public housing and the revival of the private rental sector and its implications for disadvantaged households. It also contributes by proposing four research areas to advance the field of housing research. 

  • 15.
    Gustafsson, Jennie
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Ida, Borg
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Rental housing and tenants’ socioeconomic status in Malmö, Sweden, 1996-2016Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Public and private rental markets in Europe cater housing increasingly to socioeconomically disadvantaged households. In this context, the article explores the spatial development of rental sectors and the socioeconomic status of tenants in Malmö, Sweden, from 1996 to 2016. We identify how the public housing sector has spread throughout the city, increasing in more attractive areas while also undergoing a residualisation process in so-called ‘less attractive’ areas. Meanwhile, the remaining presence of private rental estates on the city’s outskirts, tenure conversion from rental housing into tenant cooperative ownership, and the city’s entrepreneurial refurbishment of docklands and farmland have transformed the private rental sector. Concomitantly, we find a sharp downturn of poverty among private tenants after 2012. In summary, we reveal how government housing policy deregulation, entrepreneurial urban governance, and international tendencies fuel the rental sectors’ development. The article contributes to recent scholarship on the increased residualisation and marketization of public housing and the revival of the private rental sector and its implications for disadvantaged households. It also contributes by proposing four research areas to advance the field of housing research. 

  • 16.
    Kihlanki, Helena
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Human Geography.
    Verkliga röster i debatten om svarthandel med hyreskontrakt: att tala med och inte om köpare2016In: PLAN, ISSN 0032-0560, no 2, p. 44-47Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 17.
    Stenberg, Sten-Åke
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Kjellbom, Pia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Sonmark, Kristina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Mer prat än verkstad från regeringen om vräkta barn: i DN Debatt 2011-12-242011In: Dagens NyheterArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 18.
    Stenberg, Sten-Åke
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), Sverige.
    Kjellbom, Pia
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, Sverige.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), Sverige.
    Sonmark, Kristina
    Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI).
    Mer prat än verkstad från regeringen om vräkta barn: i DN Debatt 2011-12-242011In: Dagens NyheterArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 19.
    Stenberg, Sten-Åke
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Kjellbom, Pia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Sonmark, Kristina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Nu är det 2012 och barn vräks fortfarande: i DN-Debatt 2012-01-022012In: Dagens Nyheter, ISSN 1101-2447, no 2 janArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 20.
    Stenberg, Sten-Åke
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), Sverige.
    Kjellbom, Pia
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, Sverige.
    Borg, Ida
    Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), Sverige.
    Sonmark, Kristina
    Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), Sverige.
    Nu är det 2012 och barn vräks fortfarande: i DN-Debatt 2012-01-022012In: Dagens Nyheter, ISSN 1101-2447, no 2 janArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
1 - 20 of 20
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