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  • 1.
    Andersen, Grethe
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology.
    Hägglund, M
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Petrovska, R
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Wikberg, J E S
    Quantitative measurement of the levels of melanocortin receptor subtype 1, 2, 3 and 5 and pro-opio-melanocortin peptide gene expression in subsets of human peripheral blood leucocytes2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 61, no 3, p. 279-284Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Levels of the melanocortin receptor (MCR) 1, 2, 3 and 5 subtypes and pro-opio-melanocortin (POMC) protein mRNA were measured by the real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method in CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, CD8+ T cytotoxic cells, CD19+ B cells, CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD15+ granulocytes from healthy donors. We found high levels of all of the MC1, 2, 3 and 5R subtype mRNA in Th cells and moderate levels in NK cells, monocytes and granulocytes. POMC peptide mRNA was found in all examined leucocyte subsets, but only low levels were present in granulocytes. Our findings suggest a co-ordinating role for MCR subtypes and their naturally occurring ligands in the co-operation between innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, our findings are compatible with earlier finding of MCR-mediated tolerance induction in Th cells.

  • 2.
    Ballmann, Mónika Z.
    et al.
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Raus, Svjetlana
    Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Engelhart, Ruben
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Kaján, Gyõzõ L.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Beqqali, Abdelaziz
    Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Hadoke, Patrick W.F.
    Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    van der Zalm, Chantal
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Papp, Tibor
    Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Lijo, John
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Khan, Selina
    Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Boedhoe, Satish
    Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Danskog, Katarina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Custers, Jerome
    Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Bakker, Wilfried A.M.
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    van der Schaar, Hilde M.
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Lemckert, Angelique A.C.
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Havenga, Menzo
    Batavia Biosciences B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
    Baker, Andrew H.
    Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
    Human AdV-20-42-42, a promising novel adenoviral vector for gene therapy and vaccine product development2021In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 95, no 22, article id e00387-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Preexisting immune responses toward adenoviral vectors limit the use of a vector based on particular serotypes and its clinical applicability for gene therapy and/or vaccination. Therefore, there is a significant interest in vectorizing novel adenoviral types that have low seroprevalence in the human population. Here, we describe the discovery and vectorization of a chimeric human adenovirus, which we call HAdV-20-42-42. Full-genome sequencing revealed that this virus is closely related to human serotype 42, except for the penton base, which is derived from serotype 20. The HAdV-20-42-42 vector could be propagated stably to high titers on existing E1-complementing packaging cell lines. Receptor-binding studies revealed that the vector utilized both CAR and CD46 as receptors for cell entry. Furthermore, the HAdV-20-42-42 vector was potent in transducing human and murine cardiovascular cells and tissues, irrespective of the presence of blood coagulation factor X. In vivo characterizations demonstrate that when delivered intravenously (i.v.) in mice, HAdV-20-42-42 mainly targeted the lungs, liver, and spleen and triggered robust inflammatory immune responses. Finally, we demonstrate that potent T-cell responses against vector-delivered antigens could be induced upon intramuscular vaccination in mice. In summary, from the data obtained we conclude that HAdV-20-42-42 provides a valuable addition to the portfolio of adenoviral vectors available to develop efficacious products in the fields of gene therapy and vaccination.

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  • 3.
    Becker, Miriam
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
    Conca, Dario Valter
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Dorma, Noemi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Mistry, Nitesh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Hahlin, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Bally, Marta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Gerold, Gisa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
    Efficient clathrin-mediated entry of enteric adenoviruses in human duodenal cells2023In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 97, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Enteric adenovirus types F40 and 41 (EAdVs) are a leading cause of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated death in young children and have recently been proposed to cause acute hepatitis in children. EAdVs have a unique capsid architecture and exhibit — unlike other human adenoviruses — a relatively strict tropism for gastrointestinal tissues with, to date, understudied infection mechanism and unknown target cells. In this study, we turn to potentially limiting host factors by comparing EAdV entry in cell lines with respiratory and intestinal origin by cellular perturbation, virus particle tracking, and transmission electron microscopy. Our analyses highlight kinetic advantages for EAdVs in duodenal HuTu80 cell infection and reveal a larger fraction of mobile particles, faster virus uptake, and infectious particle entry in intestinal cells. Moreover, EAdVs display a dependence on clathrin- and dynamin-dependent pathways in intestinal cells. Detailed knowledge of virus entry routes and host factor requirements is essential to understanding pathogenesis and developing new countermeasures. Hence, this study provides novel insights into the entry mechanisms of a medically important virus with emerging tropism in a cell line originating from a relevant tissue. IMPORTANCE Enteric adenoviruses have historically been difficult to grow in cell culture, which has resulted in lack of knowledge of host factors and pathways required for infection of these medically relevant viruses. Previous studies in non-intestinal cell lines showed slow infection kinetics and generated comparatively low virus yields compared to other adenovirus types. We suggest duodenum-derived HuTu80 cells as a superior cell line for studies to complement efforts using complex intestinal tissue models. We show that viral host cell factors required for virus entry differ between cell lines from distinct origins and demonstrate the importance of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

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  • 4.
    Caraballo, Rémi
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    Saleeb, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    Bauer, Johannes
    Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany.
    Liaci, Antonio-Manuel
    Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany.
    Chandra, Naresh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Storm, Rickard J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Stehle, Thilo
    Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Germany ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    Triazole linker-based trivalent sialic acid inhibitors of adenovirus type 37 infection of human corneal epithelial cells2015In: Organic and biomolecular chemistry, ISSN 1477-0520, E-ISSN 1477-0539, Vol. 13, no 35, p. 9194-9205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) is one of the principal agents responsible for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe ocular infection that remains without any available treatment. Recently, a trivalent sialic acid derivative (ME0322, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 6519) was shown to function as a highly potent inhibitor of Ad37, efficiently preventing the attachment of the virion to the host cells and subsequent infection. Here, new trivalent sialic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory properties against Ad37 infection of the human corneal epithelial cells were investigated. In comparison to ME0322, the best compound (17a) was found to be over three orders of magnitude more potent in a cell-attachment assay (IC50 = 1.4 nM) and about 140 times more potent in a cell-infection assay (IC50 = 2.9nM). X-ray crystallographic analysis demonstrated a trivalent binding mode of all compounds to the Ad37 fiber knob. For the most potent compound ophthalmic toxicity in rabbits was investigated and it was concluded that repeated eye administration did not cause any adverse effects.

  • 5.
    Chandra, Naresh
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Decoy Receptor Interactions as Novel Drug Targets against EKC-Causing Human Adenovirus2019In: Viruses, E-ISSN 1999-4915, Vol. 11, no 3, article id E242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular disease and can lead to visual impairment. Human adenovirus type-37 (HAdV-D37) is one of the major causative agents of EKC and uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors. Currently, there are no approved antivirals available for the treatment of EKC. Recently, we have reported that sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) bind to HAdV-D37 via the fiber knob (FK) domain of the viral fiber protein and function as decoy receptors. Based on this finding, we speculated that GAG-mimetics may act as artificial decoy receptors and inhibit HAdV-D37 infection. Repurposing of approved drugs to identify new antivirals has drawn great attention in recent years. Here, we report the antiviral effect of suramin, a WHO-approved drug and a widely known GAG-mimetic, against HAdV-D37. Commercially available suramin analogs also show antiviral effects against HAdV-D37. We demonstrate that suramin exerts its antiviral activity by inhibiting the attachment of HAdV-D37 to cells. We also reveal that the antiviral effect of suramin is HAdV species-specific. Collectively, in this proof of concept study, we demonstrate for the first time that virus binding to a decoy receptor constitutes a novel and an unexplored target for antiviral drug development.

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  • 6.
    Chandra, Naresh
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Imhof, Sophie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Caraballo, Rémi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Sialic Acid-Containing Glycans as Cellular Receptors for Ocular Human Adenoviruses: Implications for Tropism and Treatment2019In: Viruses, E-ISSN 1999-4915, Vol. 11, no 5, article id 395Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are the most common cause of ocular infections. Species B human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-B3) causes pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF), whereas HAdV-D8, -D37, and -D64 cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Recently, HAdV-D53, -D54, and -D56 emerged as new EKC-causing agents. HAdV-E4 is associated with both PCF and EKC. We have previously demonstrated that HAdV-D37 uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, and the virus interaction with SA is mediated by the knob domain of the viral fiber protein. Here, by means of cell-based assays and using neuraminidase (a SA-cleaving enzyme), we investigated whether ocular HAdVs other than HAdV-D37 also use SA-containing glycans as receptors on HCE cells. We found that HAdV-E4 and -D56 infect HCE cells independent of SAs, whereas HAdV-D53 and -D64 use SAs as cellular receptors. HAdV-D8 and -D54 fiber knobs also bound to cell-surface SAs. Surprisingly, HCE cells were found resistant to HAdV-B3 infection. We also demonstrated that the SA-based molecule i.e., ME0462, designed to bind to SA-binding sites on the HAdV-D37 fiber knob, efficiently prevents binding and infection of several EKC-causing HAdVs. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed a direct interaction between ME0462 and fiber knobs. Altogether, we demonstrate that SA-containing glycans serve as receptors for multiple EKC-causing HAdVs, and, that SA-based compound function as a broad-spectrum antiviral against known and emerging EKC-causing HAdVs.

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  • 7.
    Chandra, Naresh
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Liu, Yan
    Liu, Jing-Xia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Wu, Nian
    Silva, Lisete M
    Lindström, Mona
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Chai, Wengang
    Domellöf, Fatima Pedrosa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Feizi, Ten
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Viral Decoy Receptors for Human Adenovirus Type 372019In: Viruses, E-ISSN 1999-4915, Vol. 11, no 3, article id E247Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Glycans on plasma membranes and in secretions play important roles in infection by many viruses. Species D human adenovirus type 37 (HAdV-D37) is a major cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and infects target cells by interacting with sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans via the fiber knob domain of the viral fiber protein. HAdV-D37 also interacts with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), but the outcome of this interaction remains unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular requirements of HAdV-D37 fiber knob:GAG interactions using a GAG microarray and demonstrated that fiber knob interacts with a broad range of sulfated GAGs. These interactions were corroborated in cell-based assays and by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Removal of heparan sulfate (HS) and sulfate groups from human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells by heparinase III and sodium chlorate treatments, respectively, reduced HAdV-D37 binding to cells. Remarkably, removal of HS by heparinase III enhanced the virus infection. Our results suggest that interaction of HAdV-D37 with sulfated GAGs in secretions and on plasma membranes prevents/delays the virus binding to SA-containing receptors and inhibits subsequent infection. We also found abundant HS in the basement membrane of the human corneal epithelium, which may act as a barrier to sub-epithelial infection. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the role of GAGs as viral decoy receptors and highlight the therapeutic potential of GAGs and/or GAG-mimetics in HAdV-D37 infection.

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  • 8.
    Eriksson, Christer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Danielsson Niemi, Liza
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Loimaranta, Vuokko
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Holmskov, U
    Bergman, T
    Leffler, H
    Jenkinson, HF
    Strömberg, Nicklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Variant size- and glycoforms of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein gp-340 with differential bacterial aggregation2007In: Glycoconjugate Journal, ISSN 0282-0080, E-ISSN 1573-4986, Vol. 24, no 2-3, p. 131-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Glycoprotein gp-340 aggregates bacteria in saliva as part of innate defence at mucosal surfaces. We have detected size- and glycoforms of gp-340 between human saliva samples (n = 7) and lung gp-340 from a proteinosis patient using antibodies and lectins in Western blots and ELISA measurements. Western blots of saliva samples, and of gp-340 purified, from the seven donors using a gp-340 specific antibody distinguished four gp-340 size variants, designated I to IV (n = 2,2,2 and 1). While saliva gp-340 variants I to III had single bands of increasing sizes, variant IV and lung gp-340 had double bands. Purified I to IV proteins all revealed a N-terminal sequence TGGWIP upon Edman degradation. Moreover, purified gp-340 from the seven donors and lung gp-340 shared N-glycans, sialylated Galbeta1-3GalNAc and (poly)lactosamine structures. However, the larger size gp-340 grouping II/III (n = 4) and smaller size grouping I/IV correlated with a secretor, Se(+), and a non secretor, Se(-), dependent glycoform of gp-340, respectively (p = 0.03). The Se(+) glycoforms contained ABH, Le(b), Le(y) and polylactosamine structures, while the Se(-) glycoforms lacked ABH antigens but expressed Le(a), Le(x) and lactosamine structures. By contrast, lung gp-340 completely lacked ABH, Le(a/b), Le(x/y) or sLe(x) structures. Gp-340 and secretor typing of saliva from additional donors (n = 29) showed gp-340 glycoforms I to IV for 6, 16, 4 and 0 donors, respectively, and 3 non-typeable donors, and verified that gp-340 glycoforms I and II/III correlate with Se(-) and Se(+) phenotypes, respectively (p < 0.0001). The glycoforms of saliva and lung gp-340 mediated differential aggregation of Le(b)- (Helicobacter pylori), sialylpolylactosamine- (Streptococcus suis) or sialic acid- (Streptococcus mutans) binding bacteria. In conclusion, variant size- and glycoforms of gp-340 are expressed by different individuals and may modulate the biological properties of gp-340 pertinent to health and disease.

  • 9.
    Fahlgren, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Zoubir, Fairouz
    Hammarström, Marie-Louise
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Interferon-γ tempers the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family molecules – a role in innate colonic defence.2003In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Vol. 58, no 6, p. 628-641Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Nagaeva, Olga
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Stendahl, Ulf
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Onkologi.
    Kjellberg, Lennart
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences.
    Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Cytoplasmic microvesicular form of Fas ligand in human early placenta: switching the tissue immune privilege hypothesis from cellular to vesicular level2004In: Mol Hum Reprod, ISSN 1360-9947, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 35-41Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Baranov, Vladimir
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Immunology.
    Prall, F
    Yeung, Moorix Mo-Wai
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Wagener, C
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Cell- and region-specific expression of biliary glycoprotein and its messenger RNA in normal human colonic mucosa1995In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 55, no 14, p. 2963-2967Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The localization of biliary glycoprotein (BGP) and its mRNA in normal colonic mucosa was studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. BGP mRNA was confined to columnar epithelial cells and expressed abundantly in the superficial mature cells and at low levels in differentiating cells in the upper crypts. Epithelial expression of BGP coincided with that of BGP mRNA. Ultrastructurally, BGP was localized to microfilaments of the fuzzy coat of the columnar cells at the luminal surface and the upper crypts. Additionally, BGP was found in cryptal caveolated cells. The results are consistent with primary transcriptional regulation of BGP production and suggest that BGP synthesis is controlled by the degree of cytodifferentiation. The fuzzy-coat localization of BGP implies a role in nonspecific defense mechanisms against pathogens.

  • 12.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Israelsson, Anne
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Teglund, S
    Matsunaga, T
    Hammarström, Sten
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology/Immunchemistry.
    Evolution of the carcinoembryonic antigen family: Structures of CGM9, CGM11 and pregnancy-specific glycoprotein promoters.2000In: Tumor Biology, ISSN 1010-4283, E-ISSN 1423-0380, Vol. 21, no 2, p. 63-81Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13. Hakkarainen, J
    et al.
    Toivanen, M
    Leinonen, A
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine.
    Strömberg, Nicklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Lapinjoki, S
    Nassif, X
    Tikkanen-Kaukanen, C
    Human and bovine milk oligosaccharides inhibit Neisseria meningitidis pili attachment in vitro.2005In: Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0022-3166, E-ISSN 1541-6100, Vol. 135, no 10, p. 2445-2448Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Milk oligosaccharides have been shown to interfere with adhesion of many pathogens to host mucosal surfaces. Characterization of the adhesion mechanisms of the bacteria to host cell surface is needed to develop novel functional food, infant formulas, and anti-infective drugs. Adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis, a human specific pathogen causing meningitis and septicemia, is not completely understood but is mediated by type IV pili. Here, we developed a microtiter well pili binding assay to investigate the binding activities of N. meningitidis isolated type IV pili to different glycoproteins. Pili binding activities to bovine thyroglobulin and human salivary agglutinin but not to chicken ovalbumin were present. Inhibition of these binding activities was demonstrated by fractionated human or bovine milk oligosaccharides. The binding of neisserial pili to bovine thyroglobulin was most effective and was clearly inhibited by human milk neutral or bovine milk acidic oligosaccharides.

  • 14.
    Johansson, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Jonsson, Mari
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Marttila, Marko
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Persson, David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Fan, Xiao-Long
    Skog, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Wadell, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Adenoviruses use lactoferrin as a bridge for CAR-independent binding to and infection of epithelial cells2007In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 81, no 2, p. 954-963Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most adenoviruses bind to the coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Surprisingly, CAR is not expressed apically on polarized cells and is thus not easily available to viruses. Consequently, alternative mechanisms for entry of coxsackievirus and adenovirus into cells have been suggested. We have found that tear fluid promotes adenovirus infection, and we have identified human lactoferrin (HLf) as the tear fluid component responsible for this effect. HLf alone was found to promote binding of adenovirus to epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and also infection of epithelial cells by adenovirus. HLf was also found to promote gene delivery from an adenovirus-based vector. The mechanism takes place at the binding stage and functions independently of CAR. Thus, we have identified a novel binding mechanism whereby adenovirus hijacks HLf, a component of the innate immune system, and uses it as a bridge for attachment to host cells.

  • 15.
    Johansson, Emil
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Caraballo, Remi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Mistry, Nitesh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Zocher, Georg
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Andersson, C. David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Hurdiss, Daniel L.
    Chandra, Naresh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Thompson, Rebecca
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Stehle, Thilo
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR).
    Pentavalent Sialic Acid Conjugates Block Coxsackievirus A24 Variant and Human Adenovirus Type 37-Viruses That Cause Highly Contagious Eye Infections2020In: ACS Chemical Biology, ISSN 1554-8929, E-ISSN 1554-8937, Vol. 15, no 10, p. 2683-2691Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) and human adenovirus 37 (HAdV-37) are leading causative agents of the severe and highly contagious ocular infections acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, respectively. Currently, neither vaccines nor antiviral agents are available for treating these diseases, which affect millions of individuals worldwide. CVA24v and HAdV-37 utilize sialic acid as attachment receptors facilitating entry into host cells. Previously, we and others have shown that derivatives based on sialic acid are effective in preventing HAdV-37 binding and infection of cells. Here, we designed and synthesized novel pentavalent sialic acid conjugates and studied their inhibitory effect against CVA24v and HAdV-37 binding and infection of human corneal epithelial cells. The pentavalent conjugates are the first reported inhibitors of CVA24v infection and proved efficient in blocking HAdV-37 binding. Taken together, the pentavalent conjugates presented here form a basis for the development of general inhibitors of these highly contagious ocular pathogens.

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  • 16.
    Jonsson, Mari
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Lenman, Annasara E
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Nyberg, Cecilia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Abdullahi, Mohamed
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Coagulation factors IX and X enhance binding and infection of adenovirus types 5 and 31 in human epithelial cells2009In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 83, no 8, p. 3816-3825Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most adenoviruses bind directly to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on target cells in vitro, but recent research has shown that adenoviruses can also use soluble components in body fluids for indirect binding to target cells. These mechanisms have been identified upon addressing the questions of how to de- and retarget adenovirus-based vectors for human gene and cancer therapy, but the newly identified mechanisms also suggest that the role of body fluids and their components may also be of importance for natural, primary infections. Here we demonstrate that plasma, saliva, and tear fluid promote binding and infection of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) in respiratory and ocular epithelial cells, which corresponds to the natural tropism of most adenoviruses, and that plasma promotes infection by Ad31. By using a set of binding and infection experiments, we also found that Ad5 and Ad31 require coagulation factors IX (FIX) or X (FX) or just FIX, respectively, for efficient binding and infection. The concentrations of these factors that were required for maximum binding were 1/100th of the physiological concentrations. Preincubation of virions with heparin or pretreatment of cells with heparinase I indicated that the role of cell surface heparan sulfate during FIX- and FX-mediated adenovirus binding and infection is mechanistically serotype specific. We conclude that the use of coagulation factors by adenoviruses may be of importance not only for the liver tropism seen when administering adenovirus vectors to the circulation but also during primary infections by wild-type viruses of their natural target cell types.

  • 17. Lenman, Annasara
    et al.
    Liaci, A. Manuel
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Liu, Yan
    Blaum, Bärbel S.
    Podgorski, Iva I.
    Harrach, Balázs
    Benkő, Mária
    Feizi, Ten
    Stehle, Thilo
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Human adenovirus 52 short fiber binds to polysialic acidManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Lenman, Annasara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Liaci, A. Manuel
    Liu, Yan
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Frank, Martin
    Blaum, Bärbel S.
    Chai, Wengang
    Podgorski, Iva I.
    Harrach, Balázs
    Benko, Mária
    Feizi, Ten
    Stehle, Thilo
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Polysialic acid is a cellular receptor for human adenovirus 522018In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 115, no 18, p. E4264-E4273Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human adenovirus 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three known HAdVs equipped with both a long and a short fiber protein. While the long fiber binds to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, the function of the short fiber in the virus life cycle is poorly understood. Here, we show, by glycan microarray analysis and cellular studies, that the short fiber knob (SFK) of HAdV-52 recognizes long chains of α-2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia), a large posttranslational modification of selected carrier proteins, and that HAdV-52 can use polySia as a receptor on target cells. X-ray crystallography, NMR, molecular dynamics simulation, and structure-guided mutagenesis of the SFK reveal that the nonreducing, terminal sialic acid of polySia engages the protein with direct contacts, and that specificity for polySia is achieved through subtle, transient electrostatic interactions with additional sialic acid residues. In this study, we present a previously unrecognized role for polySia as a cellular receptor for a human viral pathogen. Our detailed analysis of the determinants of specificity for this interaction has general implications for protein-carbohydrate interactions, particularly concerning highly charged glycan structures, and provides interesting dimensions on the biology and evolution of members of Human mastadenovirus G.

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  • 19.
    Lenman, Annasara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Liaci, A. Manuel
    Liu, Yan
    Årdahl, Carin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Rajan, Anandi
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Nilsson, Emma
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Bradford, Will
    Kaeshammer, Lisa
    Jones, Morris S.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Feizi, Ten
    Stehle, Thilo
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Human Adenovirus 52 Uses Sialic Acid-containing Glycoproteins and the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor for Binding to Target Cells2015In: PLoS Pathogens, ISSN 1553-7366, E-ISSN 1553-7374, Vol. 11, no 2, article id e1004657Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most adenoviruses attach to host cells by means of the protruding fiber protein that binds to host cells via the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) protein. Human adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three gastroenteritis-causing HAdVs that are equipped with two different fiber proteins, one long and one short. Here we show, by means of virion-cell binding and infection experiments, that HAdV-52 can also attach to host cells via CAR, but most of the binding depends on sialylated glycoproteins. Glycan microarray, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance and ELISA analyses reveal that the terminal knob domain of the long fiber (52LFK) binds to CAR, and the knob domain of the short fiber (52SFK) binds to sialylated glycoproteins. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 52SFK in complex with 2-O-methylated sialic acid combined with functional studies of knob mutants revealed a new sialic acid binding site compared to other, known adenovirus: glycan interactions. Our findings shed light on adenovirus biology and may help to improve targeting of adenovirus-based vectors for gene therapy.

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  • 20.
    Lenman, Annasara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Mueller, Steffen
    Nygren, Mari I
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Stehle, Thilo
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Coagulation factor IX mediates serotype-specific binding of species A adenoviruses to host cells2011In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 85, no 24, p. 13420-13431Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human species A adenoviruses (HAdVs) comprise three serotypes: HAdV-12, -18, and -31. These viruses are common pathogens and cause systemic infections that usually involve the airways and/or intestine. In immunocompromised individuals, species A adenoviruses in general, and HAdV-31 in particular, cause life-threatening infections. By combining binding and infection experiments, we demonstrate that coagulation factor IX (FIX) efficiently enhances binding and infection by HAdV-18 and HAdV-31, but not by HAdV-12, in epithelial cells originating from the airways or intestine. This is markedly different from the mechanism for HAdV-5 and other human adenoviruses, which utilize coagulation factor X (FX) for infection of host cells. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that the affinity of the HAdV-31 hexon-FIX interaction is higher than that of the HAdV-5 hexon-FX interaction and that the half-lives of these interactions are profoundly different. Moreover, both HAdV-31-FIX and HAdV-5-FX complexes bind to heparan sulfate-containing glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on target cells, but binding studies utilizing cells expressing specific GAGs and GAG-cleaving enzymes revealed differences in GAG dependence and specificity between these two complexes. These findings add to our understanding of the intricate infection pathways used by human adenoviruses, and they may contribute to better design of HAdV-based vectors for gene and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interaction between the HAdV-31 hexon and FIX may also serve as a target for antiviral treatment.

  • 21.
    Lidström, Tommy
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Cumming, Joshua
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Gaur, Rahul
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Pateras, Ioannis S.
    2nd Department of Pathology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
    Mickert, Matthias J.
    Lumito AB, Lund, Sweden.
    Franklin, Oskar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences.
    Forsell, Mattias N. E.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Dongre, Mitesh
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Patthey, Cedric
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Öhlund, Daniel
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Extracellular galectin 4 drives immune evasion and promotes T-cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer2023In: Cancer immunology research, ISSN 2326-6066, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 72-92Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by rich deposits of extracellular matrix (ECM), affecting the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we identified galectin 4 (gal 4) as a cancer cell produced protein deposited into the ECM of PDAC tumors and detected high circulating levels of gal 4 in PDAC patients. In orthotopic transplantation experiments we observed increased infiltration of T-cells and prolonged survival in immunocompetent mice transplanted with cancer cells with reduced expression of gal 4. Increased survival was not observed in immunodeficient RAG1-/- mice, demonstrating that the effect was mediated by the adaptive immune system. Furthermore, by performing single-cell RNA-sequencing we found that the myeloid compartment and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes were altered in the transplanted tumors. Reduced gal 4 expression was associated with higher proportion of myofibroblastic CAFs and reduced numbers of inflammatory CAFs. We also found higher proportions of M1 macrophages, T-cells and antigen presenting dendritic cells in tumors with reduced gal 4 expression. Using a co-culture system, we observed that extracellular gal 4 induced apoptosis in T-cells by binding N-glycosylation residues on CD3 epsilon/delta. Hence, we show that gal 4 is involved in immune evasion and identify gal 4 as a promising drug target for overcoming immunosuppression in PDAC. 

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  • 22.
    Malm, Christer
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Hadrevi, Jenny
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine.
    Bergström, Sven-Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Pedrosa-Domellof, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology.
    Antti, Henrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Svensson, Michael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Evaluation of 2-D DIGE for skeletal muscle: Protocol and repeatability2008In: The Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, Vol. 68, no 8, p. 793-800Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Proteomic analysis has the potential to yield vast amounts of data. The available proteomic methods have been hampered by methodological errors in quantification due to large gel-to-gel variations. The inclusion of an internal standard greatly reduces this variation, and therefore the purpose of this investigation was: 1) to develop a sample preparation protocol for human skeletal muscle for two-dimensional differentiated gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and 2) to investigate the repeatability of one particular system, the Ettan™ DIGE. To test repeatability, nine aliquots from the same homogenate were labelled with three different CyDye™ dyes (Cy2, Cy3, Cy5). Samples were run on 1824 cm gels, scanned with a Typhoon™ 9410 laser scanner and analysed in the DeCyder™ software. When selecting spots appearing only in triplicate (n = 1314), the mean error was 1.7 % (SD: 10.5 %; 95 % CI: 1.1-2.4 %). When setting the significance level to 99 %, no false-positive changes in protein volume ratios were detected. In the protocol presented here, only 0.5 mg tissue was used and separation of >2500 distinct protein spots in the pH range 3-11 and MW 10-200 kDa. Changes in protein abundance of <20 % could be detected. The method is especially useful when comparing muscle proteins between different conditions; for example, healthy and diseased tissue, before and after treatment or different exercise protocols.

  • 23.
    Nilsson, Emma C
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Storm, Rickard J
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Bauer, Johannes
    University of Tübingen.
    Johansson, Susanne M C
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Lookene, Aivar
    Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia..
    Ångström, Jonas
    University of Göteborg.
    Hedenström, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Eriksson, Therese L
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Rinaldi, Simon
    University of Glasgow.
    Willison, Hugh J
    University of Glasgow.
    Domellöf, Fatima Pedrosa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Anatomy.
    Stehle, Thilo
    University of Tübingen, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    The GD1a glycan is a cellular receptor for adenoviruses causing epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (Letter)2011In: Nature Medicine, ISSN 1078-8956, E-ISSN 1546-170X, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 105-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) is a leading cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe and highly contagious ocular disease. Whereas most other adenoviruses infect cells by engaging CD46 or the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), Ad37 binds previously unknown sialic acid-containing cell surface molecules. By glycan array screening, we show here that the receptor-recognizing knob domain of the Ad37 fiber protein specifically binds a branched hexasaccharide that is present in the GD1a ganglioside and that features two terminal sialic acids. Soluble GD1a glycan and GD1a-binding antibodies efficiently prevented Ad37 virions from binding and infecting corneal cells. Unexpectedly, the receptor is constituted by one or more glycoproteins containing the GD1a glycan motif rather than the ganglioside itself, as shown by binding, infection and flow cytometry experiments. Molecular modeling, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography reveal that the two terminal sialic acids dock into two of three previously established sialic acid-binding sites in the trimeric Ad37 knob. Surface plasmon resonance analysis shows that the knob-GD1a glycan interaction has high affinity. Our findings therefore form a basis for the design and development of sialic acid-containing antiviral drugs for topical treatment of EKC.

  • 24.
    Persson, B. David
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Lijo, John
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Rafie, Karim
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Strebl, Michael
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Ballmann, Monika Z.
    Mindler, Katja
    Havenga, Menzo
    Lemckert, Angelique
    Stehle, Thilo
    Carlson, Lars-Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Human species D adenovirus hexon capsid protein mediates cell entry through a direct interaction with CD462021In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 118, no 3, article id e2020732118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D) types are currently being explored as vaccine vectors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other severe infectious diseases. The efficacy of such vector-based vaccines depends on functional interactions with receptors on host cells. Adenoviruses of different species are assumed to enter host cells mainly by interactions between the knob domain of the protruding fiber capsid protein and cellular receptors. Using a cell-based receptor-screening assay, we identified CD46 as a receptor for HAdV-D56. The function of CD46 was validated in infection experiments using cells lacking and overexpressing CD46, and by competition infection experiments using soluble CD46. Remarkably, unlike HAdV-B types that engage CD46 through interactions with the knob domain of the fiber protein, HAdV-D types infect host cells through a direct interaction between CD46 and the hexon protein. Soluble hexon proteins (but not fiber knob) inhibited HAdV-D56 infection, and surface plasmon analyses demonstrated that CD46 binds to HAdV-D hexon (but not fiber knob) proteins. Cryoelectron microscopy analysis of the HAdV-D56 virion-CD46 complex confirmed the interaction and showed that CD46 binds to the central cavity of hexon trimers. Finally, soluble CD46 inhibited infection by 16 out of 17 investigated HAdV-D types, suggesting that CD46 is an important receptor for a large group of adenoviruses. In conclusion, this study identifies a noncanonical entry mechanism used by human adenoviruses, which adds to the knowledge of adenovirus biology and can also be useful for development of adenovirus-based vaccine vectors.

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  • 25.
    Persson, David
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Lenman, Annasara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Schmid, Markus
    Ahlm, Clas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Plückthun, Andreas
    Jenssen, Håvard
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Lactoferrin-Hexon Interactions Mediate CAR-Independent Adenovirus Infection of Human Respiratory Cells2020In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 94, no 14, article id e00542-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Virus entry into host cells is a complex process that is largely regulated by access to specific cellular receptors. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and many other viruses use cell adhesion molecules such as the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment to and entry into target cells. These molecules are rarely expressed on the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, which raises the question of how adenoviruses—and other viruses that engage cell adhesion molecules—enter polarized cells from the apical side to initiate infection. We have previously shown that species C HAdVs utilize lactoferrin—a common innate immune component secreted to respiratory mucosa—for infection via unknown mechanisms. Using a series of biochemical, cellular, and molecular biology approaches, we mapped this effect to the proteolytically cleavable, positively charged, N-terminal 49 residues of human lactoferrin (hLF) known as human lactoferricin (hLfcin). Lactoferricin (Lfcin) binds to the hexon protein on the viral capsid and anchors the virus to an unknown receptor structure of target cells, resulting in infection. These findings suggest that HAdVs use distinct cell entry mechanisms at different stages of infection. To initiate infection, entry is likely to occur at the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, largely by means of hLF and hLfcin bridging HAdV capsids via hexons to as-yet-unknown receptors; when infection is established, progeny virions released from the basolateral side enter neighboring cells by means of hLF/hLfcin and CAR in parallel.

    IMPORTANCE: Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors.

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  • 26.
    Rajan, Anandi
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Palm, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Trulsson, Fredrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Mundigl, Sarah
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Becker, Miriam
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
    Persson, David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology.
    Lenman, Annasara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section of Virology. Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
    Heparan Sulfate Is a Cellular Receptor for Enteric Human Adenoviruses2021In: Viruses, E-ISSN 1999-4915, Vol. 13, no 2, article id 298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human adenovirus (HAdV)-F40 and -F41 are leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated mortality in children under the age of five, but the mechanisms by which they infect host cells are poorly understood. HAdVs initiate infection through interactions between the knob domain of the fiber capsid protein and host cell receptors. Unlike most other HAdVs, HAdV-F40 and -F41 possess two different fiber proteins-a long fiber and a short fiber. Whereas the long fiber binds to the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), no binding partners have been identified for the short fiber. In this study, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an interaction partner for the short fiber of enteric HAdVs. We demonstrate that exposure to acidic pH, which mimics the environment of the stomach, inactivates the interaction of enteric adenovirus with CAR. However, the short fiber:HS interaction is resistant to and even enhanced by acidic pH, which allows attachment to host cells. Our results suggest a switch in receptor usage of enteric HAdVs after exposure to acidic pH and add to the understanding of the function of the short fibers. These results may also be useful for antiviral drug development and the utilization of enteric HAdVs for clinical applications such as vaccine development.

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  • 27.
    Rajan, Anandi
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Persson, B. David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Olofsson, Annelie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Sandblad, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Heino, Jyrki
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
    Takada, Yoshikazu
    Department of Dermatology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, California, USA.
    Mould, A. Paul
    Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
    Schnapp, Lynn M.
    Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
    Gall, Jason
    Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Enteric species F human adenoviruses use laminin-binding integrins as co-receptors for infection of Ht-29 cells2018In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, no 1, article id 10019Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The enteric species F human adenovirus types 40 and 41 (HAdV-40 and -41) are the third most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis in the world. Knowledge about HAdV-40 and -41 cellular infection is assumed to be fundamentally different from that of other HAdVs since HAdV-40 and -41 penton bases lack the αV-integrin-interacting RGD motif. This motif is used by other HAdVs mainly for internalization and endosomal escape. We hypothesised that the penton bases of HAdV-40 and -41 interact with integrins independently of the RGD motif. HAdV-41 transduction of a library of rodent cells expressing specific human integrin subunits pointed to the use of laminin-binding α2-, α3- and α6-containing integrins as well as other integrins as candidate co-receptors. Specific laminins prevented internalisation and infection, and recombinant, soluble HAdV-41 penton base proteins prevented infection of human intestinal HT-29 cells. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that HAdV-40 and -41 penton base proteins bind to α6-containing integrins with an affinity similar to that of previously characterised penton base:integrin interactions. With these results, we propose that laminin-binding integrins are co-receptors for HAdV-40 and -41.

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  • 28.
    Rosendal, Ebba
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Mihai, Ionut Sebastian
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine). National Clinical Research School in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (NCRSCID), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
    Becker, Miriam
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between The Medical School Hannover, The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
    Das, Debojyoti
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Persson, B. David
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology. Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
    Rankin, Gregory
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine. Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden.
    Gröning, Remigius
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Trygg, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Sartorius Corporate Research, Umeå, Sweden.
    Forsell, Mattias
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Ankarklev, Johan
    Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Blomberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Henriksson, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine).
    Överby, Anna K.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Lenman, Annasara
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Serine protease inhibitors restrict host susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections2022In: mBio, ISSN 2161-2129, E-ISSN 2150-7511, Vol. 13, no 3, article id e00892-22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, is a complex disease with a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic infections to severe acute respiratory syndrome with lethal outcome. Individual factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities increase the risk for severe infections, but other aspects, such as genetic variations, are also likely to affect the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. Here, we used a human 3D lung cell model based on primary cells derived from multiple donors to identity host factors that regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a transcriptomics-based approach, we found that less susceptible donors show a higher expression level of serine protease inhibitors SERPINA1, SERPINE1, and SERPINE2, identifying variation in cellular serpin levels as restricting host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We pinpoint their antiviral mechanism of action to inhibition of the cellular serine protease, TMPRSS2, thereby preventing cleavage of the viral spike protein and TMPRSS2-mediated entry into the target cells. By means of single-cell RNA sequencing, we further locate the expression of the individual serpins to basal, ciliated, club, and goblet cells. Our results add to the importance of genetic variations as determinants for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and suggest that genetic deficiencies of cellular serpins might represent risk factors for severe COVID-19. Our study further highlights TMPRSS2 as a promising target for antiviral intervention and opens the door for the usage of locally administered serpins as a treatment against COVID-19.

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  • 29.
    Spjut, Sara
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Qian, Weixing
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Bauer, Johannes
    Storm, Rickard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Stehle, Thilo
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    Elofsson, Mikael
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS).
    A Potent Trivalent Sialic Acid Inhibitor of Adenovirus Type 37 Infection of Human Corneal Cells2011In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 50, no 29, p. 6519-6521Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Storm, Rickard J
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Nygård Skalman, Lars
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Lindström, Mona
    Lundmark, Richard
    Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Involvement of corneal integrins during infection of human adenovirus type 37Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Storm, Rickard J
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Persson, David B
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Skalman, Lars Nygård
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics.
    Frängsmyr, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Lindström, Mona
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Rankin, Greg
    Lundmark, Richard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Domellöf, Fatima Pedrosa
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Arnberg, Niklas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology.
    Human Adenovirus Type 37 Uses αVβ1 and α3β1 Integrins for Infection of Human Corneal Cells2017In: Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, E-ISSN 1098-5514, Vol. 91, no 5, article id e02019-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe, contagious ocular disease that affects 20 to 40 million individuals worldwide every year. EKC is mainly caused by six types of human adenovirus (HAdV): HAdV-8, -19, -37, -53, -54, and -56. Of these, HAdV-8, -19, and -37 use sialic acid-containing glycans as cellular receptors. αVβ3, αVβ5, and a few additional integrins facilitate entry and endosomal release of other HAdVs. With the exception of a few biochemical analyses indicating that HAdV-37 can interact physically with αVβ5, little is known about the integrins used by EKC-causing HAdVs. Here, we investigated the overall integrin expression on human corneal cells and found expression of α2, α3, α6, αV, β1, and β4 subunits in human corneal in situ epithelium and/or in a human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line but no or less accessible expression of α4, α5, β3, or β5. We also identified the integrins used by HAdV-37 through a series of binding and infection competition experiments and different biochemical approaches. Together, our data suggest that HAdV-37 uses αVβ1 and α3β1 integrins for infection of human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore, to confirm the relevance of these integrins in the HAdV-37 life cycle, we developed a corneal multilayer tissue system and found that HAdV-37 infection correlated well with the patterns of αV, α3, and β1 integrin expression. These results provide further insight into the tropism and pathogenesis of EKC-causing HAdVs and may be of importance for future development of new antiviral drugs.IMPORTANCE Keratitis is a hallmark of EKC, which is caused by six HAdV types (HAdV-8, -19, -37, -53, -54, and -56). HAdV-37 and some other HAdV types interact with integrin αVβ5 in order to enter nonocular human cells. In this study, we found that αVβ5 is not expressed on human corneal epithelial cells, thus proposing other host factors mediate corneal infection. Here, we first characterized integrin expression patterns on corneal tissue and corneal cells. Among the integrins identified, competition binding and infection experiments and biochemical assays pointed out αVβ1 and α3β1 to be of importance for HAdV-37 infection of corneal tissue. In the absence of a good animal model for EKC-causing HAdVs, we also developed an in vitro system with multilayer HCE cells and confirmed the relevance of the suggested integrins during HAdV-37 infection.

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