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  • 1.
    Begnini, Fabio
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Geschwindner, Stefan
    AstraZeneca, R&D, Discovery Sci, Mechanist & Struct Biol, S-43183 Mölndal, Sweden..
    Johansson, Patrik
    AstraZeneca, R&D, Discovery Sci, Mechanist & Struct Biol, S-43183 Mölndal, Sweden..
    Wissler, Lisa
    AstraZeneca, R&D, Discovery Sci, Mechanist & Struct Biol, S-43183 Mölndal, Sweden..
    Lewis, Richard J.
    AstraZeneca, Dept Med Chem, BioPharmaceut R&D, Resp & Immunol R&I,Res & Early Dev, S-43183 Mölndal, Sweden..
    Danelius, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Luttens, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Matricon, Pierre
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Carlsson, Jens
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics.
    Lenders, Stijn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC.
    König, Beate
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC.
    Friedel, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC.
    Sjö, Peter
    Drugs Neglected Dis Initiat DNDi, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Schiesser, Stefan
    AstraZeneca, Dept Med Chem, BioPharmaceut R&D, Resp & Immunol R&I,Res & Early Dev, S-43183 Mölndal, Sweden..
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Importance of Binding Site Hydration and Flexibility Revealed When Optimizing a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction2022In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, ISSN 0022-2623, E-ISSN 1520-4804, Vol. 65, no 4, p. 3473-3517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Upregulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by inhibition of the interaction with its negative regulator Keap1 constitutes an opportunity for the treatment of disease caused by oxidative stress. We report a structurally unique series of nanomolar Keap1 inhibitors obtained from a natural product-derived macrocyclic lead. Initial exploration of the structure-derived macrocyclic lead. Initial exploration of the structure-activity relationship of the lead, followed by structure-guided optimization, resulted in a 100-fold improvement in inhibitory potency. The macrocyclic core of the nanomolar inhibitors positions three pharmacophore units for productive interactions with key residues of Keap1, including R415, R483, and Y572. Ligand optimization resulted in the displacement of a coordinated water molecule from the Keap1 binding site and a significantly altered thermodynamic profile. In addition, minor reorganizations of R415 and R483 were accompanied by major differences in affinity between ligands. This study therefore indicates the importance of accounting both for the hydration and flexibility of the Keap1 binding site when designing high-affinity ligands.

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  • 2.
    Danelius, Emma
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Andersson, Hanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Erdélyi, Máté
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Solution ensemble analysis of macrocycles2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Macrocycles are key drug leads for protein targets with large, flat and featureless binding sites, including protein-protein interfaces.  Due to their conformational flexibility macrocycles typically exist as a mixture of interconverting geometries in solution, and hence cannot be represented by a single, averaged conformation.  This flexibility is a result of continuously forming and breaking a number of weak intramolecular interactions.  The yielded conformations in solution vastly impact the bioactivity, solubility and membrane permeability of the macrocycles.  Therefore, describing their conformational ensembles, as well as the impact of conformation stabilizing weak interactions, is of fundamental importance, and the knowledge gained is directly applicable to medicinal chemistry.

    In order to describe macrocycle structure and dynamics, time-averaged solution spectroscopic data has to be deconvoluted into the present conformations along with their respective probability.  We have studied the solution ensembles of a series of macrocycles using the NAMFIS (NMR analysis of molecular flexibility in solution) algorithm.  This combined computational and spectroscopic ensembles analysis deconvolutes time averaged NMR data by identifying the real conformations and assigning them with their molar fractions.  Theoretical ensembles were predicted using Monte Carlo conformational searches with molecular mechanics minimization.  The generated ensembles, typically containing 40-150 conformers, were then used together with experimental NOE-based distances and J-coupling-based dihedral angles to identify the molar fractions of the conformations present in solution.

    We applied this technique to gain understanding of weak chemical interactions in a biologically relevant environment, by analyzing macrocyclic β-hairpin peptides.  The stabilizing effect provided by an interstrand weak interaction, as compared to a reference peptide lacking this interaction, was quantified through ensemble analysis.  We have shown that a single interstrand hydrogen [1,2,3] or halogen bond (Figure 1) [4], can significantly influence the folding, and increase the population of the folded conformation by up to 40%.  The NMR results were corroborated by CD-spectroscopy and MD-calculations.

  • 3.
    Danelius, Emma
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Andersson, Hanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Jarvoll, Patrik
    Lood, Kajsa
    Gräfenstein, Jürgen
    Erdélyi, Máté
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Halogen bond promoted peptide folding2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have developed a β-hairpin peptide model system that permits quantitative evaluation of weak interactions in a biologically relevant environment. The influence of a single weak force was measured by detection of the extent to which it modulates peptide folding. Initially we have optimized a β-hairpin model system, using the simpler to synthesize hydrogen bonding analogues of our target system encompassing halogen bond donor and acceptor sites [1,2,3]. Using a combined computational and NMR spectroscopic ensemble analysis, we have quantified the stabilizing effect of a single secondary interaction on the folded β-hairpin conformation. We have demonstrated that a chlorine centered halogen bond, formed between two amino acid side chains in an interstrand manner (Figure 1), provides a conformational stabilization comparable to the analogous hydrogen bond [4]. The negative control, i.e. the peptide containing a noninteracting aliphatic side chain, was ~30% less folded than the hydrogen and halogen bonding analogues, revealing the high impact of the interstrand interaction on folding. The experimental results are corroborated by computation on the DFT level. This is the first report of quantification of a conformation-stabilizing chlorine centered halogen bond in a peptide system.  

  • 4.
    Danelius, Emma
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Poongavanam, Vasanthanathan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Peintner, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Wieske, Lianne H. E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Erdélyi, Máté
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Solution Conformations Explain the Chameleonic Behaviour of Macrocyclic Drugs2020In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 26, no 23, p. 5231-5244Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It has been hypothesised that drugs in the chemical space "beyond the rule of 5" (bRo5) must behave as molecular chameleons to combine otherwise conflicting properties, including aqueous solubility, cell permeability and target binding. Evidence for this has, however, been limited to the cyclic peptide cyclosporine A. Herein, we show that the non-peptidic and macrocyclic drugs roxithromycin, telithromycin and spiramycin behave as molecular chameleons, with rifampicin showing a less pronounced behaviour. In particular roxithromycin, telithromycin and spiramycin display a marked, yet limited flexibility and populate significantly less polar and more compact conformational ensembles in an apolar than in a polar environment. In addition to balancing of membrane permeability and aqueous solubility, this flexibility also allows binding to targets that vary in structure between species. The drugs' passive cell permeability correlates to their 3D polar surface area and corroborate two theoretical models for permeability, developed for cyclic peptides. We conclude that molecular chameleonicity should be incorporated in the design of orally administered drugs in the bRo5 space.

  • 5.
    Wieske, Hermina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Danelius, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Peintner, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Erdélyi, Máté
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry. Swedish NMR Centre.
    Conformational Analysis of Rifampicin in Solution2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Rifampicin is a macrocyclic drug used to treat bacterial infections.1 With a mass of 823 Da, rifampicin violates the Lipinki’s rule of five (Ro5),2 and therefore would be expected to have poor membrane permeability, and hence to not be applicable as an oral therapeutic agent. Despite this fact, rifampicin has proven to reach its target in a biological system and thus is able to pass multiple cell membranes without major problems. We hypothesize that the permeability of rifampicin may be explained by its molecular flexibility. We have therefore determined the conformational ensembles of rifampicin in aqueous and in chloroform solutions using the NMR Analysis of Molecular Flexibility in Solution (NAMFIS) approach.3 Comparing the ensembles present in environments possessing different polarities, we hypothesized that simultaneous aqueous solubility and membrane permeability of rifampicin may be explained by its ability to adjust its conformation to the molecular environment. In this presentation the ensemble analysis of rifampicin in polar and non-polar media will be disclosed, and the results will be discussed in relation to the above hypothesis on its permeability. We propose that this macrocycle folds into a conformation with its hydrophilic groups being better shielded from the hydrophobic membrane when it crosses a membrane, whereas it makes its polar functions solvent accessible in a polar environment (Fig. 1).

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  • 6.
    Wieske, Hermina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Danelius, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Peintner, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Erdélyi, Máté
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry. Swedish NMR Centre.
    Conformational Analysis of Rifampicin in Solution.2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Rifampicin is a macrocyclic drug used to treat bacterial infections.1 With a mass of 823 Da, rifampicin violates the Lipinki’s rule of five (Ro5),2 and therefore would be expected to have poor membrane permeability, and hence to not be applicable as an oral therapeutic agent. Despite this fact, rifampicin has proven to reach its target in a biological system and thus is able to pass multiple cell membranes without major problems. We hypothesize that the permeability of rifampicin may be explained by its molecular flexibility. We have therefore determined the conformational ensembles of rifampicin in aqueous and in chloroform solutions using the NMR Analysis of Molecular Flexibility in Solution (NAMFIS) approach.3 Comparing the ensembles present in environments possessing different polarities, we hypothesized that simultaneous aqueous solubility and membrane permeability of rifampicin may be explained by its ability to adjust its conformation to the molecular environment. In this presentation the ensemble analysis of rifampicin in polar and non-polar media will be disclosed, and the results will be discussed in relation to the above hypothesis on its permeability. We propose that this macrocycle folds into a conformation with its hydrophilic groups being better shielded from the hydrophobic membrane when it crosses a membrane, whereas it makes its polar functions solvent accessible in a polar environment (Fig. 1).

  • 7.
    Wieske, Hermina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Danelius, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Peintner, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Kihlberg, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Erdélyi, Máté
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Conformational Analysis of Rifampicin in Solution2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Rifampicin is a macrocyclic drug used to treat bacterial infections.1 With a mass of 823 Da, rifampicin violates the Lipinki’s rule of five (Ro5),2 and therefore would be expected to have poor membrane permeability, and hence to not be applicable as an oral therapeutic agent. Despite this fact, rifampicin has proven to reach its target in a biological system and thus is able to pass multiple cell membranes without major problems. We hypothesize that the permeability of rifampicin may be explained by its molecular flexibility. We have therefore determined the conformational ensembles of rifampicin in aqueous and in chloroform solutions using the NMR Analysis of Molecular Flexibility in Solution (NAMFIS) approach.3 Comparing the ensembles present in environments possessing different polarities, we hypothesized that simultaneous aqueous solubility and membrane permeability of rifampicin may be explained by its ability to adjust its conformation to the molecular environment. In this presentation the ensemble analysis of rifampicin in polar and non-polar media will be disclosed, and the results will be discussed in relation to the above hypothesis on its permeability. We propose that this macrocycle folds into a conformation with its hydrophilic groups being better shielded from the hydrophobic membrane when it crosses a membrane, whereas it makes its polar functions solvent accessible in a polar environment (Fig. 1).

1 - 7 of 7
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