Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet

Change search
Refine search result
1 - 31 of 31
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), apically expressed on human colonic M cells, are potential receptors for microbial adhesion.2004In: Histochemistry and Cell Biology, ISSN 0948-6143, E-ISSN 1432-119X, Vol. 121, no 2, p. 83-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the human gut mucosa, specialized M cells deliver intact foreign macromolecules and commensal bacteria from the lumen to organized mucosal lymphoid tissues triggering immune responses. M cells are also major sites of adhesion and invasion for enteric pathogens. The molecular features of M cell apical surfaces that promote microbial normal attachment are still largely unknown. We have demonstrated previously that in the human colonic epithelium, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) are integral components of the apical glycocalyx which participate in epithelial-microbial interactions. In this study, based on the reactivity of specific monoclonal antibodies and on immunoelectron microscopy, we show that M cells of human colonic solitary lymphoid follicles express CEA and CEACAM1 on the apical surface. Recently these highly glycosylated molecules have been characterized as protein receptors for different bacteria. This leads us to propose a role for CEA and CEACAM1 in the adherence of enteric bacteria to the apical membrane of colonic M cells. We also hypothesize that, unlike colonic enterocytes, M cells lack the defense mechanism that eliminates CEA and CEACAM1 upon microbial binding and which is based on vesiculation of microvillus plasma membrane.

  • 2.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Lipids are a constitutive component of cytolytic granules.2000In: Histochemistry and Cell Biology, ISSN 0948-6143, E-ISSN 1432-119X, Vol. 114, no 2, p. 167-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cytolytic granules are specific organelles of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes mediating storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells. A variety of the other granule components may also participate in granule-mediated cytotoxicity. In this study, the subcellular localization of lipids in the granules of human decidual CD56+ natural killer-like cells was determined by staining with malachite green aldehyde and imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide. Lipids were shown, for the first time, to be a constitutive component of cytolytic granules. Lipids formed an additional structural microdomain, located between the granule-limiting membrane and the granule core. Images of the granules on serial sections suggested that intragranular lipids wrap the core. We speculate that granule lipids participate in packing of lytic molecules inside the granules, in autocrine signaling ending granule secretion, and in the killing process.

  • 3.
    Fahlgren, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Frängsmyr, L
    Zoubir, F
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Interferon-gamma tempers the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen family molecules in human colon cells: a possible role in innate mucosal defence.2003In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 58, no 6, p. 628-41Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Four carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)s, i.e. CEA, CEACAM1, CEACAM6 and CEACAM7, are localized to the apical glycocalyx of normal colonic epithelium and have been suggested to play a role in innate immunity. The expression of these molecules in colon carcinoma cells was studied at the mRNA and protein levels after treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta, live bacteria or lipopolysaccharide. The colon carcinoma cell lines LS174T and HT-29 were studied in detail using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoflow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy. IFN-gamma, but not the other agents, modified expression of CEA, CEACAM1 and CEACAM6. None of the agents upregulated CEACAM7 expression. Two expression patterns were seen. HT-29 cells, which initially showed low quantities of mRNAs and proteins, displayed marked upregulation of both mRNAs and proteins. LS174T cells transcribed stable high levels of mRNA before and after treatment. Additionally, IFN-gamma induced increased cell surface expression of CEA, CEACAM1 and CECAM6. IFN-gamma has two important effects on the expression levels of the CEA family molecules in colon epithelial cells: direct upregulation of CEACAM1 and promotion of cell differentiation resulting in increased expression of CEA and CEACAM6 and decreased expression of CEACAM7.

  • 4.
    Fahlgren, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Zoubir, Fairouz
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Interferon-γ tempers the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family molecules – a role in innate colonic defence.2003In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Vol. 58, no 6, p. 628-641Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Prall, F
    Yeung, Moorix Mo-Wai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Wagener, C
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Cell- and region-specific expression of biliary glycoprotein and its messenger RNA in normal human colonic mucosa1995In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 55, no 14, p. 2963-2967Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The localization of biliary glycoprotein (BGP) and its mRNA in normal colonic mucosa was studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. BGP mRNA was confined to columnar epithelial cells and expressed abundantly in the superficial mature cells and at low levels in differentiating cells in the upper crypts. Epithelial expression of BGP coincided with that of BGP mRNA. Ultrastructurally, BGP was localized to microfilaments of the fuzzy coat of the columnar cells at the luminal surface and the upper crypts. Additionally, BGP was found in cryptal caveolated cells. The results are consistent with primary transcriptional regulation of BGP production and suggest that BGP synthesis is controlled by the degree of cytodifferentiation. The fuzzy-coat localization of BGP implies a role in nonspecific defense mechanisms against pathogens.

  • 6.
    Goldsteins, Gundars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Andersson, Karin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Olofsson, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Dacklin, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Edvinsson, Åsa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Sandgren, Ola
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Thylén, Christina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Lundgren, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Characterisation of two highly amyloidogenic mutants of transthyretin1997In: Biochemistry, ISSN 0006-2960, E-ISSN 1520-4995, Vol. 36, no 18, p. 5346-5352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) has the potential to form amyloid under certain conditions. More than 50 different point mutations have been associated with amyloid formation that occurs only in adults. It is not known what structural changes are introduced into the structure of this otherwise stable molecule that results in its aggregation into insoluble amyloid fibrils. On the basis of calculations of the frequency of known mutations over the polypeptide, we have constructed two mutants in the D-strand of the polypeptide. These molecules, containing either a deletion or a substitution at amino acid positions 53−55, were unstable and spontaneously formed aggregates upon storage in TBS (pH 7.6). The precipitates were shown to be amyloid by staining with thioflavin T and Congo Red. Their ultrastructure was very similar to that of amyloid fibrils deposited in the vitreous body of patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type 1 with an amino acid replacement in position 30 (TTRmet30). Like amyloid isolated from the vitreous body of the eye, the amyloid precipitates generated from the TTR mutants exposed a trypsin cleavage site between amino acid residues 48 and 49, while plasma TTRmet30 isolated from amyloidosis patients as well as wild-type TTR only showed minor trypsin sensitivity. Our data indicate that the mutants we have constructed are similar to amyloid precursors or may share structural properties with intermediates on a pathway leading to amyloid deposits of plasma TTR.

  • 7.
    Hammarström, Sten
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Is there a role for CEA in innate immunity in the colon?2001In: Trends in Microbiology, ISSN 0966-842X, E-ISSN 1878-4380, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 119-25Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a well known tumor marker associated with the progression of colorectal tumors. The CEA family of glycoproteins has been fully characterized and the function of some of its members is now beginning to be understood. Here, we advance the hypothesis that, rather than functioning in cell adhesion as has been suggested previously, CEA plays a role in protecting the colonic mucosa from microbial invasion. This hypothesis is based on new microscopic, molecular, phylogenetic and microbiological evidence.

  • 8.
    Hedberg, Maria E
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Moore, Edward RB
    Svensson-Stadler, Liselott
    Hörstedt, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Wai, Sun Nyunt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Lachnoanaerobaculum a new genus in Lachnospiraceae; characterization of Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human small intestine, Lachnoanaerobaculum orale gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from saliva and reclassification of Eubacterium saburreum (Prevot) Holdeman and Moore 1970 as Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum comb. nov.2012In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, ISSN 1466-5026, E-ISSN 1466-5034, Vol. 62, no 11, p. 2685-2690Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two new obligately anaerobic Gram-positive, saccharolytic and non-proteolytic spore-forming bacilli (strain CD3:22 and N1) are described. Strain CD3:22 was isolated from a biopsy of the small intestine of a child with celiac disease and strain N1 from the saliva of a healthy young man. The cells of both strains were observed to be filamentous with lengths of approximately 5 to >20 µm, some of them curving and with swellings. The novel organisms produced H2S, NH3, butyric acid and acetic acid as major metabolic end products. Phylogenetic analyses, based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed close relationships (98 % sequence similarity) between the two isolates, as well as the type strain of Eubacterium saburreum CCUG 28089T and four other Lachnospiraceae bacterium/E. saburreum-like organisms. This group of bacteria were clearly different from any of the 19 known genera in the family Lachnospiraceae. While Eubacterium spp. are reported to be non-spore-forming, reanalysis of E. saburreum CCUG 28089T confirmed that the bacterium, indeed, is able to form spores. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phenotypic and biochemical properties, CD3:22 (CCUG 58757T) and N1 (CCUG 60305T) represent new species of a new and distinct genus, named Lachnoanaerobaculum, in the family Lachnospiraceae [within the order Clostridiales, class Clostridia, phylum Firmicutes]. Strain CD3:22 is the type strain of the type species, Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense gen. nov., sp. nov., of the proposed new genus. Strain N1 is the type strain of the species, Lachnoanaerobaculum orale gen. nov., sp. nov. Moreover, E. saburreum CCUG 28089T is reclassified as Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum comb. nov.

  • 9.
    Hedberg, Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Wai, Sun Nyunt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Moore, Edward
    Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborgs Universitet.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Clostridiales bacterium CD3:22-an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium isolated from small intestine in a celiac disease patient2010Report (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Hedlund, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Kargl, Dominic
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Thermal- and oxidative stress causes enhanced release of NKG2D ligand-bearing immunosuppressive exosomes in leukemia/lymphoma T and B cells2011In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, no 2, p. e16899-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Immune evasion from NK surveillance related to inadequate NK-cell function has been suggested as an explanation of the high incidence of relapse and fatal outcome of many blood malignancies. In this report we have used Jurkat and Raji cell lines as a model for studies of the NKG2D receptor-ligand system in T-and B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunoflow cytometry we show that Jurkat and Raji cells constitutively express mRNA and protein for the stress-inducible NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1 and 2, and up-regulate the expression in a cell-line specific and stress-specific manner. Furthermore, we revealed by electron microscopy, immunoflow cytometry and western blot that these ligands were expressed and secreted on exosomes, nanometer-sized microvesicles of endosomal origin. Acting as a decoy, the NKG2D ligand-bearing exosomes downregulate the in vitro NKG2D receptor-mediated cytotoxicity and thus impair NK-cell function. Interestingly, thermal and oxidative stress enhanced the exosome secretion generating more soluble NKG2D ligands that aggravated the impairment of the cytotoxic response. Taken together, our results might partly explain the clinically observed NK-cell dysfunction in patients suffering from leukemia/lymphoma. The adverse effect of thermal and oxidative stress, enhancing the release of immunosuppressive exosomes, should be considered when cytostatic and hyperthermal anti-cancer therapies are designed.

  • 11.
    Hedlund, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Kargl, Dominic
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Thermal- and oxidative stress causes enhanced release of NKG2D ligand-bearing immunosuppressive exosomes in leukemia/lymphoma T and B cells2011In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, no 2, article id e16899Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Immune evasion from NK surveillance related to inadequate NK-cell function has been suggested as an explanation of the high incidence of relapse and fatal outcome of many blood malignancies. In this report we have used Jurkat and Raji cell lines as a model for studies of the NKG2D receptor-ligand system in T-and B cell leukemia/lymphoma. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunoflow cytometry we show that Jurkat and Raji cells constitutively express mRNA and protein for the stress-inducible NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1 and 2, and up-regulate the expression in a cell-line specific and stress-specific manner. Furthermore, we revealed by electron microscopy, immunoflow cytometry and western blot that these ligands were expressed and secreted on exosomes, nanometer-sized microvesicles of endosomal origin. Acting as a decoy, the NKG2D ligand-bearing exosomes downregulate the in vitro NKG2D receptor-mediated cytotoxicity and thus impair NK-cell function. Interestingly, thermal and oxidative stress enhanced the exosome secretion generating more soluble NKG2D ligands that aggravated the impairment of the cytotoxic response. Taken together, our results might partly explain the clinically observed NK-cell dysfunction in patients suffering from leukemia/lymphoma. The adverse effect of thermal and oxidative stress, enhancing the release of immunosuppressive exosomes, should be considered when cytostatic and hyperthermal anti-cancer therapies are designed.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 12.
    Hedlund, Malin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Stenqvist, Ann-Christin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Kjellberg, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wulff, Marianne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Human placenta expresses and secretes NKG2D ligands via exosomes that down-modulate the cognate receptor expression: evidence for immunosuppressive function2009In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 183, no 1, p. 340-351Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During mammalian pregnancy maternal-fetal tolerance involves a number of immunosuppressive factors produced by placenta. Recently, placenta-derived exosomes have emerged as new immune regulators in the maternal immune tolerance. Exosomes are membrane nanovesicles with defined morphology, which are secreted from endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) upon fusion with the plasma membrane. Previously, we reported that the MHC class I chain-related (MIC) proteins A and B, human ligands of the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D, are expressed by placenta, sorted to MVB of syncytiotrophoblast and probably released via MIC-bearing exosomes. In this report, we show that the second family of human NKG2D ligands, the UL-16 binding proteins (ULBP), is also expressed by placenta. Importantly, this expression was not due to placental CMV infection. Immunoelectron microscopy disclosed that ULBP1-5 are produced and retained in MVB of the syncytiotrophoblast on microvesicles/exosomes. Using human placenta explant cultures and different assays, we demonstrate that exosomes bearing NKG2D ligands are released by human placenta. Isolated placental exosomes carried ULBP1-5 and MIC on their surface and induced down-regulation of the NKG2D receptor on NK, CD8(+), and gammadelta T cells, leading to reduction of their in vitro cytotoxicity without affecting the perforin-mediated lytic pathway. Release of placental NKG2D ligands via exosomes is an alternative mechanism for generation of bioactive soluble form of these ligands. These findings highlight a role for NKG2D ligand-bearing placental exosomes in the fetal immune escape and support the view of placenta as a unique immunosuppressive organ.

  • 13.
    Lundholm, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Schröder, Mona
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Widmark, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Wikström, Pernilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Prostate Tumor-Derived Exosomes Down-Regulate NKG2D Expression on Natural Killer Cells and CD8(+) T Cells: Mechanism of Immune Evasion2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 9, p. e108925-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tumor-derived exosomes, which are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, have emerged as promoters of tumor immune evasion but their role in prostate cancer (PC) progression is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the ability of prostate tumor-derived exosomes to downregulate NKG2D expression on natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T cells. NKG2D is an activating cytotoxicity receptor whose aberrant loss in cancer plays an important role in immune suppression. Using flow cytometry, we found that exosomes produced by human PC cells express ligands for NKG2D on their surface. The NKG2D ligand-expressing prostate tumor-derived exosomes selectively induced downregulation of NKG2D on NK and CD8(+) T cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to impaired cytotoxic function in vitro. Consistent with these findings, patients with castration-resistant PC (CRPC) showed a significant decrease in surface NKG2D expression on circulating NK and CD8(+) T cells compared to healthy individuals. Tumor-derived exosomes are likely involved in this NKG2D downregulation, since incubation of healthy lymphocytes with exosomes isolated from serum or plasma of CRPC patients triggered downregulation of NKG2D expression in effector lymphocytes. These data suggest prostate tumor-derived exosomes as down-regulators of the NKG2D-mediated cytotoxic response in PC patients, thus promoting immune suppression and tumor escape.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Lundqvist, Carina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Athlin, Leif
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Cytokine profile and ultrastructure of intraepithelial lymphocytes in human gut suggest that they are activated cells with T helper 1 and cytotoxic functionsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Lundqvist, Carina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Athlin, Leif
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Evidence for regional specialization and extrathymic T cell maturation in the human gut epithelium1995In: International Immunology, ISSN 0953-8178, E-ISSN 1460-2377, Vol. 7, no 9, p. 1473-1487Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The human gut epithelium is a unique immunological compartment, containing substantial amounts of intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) with unknown functions. In this study we show that distinct and unusual subpopulations of IEL are present at different levels of human intestine. IEL phenotypes in normal jejunum, ileum and colon were compared using immunoflow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The expression of mRNA for recombination-activating gene-1 (RAG-1) in IEL from all three levels was compared using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the morphology of IEL in situ was determined using immunoelectron microscopy. Surface marker profiles of isolated intestinal epithelial cells at all three levels were also investigated. On average the proportion of TCR gamma delta IEL was comparable in jejunum than ileum and colon and varied in phenotype with gut level. CD4-CD8-TCR alpha beta IEL dominated in colon but were absent in jejunum. CD8+ TCR alpha beta IEL were present at all levels but only in jejunum did they constitute the majority of all IEL. CD4+ TCR alpha beta IEL were present in similar frequencies at all levels of the gut. In general, the majority of IEL had an activated phenotype (CD45RO+, alpha E beta 7+). Furthermore, IEL exhibited phenotypes which are rare in peripheral blood. The thymocyte markers CD1a and CD1c as well as the NK cell marker CD56 were expressed on a fraction of TCR alpha beta and TCR gamma delta IEL. A small population of 'null' cells (CD45+ TCR/CD#-CD20-CD14-CD15- cells) was also present at equal proportions along the gut. Jejunal but not colonic IEL expressed RAG-1 mRNA suggesting that extrathymic T cell maturation occurs in the epithelium of small intestine. RAG-1 was expressed in CD2+TCR/CD3- and CD3+/TCR-IEL. Ultrastructurally, IEL often formed small clusters and intimate contacts with epithelial cells, suggesting cell cooperation within the epithelium. Some IEL had pseudopodium-like extensions penetrating the epithelial basement membrane suggesting transmigration. Epithelial cells in small intestine but not colon expressed heat shock protein 60 and HLA-DR. CD1a, CD1b and CD1c were not expressed on intestinal epithelial cells at any level. The distinct surface marker profiles of IEL and epithelial cells along small and large intestine suggest functional regional specialization and are compatible with the hypothesis that TCR alpha beta IEL participate in immune reactions to lumenal antigens while TCR gamma delta IEL perform surveillance of the epithelium.

  • 16.
    Lundqvist, Carina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Teglund, S
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Cytokine profile and ultrastructure of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells in chronically inflamed human gingiva suggest a cytotoxic effector function1994In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 153, no 5, p. 2302-2312Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have shown that gamma delta T cells in human gingiva have an intraepithelial location and, that in the chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis, the expression of CD45RO and CD8 or CD4 is induced on gamma delta T cells. To study the role of gamma delta T cells in local antibacterial responses, we determined the cytokine profiles of isolated human gingival cells. Different T cell subpopulations, isolated by positive selection with mAb-coated magnetic beads and macrophages, as well as epithelial cells, were analyzed for expression of mRNA for 15 cytokines by reverse transcriptase-PCR. The ultrastructure of gingival gamma delta T cells was also studied. The gamma delta T cells expressed mRNA for IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, and IL-6. Expression of IFN-gamma was a consequence of inflammation. CD4+ gamma delta T cells expressed IFN-gamma only, whereas CD8+ gamma delta T cells expressed all four cytokines. CD8+ cells expressing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in combination suggest a cytotoxic effector function. Gingival gamma delta T cells contained cytoplasmic electron-dense membrane-bound granules and multivesicular bodies that are ultrastructural characteristics of cytotoxic cells. Epithelial cells from inflamed gingiva expressed HLA-DR, CD1a, CD1c, and heat shock protein 60 on the cell surface. They also expressed mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1. Thus, epithelial cells may function as accessory cells in immune activation and, at the same time, be target cells for CD8+ gamma delta T cells reactive with CD1 Ag or heat shock protein. These results suggest that gamma delta T cells constitute a first line of defense in gingiva, preventing entrance of pathogens by cytotoxicity against infected and stressed epithelial cells, and by control of epithelial cell growth through secretion of regulatory cytokines.

  • 17. Maguire, Casey A.
    et al.
    Balaj, Leonora
    Sivaraman, Sarada
    Crommentuijn, Matheus H. W.
    Ericsson, Maria
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Gianni, Davide
    Tannous, Bakhos A.
    Sena-Esteves, Miguel
    Breakefield, Xandra O.
    Skog, Johan
    Microvesicle-associated AAV Vector as a Novel Gene Delivery System2012In: Molecular Therapy, ISSN 1525-0016, E-ISSN 1525-0024, Vol. 20, no 5, p. 960-971Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have shown remarkable efficiency for gene delivery to cultured cells and in animal models of human disease. However, limitations to AAV vectored gene transfer exist after intravenous transfer, including off-target gene delivery (e.g., liver) and low transduction of target tissue. Here, we show that during production, a fraction of AAV vectors are associated with microvesicles/exosomes, termed vexosomes (vector-exosomes). AAV capsids associated with the surface and in the interior of microvesicles were visualized using electron microscopy. In cultured cells, vexosomes outperformed conventionally purified AAV vectors in transduction efficiency. We found that purified vexosomes were more resistant to a neutralizing anti-AAV antibody compared to conventionally purified AAV. Finally, we show that vexosomes bound to magnetic beads can be attracted to a magnetized area in cultured cells. Vexosomes represent a unique entity which offers a promising strategy to improve gene delivery.

  • 18.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Placenta-derived exosomes and syncytiotrophoblast microparticles and their role in human reproduction: immune modulation for pregnancy success2014In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, E-ISSN 1600-0897, Vol. 72, no 5, p. 440-457Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) of human placenta constitutively produces and secretes extracellular vesicles of different size, morphology and function that enter the maternal circulation, and participate in the maternal-fetal cross-talk during pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast-derived microvesicles/microparticles (STBM) are larger microvesicles (0.2-2m) shed by the apical plasma membrane of the STB as a result of cell activation and turnover. Simultaneously with the STBM shedding, the STB produces and secretes exosomes - nanosized (30-100/150nm) membrane-bound microvesicles that originate from the endosomal compartment. They convey cell-cell contact by proxy' transporting signals/packages of information between donor and recipient cells locally or/and at a distance. STBM and exosomes, delivered directly in the maternal blood surrounding the chorionic villi of the placenta, have contrasting biological functions. While the exosomes are immunosuppressive down regulating maternal immunity in pluripotent ways, the main effects of STBM on the maternal immune system are pro-inflammatory, immune activating, and pro-coagulant. Since both STBM and exosomes are present in the maternal circulation throughout normal pregnancy logical questions are what is the net effect of these vesicles on the maternal immune system and is this effect beneficial or detrimental to pregnancy. In this review, the current knowledge about placenta-derived extracellular vesicles with a main focus on exosomes is summarized and discussed. In a concluding remark, a hypothetical proposal on how STBM and exosomes might interact in pregnancy is discussed and a way to evaluate this interaction is suggested.

  • 19.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    The role of placental exosomes in reproduction2010In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology, ISSN 8755-8920, Vol. 63, no 6, p. 520-533Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cell communication comprises cell-cell contact, soluble mediators and intercellular nanotubes. There is, however, another cell-cell communication by released membrane-bound microvesicles that convey cell-cell contact 'by proxy' transporting signals/packages of information from donor to recipient cells locally and/or at a distance. The nanosized exosomes comprise a specialized type of microvesicles generated within multivesicular bodies (MVB) and released upon MVB fusion with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are produced by a variety of immune, epithelial and tumor cells. Upon contact, exosomes transfer molecules that can render new properties and/or reprogram their recipient cells. Recently, it was discovered that the syncytiotrophoblast constitutively and throughout the pregnancy secretes exosomes. The placenta-derived exosomes are immunosuppressive and carry proteins and RNA molecules that in a redundant way influence a number of mechanisms and promote the fetal allograft survival. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the nature of placenta-derived exosomes and discuss their role in pregnancy.

  • 20.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Dehlin, Eva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cultures of tissue explants and cell lines2016In: Current Protocols in Immunology, ISSN 1934-3671, Vol. 2016, p. 14.42.1-14.42.21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exosomes are specialized, nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin actively secreted into the extracellular space by a variety of cells under normal and pathological conditions. Exosomes have recently emerged as important intercellular communicators and modulators of diverse mechanisms and cellular responses. Characterization of their composition and functionwill open possibilities for new diagnostic methods and promising therapeutic approaches based on nanobiology. This unit provides a standard isolation procedure for purification of exosomes based on density gradient ultracentrifugation with sucrose. The process of isolating exosomes relies on obtaining proper source fluids/supernatants as well as qualitative and quantitative assessment of the isolated vesicles. The methodological procedures here can be divided in three parts: (1) pre-isolation procedures aiming to obtain fluids containing exosomes, with a focus on protocols for organ explants and cell cultures; (2) a procedure for exosome isolation with several gradient alternatives; and (3) post-isolation procedures for estimating the purity and yield of the exosomal fraction.

  • 21.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Yeung, M M
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Immunomorphologic studies of human decidua-associated lymphoid cells in normal early pregnancy.1994In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 152, no 4, p. 2020-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human decidual lymphocytes from early, normal pregnancy were characterized in situ with respect to ultrastructure and distribution of subsets. The ultrastructure of isolated decidual gamma delta T cells was also studied. CD45+ cells comprised 11 +/- 2% of all decidual cells. The majority were localized in large lymphoid cell clusters (LCC), near endometrial glands, or as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in glandular epithelium. The major cell populations in LCC were CD56+TCR-gamma delta+ cells, CD56+ cells, TCR-alpha beta+CD4+ cells, and TCR-alpha beta+CD8+ cells. All expressed activation markers (CD45RO, Kp43, and/or HML-1) and MHC class II Ag (HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and/or HLA-DQ). No B cells were found. Almost all IEL were activated TCR-gamma delta+ cells (CD56+ and CD56-). The glandular epithelial cells expressed heat shock protein 60 at the basolateral side facing the TCR-gamma delta+ IEL. Decidual lymphocytes displayed cytoplasmic processes, microvilli, characteristic cytoplasmic granules, and had intimate contact with neighboring cells. Lymphocytes in the outer rim of LCC and the stroma showed signs of cellular movement. Two main morphotypes of gamma delta T cells could be distinguished. One had single microvilli, membrane-bound granules, and nuclear inclusions. The other had many microvilli, nonmembrane-bound granules and cytoplasmic multivesicular bodies. Our data suggest that LCC are centers of immune reactivity where T and NK cells become activated. The activated cells may guard against infections and undue trophoblast invasion and/or be involved in modulating the local maternal immune system toward unresponsiveness against the semiallogeneic fetus.

  • 22.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Kling, M
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Nagaeva, O
    Sundqvist, K G
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Gamma delta T cells of human early pregnancy decidua: evidence for local proliferation, phenotypic heterogeneity, and extrathymic differentiation.1997In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 159, no 7, p. 3266-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The uterine mucosa in pregnancy, the decidua, allows placenta formation and survival of the fetus despite the fact that it is semiallogeneic. Decidua contains large numbers of lymphocytes, of which CD56+ cells dominate, followed by T cells expressing either alpha beta or gamma delta TCR. We have investigated the developmental relationship between the CD56- and TCR gamma delta-expressing cells in early pregnancy decidua using dual labeling immunoelectron microscopy, immunoflow cytometry, and cell fractionation. Lymphocyte subpopulations were, in addition, analyzed for expression of the cytokine receptor for IL-7 and c-kit and for mRNA expression of recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2. Four different cell populations could be distinguished: CD56+bright, CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+low, CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+high, and TCR gamma delta+low. Recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2 were expressed in the CD56+bright cells and to a limited degree in CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+low cells. c-kit was preferentially expressed on the CD56+bright cells, while IL-7R was preferentially expressed on CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+low and CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+high cells. The CD56+dim TCR gamma delta+low and CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+high cells displayed the characteristic morphology of large granular lymphocytes, while single positive TCR gamma delta+low cells were usually smaller and did not contain cytoplasmic granules. The gamma delta 1 gene segment was almost exclusively used in the TCR. Gamma delta T cells in mitosis were seen. We suggest that human early pregnancy decidua is a transient site for extrathymic maturation and that the progenitors of TCR gamma delta+ cells are bone marrow-derived immature cells expressing the CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule) homing receptor.

  • 23.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Chen, Ting
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Stendahl, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Antsiferova, Julia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Mogren, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Hernestål, Jenny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Placenta-derived soluble MHC class I chain-related molecules down-regulate NKG2D receptor on peripheral blood mononuclear cells during human pregnancy: a possible novel immune escape mechanism for fetal survival2006In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 176, no 6, p. 3585-3592Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Muthukrishnan, Uma
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM).
    Natarajan, Balasubramanian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Mäger, Imre
    Levén May, Hanna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    Jones, Iwan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM).
    Corso, Giulia
    Nordin, Joel Z.
    Wiklander, Oscar
    Johansson, Henrik J.
    Lehtiö, Janne
    Hällbrink, Mattias
    Wood, Matthew J.
    Sandblad, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Nagaev, Ivan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Rome, Sophie
    Pini, Adrian
    Andaloussi, Samir EL
    Gilthorpe, Jonathan D.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience.
    The exosome membrane localization of histones is independent of DNA and upregulated in response to stressManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Extracellular histones contribute to many acute and chronic diseases but also populate the secretomes of healthy cells and biofluids. However, a secretory pathway for histones has not been described. Here we report that core and linker histones localize to multivesicular bodies and are secreted via exosomes. Histones are tightly associated with the exosome membrane, with N-terminal domains exposed, in a DNA-independent manner. Furthermore, rapid upregulation of exosomal histones occurs following heat stress, accompanied by enhanced vesicle secretion and a shift towards a population of smaller vesicles. Proteomic analyses identified the downregulation of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex as a possible mechanism underlying increased histone secretion.We show for the first time that membrane-associated histones are actively secreted from intact cells via the multivesicular body/exosomal pathway. We demonstrate a novel pathway for extracellular histone release that may have a role in both health and disease.

  • 25.
    Nilsson, Jonas
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Skog, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Nordstrand, Annika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Breakefield, X O
    Widmark, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes: a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer.2009In: British journal of cancer, ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 100, no 10, p. 1603-1607Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Herein, we describe a novel approach in the search for prostate cancer biomarkers, which relies on the transcriptome within tumour exosomes. As a proof-of-concept, we show the presence of two known prostate cancer biomarkers, PCA-3 and TMPRSS2:ERG the in exosomes isolated from urine of patients, showing the potential for diagnosis and monitoring cancer patients status.

  • 26.
    Ou, Gangwei
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Lundmark, E
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Contribution of intestinal epithelial cells to innate immunity of the human gut: studies on polarized monolayers of colon carcinoma cells2009In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 69, no 2, p. 150-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to establish an in vitro model for studies of innate defence mechanisms of human intestinal epithelium. Ultrastructural characterization and determination of mRNA expression levels for apical glycocalyx and mucous components showed that polarized, tight monolayers of the colon carcinoma cell lines T84 and Caco2 acquire the features of mature- and immature columnar epithelial cells, respectively. Polarized monolayers were challenged with non-pathogenic Gram+ and Gram- bacteria from the apical side and the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from the basolateral side. Immune responses were estimated as changes in mRNA expression levels for the mucous component mucin-2 (MUC2), the glycocalyx components carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CEA-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1), CEACAM6, CEACAM7 and MUC3, the antimicrobial factors human beta-defensin-1 (hBD1), hBD2, hBD3 and lysozyme, the chemokine IL-8 and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Tight monolayer cells were generally unresponsive to bacterial challenge, but increased their hBD2 levels when challenged with Bacillus megaterium. T84 cells also increased their TNF-alpha levels upon bacterial challenge. Tight monolayer cells responded to cytokine challenge suggesting awareness of basolateral attack. TNF-alpha induced significantly increased levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha itself in both cell lines suggesting recruitment and activation of immune cells in the underlying mucosa in vivo. Cytokine challenge also increased levels of CEACAM1, which includes two functionally different forms, CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S. In T84 cells, IFN-gamma was selective for CEACAM1-L while TNF-alpha upregulated both forms. Increased CEACAM1 expression may influence epithelial function and communication between epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes.

  • 27.
    Ou, Gangwei
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hedberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hörstedt, Per
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Forsberg, Göte
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Drobni, Mirva
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Sandström, Olof
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Wai, Sun Nyunt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Proximal small intestinal microbiota and identification of rod-shaped bacteria associated with childhood celiac disease2009In: American Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0002-9270, E-ISSN 1572-0241, Vol. 104, no 12, p. 3058-3067Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Alterations in the composition of the microbiota in the intestine may promote development of celiac disease (CD). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we previously demonstrated that rod-shaped bacteria were present on the epithelium of proximal small intestine in children with CD but not in controls. In this study we characterize the microbiota of proximal small intestine in children with CD and controls and identify CD-associated rod-shaped bacteria. METHODS: Proximal small intestine biopsies from 45 children with CD and 18 clinical controls were studied. Bacteria were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing in DNA extracted from biopsies washed with buffer containing dithiothreitol to enrich bacteria adhering to the epithelial lining, by culture-based methods and by SEM and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The normal, mucosa-associated microbiota of proximal small intestine was limited. It was dominated by the genera Streptococcus and Neisseria, and also contained Veillonella, Gemella, Actinomyces, Rothia, and Haemophilus. The proximal small intestine microbiota in biopsies from CD patients collected during 2004-2007 differed only marginally from that of controls, and only one biopsy (4%) had rod-shaped bacteria by SEM (SEM+). In nine frozen SEM+ CD biopsies from the previous study, microbiotas were significantly enriched in Clostridium, Prevotella, and Actinomyces compared with SEM- biopsies. Bacteria of all three genera were isolated from children born during the Swedish CD epidemic. New Clostridium and Prevotella species and Actinomyces graevenitzii were tentatively identified. CONCLUSIONS: Rod-shaped bacteria, probably of the indicated species, constituted a significant fraction of the proximal small intestine microbiota in children born during the Swedish CD epidemic and may have been an important risk factor for CD contributing to the fourfold increase in disease incidence in children below 2 years of age during that time.

  • 28. Skogberg, Gabriel
    et al.
    Gudmundsdottir, Judith
    van der Post, Sjoerd
    Sandström, Kerstin
    Bruhn, Sören
    Benson, Mikael
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Telemo, Esbjörn
    Ekwall, Olov
    Characterization of human thymic exosomes2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 7, p. e67554-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exosomes are nanosized membrane-bound vesicles that are released by various cell types and are capable of carrying proteins, lipids and RNAs which can be delivered to recipient cells. Exosomes play a role in intercellular communication and have been described to mediate immunologic information. In this article we report the first isolation and characterization of exosomes from human thymic tissue. Using electron microscopy, particle size determination, density gradient measurement, flow cytometry, proteomic analysis and microRNA profiling we describe the morphology, size, density, protein composition and microRNA content of human thymic exosomes. The thymic exosomes share characteristics with previously described exosomes such as antigen presentation molecules, but they also exhibit thymus specific features regarding surface markers, protein content and microRNA profile. Interestingly, thymic exosomes carry proteins that have a tissue restricted expression in the periphery which may suggest a role in T cell selection and the induction of central tolerance. We speculate that thymic exosomes may provide the means for intercellular information exchange necessary for negative selection and regulatory T cell formation of the developing thymocytes within the human thymic medulla.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 29.
    Stenqvist, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Exosomes secreted by human placenta carry functional Fas ligand and TRAIL molecules and convey apoptosis in activated immune cells, suggesting exosome-mediated immune privilege of the fetus2013In: Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0022-1767, E-ISSN 1550-6606, Vol. 191, no 11, p. 5515-5523Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Apoptosis is crucially important in mediating immune privilege of the fetus during pregnancy. We investigated the expression and in vitro apoptotic activity of two physiologically relevant death messengers, the TNF family members Fas ligand (FasL) and TRAIL in human early and term placentas. Both molecules were intracellularly expressed, confined to the late endosomal compartment of the syncytiotrophoblast, and tightly associated to the generation and secretion of placental exosomes. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we show that FasL and TRAIL are expressed on the limiting membrane of multivesicular bodies where, by membrane invagination, intraluminal microvesicles carrying membranal bioactive FasL and TRAIL are formed and released in the extracellular space as exosomes. Analyzing exosomes secreted from placental explant cultures, to our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that FasL and TRAIL are clustered on the exosomal membrane as oligomerized aggregates ready to form death-inducing signaling complex. Consistently, placental FasL-and TRAIL-carrying exosomes triggered apoptosis in Jurkat T cells and activated PBMC in a dose-dependent manner. Limiting the expression of functional FasL and TRAIL to exosomes comprise a dual benefit: 1) storage of exosomal FasL and TRAIL in multivesicular bodies is protected from proteolytic cleavage and 2) upon secretion, delivery of preformed membranal death molecules by exosomes rapidly triggers apoptosis. Our results suggest that bioactive FasL-and TRAIL-carrying exosomes, able to convey apoptosis, are secreted by the placenta and tie up the immunomodulatory and protective role of human placenta to its exosome-secreting ability.

  • 30. Yeung, M M
    et al.
    Melgar, S
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Oberg, A
    Danielsson, A
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Characterisation of mucosal lymphoid aggregates in ulcerative colitis: immune cell phenotype and TcR-gammadelta expression.2000In: Gut, ISSN 0017-5749, E-ISSN 1468-3288, Vol. 47, no 2, p. 215-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A histopathological feature considered indicative of ulcerative colitis (UC) is the so-called basal lymphoid aggregates. Their relevance in the pathogenesis of UC is, however, unknown. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of the immune cells in these aggregates most likely corresponding to the lymphoid follicular hyperplasia also described in other colitides.

    METHODS: Resection specimens of UC and normal colon were analysed by immunomorphometry, immunoflow cytometry, and immunoelectron microscopy, using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies.

    RESULTS: (1) In all cases of UC, colonic lamina propria contained numerous basal aggregates composed of lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, and CD80/B7.1 positive dendritic cells. (2) CD4(+)CD28(-) alphabeta T cells and B cells were the dominant cell types in the aggregates. (3) The aggregates contained a large fraction of cells that are normally associated with the epithelium: that is, gammadelta T cells (11 (7)%) and alpha(E)beta(7)(+) cells (26 (13)%). The gammadelta T cells used Vdelta1 and were CD4(-)CD8(-). Immunoelectron microscopy analysis demonstrated TcR-gammadelta internalisation and surface downregulation, indicating that the gammadelta T cells were activated and engaged in the disease process. (4) One third of cells in the aggregates expressed the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2.

    CONCLUSIONS: Basal lymphoid aggregates in UC colon are a consequence of anomalous lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, characterised by abnormal follicular architecture and unusual cell immunophenotypes. The aggregates increase in size with severity of disease, and contain large numbers of apoptosis resistant cells and activated mucosal gammadelta T cells. The latter probably colonise the aggregates as an immunoregulatory response to stressed lymphocytes or as a substitute for defective T helper cells in B cell activation. gammadelta T cells in the aggregates may be characteristic of UC.

  • 31. Yeung, M-W
    et al.
    Melgar, S
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Öberg, Å
    Danielsson, Å
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Characterization of mucosal lymphoid aggregates in ulcerative colitis colon: Immune cell phenotypes and TcR-gammadelta expression.2000In: Gut, ISSN 0017-5749, E-ISSN 1468-3288, Vol. 47, p. 215-227Article in journal (Refereed)
1 - 31 of 31
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf