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  • 1.
    Arcila Calderón, Carlos
    et al.
    University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
    Sánchez Holgado, Patricia
    University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
    Gómez, Jesús
    National Office for Combating Hate Crimes, Secretary of State for Security, Ministry of Interior, Madrid, Spain.
    Barbosa, Marcos
    University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
    Qi, Haodong
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Matilla, Alberto
    National Office for Combating Hate Crimes, Secretary of State for Security, Ministry of Interior, Madrid, Spain.
    Amado, Pilar
    National Office for Combating Hate Crimes, Secretary of State for Security, Ministry of Interior, Madrid, Spain.
    Guzmán, Alejandro
    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
    López-Matías, Daniel
    Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
    Fernández-Villazala, Tomás
    National Office for Combating Hate Crimes, Secretary of State for Security, Ministry of Interior, Madrid, Spain.
    From online hate speech to offline hate crime: the role of inflammatory language in forecasting violence against migrant and LGBT communities2024In: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, E-ISSN 2662-9992, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 1369Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Social media messages often provide insights into offline behaviors. Although hate speech proliferates rapidly across social media platforms, it is rarely recognized as a cybercrime, even when it may be linked to offline hate crimes that typically involve physical violence. This paper aims to anticipate violent acts by analyzing online hate speech (hatred, toxicity, and sentiment) and comparing it to offline hate crime. The dataset for this preregistered study included social media posts from X (previously called Twitter) and Facebook and internal police records of hate crimes reported in Spain between 2016 and 2018. After conducting preliminary data analysis to check the moderate temporal correlation, we used time series analysis to develop computational models (VAR, GLMNet, and XGBTree) to predict four time periods of these rare events on a daily and weekly basis. Forty-eight models were run to forecast two types of offline hate crimes, those against migrants and those against the LGBT community. The best model for migrant crime achieved an R2 of 64%, while that for LGBT crime reached 53%. According to the best ML models, the weekly aggregations outperformed the daily aggregations, the national models outperformed those geolocated in Madrid, and those about migration were more effective than those about LGBT people. Moreover, toxic language outperformed hatred and sentiment analysis, Facebook posts were better predictors than tweets, and in most cases, speech temporally preceded crime. Although we do not make any claims about causation, we conclude that online inflammatory language could be a leading indicator for detecting potential hate crimes acts and that these models can have practical applications for preventing these crimes.

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  • 2. Bengtsson, Tommy
    et al.
    Qi, Haodong
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS).
    Ageing Workforce, Social Cohesion and Sustainable Development: Political Challenges within the Baltic Sea Region: Sweden2018In: Ageing Workforce, Social Cohesion and Sustainable Development: Political Challenges within the Baltic Sea Region / [ed] Paul Becker, Johanna Schütz, Ann Zimmermann, Max Planck Society/Population Europe , 2018, p. 55-59Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The current Swedish pension system is flexible. Workers may choose to retire, partially or fully, at any time after the age of 61, while still working fullor part-time. The system also allows retirees to temporarily stop collecting pension benefits and return to employment, but they have no right to continue working after the age of 67. Like in many other countries, the effective retirement age has been rising in Sweden since the mid-1990s and today it is the highest in the European Union (EU). In the following, we document the changes in effective retirement age by gender, education and health status. We also discuss what factors might underlie these changes. We start with an overview of the pension system, the development of health and the effective pension age for different groups, before making some reflections about challenges with regard to increasing the employment levels among elderly workers in Sweden in the future.

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  • 3.
    Bevelander, Pieter
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Hutcheson, Derek Stanford
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Qi, Haodong
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Socialization, citizenship and the electoral integration of refugees: evidence from Sweden2024In: Ethnic and Racial Studies, ISSN 0141-9870, E-ISSN 1466-4356, p. 1-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article seeks to fill a research gap by analysing refugees’ voting behavior, using Sweden (known for high refugee immigration, relatively liberal enfranchisement rules, and comprehensive electoral data) as a case study. Relying on register data on turnout from Swedish municipal elections, the article sheds new light on how the political integration of refugees varies. We test theories of resocialization and examine the extent to which a refugee’s political integration is affected by the surrounding environment, focusing on the political culture of the areas surrounding their neighborhoods. The results show that two major factors strongly affect refugee turnout rates: the acquisition of citizenship, and the degree of diversity of nationality in the districts in which refugees live, based on different experiences of “bonding” and “bridging” with the surrounding environment.

  • 4.
    Bircan, Tuba
    et al.
    VUB, Belgium.
    Akdağ Salah, Almila
    Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
    Qi, Haodong
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS).
    A Bibliometric Analysis of Computational Social Science in Turkish Academia2023In: 2023 31st Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), IEEE conference proceedings, 2023, , p. 1-4p. 1-4Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using bibliometrics, this study explores the land-scape of social computing sciences within the Turkish academic sphere. The analysis conducted at both the country and organizational levels reveals that collaborations in the field of social computing are not solely influenced by geographical factors. Through network analysis of keyword co-occurrences, distinct thematic patterns emerge, highlighting areas such as health-related applications, the social implications of computational approaches, the intersection of computational methods with the economy and agriculture, machine learning techniques, and the utilization of big data analytics for business applications. These findings provide evidence of the multidisciplinary nature inherent in social computing research.

  • 5.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Bevelander, Pieter
    Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS).
    Migration and Aging2022In: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics / [ed] Zimmermann K. F., Springer, 2022, p. 1-23Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Population aging presents a looming challenge for sustaining intergenerational transfers from the economically productive population to dependent elderly. This chapter offers an interdisciplinary perspective on whether immigration may alleviate this economic challenge for an aging welfare state. Specifically, it demonstrates how immigration may be beneficial from a pure demographic perspective, but less so or costly from an economic perspective.

  • 6.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS).
    Bircan, Tuba
    Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium.
    Can Google Trends predict asylum-seekers’ destination choices?2023In: EPJ Data Science, E-ISSN 2193-1127, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 41Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Google Trends (GT) collate the volumes of search keywords over time and by geographical location. Such data could, in theory, provide insights into people’s ex ante intentions to migrate, and hence be useful for predictive analysis of future migration. Empirically, however, the predictive power of GT is sensitive, it may vary depending on geographical context, the search keywords selected for analysis, as well as Google’s market share and its users’ characteristics and search behavior, among others. Unlike most previous studies attempting to demonstrate the benefit of using GT for forecasting migration flows, this article addresses a critical but less discussed issue: when GT cannot enhance the performances of migration models. Using EUROSTAT statistics on first-time asylum applications and a set of push-pull indicators gathered from various data sources, we train three classes of gravity models that are commonly used in the migration literature, and examine how the inclusion of GT may affect models’ abilities to predict refugees’ destination choices. The results suggest that the effects of including GT are highly contingent on the complexity of different models. Specifically, GT can only improve the performance of relatively simple models, but not of those augmented by flow Fixed-Effects or by Auto-Regressive effects. These findings call for a more comprehensive analysis of the strengths and limitations of using GT, as well as other digital trace data, in the context of modeling and forecasting migration. It is our hope that this nuanced perspective can spur further innovations in the field, and ultimately bring us closer to a comprehensive modeling framework of human migration.

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  • 7.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Stockholm University Demography Unit, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bircan, Tuba
    Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
    Modelling and predicting forced migration2023In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 18, no 4, article id e0284416Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Migration models have evolved significantly during the last decade, most notably the so-called flow Fixed-Effects (FE) gravity models. Such models attempt to infer how human mobility may be driven by changing economy, geopolitics, and the environment among other things. They are also increasingly used for migration projections and forecasts. However, recent research shows that this class of models can neither explain, nor predict the temporal dynamics of human movement. This shortcoming is even more apparent in the context of forced migration, in which the processes and drivers tend to be heterogeneous and complex. In this article, we derived a Flow-Specific Temporal Gravity (FTG) model which, compared to the FE models, is theoretically similar (informed by the random utility framework), but empirically less restrictive. Using EUROSTAT data with climate, economic, and conflict indicators, we trained both models and compared their performances. The results suggest that the predictive power of these models is highly dependent on the length of training data. Specifically, as time-series migration data lengthens, FTG's predictions can be increasingly accurate, whereas the FE model becomes less predictive.

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  • 8.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology. Malmö University, Sweden.
    Bircan, Tuba
    Modelling and predicting forced migration2023In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 18, no 4, article id e0284416Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Migration models have evolved significantly during the last decade, most notably the so-called flow Fixed-Effects (FE) gravity models. Such models attempt to infer how human mobility may be driven by changing economy, geopolitics, and the environment among other things. They are also increasingly used for migration projections and forecasts. However, recent research shows that this class of models can neither explain, nor predict the temporal dynamics of human movement. This shortcoming is even more apparent in the context of forced migration, in which the processes and drivers tend to be heterogeneous and complex. In this article, we derived a Flow–Specific Temporal Gravity (FTG) model which, compared to the FE models, is theoretically similar (informed by the random utility framework), but empirically less restrictive. Using EUROSTAT data with climate, economic, and conflict indicators, we trained both models and compared their performances. The results suggest that the predictive power of these models is highly dependent on the length of training data. Specifically, as time-series migration data lengthens, FTG’s predictions can be increasingly accurate, whereas the FE model becomes less predictive.

  • 9.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology. Lund University, Sweden.
    Helgertz, Jonas
    Bengtsson, Tommy
    Do notional defined contribution schemes prolong working life?: Evidence from the 1994 Swedish pension reform2018In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, ISSN 2212-828X, Vol. 12, p. 250-267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates whether the Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) scheme prolongs working life. The evidence from the 1994 Swedish pension reform shows a gender and socio-economic gradient in the labor supply responses to phasing in NDC. While the reform exerted a large and significant positive effect on the average retirement age among highly educated and skilled, it had little or negative effect on those with low level of human capital. And the overall effect is more profound among older men, compared to older women. These findings imply that the aggregate impact of NDC may only be positive if the average level of older workers’ education and skills is high, whereas it may be moderate (or even adverse) if the majority of the older workers are less educated and engage in low-skill jobs. This highlights the importance of incorporating the gender and socio-economic aspects into the evaluation of how a multi-pillar pension scheme, such as NDC, may increase the average working life expectancy.

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  • 10.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Ctr Econ Demog, Lund, Sweden; Lund Univ, Dept Econ Hist, Lund, Sweden; Stockholm Univ, Dept Sociol, Demog Unit, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Helgertz, Jonas
    Lund Univ, Ctr Econ Demog, Lund, Sweden; Lund Univ, Dept Econ Hist, Lund, Sweden.
    Bengtsson, Tommy
    CEPR, London, England; IZA, Bonn, Germany; Lund Univ, Ctr Econ Demog, Lund, Sweden; Lund Univ, Dept Econ Hist, Lund, Sweden.
    Do notional defined contribution schemes prolong working life? Evidence from the 1994 Swedish pension reform2018In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, ISSN 2212-828X, Vol. 12, p. 250-267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates whether the Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) scheme prolongs working life. The evidence from the 1994 Swedish pension reform shows a gender and socio-economic gradient in the labor supply responses to phasing in NDC. While the reform exerted a large and significant positive effect on the average retirement age among highly educated and skilled, it had little or negative effect on those with low level of human capital. And the overall effect is more profound among older men, compared to older women. These findings imply that the aggregate impact of NDC may only be positive if the average level of older workers’ education and skills is high, whereas it may be moderate (or even adverse) if the majority of the older workers are less educated and engage in low-skill jobs. This highlights the importance of incorporating the gender and socio-economic aspects into the evaluation of how a multi-pillar pension scheme, such as NDC, may increase the average working life expectancy.

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  • 11.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Irastorza, Nahikari
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Emilsson, Henrik
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Bevelander, Pieter
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Does Integration Policy Integrate?: The Employment Effects of Sweden's 2010 Reform of the Introduction Program2019In: The IZA Discussion Paper Series, ISSN 2365-9793, no 12594, p. 1-23Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 12.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Stockholm University.
    Irastorza, Nahikari
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Emilsson, Henrik
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Bevelander, Pieter
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Integration policy and refugees' economic performance: Evidence from Sweden's 2010 reform of the introduction programme2021In: International migration (Geneva. Print), ISSN 0020-7985, E-ISSN 1468-2435, Vol. 59, no 4, p. 42-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we investigate whether integration policy improves refugees' economic performance, specifically examining the effects on refugees' income of Sweden's 2010 reform of the introduction programme (or IP). We also evaluate how the reform effects vary depending on refugees' gender and educational attainment. Our key finding shows a strong positive effect of the reform on refugees' income, immediately after the completion of the IP. More importantly, this positive effect intensifies over time, with no signs of diminishing, which implies a longer-term effect of the reform. Furthermore, the effects of the reform do not significantly vary between men and women or between the highly educated and the less-educated, suggesting that the new Swedish IP benefits refugees to the same extent, regardless of their gender and educational attainment.

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  • 13.
    Qi, Haodong
    et al.
    Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Stockholm University.
    Scott, Kirk
    Lund University.
    Bengtsson, Tommy
    Lund University.
    Extending Working Life: Experiences from Sweden, 1981–20112019In: Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, ISSN 1728-4414, E-ISSN 1728-5305, Vol. 17, p. 99-120Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Population ageing is making it increasingly difficult for countries to sustain theircurrent levels social welfare transfers from the economically active populationto the dependent elderly. To meet this challenge, the Swedish government hasimplemented various reforms since the 1990s aimed at reducing incentives totake early retirement. However, a critical question has emerged in response tothese reforms: namely, whether members of certain socially and demographicallydisadvantaged groups will, in practice, be able to work longer. This paper providesa detailed overview of retirement trends in Sweden, disaggregated by educationalattainment, health status, and country of birth. Our results show that the growthpattern in the average effective retirement age since the mid-1990s was shared byindividuals regardless of their educational level, health status, or country of birth.This shared growth pattern suggests that it is possible to extend the working livesof all groups of individuals, regardless of their socio-economic and demographiccharacteristics.

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  • 14.
    Zhang, Erliang
    et al.
    International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Li, Huilun
    International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Han, Hangyu
    School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Wang, Yuhua
    School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Cui, Shuheng
    School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Zhang, Jie
    School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Chen, Minzhi
    School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Li, Yunfei
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Qi, Haodong
    Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), Department of Global Political Studies (GPS). Malmö University, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM).
    Takahashi, Masaki
    Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.
    Xiang, Mi
    International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Dietary Rhythmicity and Mental Health Among Airline Personnel2024In: JAMA Network Open, E-ISSN 2574-3805, Vol. 7, no 7, article id e2422266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IMPORTANCE: Misaligned dietary rhythmicity has been associated with metabolic diseases; however, its association with mental health remains largely unexplored.

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between dietary rhythms and the mental health condition of shift workers, specifically airline crew members.

    DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected from the Civil Aviation Health Cohort of China, an ongoing large-scale health survey of pilots, flight attendants, and air security officers employed by major airline companies in China. Participants aged 18 to 60 years were invited through text messages to complete a web-based survey. The data collection period was December 2022 to March 2023. Statistical analysis was performed from July 24, 2023, to April 12, 2024.

    EXPOSURE: Data on timing of breakfast and dinner on workdays and rest days, daily time windows for food intake, and meal and eating jet lags were collected and calculated.

    MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the associations of anxiety and depression with meal timing, eating window time, meal jet lag (ie, delayed meals), and eating jet lag (ie, delayed eating). All models were adjusted for individual socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics.

    RESULTS: Of the 22 617 participants (median [IQR] age, 29.1 [26.3-33.7] years; 13 712 males [60.6%]), 1755 (7.8%) had anxiety and 2768 (12.2%) had depression. After controlling for confounding factors, having dinner after 8 pm on morning-shift days was associated with increased odds of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.78; 95% CI, 1.53-2.05) and depression (AOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.78-2.27), compared with consuming dinner before 8 pm. Similar results were observed on night-shift days and rest days. An eating window of less than 12 hours was associated with reduced odds of anxiety (AOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93) and depression (AOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.89) on morning-shift days; the results remained significant on rest days. Delayed dinner on morning-shift days was associated with increased odds of anxiety (AOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.13-1.54) and depression (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58). On night-shift days, delayed dinner was associated with higher odds of anxiety (AOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.39) and depression (AOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.36). On morning-shift days, delayed eating rhythms were associated with higher odds of depression (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.61), whereas advanced eating rhythms were associated with lower odds of anxiety (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87).

    CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cross-sectional study found that meal timing, long eating window, and meal jet lags were associated with increased odds of depression and anxiety. These findings underscore the need for interventions and supportive policies that help mitigate the adverse implications of shift work and irregular working hours for the mental health of shift workers.

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