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  • 1.
    Adlard, Bryan
    et al.
    Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
    Lemire, Mélanie
    Axe Santé Des Populations Et Pratiques Optimales En Santé, Centre De Recherche Du CHU De Québec, QC, Québec, Canada; Département De Médecine Sociale Et Préventive, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada.
    Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Eva C.
    Center for Arctic Health Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Greenland Center for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland.
    Long, Manhai
    Center for Arctic Health Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Ólafsdóttir, Kristín
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Odland, Jon O.
    Institute of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; International Research Laboratory for Reproductive Ecotoxicology (IL RET), The National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
    Rautio, Arja
    Thule Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, University of Arctic, Oulu, Finland.
    Myllynen, Päivi
    Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
    Sandanger, Torkjel M.
    Environmental Chemistry Department, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, the Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
    Dudarev, Alexey A.
    Department, Arctic Environmental Health, Northwest Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Berner, James
    Department of Environment and Health, Division of Community Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, AK, Anchorage, United States.
    Ayotte, Pierre
    Axe Santé Des Populations Et Pratiques Optimales En Santé, Centre De Recherche Du CHU De Québec, QC, Québec, Canada; Département De Médecine Sociale Et Préventive, Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada; Centre De Toxicologie, Institut National De Santé Publique Du Québec, QC, Québec, Canada.
    MercuNorth–monitoring mercury in pregnant women from the Arctic as a baseline to assess the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention2021In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health, ISSN 1239-9736, E-ISSN 2242-3982, Vol. 80, no 1, article id 1881345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to mercury (Hg) is a global concern, particularly among Arctic populations that rely on the consumption of marine mammals and fish which are the main route of Hg exposure for Arctic populations.The MercuNorth project was created to establish baseline Hg levels across several Arctic regions during the period preceding the Minamata Convention. Blood samples were collected from 669 pregnant women, aged 18–44 years, between 2010 and 2016 from sites across the circumpolar Arctic including Alaska (USA), Nunavik (Canada), Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Northern Lapland (Finland) and Murmansk Oblast (Russia). Descriptive statistics were calculated, multiple pairwise comparisons were made between regions, and unadjusted linear trend analyses were performed.Geometric mean concentrations of total Hg were highest in Nunavik (5.20 µg/L)  and Greenland (3.79 µg/L), followed by Alaska (2.13 µg/L), with much lower concentrations observed in the other regions (ranged between 0.48 and 1.29 µg/L). In Nunavik, Alaska and Greenland, blood Hg concentrations have decreased significantly since 1992, 2000 and 2010 respectively with % annual decreases of 4.7%, 7.5% and 2.7%, respectively.These circumpolar data combined with fish and marine mammal consumption data can be used for assessing long-term Hg trends and the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention.

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  • 2. Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Murphy, Neil
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Nicolas, Genevieve
    Pischon, Tobias
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Severi, Gianluca
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fournier, Agnès
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Agudo, Antonio
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Amiano, Pilar
    Huerta, José Maria
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Karakatsani, Anna
    Martimianaki, Georgia
    Palli, Domenico
    Pala, Valeria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    May, Anne
    Derksen, Jeroen W. G.
    Hellstrand, Sophie
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Skeie, Guri
    Brustad, Magritt
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Ward, Heather
    Riboli, Elio
    Norat, Teresa
    Chajes, Veronique
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Consumption of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large European Cohort2020In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ISSN 1542-3565, E-ISSN 1542-7714, p. 654-666Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is an unclear association between intake of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association between fish consumption, dietary and circulating levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA with CRC using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: Dietary intake of fish (total, fatty/oily, lean/white) and n-3 LC-PUFA were estimated by food frequency questionnaires given to 521,324 participants in the EPIC study; among these, 6291 individuals developed CRC (median follow up, 14.9 years). Levels of phospholipid LC-PUFA were measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples from a sub-group of 461 CRC cases and 461 matched individuals without CRC (controls). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively, with 95% CIs.

    RESULTS: Total intake of fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; Ptrend = .005), fatty fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; Ptrend = .009), and lean fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-1.00; Ptrend = .016) were inversely associated with CRC incidence. Intake of total n-3 LC-PUFA (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; Ptrend = .010) was also associated with reduced risk of CRC, whereas dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18-1.45; Ptrend < .001). Plasma levels of phospholipid n-3 LC-PUFA was not associated with overall CRC risk, but an inverse trend was observed for proximal compared with distal colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = .026).

    CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of dietary patterns of participants in the EPIC study, we found regular consumption of fish, at recommended levels, to be associated with a lower risk of CRC, possibly through exposure to n-3 LC-PUFA. Levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma were not associated with CRC risk, but there may be differences in risk at different regions of the colon.

  • 3.
    Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Murphy, Neil
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Nicolas, Geneviève
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, Atlanta, United States.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Rothwell, Joseph A.
    CESP, Faculté de médecine—Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Olsen, Anja
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Katzke, Verena
    German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Masala, Giovanna
    Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network –ISPRO, Florence, Italy.
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Panico, Salvatore
    Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), Ragusa, Italy.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas H.
    Former senior scientist, Dept. for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
    Derksen, Jeroen W. G.
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Skeie, Guri
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Brustad, Magritt
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain.
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
    Amiano, Pilar
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Huerta, José María
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Jenab, Mazda
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Chajes, Veronique
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Dietary intake and plasma phospholipid concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and trans fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort2021In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 149, no 4, p. 865-882Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiologic studies examining the association between specific fatty acids and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are inconclusive. We investigated the association between dietary estimates and plasma levels of individual and total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), industrial-processed trans (iTFA), and ruminant-sourced trans (rTFA) fatty acids, and CRC risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Baseline fatty acid intakes were estimated in 450 112 participants (6162 developed CRC, median follow-up = 15 years). In a nested case-control study, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography in 433 colon cancer cases and 433 matched controls. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox and conditional logistic regression, respectively. Dietary total SFA (highest vs lowest quintile, HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.80; 95%CI:0.69-0.92), myristic acid (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.83, 95%CI:0.74-0.93) and palmitic acid (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.81, 95%CI:0.70-0.93) were inversely associated with CRC risk. Plasma myristic acid was also inversely associated with colon cancer risk (highest vs lowest quartile, ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.51; 95%CI:0.32-0.83), whereas a borderline positive association was found for plasma stearic acid (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.63; 95%CI:1.00-2.64). Dietary total MUFA was inversely associated with colon cancer (per 1-SD increment, HR1-SD = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-0.98), but not rectal cancer (HR1-SD = 1.04, 95%CI:0.95-1.15, Pheterogeneity = 0.027). Dietary iTFA, and particularly elaidic acid, was positively associated with rectal cancer (HR1-SD = 1.07, 95%CI:1.02-1.13). Our results suggest that total and individual saturated fatty acids and fatty acids of industrial origin may be relevant to the aetiology of CRC. Both dietary and plasma myristic acid levels were inversely associated with colon cancer risk, which warrants further investigation.

  • 4. Bamia, C.
    et al.
    Lagiou, P.
    Jenab, M.
    Aleksandrova, K.
    Fedirko, V.
    Trichopoulos, D.
    Overvad, K.
    Tjonneland, A.
    Olsen, A.
    Clavel-Chapelon, F.
    Boutron-Ruault, M-C
    Kvaskoff, M.
    Katzke, V. A.
    Kuehn, T.
    Boeing, H.
    Noethlings, U.
    Palli, D.
    Sieri, S.
    Panico, S.
    Tumino, R.
    Naccarati, A.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(As)
    Peeters, P. H. M.
    Weiderpass, E.
    Skeie, G.
    Quiros, J. R.
    Agudo, A.
    Chirlaque, M-D
    Sanchez, M-J
    Ardanaz, E.
    Dorronsoro, M.
    Ericson, U.
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, K-T
    Wareham, N.
    Key, T. J.
    Travis, R. C.
    Ferrari, P.
    Stepien, M.
    Duarte-Salles, T.
    Norat, T.
    Murphy, N.
    Riboli, E.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a multi-centre, European cohort study2015In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 112, no 7, p. 1273-1282Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:Vegetable and/or fruit intakes in association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been investigated in case-control studies conducted in specific European countries and cohort studies conducted in Asia, with inconclusive results. No multi-centre European cohort has investigated the indicated associations. Methods: In 486 799 men/women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition, we identified 201 HCC cases after 11 years median follow-up. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence for sex-specific quintiles and per 100 g d(-1) increments of vegetable/fruit intakes. Results: Higher vegetable intake was associated with a statistically significant, monotonic reduction of HCC risk: HR (100 g d(-1) increment): 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98. This association was consistent in sensitivity analyses with no apparent heterogeneity across strata of HCC risk factors. Fruit intake was not associated with HCC incidence: HR (100 g d(-1) increment): 1.01; 95% CI: 0.92-1.11. Conclusions: Vegetable, but not fruit, intake is associated with lower HCC risk with no evidence for heterogeneity of this association in strata of important HCC risk factors. Mechanistic studies should clarify pathways underlying this association. Given that HCC prognosis is poor and that vegetables are practically universally accessible, our results may be important, especially for those at high risk for the disease.

  • 5.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Ahlqwist, Margareta
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Barregard, Lars
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Björkelund, Cecilia
    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Blomstrand, Ann
    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Skerfving, Staffan
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University.
    Sundh, Valter
    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Lissner, Lauren
    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg .
    Mercury in serum predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg women2013In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 86, no 1, p. 71-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S-Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and fish consumption.

    METHODS: Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38-60), in relation to S-Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., fish consumption) were also considered.

    RESULTS: Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S-Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34-0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15-0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically significant.

    CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam fillings in these age groups) and/or fish consumption. The results suggest potential effects of dental health and/or fish consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.

  • 6.
    Berglund, Fanny
    et al.
    Department of Health and Medical Services, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden.
    Törmä, Johanna
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Oskarsson, Viktor
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Dietary habits among snus users: a population-based cross-sectional study2023In: Food & Nutrition Research, ISSN 1654-6628, E-ISSN 1654-661X, Vol. 67, article id 9537Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use.

    Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users.

    Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models.

    Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: −0.86 [95% confidence interval: −1.32, −0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: −1.03 [−1.65, −0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con-sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: −1.43 [−2.12, −0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]).

    Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.

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  • 7.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Myte, Robin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Shivappa, Nitin
    Hébert, James R
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    The inflammatory potential of diet in determining cancer risk: a prospective investigation of two dietary pattern scores2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 4, article id e0214551Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS).

    METHODS: This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations.

    RESULTS: A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median follow-up of 15 years. The two dietary patterns were moderately correlated to each other and had similar associations with cancer risk, predominantly lung cancer in men (DII per tertile decrease: Hazard ratio (HR) 0.81 (0.66-0.99), MDS per tertile increase: HR 0.86 (0.72-1.03)), and gastric cancer in men (DII: 0.73 (0.53-0.99), MDS: 0.73 (0.56-0.96)). Associations were, in general, found to be linear. We found no longitudinal association between 10-year change in diet and cancer risk.

    CONCLUSION: We confirm small, but consistent and statistically significant associations between a more anti-inflammatory or healthier diet and reduced risk of cancer, including a lower risk of lung and gastric cancer in men. The dietary indexes produced similar associations with respect to the risk of cancer.

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  • 8.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Shivappa, Nitin
    Hebert, James R
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Dietary inflammatory index and risk of first myocardial infarction: a prospective population-based study2017In: Nutrition Journal, ISSN 1475-2891, E-ISSN 1475-2891, Vol. 16, article id 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Chronic, low-grade inflammation is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The inflammatory impact of diet can be reflected by concentrations of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream and the inflammatory potential of diet can be estimated by the dietary inflammatory index (DII(TM)), which has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in some previous studies. We aimed to examine the association between the DII and the risk of first myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based study with long follow-up.

    METHOD: We conducted a prospective case-control study of 1389 verified cases of first MI and 5555 matched controls nested within the population-based cohorts of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS), of which the largest is the ongoing Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) with nearly 100 000 participants during the study period. Median follow-up from recruitment to MI diagnosis was 6.4 years (6.2 for men and 7.2 for women). DII scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered in 1986-2006. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using quartile 1 (most anti-inflammatory diet) as the reference category. For validation, general linear models were used to estimate the association between the DII scores and two inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a subset (n = 605) of the study population.

    RESULTS: Male participants with the most pro-inflammatory DII scores had an increased risk of MI [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.57 (95% CI 1.21-2.02) P trend = 0.02], which was essentially unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.50 (95% CI 1.14-1.99), P trend = 0.10]. No association was found between DII and MI in women. An increase of one DII score unit was associated with 9% higher hsCRP (95% CI 0.03-0.14) and 6% higher IL-6 (95% CI 0.02-0.11) in 605 controls with biomarker data available.

    CONCLUSION: A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an elevated risk of first myocardial infarction in men; whereas for women the relationship was null. Consideration of the inflammatory impact of diet could improve prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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  • 9.
    Byhamre, Marja Lisa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Gustafsson, Per E.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Hammarström, Anne
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Snus use during the life-course and risk of the metabolic syndrome and its components2017In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 45, no 8, p. 733-740Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between life-course exposure to snus and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood.

    Design and method: Tobacco habits at baseline (age 16) and three follow-ups (ages 21, 30 and 43) were assessed among 880 participants in a population-based cohort in Northern Sweden. Presence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 was ascertained using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Odds ratios and CIs for risk of the metabolic syndrome and its components by snus use at 16, 21, 30 and 43 years were calculated using logistic regression. Cumulative snus use was defined as number of life periods (1-4) with current snus use.

    Results: At age 43, 164 participants (18.6%) were current snus users. We found no association between exclusive snus use at the ages of 16, 21, 30 and 43 years and the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years. Snus use (among non-smokers) was associated with raised triglycerides and high blood pressure in crude analysis, but not in multivariable models. There was no association between cumulative snus use and risk of the metabolic syndrome. Cumulative snus use was associated with central obesity, raised triglycerides and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus type 2 in crude analyses, but not after adjustments.

    Conclusion: The health consequences of snus exposure from adolescence to mid-adulthood do not seem to include increased risk of the metabolic syndrome or its components. The cardio-metabolic risk of dual exposure to snus and cigarettes may warrant further attention.

  • 10. Chajes, V.
    et al.
    Assi, N.
    Biessy, C.
    Ferrari, P.
    Rinaldi, S.
    Slimani, N.
    Lenoir, G. M.
    Baglietto, L.
    His, M.
    Boutron-Ruault, M. C.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Lagiou, P.
    Katsoulis, M.
    Kaaks, R.
    Kuehn, T.
    Panico, S.
    Pala, V.
    Masala, G.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
    Peeters, P. H.
    van Gils, C.
    Hjartaker, A.
    Olsen, K. Standahl
    Barnung, R. Borgund
    Barricarte, A.
    Redondo-Sanchez, D.
    Menendez, V.
    Amiano, P.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Key, T.
    Khaw, K. T.
    Merritt, M. A.
    Riboli, E.
    Gunter, M. J.
    Romieu, I.
    A prospective evaluation of plasma phospholipid fatty acids and breast cancer risk in the EPIC study2017In: Annals of Oncology, ISSN 0923-7534, E-ISSN 1569-8041, Vol. 28, no 11, p. 2836-2842Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Intakes of specific fatty acids have been postulated to impact breast cancer risk but epidemiological data based on dietary questionnaires remain conflicting.

    Materials and methods: We assessed the association between plasma phospholipid fatty acids and breast cancer risk in a case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Sixty fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in pre-diagnostic plasma phospholipids from 2982 incident breast cancer cases matched to 2982 controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk of breast cancer by fatty acid level. The false discovery rate (q values) was computed to control for multiple comparisons. Subgroup analyses were carried out by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor expression in the tumours.

    Results: A high level of palmitoleic acid [odds ratio (OR) for the highest quartile compared with the lowest OR (Q4–Q1) 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–1.64; P for trend = 0.0001, q value = 0.004] as well as a high desaturation index (DI16) (16:1n–7/16:0) [OR (Q4–Q1), 1.28; 95% C, 1.07–1.54; P for trend = 0.002, q value = 0.037], as biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis, were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Levels of industrial trans-fatty acids were positively associated with ER-negative tumours [OR for the highest tertile compared with the lowest (T3–T1)=2.01; 95% CI, 1.03–3.90; P for trend = 0.047], whereas no association was found for ER-positive tumours (P-heterogeneity =0.01). No significant association was found between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer risk, overall or by hormonal receptor.

    Conclusion: These findings suggest that increased de novo lipogenesis, acting through increased synthesis of palmitoleic acid, could be a relevant metabolic pathway for breast tumourigenesis. Dietary trans-fatty acids derived from industrial processes may specifically increase ER-negative breast cancer risk.

  • 11.
    de Man Lapidoth, Julia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Jonsson, Andreas P.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Eriksson Svensson, Maria
    Renal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Zeller, Tanja
    Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Seite, Hamburg, Germany.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Trends in renal function in Northern Sweden 1986-2014: data from the seven cross-sectional surveys within the Northern Sweden MONICA study2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 8, article id e072664Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally, and CKD is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). CKD and CVD share several risk factors (RF), such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking, and the prevalence of these RF has changed during the last decades, and we aimed to study the effect on renal function over time.

    Design: Repeated cross-sectional population-based studies.

    Setting: The two Northern counties (Norr- and Västerbotten) in Sweden.

    Participants: Within the MONitoring Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, seven surveys were performed between 1986 and 2014, including participants aged 25-64 years (n=10 185).

    Interventions: None.

    Measures: Information on anthropometry, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors was collected. Creatinine and cystatin C were analysed in stored blood samples and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the creatinine-based Lund-Malmö revised and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR crea) equations as well as the cystatin C-based Caucasian, Asian, Paediatric and Adult cohort (CAPA) equation (eGFR cysC). Renal function over time was analysed using univariable and multivariable linear regression models.

    Results: Renal function, both eGFR crea and eGFR cysC, decreased over time (both p<0.001) and differed between counties and sexes. In a multivariable analysis, study year remained inversely associated with both eGFR crea and eGFR cysC (both p<0.001) after adjustment for classical cardiovascular RF.

    Conclusion: Renal function has deteriorated in Northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.

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  • 12. Del Gobbo, Liana C.
    et al.
    Imamura, Fumiaki
    Aslibekyan, Stella
    Marklund, Matti
    Virtanen, Jyrki K.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Yakoob, Mohammad Y.
    Chiuve, Stephanie E.
    dela Cruz, Luicito
    Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.
    Fretts, Amanda M.
    Guallar, Eliseo
    Matsumoto, Chisa
    Prem, Kiesha
    Tanaka, Tosh
    Wu, Jason H. Y.
    Zhou, Xia
    Helmer, Catherine
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Yuan, Jian-Min
    Barberger-Gateau, Pascale
    Campos, Hannia
    Chaves, Paulo H. M.
    Djousse, Luc
    Giles, Graham G.
    Gomez-Aracena, Jose
    Hodge, Allison M.
    Hu, Frank B.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Koh, Woon-Puay
    Lemaitre, Rozenn N.
    Lind, Lars
    Luben, Robert N.
    Rimm, Eric B.
    Riserus, Ulf
    Samieri, Cecilia
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Siscovick, David S.
    Stampfer, Meir
    Steffen, Lyn M.
    Steffen, Brian T.
    Tsai, Michael Y.
    van Dam, Rob M.
    Voutilainen, Sari
    Willett, Walter C.
    Woodward, Mark
    Mozaffarian, Dariush
    omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies2016In: JAMA Internal Medicine, ISSN 2168-6106, E-ISSN 2168-6114, Vol. 176, no 8, p. 1155-1166Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IMPORTANCE The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. Most prior longitudinal studies evaluated self-reported consumption rather than biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate biomarkers of seafood-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20: 5 omega-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22: 5 omega-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22: 6 omega-3) and plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18: 3 omega-3) for incident CHD. DATA SOURCES A global consortium of 19 studies identified by November 2014. STUDY SELECTION Available prospective (cohort, nested case-control) or retrospective studies with circulating or tissue omega-3 biomarkers and ascertained CHD. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Each study conducted standardized, individual-level analysis using harmonized models, exposures, outcomes, and covariates. Findings were centrally pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined by age, sex, race, diabetes, statins, aspirin, omega-6 levels, and FADS desaturase genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident total CHD, fatal CHD, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS The 19 studies comprised 16 countries, 45 637 unique individuals, and 7973 total CHD, 2781 fatal CHD, and 7157 nonfatal MI events, with omega-3 measures in total plasma, phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and adipose tissue. Median age at baseline was 59 years (range, 18-97 years), and 28 660 (62.8%) were male. In continuous (per 1-SD increase) multivariable-adjusted analyses, the omega-3 biomarkers ALA, DPA, and DHA were associated with a lower risk of fatal CHD, with relative risks (RRs) of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.98) for ALA, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96) for DPA, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84-0.96) for DHA. Although DPA was associated with a lower risk of total CHD (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), ALA (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.05), EPA (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87-1.02), and DHA (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00) were not. Significant associations with nonfatal MI were not evident. Associations appeared generally stronger in phospholipids and total plasma. Restricted cubic splines did not identify evidence of nonlinearity in dose responses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE On the basis of available studies of free-living populations globally, biomarker concentrations of seafood and plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a modestly lower incidence of fatal CHD.

  • 13. Dik, Vincent K
    et al.
    Murphy, Neil
    Siersema, Peter D
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Jenab, Mazda
    Kong, So Y
    Hansen, Camilla P
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Dossus, Laure
    Racine, Antoine
    Bastide, Nadia
    Li, Kuanrong
    Kühn, Tilman
    Boeing, Heiner
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Barbitsioti, Antonia
    Palli, Domenico
    Contiero, Paolo
    Vineis, Paolo
    Tumino, Rosaria
    Panico, Salvatore
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Skeie, Guri
    Hjartåker, Anette
    Amiano, Pilar
    Sánchez, María-José
    Fonseca-Nunes, Ana
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Redondo, Maria-Luisa
    Jirström, Karin
    Manjer, Jonas
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bradbury, Kathryn E
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Cross, Amanda J
    Riboli, Elio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Prediagnostic intake of dairy products and dietary calcium and colorectal cancer survival-results from the EPIC Cohort Study2014In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 23, no 9, p. 1813-1823Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: We investigated whether prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium is associated with colorectal cancer survival.

    METHODS: Data from 3,859 subjects with colorectal cancer (42.1% male; mean age at diagnosis, 64.2 ± 8.1 years) in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were analyzed. Intake of dairy products and dietary calcium was assessed at baseline (1992-2000) using validated, country-specific dietary questionnaires. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate HR and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer-specific death (n = 1,028) and all-cause death (n = 1,525) for different quartiles of intake.

    RESULTS: The consumption of total dairy products was not statistically significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer-specific death (adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.43) nor that of all-cause death (Q4 vs. Q1, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.98-1.36). Multivariable-adjusted HRs for colorectal cancer-specific death (Q4 vs. Q1) were 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99-1.48) for milk, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.88-1.34) for yoghurt, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76-1.14) for cheese. The intake of dietary calcium was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer-specific death (adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81-1.26) nor that of all-cause death (Q4 vs. Q1, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.21).

    CONCLUSIONS: The prediagnostic reported intake of dairy products and dietary calcium is not associated with disease-specific or all-cause risk of death in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

    IMPACT: The impact of diet on cancer survival is largely unknown. This study shows that despite its inverse association with colorectal cancer risk, the prediagnostic intake of dairy and dietary calcium does not affect colorectal cancer survival.

  • 14. Donat-Vargas, Carolina
    et al.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Tornevi, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Sommar, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Koponen, Jani
    Kiviranta, Hannu
    Åkesson, Agneta
    Associations between repeated measure of plasma perfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk factors2019In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 124, p. 58-65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals that may affect components of metabolic risk through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor but epidemiological data remain scarce and inconsistent.

    Objective: To estimate associations between repeated measurements of the main PFAS in plasma and total cholesterol, triglycerides and hypertension among the control subjects from a population-based nested case-control study on diabetes type 2 in middle-aged women and men.

    Methods: Participants (n = 187) were free of diabetes at both baseline and follow-up visits to the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, 10 years apart: during 1990 to 2003 (baseline) and 2001 to 2013 (follow-up). Participants left blood samples, completed questionnaires on diet and lifestyle factors, and underwent medical examinations, including measurement of blood pressure. PFAS and lipids were later determined in stored plasma samples. Associations for the repeated measurements were assessed using generalized estimating equations.

    Results: Six PFAS exceeded the limit of quantitation. Repeated measures of PFAS in plasma, cardiometabolic risk factors and confounders, showed an average decrease of triglycerides from −0.16 mmol/l (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.33, 0.02 for PFOA) to −0.26 mmol/l (95% CI: −0.50, −0.08 for PFOS), when comparing the highest tertile of PFAS plasma levels with the lowest. Associations based on average PFAS measurements and follow-up triglycerides revealed similar inverse associations, although attenuated. The estimates for cholesterol and hypertension were inconsistent and with few exception non-significant.

    Conclusions: This study found inverse associations between PFAS and triglycerides, but did not support any clear link with either cholesterol or hypertension.

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  • 15. Donat-Vargas, Carolina
    et al.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Tornevi, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Sommar, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Kiviranta, Hannu
    Koponen, Jani
    Rolandsson, Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine.
    Akesson, Agneta
    Perfluoroalkyl substances and risk of type II diabetes: A prospective nested case-control study2019In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 123, p. 390-398Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have drawn much attention due to bioaccumulation potential and their current omnipresence in human blood. We assessed whether plasma PFAS, suspected to induce endocrine-disrupting effects, were prospectively associated with clinical type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.

    Methods: We established a nested case-control study within the Swedish prospective population-based Västerbotten Intervention Programme cohort. Several PFAS were measured in plasma from a subset of 124 case-control pairs at baseline (during 1990–2003) and at 10-year follow-up. T2D cases were matched (1:1) according to gender, age and sample date with participants without T2D (controls).

    Conditional logistic regressions were used to prospectively assess risk of T2D by baseline PFAS plasma concentrations. Associations between long-term PFAS plasma levels (mean of baseline and follow-up) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA2-B%) at follow-up were prospectively explored among 178 and 181 controls, respectively, by multivariable linear regressions.

    Results: After adjusting for gender, age, sample year, diet and body mass index, the odds ratio of T2D for the sum of PFAS (Σ z-score PFAS) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.20, 1.36), comparing third with first tertile; and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.00) per one standard deviation increment of sum of log-transformed PFAS. Among the controls, the adjusted β of HOMA2-IR and HOMA-B% for the sum of PFAS were −0.26 (95% CI: −0.52, −0.01) and −9.61 (95% CI: −22.60, 3.39) respectively comparing third with first tertile.

    Conclusions: This prospective nested case-control study yielded overall inverse associations between individual PFAS and risk of T2D, although mostly non-significant. Among participants without T2D, long-term PFAS exposure was prospectively associated with lower insulin resistance.

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  • 16. Donat-Vargas, Carolina
    et al.
    Åkesson, Agneta
    Tornevi, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Sommar, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Kiviranta, Hannu
    Rantakokko, Panu
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Plasma, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension in a Longitudinal Study2018In: Hypertension, ISSN 0194-911X, E-ISSN 1524-4563, Vol. 71, no 6, p. 1258-1268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) have shown to be involved in the atherosclerotic process and to cause endothelial cell dysfunction. To assess longitudinally whether plasma concentrations of different POPs were associated with blood pressure and risk of hypertension in middle-aged women and men. Study subjects were 850 participants in the VIP (Västerbotten Intervention Programme) with 2 blood samples and blood pressure measurements, 10 years apart, during 1990 to 2003 (baseline) and during 2000 to 2013 (follow-up). Dioxin-like and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs, NDL-PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were measured. Associations were assessed using generalized estimating equations. At baseline sampling 49% and at follow-up 64% had hypertension. DL-PCBs and DDE, but not NDL-PCBs or hexachlorobenzene, were associated with hypertension. Only the association for DL-PCBs remained statistically significant after lipid-standardization and adjustment for body mass index and total serum lipids. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of hypertension based on repeated measurements were 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.13) for DL-PCBs (third versus first tertile of lipid-standardized POPs). In stratified adjusted analyses, odds ratio for those born after 1950 increased to 3.99 (95% confidence interval, 2.15-7.43), whereas no association was observed among those born earlier. Based on repeated measurements, the accumulated exposure to DL-PCBs and DDE, although less clear for the latter, may disrupt the normal blood pressure levels and increase the odds of hypertension. Moreover, individuals experiencing early-life POP exposure may be at elevated risk of vascular POP effects.

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  • 17. Duarte-Salles, Talita
    et al.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Bamia, Christina
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Laursen, Anne Sofie Dam
    Hansen, Louise
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    His, Mathilde
    Boeing, Heiner
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Valanou, Elissavet
    Kritikou, Maria
    Masala, Giovanna
    Panico, Salvatore
    Sieri, Sabina
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Tumino, Rosario
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B As
    Peeters, Petra H
    Hjartåker, Anette
    Skeie, Guri
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Bonet, Catalina
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Sjöberg, Klas
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Travis, Ruth C
    Wareham, Nick
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Freisling, Heinz
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Cross, Amanda J
    Gunter, Marc
    Lu, Yunxia
    Jenab, Mazda
    Dietary fat, fat subtypes and hepatocellular carcinoma in a large European cohort2015In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 137, no 11, p. 2715-2728Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of amount and type of dietary fat consumption in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood, despite suggestive biological plausibility. The associations of total fat, fat subtypes and fat sources with HCC incidence were investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, which includes 191 incident HCC cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2010. Diet was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. A single 24-hr diet recall from a cohort subsample was used for measurement error calibration. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV/HCV) status and biomarkers of liver function were assessed separately in a nested case-control subset with available blood samples (HCC = 122). In multivariable calibrated models, there was a statistically significant inverse association between total fat intake and risk of HCC (per 10 g/day, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99), which was mainly driven by monounsaturated fats (per 5 g/day, HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.92) rather than polyunsaturated fats (per 5 g/day, HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.68-1.25). There was no association between saturated fats (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.88-1.34) and HCC risk. The ratio of polyunsaturated/monounsaturated fats to saturated fats was not significantly associated with HCC risk (per 0.2 point, HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.01). Restriction of analyses to HBV/HCV free participants or adjustment for liver function did not substantially alter the findings. In this large prospective European cohort, higher consumption of monounsaturated fats is associated with lower HCC risk.

  • 18. Duarte-Salles, Talita
    et al.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Bamia, Christina
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Trepo, Elisabeth
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Racine, Antoine
    Cadeau, Claire
    Kühn, Tilman
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Tsiotas, Konstantinos
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Palli, Domenico
    Pala, Valeria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B as
    Dik, Vincent K
    Peeters, Petra H
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Torhild Gram, Inger
    Hjartåker, Anette
    Ramón Quirós, Jose
    Fonseca-Nunes, Ana
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Navarro Sanchez, Carmen
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Lindkvist, Björn
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Travis, Ruth C
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Riboli, Elio
    Jenab, Mazda
    Dairy products and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition2014In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 135, no 7, p. 1662-1672Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Intake of dairy products has been associated with risk of some cancers, but findings are often inconsistent and information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is limited, particularly from prospective settings. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between consumption of total and specific dairy products (milk/cheese/yogurt) and their components (calcium/vitamin D/fats/protein), with first incident HCC (N(cases) = 191) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, including a nested case-control subset (N(cases) = 122) with the assessment of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infections status, liver damage and circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels. For cohort analyses, multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). For nested case-control analyses, conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% CI. A total of 477,206 participants were followed-up for an average of 11 years (person-years follow-up = 5,415,385). In the cohort study, a significant positive HCC risk association was observed for total dairy products (highest vs. lowest tertile, HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.13-2.43; p(trend) = 0.012), milk (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02-2.24; p(trend) = 0.049), and cheese (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.38; p(trend) = 0.101), but not yogurt (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.65-1.35). Dietary calcium, vitamin D, fat and protein from dairy sources were associated with increased HCC risk, whereas the same nutrients from nondairy sources showed inverse or null associations. In the nested case-control study, similar results were observed among hepatitis-free individuals. Results from this large prospective cohort study suggest that higher consumption of dairy products, particularly milk and cheese, may be associated with increased HCC risk. Validation of these findings in other populations is necessary. Potential biologic mechanisms require further exploration.

  • 19. Emaus, Marleen J.
    et al.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Bakker, Marije F.
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Dossus, Laure
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
    Baglietto, Laura
    Fortner, Renee T.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Masala, Giovanna
    Pala, Valeria
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Polidoro, Silvia
    Skeie, Guri
    Lund, Eiliv
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Travier, Noemie
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Gunter, Marc
    Riboli, Elio
    van Gils, Carla H.
    Vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer in the EPIC cohort2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 103, no 1, p. 168-177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The recent literature indicates that a high vegetable intake and not a high fruit intake could be associated with decreased steroid hormone receptor–negative breast cancer risk.

    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between vegetable and fruit intake and steroid hormone receptor–defined breast cancer risk.

    Design: A total of 335,054 female participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort were included in this study (mean ± SD age: 50.8 ± 9.8 y). Vegetable and fruit intake was measured by country-specific questionnaires filled out at recruitment between 1992 and 2000 with the use of standardized procedures. Cox proportional hazards models were stratified by age at recruitment and study center and were adjusted for breast cancer risk factors.

    Results: After a median follow-up of 11.5 y (IQR: 10.1–12.3 y), 10,197 incident invasive breast cancers were diagnosed [3479 estrogen and progesterone receptor positive (ER+PR+); 1021 ER and PR negative (ER−PR−)]. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of vegetable intake was associated with a lower risk of overall breast cancer (HRquintile 5–quintile 1: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.94). Although the inverse association was most apparent for ER−PR− breast cancer (ER−PR−: HRquintile 5–quintile 1: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.96; P-trend = 0.03; ER+PR+: HRquintile 5–quintile 1: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.05; P-trend = 0.14), the test for heterogeneity by hormone receptor status was not significant (P-heterogeneity = 0.09). Fruit intake was not significantly associated with total and hormone receptor–defined breast cancer risk.

    Conclusion: This study supports evidence that a high vegetable intake is associated with lower (mainly hormone receptor–negative) breast cancer risk.

  • 20. Engeset, Dagrun
    et al.
    Braaten, Tonje
    Teucher, Birgit
    Kühn, Tilman
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Leenders, Max
    Agudo, Antonio
    Bergmann, Manuela M
    Valanou, Elisavet
    Naska, Androniki
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Key, Timothy J
    Crowe, Francesca L
    Overvad, Kim
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Peeters, Petra H
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Jansson, Jan Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Dossus, Laure
    Dartois, Laureen
    Li, Kuanrong
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Ward, Heather
    Riboli, Elio
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Huerta, José María
    Sánchez, María-José
    Tumino, Rosario
    Altzibar, Jone M
    Vineis, Paolo
    Masala, Giovanna
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Muller, David C
    Johansson, Mattias
    Luisa Redondo, M
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Olsen, Karina Standahl
    Brustad, Magritt
    Skeie, Guri
    Lund, Eiliv
    Fish consumption and mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort2015In: European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, E-ISSN 1573-7284, Vol. 30, no 1, p. 57-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fish is a source of important nutrients and may play a role in preventing heart diseases and other health outcomes. However, studies of overall mortality and cause-specific mortality related to fish consumption are inconclusive. We examined the rate of overall mortality, as well as mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cancer in relation to the intake of total fish, lean fish, and fatty fish in a large prospective cohort including ten European countries. More than 500,000 men and women completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-1999 and were followed up for mortality until the end of 2010. 32,587 persons were reported dead since enrolment. Hazard ratios and their 99 % confidence interval were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Fish consumption was examined using quintiles based on reported consumption, using moderate fish consumption (third quintile) as reference, and as continuous variables, using increments of 10 g/day. All analyses were adjusted for possible confounders. No association was seen for fish consumption and overall or cause-specific mortality for both the categorical and the continuous analyses, but there seemed to be a U-shaped trend (p < 0.000) with fatty fish consumption and total mortality and with total fish consumption and cancer mortality (p = 0.046).

  • 21. Engström, Karin S
    et al.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Department of Medicine, Skellefteå Hospital, Skellefteå, Sweden.
    Strömberg, Ulf
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Lundh, Thomas
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health.
    Rentschler, Gerda
    Vessby, Bengt
    Skerfving, Staffan
    Broberg, Karin
    Evaluation of the impact of genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes on the association between methylmercury or n-3 polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study2011In: Environmental Health, E-ISSN 1476-069X, Vol. 10, p. Article nr 33-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are present in fish, are protective against myocardial infarction. However, fish also contains methylmercury, which influences the risk of myocardial infarction, possibly by generating oxidative stress. Methylmercury is metabolized by conjugation to glutathione, which facilitates elimination. Glutathione is also an antioxidant. Individuals with certain polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes may tolerate higher exposures to methylmercury, due to faster metabolism and elimination and/or better glutathione-associated antioxidative capacity. They would thus benefit more from the protective agents in fish, such as eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid and selenium. The objective for this study was to elucidate whether genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes modify the association between eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or methylmercury and risk of first ever myocardial infarction.

    METHODS: Polymorphisms in glutathione-synthesizing (glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, GCLC and glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, GCLM) or glutathione-conjugating (glutathione S-transferase P, GSTP1) genes were genotyped in 1027 individuals from northern Sweden (458 cases of first-ever myocardial infarction and 569 matched controls). The impact of these polymorphisms on the association between erythrocyte-mercury (proxy for methylmercury) and risk of myocardial infarction, as well as between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid and risk of myocardial infarction, was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. The effect of erythrocyte-selenium on risk of myocardial infarction was also taken into consideration.

    RESULTS: There were no strong genetic modifying effects on the association between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury and risk of myocardial infarction risk. When eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury were divided into tertiles, individuals with GCLM-588 TT genotype displayed a lower risk relative to the CC genotype in all but one tertile; in most tertiles the odds ratio was around 0.5 for TT. However, there were few TT carriers and the results were not statistically significant. The results were similar when taking plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid, erythrocyte-selenium and erythrocyte-mercury into account simultaneously.

    CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant genetic modifying effects were seen for the association between plasma eicosapentaenoic+docosahexaenoic acid or erythrocyte-mercury and risk of myocardial infarction. Still, our results indicate that the relatively rare GCLM-588 TT genotype may have an impact, but a larger study is necessary for confirmation.

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    Evaluation of the impact of genetic polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes on the association between methylmercury or n-3 polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study
  • 22.
    Eriksson, Marie
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Forslund, Ann-Sofi
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Söderberg, Stefan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Greater decreases in cholesterol levels among individuals with high cardiovascular risk than among the general population: the northern Sweden MONICA study 1994 to 20142016In: European Heart Journal, ISSN 0195-668X, E-ISSN 1522-9645, Vol. 37, no 25, p. 1985-1992Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: Decreasing cholesterol levels in Western populations is the main reason for decreasing mortality due to coronary heart disease. Our aim was to analyze trends in cholesterol levels in the population during a period of 20 years in relation to previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), other cardiovascular risk factors, and socioeconomic status.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 4546 women and 4349 men aged 25-74 years participated in five population-based surveys in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study between 1994 and 2014 (participation rate 76.8-62.5%). Total cholesterol levels decreased from 6.2 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, CI, 6.1-6.2) in 1994 to 5.5 mmol/L (CI 5.4-5.5) in 2014. The decrease was more pronounced in elderly vs. younger participants (1.0 vs. 0.5 mmol/L). In 2014, participants with previous CVD, diabetes, or hypertension had lower cholesterol levels than the general population, whereas their levels were higher or similar to the general population in 1994. The use of lipid-lowering drugs increased markedly and was used by 14.3% in 2014. Previously described differences in cholesterol levels between participants with obesity and normal weight, and between those with and without university education, diminished, or vanished over time.

    CONCLUSION: Cholesterol levels decreased by 0.7 mmol/L over 20 years with no sign of abating. The improvement occurred in all age and gender groups but more prominently among those at high risk of ischaemic heart disease.

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  • 23.
    Fiolet, Thibault
    et al.
    Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Villejuif, France.
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, Lyon, France.
    Nicolas, Geneviève
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, Lyon, France.
    Horvath, Zsuzsanna
    European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, Parma, Italy.
    Frenoy, Pauline
    Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Villejuif, France.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, Lyon, France.
    Katzke, Verena
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Rodriguez-Barranco, Miguel
    Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
    Panico, Salvatore
    Dipartimento di medicina clinica e chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Dept Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Grioni, Sara
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian, 1, Milano, Italy.
    Agudo, Antonio
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain., Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
    Rylander, Charlotta
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Haugdahl Nøst, Therese
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Skeie, Guri
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
    Amiano, Pilar
    Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases, San Sebastián, Spain.
    Dolores Chirlaque López, María
    Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Germen Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Cairat, Manon
    Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Villejuif, France; Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, Lyon, France.
    Kvaskoff, Marina
    Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Villejuif, France.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, Lyon, France.
    Romana Mancini, Francesca
    Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Villejuif, France.
    Dietary intakes of dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and breast cancer risk in 9 European countries2022In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 163, article id 107213Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have demonstrated endocrine disrupting properties. Several of these chemicals are carcinogenic and positive associations have been suggested with breast cancer risk. In general population, diet represents the main source of exposure.

    Methods: Associations between dietary intake of 17 dioxins and 35 PCBs and breast cancer were evaluated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries using multivariable Cox regressions. The present study included 318,607 women (mean ± SD age: 50.7 ± 9.7) with 13,241 incident invasive breast cancers and a median follow-up of 14.9 years (IQR = 13.5–16.4). Dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs was assessed combining EPIC food consumption data with food contamination data provided by the European Food Safety Authority.

    Results: Exposure to dioxins, dioxins + Dioxin-Like-PCBs, Dioxin-Like-PCBs (DL-PCBs), and Non-Dioxin-Like-PCBs (NDL-PCBs) estimated from reported dietary intakes were not associated with breast cancer incidence, with the following hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for an increment of 1 SD: HRdioxins = 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02), HRdioxins+DL-PCB = 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03), HRDL-PCB = 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03), and HRNDL-PCB = 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03). Results remained unchanged when analyzing intakes as quintile groups, as well as when analyses were run separately per country, or separating breast cancer cases based on estrogen receptor status or after further adjustments on main contributing food groups to PCBs and dioxins intake and nutritional factors.

    Conclusions: This large European prospective study does not support the hypothesis of an association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs and breast cancer risk.

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  • 24.
    Fortuin-de Smidt, Melony
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Bergman, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Grönlund, Christer
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences.
    Hult, Andreas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation.
    Norberg, Margareta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Wennberg, Patrik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Early adulthood exercise capacity, but not muscle strength, associates with subclinical atherosclerosis 40 years later in Swedish men2023In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, ISSN 2047-4873, E-ISSN 2047-4881, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 407-415Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: Poor exercise capacity and muscle strength in early adulthood are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear how these factors relate to subclinical atherosclerosis due to a lack of longitudinal studies. This study investigated whether early adulthood exercise capacity and muscle strength associated with later adulthood subclinical atherosclerosis.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included Swedish men (n = 797) who were eligible for military conscription (at ∼18-years of age) and who participated in the baseline assessment of the visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention trial between 2013 and 2016 (at 60 years of age). At conscription, isometric muscle strength (dynamometer) and maximum exercise capacity (maximal load cycle ergometer test) were measured. During later adulthood (at 60 years old), the presence of carotid plaques and intima media thickness were measured by using high-resolution ultrasound. At follow-up, plaques were present in 62% (n = 493) of men. Exercise capacity in early adulthood associated with 19% lower odds of plaques [odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.96], independent of muscle strength. This association was not mediated by any single CVD risk factor. However, the total indirect effect of later, but not early, adulthood CVD risk factors was significant, while the direct effect was non-significant (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-1.02). Associations between muscle strength and subclinical atherosclerosis were non-significant.

    CONCLUSION: Higher exercise capacity during early adulthood, but not muscle strength, may protect against carotid plaque development during adulthood mediated by the combination rather than a single later adulthood CVD risk factors.

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  • 25. Hughes, David J
    et al.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Jenab, Mazda
    Schomburg, Lutz
    Méplan, Catherine
    Freisling, Heinz
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B As
    Hybsier, Sandra
    Becker, Niels-Peter
    Czuban, Magdalena
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Outzen, Malene
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Racine, Antoine
    Bastide, Nadia
    Kühn, Tilman
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Panico, Salvatore
    Peeters, Petra H
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Skeie, Guri
    Dagrun, Engeset
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Ljuslinder, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bradbury, Kathryn E
    Vineis, Paolo
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Palli, Domenico
    Boeing, Heiner
    Overvad, Kim
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Cross, Amanda J
    Quirós, Jose Ramón
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Kong, So Yeon
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Riboli, Elio
    Hesketh, John E
    Selenium status is associated with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition cohort.2015In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 136, no 5, p. 1149-1161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suboptimal intakes of the micronutrient selenium (Se) are found in many parts of Europe. Low Se status may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We assessed Se status by measuring serum levels of Se and Selenoprotein P (SePP) and examined the association with CRC risk in a nested case-control design (966 CRC cases; 966 matched controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Se was measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and SePP by immunoluminometric sandwich assay. Multivariable incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Respective mean Se and SePP levels were 84.0 μg/L and 4.3 mg/L in cases and 85.6 μg/L and 4.4 mg/L in controls. Higher Se concentrations were associated with a non-significant lower CRC risk (IRR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03 per 25 μg/L increase). However, sub-group analyses by sex showed a statistically significant association for women (ptrend  = 0.032; per 25 μg/L Se increase, IRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) but not for men. Higher SePP concentrations were inversely associated with CRC risk (ptrend  = 0.009; per 0.806 mg/L increase, IRR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) with the association more apparent in women (ptrend  = 0.004; IRR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94 per 0.806 mg/L increase) than men (ptrend  = 0.485; IRR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12 per 0.806 mg/L increase). The findings indicate that Se status is suboptimal in many Europeans and suggest an inverse association between CRC risk and higher serum Se status, which is more evident in women.

  • 26. Huseinovic, E.
    et al.
    Winkvist, A.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Slimani, N.
    Park, M. K.
    Freisling, H.
    Boeing, H.
    Buckland, G.
    Schwingshackl, L.
    Weiderpass, E.
    Rostgaard-Hansen, A. L.
    Tjønneland, A.
    Affret, A.
    Boutron-Ruault, M. C.
    Fagherazzi, G.
    Katzke, V.
    Kühn, T.
    Naska, A.
    Orfanos, P.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Pala, V.
    Palli, D.
    Ricceri, F.
    Santucci de Magistris, M.
    Tumino, R.
    Engeset, D.
    Enget, T.
    Skeie, G.
    Barricarte, A.
    Bonet, C. B.
    Chirlaque, M. D.
    Amiano, P.
    Quirós, J. R.
    Sánchez, M. J.
    Dias, J. A.
    Drake, I.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Boer, J. M. A.
    Ocké, M. C.
    Verschuren, W. M. M.
    Lassale, C.
    Perez-Cornago, A.
    Riboli, E.
    Ward, H.
    Bertéus Forslund, H.
    Meal patterns across ten European countries: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study2016In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 19, no 15, p. 2769-2780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995-2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion.

    SETTING: Twenty-seven centres across ten European countries.

    SUBJECTS: Women (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35-74 years (n 36 020).

    RESULTS: Pronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38-43 % for women and 41-45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16-27 % for women and 20-26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south-north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13-20 % (women) and 10-17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24-34 % (women) and 23-35 % (men) in central/northern Europe.

    CONCLUSIONS: We found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.

  • 27. Huseinovic, Ena
    et al.
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Freisling, Heinz
    Slimani, Nadia
    Boeing, Heiner
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Schwingshackl, Lukas
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Mancini, Francesca
    Artaud, Fanny
    Kühn, Tilman
    Katzke, Verena
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Naska, Androniki
    Orfanos, Philippos
    Tumino, Rosario
    Masala, Giovanna
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Santucci de Magistris, Maria
    Ocké, Marga C
    Brustad, Magritt
    Jensen, Torill Enget
    Skeie, Guri
    Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel
    Huerta, José María
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Quirós, José Ramón
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Key, Timothy J
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Riboli, Elio
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Bertéus Forslund, Heléne
    Timing of eating across ten European countries: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study2019In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 324-335Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine timing of eating across ten European countries.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study using standardized 24 h diet recalls collected during 1995-2000. Eleven predefined food consumption occasions were assessed during the recall interview. We present time of consumption of meals and snacks as well as the later:earlier energy intake ratio, with earlier and later intakes defined as 06.00-14.00 and 15.00-24.00 hours, respectively. Type III tests were used to examine associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables with timing of energy intake.

    SETTING: Ten Western European countries.

    SUBJECTS: In total, 22 985 women and 13 035 men aged 35-74 years (n 36 020).

    RESULTS: A south-north gradient was observed for timing of eating, with later consumption of meals and snacks in Mediterranean countries compared with Central and Northern European countries. However, the energy load was reversed, with the later:earlier energy intake ratio ranging from 0·68 (France) to 1·39 (Norway) among women, and from 0·71 (Greece) to 1·35 (the Netherlands) among men. Among women, country, age, education, marital status, smoking, day of recall and season were all independently associated with timing of energy intake (all P<0·05). Among men, the corresponding variables were country, age, education, smoking, physical activity, BMI and day of recall (all P<0·05).

    CONCLUSIONS: We found pronounced differences in timing of eating across Europe, with later meal timetables but greater energy load earlier during the day in Mediterranean countries compared with Central and Northern European countries.

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  • 28. Jankovic, Nicole
    et al.
    Geelen, Anouk
    Streppel, Martinette T.
    de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.
    Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C.
    Orfanos, Philippos
    Bamia, Christina
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Bobak, Martin
    Pikhart, Hynek
    Kee, Frank
    O'Doherty, Mark G.
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Woodside, Jayne
    Franco, Oscar H.
    Ikram, M. Arfan
    Struijk, Ellen A.
    Pajak, Andrzej
    Malyutina, Sofia
    Kubinova, Ruzena
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Park, Yikyung
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Kampman, Ellen
    Feskens, Edith J.
    WHO guidelines for a healthy diet and mortality from cardiovascular disease in European and American elderly: the CHANCES project2015In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 102, no 4, p. 745-756Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a leading cause of mortality worldwide, especially in the elderly. Lowering the number of CVD deaths requires preventive strategies targeted on the elderly. Objective: The objective was to generate evidence on the association between WHO dietary recommendations and mortality from CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke in the elderly aged >= 60 y. Design: We analyzed data from 10 prospective cohort studies from Europe and the United States comprising a total sample of 281,874 men and women free from chronic diseases at baseline. Components of the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) included saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, protein, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and fruit and vegetables. Cohort-specific HRs adjusted for sex, education, smoking, physical activity, and energy and alcohol intakes were pooled by using a random-effects model. Results: During 3,322,768 person-years of follow-up, 12,492 people died of CVD. An increase of 10 HDI points (complete adherence to an additional WHO guideline) was, on average, not associated with CVD mortality (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.03), CAD mortality (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.14), or stroke mortality (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.03). However, after stratification of the data by geographic region, adherence to the HDI was associated with reduced CVD mortality in the southern European cohorts (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96; I2 = 0%) and in the US cohort (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87; I2 = not applicable). Conclusion: Overall, greater adherence to the WHO dietary guidelines was not significantly associated with CVD mortality, but the results varied across regions. Clear inverse associations were observed in elderly populations in southein Europe and the United States.

  • 29.
    Johansson, Cecilia
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Lind, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Eriksson, Marie
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    Johansson, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Alcohol consumption and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study2020In: European journal of internal medicine, ISSN 0953-6205, E-ISSN 1879-0828, Vol. 76, p. 50-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common tachyarrhythmia. High alcohol consumption is associated with increased AF risk. It remains unclear whether lower levels of alcohol consumption are also associated with AF risk, and whether the association differs between men and women. In this study, we investigated the association between low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption and AF risk in men and women.

    METHODS: We performed a population-based cohort study of 109,230 health examination participants in northern Sweden. Data regarding alcohol intake were obtained using a questionnaire administered at the health examination. Incident AF cases were identified from the Swedish National Patient Registry.

    RESULTS: AF was diagnosed in 5,230 individuals during a total follow-up of 1,484,547 person-years. Among men, AF risk increased over quartiles of weekly alcohol consumption (P for trend 0.001). Men with alcohol consumption in the highest quartile (≥4.83 standard drinks [each drink containing 12 gs of ethanol] per week; SDW) had a HR of 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.34) for AF compared to men in the lowest quartile (<0.90 SDW). In men, problem drinking was also associated with an increased AF risk (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.10-1.39). Among women, AF risk was not significantly associated with alcohol consumption (P for trend 0.09 for decreasing risk of AF over quartiles of weekly alcohol consumption) or problem drinking (HR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.70-1.42).

    CONCLUSION: Self-reported alcohol consumption and problem drinking were associated with an increased risk of AF among men, but not in women.

  • 30.
    Johansson, Magdalena
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Johansson, Lars
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lind, Marcus
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Alcohol Consumption and Risk of First-Time Venous Thromboembolism in Men and Women2019In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis, ISSN 0340-6245, E-ISSN 2567-689X, Vol. 119, no 6, p. 962-970Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The relationship between alcohol intake and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unclear. Men and women differ in their drinking habits, which may affect a possible association.

    OBJECTIVE: This article investigates the association between alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence and VTE in the total population as well as in men and women separately.

    METHODS: We performed a prospective, population-based cohort study in northern Sweden. Study participants were 108,025 (51% women) persons aged 30 to 60 years who underwent a health examination between 1985 and 2014. We assessed alcohol consumption and defined alcohol dependence using a questionnaire. The outcome was a validated first-time VTE.

    RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 13.9 years, and 2,054 participants had a first-time VTE. The mean alcohol consumption was 3.5 standard drinks weekly in men and 1.5 in women. Alcohol dependence was found in 10% of men and 3% of women. There was an association between alcohol consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.03 per standard drink weekly) as well as alcohol dependence (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.52) and VTE after adjustments. In men, the risk of VTE increased over quartiles of weekly alcohol consumption (p for trend 0.02), with a HR of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.01-1.47) for the highest quartile. Alcohol dependence was associated with VTE in men (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.59). In women, there were no significant associations.

    CONCLUSION: High alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence were associated with increased risk of first-time VTE in men, but not in women.

  • 31.
    Kalin, Kenny
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Radholm, K.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Tremaroli, V.
    Brolin, H.
    Woodward, M.
    Bäckhed, F.
    Rolandsson, Olov
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    The effect of saccharin consumption on microbiota composition and insulin sensitivity: a clinical, experimental open label pilot study2020In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 63, no SUPPL 1, p. S223-S224Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: In a previous study it was suggested that consumption of saccharin, a non-caloric artificial sweetener (NAS), often consumed by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, increases the risk of developing glucose intolerance in rodents and humans through microbiota alterations. However, the study was small and did not use insulin clamp, the gold standard for measuring insulin sensitivity in humans. Thus, our aim was to further investigate whether NAS affect insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota in humans.

    Materials and methods: We recruited 14 participants (8 women and 6 men) who were non-diabetic, 60.0 (IQR 56.8-64.0) years of age with a body mass index of 27.9 (IQR 27.1-28.5). The study was an open label study where participants acted as their own control. Their insulin sensitivity was measured before and after exposure of 240 mg saccharin/day for three months. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and the ‘M value’ was calculated by dividing the glucose infusion rate during the last 60 minutes of the clamp by body weight (mg/kg/min). Stool samples were collected before and after saccharin consumption. Microbiota was analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

    Results: Thirteen of the 14 participants completed the study. There was no change in insulin resistance after exposure to saccharin (mean M value difference (ΔM) 0.0 (SD 1.6). ΔM was not related to age or sex . Individual M values from the first and second insulin clamp are shown in Figure 1 and indicate some individual responses. During the study 6 participants reduced their HbA1c ≥ 3 mmol/mol. Overall, there was no change in composition or richness of the gut microbiota as a result of saccharin consumption. Furthermore, there was no change in microbiota at end of follow-up for participants with a HbA1c reduction compared to participants without a HbA1c reduction of 3 mmol/mol or more. However, there were small differences in gut microbiota between HbA1c reducers and non-reducers at baseline, with lower gut microbiota diversity in reducers. The reducer group was mainly men who tended to lose more weight than non-reducers; the weight loss was, however, not statistically significant. Statistical analyses of study data were performed by using Student’s t-test.

    Conclusion: In contrast to prior studies we did not find an effect of NAS on insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, NAS consumption did not alter microbiota composition in these overweight, middle aged adults without type 2 diabetes.

  • 32. Key, Timothy J.
    et al.
    Appleby, Paul N.
    Bradbury, Kathryn E.
    Sweeting, Michael
    Wood, Angela
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Kühn, Tilman
    Steur, Marinka
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Würtz, Anne Mette Lund
    Agudo, Antonio
    Andersson, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Arriola, Larraitz
    Boeing, Heiner
    Boer, Jolanda M. A.
    Bonnet, Fabrice
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Gunter, Marc
    Huerta, José María
    Katzke, Verena
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Krogh, Vittorio
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Matullo, Giuseppe
    Moreno-Iribas, Conchi
    Naska, Androniki
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Palli, Domenico
    Panico, Salvatore
    Molina-Portillo, Elena
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Skeie, Guri
    Sluijs, Ivonne
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Stepien, Magdalena
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Tumino, Rosario
    Tzoulaki, Ioanna
    van der Schouw, Yvonne T.
    Verschuren, W. M. Monique
    Di Angelantonio, Emanuele
    Langenberg, Claudia
    Forouhi, Nita
    Wareham, Nick
    Butterworth, Adam
    Riboli, Elio
    Danesh, John
    Consumption of Meat, Fish, Dairy Products, Eggs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Prospective Study of 7198 Incident Cases Among 409,885 Participants in the Pan-European EPIC Cohort2019In: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539, Vol. 139, no 25, p. 2835-2845Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the relevance of animal foods to the etiology of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined meat, fish, dairy products and eggs and risk for IHD in the pan-European EPIC cohort.

    METHODS: A prospective study of 409,885 men and women in nine European countries. Diet was assessed using validated questionnaires, calibrated using 24-hour recalls. Lipids and blood pressure were measured in a subsample. During 12.6 years mean follow up, 7198 participants had a myocardial infarction or died from IHD. The relationships of animal foods with risk were examined using Cox regression with adjustment for other animal foods and relevant covariates.

    RESULTS: The hazard ratio (HR) for IHD was 1.19 (95% CI 1.06-1.33) for a 100 g/d increment in intake of red and processed meat, and this remained significant after excluding the first 4 years of follow-up (HR 1.25 [1.09-1.42]). Risk was inversely associated with intakes of yogurt (HR 0.93 [0.89-0.98] per 100 g/d increment), cheese (HR 0.92 [0.86-0.98] per 30 g/d increment) and eggs (HR 0.93 [0.88-0.99] per 20 g/d increment); the associations with yogurt and eggs were attenuated and non-significant after excluding the first 4 years of follow-up. Risk was not significantly associated with intakes of poultry, fish or milk. In analyses modelling dietary substitutions, replacement of 100 kcal/d from red and processed meat with 100 kcal/d from fatty fish, yogurt, cheese or eggs was associated with approximately 20% lower risk of IHD. Consumption of red and processed meat was positively associated with serum non-HDL cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure, and consumption of cheese was inversely associated with serum non-HDL cholesterol.

    CONCLUSIONS: Risk for IHD was positively associated with consumption of red and processed meat, and inversely associated with consumption of yogurt, cheese and eggs, although the associations with yogurt and eggs may be influenced by reverse causation bias. It is not clear whether the associations with red and processed meat and cheese reflect causality, but they were consistent with the associations of these foods with plasma non-HDL cholesterol, and for red and processed meat with systolic blood pressure, which could mediate such effects.

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  • 33.
    Larsson, Kristin
    et al.
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ljung Björklund, Karin
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Palm, Brita
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Kaj, Lennart
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindh, Christian H
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Jönsson, Bo A G
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Berglund, Marika
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children2014In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 73, p. 323-33Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), used in a wide variety of consumer products, are suspected endocrine disrupters although their level of toxicity is thought to be low. Combined exposure may occur through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, and their toxic as well as combined effects are poorly understood. The objective of the study was to estimate the exposure to these chemicals in Swedish mothers and their children (6-11 years old) and investigate potential predictors of the exposure. Urine samples from 98 mother-child couples living in either a rural or an urban area were analyzed for the concentrations of four metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), three metabolites of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), methylparaben (MetP), ethylparaben (EthP), propylparaben (ProP), butylparaben, benzylparaben, BPA, and TCS. Information on sociodemographics, food consumption habits and use of personal care products, obtained via a questionnaire, was used to investigate the associations between the urinary levels of chemicals and potential exposure factors. There were fairly good correlations of biomarker levels between the mothers and their children. The children had generally higher levels of phthalates (geometric mean ΣDEHP 65.5 μg/L; ΣDiNP 37.8 μg/L; MBzP 19.9 μg/L; MnBP 76.9 μg/L) than the mothers (ΣDEHP 38.4 μg/L; ΣDiNP 33.8 μg/L; MBzP 12.8 μg/L; MnBP 63.0 μg/L). Conversely, the mother's levels of parabens (MetP 37.8 μg/L; ProP 13.9 μg/L) and MEP (43.4 μg/L) were higher than the children's levels of parabens (MetP 6.8 μg/L; ProP 2.1 μg/L) and MEP (28.8 μg/L). The urinary levels of low molecular weight phthalates were higher among mothers and children in the rural area (MBzP p=<0.001; MnBP p=0.001-0.002), which is probably due to higher presence of PVC in floorings and wall coverings in this area, whereas the levels of parabens were higher among the children in the urban area (MetP p=0.003; ProP p=0.004) than in the rural area. The levels of high molecular weight phthalates were associated with consumption of certain foods (i.e. chocolate and ice cream) whereas the levels of parabens were associated with use of cosmetics and personal care products.

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  • 34. Leenders, Max
    et al.
    Siersema, Peter D
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Bastide, Nadia
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Boeing, Heiner
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Klinaki, Eleni
    Masala, Giovanna
    Grioni, Sara
    Santucci De Magistris, Maria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Lund, Eiliv
    Skeie, Guri
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Agudo, Antonio
    Sánchez, María-José
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Navarro, Carmen
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Jirström, Karin
    Van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Key, Timothy J
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Cross, Amanda J
    Murphy, Neil
    Riboli, Elio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Subtypes of fruit and vegetables, variety in consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition2015In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 137, no 11, p. 2705-2714Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previously, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed with fruit and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition within a follow-up period of 9 years which was not fully supported by a recent meta-analysis. Therefore, we were interested in the relation with extended follow-up, also focusing on single subtypes and a variety of intake of fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed at baseline. After an average of 13 years of follow-up, 3,370 participants were diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer. Diet diversity scores were constructed to quantify variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. A lower risk of colon cancer was observed with higher self-reported consumption of fruit and vegetable combined (HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.01, p for trend 0.02), but no consistent association was observed for separate consumption of fruits and vegetables. No associations with risk of rectal cancer were observed. The few observed associations for some fruit and vegetable subtypes with colon cancer risk may have been due to chance. Variety in consumption of fruits and vegetables was not associated with a lower risk of colon or rectal cancer. Although a lower risk of colon cancer is suggested with high consumption of fruit and vegetables, this study does not support a clear inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and colon or rectal cancer beyond a follow-up of more than 10 years. Attenuation of the risk estimates from dietary changes over time cannot be excluded, but appears unlikely.

  • 35.
    Linseisen, Jakob
    et al.
    Department of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at Munchen, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany; Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at Munchen, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Neus€asser Straße 47, Augsburg, Germany.
    Grundmann, Nina
    Department of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at Munchen, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany; Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany.
    Zoller, Dorothee
    Department of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at Munchen, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Kuhn, Tilman
    German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Jansen, Eugene H.J.M.
    Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
    Chajes, Veronique
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, GA, Atlanta, United States.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Overvad, Kim
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Centre de recherche en Epidemiologie et Sante des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Insti-tut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
    Rothwell, Joseph A.
    Centre de recherche en Epidemiologie et Sante des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Insti-tut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
    Severi, Gianluca
    Centre de recherche en Epidemiologie et Sante des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Insti-tut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
    Sieri, Sabina
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Panico, Salvatore
    Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority, Ragusa, Italy.
    Masala, Giovanna
    Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy.
    de Marco, Laura
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, A.O.U. Citta della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy.
    Bueno-De-Mesquita, Bas
    Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
    Vermeulen, Roel
    Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Gram, Inger T.
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Skeie, Guri
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
    Agudo, Antonio
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Amiano, Pilar
    Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Bodén, Stina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Aglago, Elom K.
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Jenab, Mazda
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Nieters, Alexandra
    Institute of Immunodeficiency, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
    Red blood cell fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)2021In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 874-885Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of dietary fatty acid (FA) profiles are associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, data from large-scale epidemiologic studies using circulating FA measurements to objectively assess individual FA and FA categories are scarce.

    Methods: We investigate the association between red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs and risk of colorectal cancer in a case–control study nested within a large prospective cohort. After a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,069 incident colorectal cancer cases were identified and matched to 1,069 controls among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The FA composition of RBC phospholipids (in mol%) was analyzed by gas chromatography, and their association with risk of colorectal cancer was estimated by multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression models.

    Results: After correction for multiple testing, subjects with higher concentrations of RBC stearic acid were at higher risk for colorectal cancer (OR ¼ 1.23; 95% CI ¼ 1.07–1.42, per 1 mol%). Conversely, colorectal cancer incidence decreased with increasing proportions of RBC n-3 PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (0.75; 0.62–0.92, per 1 mol%). The findings for the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid were inconsistent.

    Conclusions: The positive association between prediagnostic RBC stearic acid and colorectal cancer reflects putative differences in FA intake and metabolism between cancer cases and matched controls, which deserve further investigation. The inverse relationship between EPA and colorectal cancer is in line with the repeatedly reported protective effect of fish consumption on colorectal cancer risk.

    Impact: These findings add to the evidence on colorectal cancer prevention.

  • 36. Marklund, Matti
    et al.
    Wu, Jason H Y
    Imamura, Fumiaki
    Del Gobbo, Liana C
    Fretts, Amanda
    de Goede, Janette
    Shi, Peilin
    Tintle, Nathan
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Aslibekyan, Stella
    Chen, Tzu-An
    de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C
    Hirakawa, Yoichiro
    Eriksen, Helle Højmark
    Kröger, Janine
    Laguzzi, Federica
    Lankinen, Maria
    Murphy, Rachel A
    Prem, Kiesha
    Samieri, Cécilia
    Virtanen, Jyrki
    Wood, Alexis C
    Wong, Kerry
    Yang, Wei-Sin
    Zhou, Xia
    Baylin, Ana
    Boer, Jolanda M A
    Brouwer, Ingeborg A
    Campos, Hannia
    Chaves, Paulo H M
    Chien, Kuo-Liong
    de Faire, Ulf
    Djoussé, Luc
    Eiriksdottir, Gudny
    El-Abbadi, Naglaa
    Forouhi, Nita G
    Gaziano, J Michael
    Geleijnse, Johanna M
    Gigante, Bruna
    Giles, Graham
    Guallar, Eliseo
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Harris, Tamara
    Harris, William S
    Helmer, Catherine
    Hellénius, Mai-Lis
    Hodge, Allison
    Hu, Frank B
    Jacques, Paul F
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Kalsbeek, Anya
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Koh, Woon-Puay
    Laakso, Markku
    Leander, Karin
    Lin, Hung-Ju
    Lind, Lars
    Luben, Robert
    Luo, Juhua
    McKnight, Barbara
    Mursu, Jaakko
    Ninomiya, Toshiharu
    Overvad, Kim
    Psaty, Bruce M
    Rimm, Eric
    Schulze, Matthias B
    Siscovick, David
    Skjelbo Nielsen, Michael
    Smith, Albert V
    Steffen, Brian T
    Steffen, Lyn
    Sun, Qi
    Sundström, Johan
    Tsai, Michael Y
    Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh
    Uusitupa, Matti I J
    van Dam, Rob M
    Veenstra, Jenna
    Verschuren, W M Monique
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Willett, Walter
    Woodward, Mark
    Yuan, Jian-Min
    Micha, Renata
    Lemaitre, Rozenn N
    Mozaffarian, Dariush
    Risérus, Ulf
    Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 30 Cohort Studies2019In: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539, Vol. 139, no 21, p. 2422-2436Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Global dietary recommendations for and cardiovascular effects of linoleic acid, the major dietary omega-6 fatty acid, and its major metabolite, arachidonic acid, remain controversial. To address this uncertainty and inform international recommendations, we evaluated how in vivo circulating and tissue levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) relate to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across multiple international studies.

    METHODS: We performed harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses in a global consortium of 30 prospective observational studies from 13 countries. Multivariable-adjusted associations of circulating and adipose tissue LA and AA biomarkers with incident total CVD and subtypes (coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality) were investigated according to a prespecified analytical plan. Levels of LA and AA, measured as % of total fatty acids, were evaluated linearly according to their interquintile range (i.e., the range between the mid-point of the first and fifth quintiles), and categorically by quintiles. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by age, sex, race, diabetes, statin use, aspirin use, omega-3 levels, and fatty acid desaturase 1 genotype (when available).

    RESULTS: In 30 prospective studies with medians of follow-up ranging 2.5 to 31.9 years, 15,198 incident cardiovascular events occurred among 68,659 participants. Higher levels of LA were significantly associated with lower risks of total CVD, cardiovascular mortality, and ischemic stroke, with hazard ratios per interquintile range of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-0.99), 0.78 (0.70-0.85), and 0.88 (0.79-0.98), respectively, and nonsignificantly with lower CHD risk (0.94; 0.88-1.00). Relationships were similar for LA evaluated across quintiles. AA levels were not associated with higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes; comparing extreme quintiles, higher levels were associated with lower risk of total CVD (0.92; 0.86-0.99). No consistent heterogeneity by population subgroups was identified in the observed relationships.

    CONCLUSIONS: In pooled global analyses, higher in vivo circulating and tissue levels of LA and possibly AA were associated with lower risk of major cardiovascular events. These results support a favorable role for LA in CVD prevention.

  • 37.
    Matta, Michèle
    et al.
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Biessy, Carine
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Casagrande, Corinne
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Yammine, Sahar
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Fournier, Agnès
    CESP “Health Across Generations”, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Univ Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
    Olsen, Karina Standahl
    Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Lukic, Marco
    Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
    Sánchez, Maria-José
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Dossus, Laure
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Fortner, Renée T.
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Srour, Bernard
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Jannasch, Franziska
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Amiano, Pilar
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
    Agudo, Antonio
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
    Colorado-Yohar, Sandra
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), Ragusa, Italy.
    Panico, Salvatore
    Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federici II University, Naples, Italy.
    Masala, Giovanna
    Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network – ISPRO, Florence, Italy.
    Pala, Valeria
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, di Milano Via Venezian, 1, Milan, Italy.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Via Santena 7, Turin, Italy.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Olsen, Anja
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Rosendahl, Ann H.
    Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Borgquist, Signe
    Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
    Schmidt, Julie
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Chajes, Veronique
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Murphy, Neil
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
    Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and breast cancer risk in 9 European countries2021In: BMC Medicine, E-ISSN 1741-7015, Vol. 19, no 1, article id 81Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been hypothesised to influence breast cancer risk. However, relatively few prospective studies have examined this relationship, and well-powered analyses according to hormone receptor-defined molecular subtypes, menopausal status, and body size have rarely been conducted. Methods: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we investigated the associations between dietary intakes of TFAs (industrial trans fatty acids [ITFAs] and ruminant trans fatty acids [RTFAs]) and breast cancer risk among 318,607 women. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors. Results: After a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 13,241 breast cancer cases occurred. In the multivariable-adjusted model, higher total ITFA intake was associated with elevated breast cancer risk (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23; P trend = 0.001). A similar positive association was found between intake of elaidic acid, the predominant ITFA, and breast cancer risk (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23; P trend = 0.001). Intake of total RTFAs was also associated with higher breast cancer risk (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17; P trend = 0.015). For individual RTFAs, we found positive associations with breast cancer risk for dietary intakes of two strongly correlated fatty acids (Spearman correlation r = 0.77), conjugated linoleic acid (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20; P trend = 0.001) and palmitelaidic acid (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16; P trend = 0.028). Similar associations were found for total ITFAs and RTFAs with breast cancer risk according to menopausal status, body mass index, and breast cancer subtypes. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that higher dietary intakes of ITFAs, in particular elaidic acid, are associated with elevated breast cancer risk. Due to the high correlation between conjugated linoleic acid and palmitelaidic acid, we were unable to disentangle the positive associations found for these fatty acids with breast cancer risk. Further mechanistic studies are needed to identify biological pathways that may underlie these associations.

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  • 38.
    Meltzer, Helle Margrete
    et al.
    Division of Climate and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
    Jensen, Tina Kold
    Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
    Májek, Ondřej
    Institute of Health and Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Moshammer, Hanns
    Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Austria; Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Karakalpakstan, Nukus, Uzbekistan.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Åkesson, Agneta
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tolonen, Hanna
    Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
    Enhancing Human Biomonitoring Studies through Linkage to Administrative Registers–Status in Europe2022In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 19, no 9, article id 5678Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Record linkage of human biomonitoring (HBM) survey data with administrative register data can be used to enhance available datasets and complement the possible shortcomings of both data sources. Through record linkage, valuable information on medical history (diagnosed diseases, medication use, etc.) and follow-up information on health and vital status for established cohorts can be obtained. In this study, we investigated the availability of health registers in different EU Member States and EEA countries and assessed whether they could be linked to HBM studies. We found that the availability of administrative health registers varied substantially between European countries as well as the availability of unique personal identifiers that would facilitate record linkage. General protocols for record linkage were similar in all countries with ethical and data protections approval, informed consent, approval by administrative register owner, and linkage conducted by the register owner. Record linkage enabled cross-sectional survey data to be used as cohort study data with available follow-up and health endpoints. This can be used for extensive exposure-health effect association analysis. Our study showed that this is possible for many, but not all European countries.

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  • 39. Muller, David C.
    et al.
    Fanidi, Anouar
    Midttun, Oivind
    Steffen, Annika
    Dossus, Laure
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Severi, Gianluca
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Katzke, Verena
    Alonso de la Torreon, Ramon
    Gonzalez, Carlos A.
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Santiuste, Carmen
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Giotaki, Maria
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Palli, Domenico
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Ljungberg, Börje
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Murphy, Neil
    Riboli, Elio
    Ueland, Per Magne
    Boeing, Heiner
    Brennan, Paul
    Johansson, Mattias
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3 in Relation to Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Survival in the EPIC Cohort2014In: American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, E-ISSN 1476-6256, Vol. 180, no 8, p. 810-820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Normal renal function is essential for vitamin D metabolism, but it is unclear whether circulating vitamin D is associated with risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We assessed whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH)D-3) was associated with risk of RCC and death after RCC diagnosis in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC recruited 385,747 participants with blood samples between 1992 and 2000. The current study included 560 RCC cases, 557 individually matched controls, and 553 additional controls. Circulating 25(OH)D-3 was assessed by mass spectrometry. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Death after RCC diagnosis was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and flexible parametric survival models. A doubling of 25(OH)D-3 was associated with 28% lower odds of RCC after adjustment for season of and age at blood collection, sex, and country of recruitment (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.60, 0.86; P = 0.0004). This estimatewas attenuated somewhat after additional adjustment for smoking status at baseline, circulating cotinine, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), and alcohol intake (odds ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 0.99; P = 0.038). There was also some indication that both low and high 25(OH)D-3 levels were associated with higher risk of death from any cause among RCC cases.

  • 40.
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Department of Medicine, Skellefteå Hospital.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Eliasson, Mats
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Sunderby Hospital, Luleå.
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Department of Medicine, Skellefteå Hospital.
    Van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Consumption of filtered and boiled coffee and the risk of fist acute myocardial infarction: a nested case/referent study2010In: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, ISSN 0939-4753, E-ISSN 1590-3729, Vol. 20, no 7, p. 527-535Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aim

    In northern Sweden, consumption of both filtered and boiled coffee is common. Boiled coffee, especially popular in rural areas, is known to raise blood lipids, a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (MI). To our knowledge, only one epidemiological study, a case-control study from Sweden, has investigated boiled coffee in MI, noting an increased risk at high consumption levels in men, and no association in women. The aim of the present nested case-referent study was to relate consumption of filtered and boiled coffee to the risk of first MI.

    Methods and results

    The study subjects were 375 cases (303 men, 72 women) and 1293 matched referents from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Coffee consumption was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Risk estimates were calculated by conditional logistic regression. A statistically significant positive association was found between consumption of filtered coffee and MI risk in men [odds ratio for consumption ≥4 times/day versus ≤1 time/day 1.73 (95% CI 1.05–2.84)]. In women, a similar association was observed, but for boiled coffee [odds ratio 2.51 (95% CI 1.08–5.86)]. After adjustment for current smoking, postsecondary education, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle, the results for women were no longer statistically significant.

    Conclusion

    Consumption of filtered coffee was positively associated with the risk of a first MI in men. A similar tendency was observed for boiled coffee in women, but the result was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Further investigation in a larger study is warranted.

  • 41. Obón-Santacana, Mireia
    et al.
    Lujan-Barroso, Leila
    Freisling, Heinz
    Cadeau, Claire
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Fortner, Renée T
    Boeing, Heiner
    Ramón Quirós, J
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Chamosa, Saioa
    Castaño, José María Huerta
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Key, Tim
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Naska, Androniki
    Palli, Domenico
    Grioni, Sara
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    De Magistris, Maria Santucci
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Peeters, Petra H
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bergdahl, Ingvar A
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Vesper, Hubert
    Riboli, Elio
    Duell, Eric J
    Dietary and lifestyle determinants of acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adducts in non-smoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort2017In: European Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 1436-6207, E-ISSN 1436-6215, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 1157-1168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Acrylamide was classified as 'probably carcinogenic' to humans in 1994 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In 2002, public health concern increased when acrylamide was identified in starchy, plant-based foods, processed at high temperatures. The purpose of this study was to identify which food groups and lifestyle variables were determinants of hemoglobin adduct concentrations of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide (HbGA) in 801 non-smoking postmenopausal women from eight countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: Biomarkers of internal exposure were measured in red blood cells (collected at baseline) by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) . In this cross-sectional analysis, four dependent variables were evaluated: HbAA, HbGA, sum of total adducts (HbAA + HbGA), and their ratio (HbGA/HbAA). Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to identify determinants of the four outcome variables. All dependent variables (except HbGA/HbAA) and all independent variables were log-transformed (log2) to improve normality. Median (25th-75th percentile) HbAA and HbGA adduct levels were 41.3 (32.8-53.1) pmol/g Hb and 34.2 (25.4-46.9) pmol/g Hb, respectively.

    RESULTS: The main food group determinants of HbAA, HbGA, and HbAA + HbGA were biscuits, crackers, and dry cakes. Alcohol intake and body mass index were identified as the principal determinants of HbGA/HbAA. The total percent variation in HbAA, HbGA, HbAA + HbGA, and HbGA/HbAA explained in this study was 30, 26, 29, and 13 %, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Dietary and lifestyle factors explain a moderate proportion of acrylamide adduct variation in non-smoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort.

  • 42.
    Oudin, Anna
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Fish consumption and ischemic stroke in southern Sweden2011In: Nutrition Journal, ISSN 1475-2891, E-ISSN 1475-2891, Vol. 10, no 109, p. 5-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The relationship between fish intake and stroke incidence has been inconsistent in previous Swedish studies. Here, we report the risk of stroke and fish intake in a cohort from southern Sweden.

    Findings: Data were obtained from an already available population based case-control study where the cases were defined as incident first-time ischemic stroke patients. Complete data on all relevant variables were obtained for 2722 controls and 2469 cases. The data were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Stroke risk decreased with fat fish intake ([greater than or equal to] 1/week versus <1/month) in both men and women; adjusted pooled Odds Ratio (OR) 0.69, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.54-0.89. However, stroke risk for women increased with intake of lean fish; adjusted OR 1.63 (95% CI: 1.17-2.28), whereas there was no association with men's lean fish intake; adjusted OR 0.97(95% CI: 0.73-1.27). Fish intake was self-reported retrospectively, yielding uncertain exposure assessment and potential recall bias. The findings regarding lean fish could be explained by recall bias if an individual's inclination to report lean fish consumption depended on both disease status and sex. The fact that the association between fat fish intake and stroke was similar in men and women does not support such a differential in recall.

    Conclusions: The results suggest fat fish intake to decrease ischemic stroke risk and lean fish intake to increase women's stroke risk. The inconsistent relationship between fish intake and stroke risk reported in previous studies is further stressed by the results of this study.

  • 43.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    et al.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Crowe, Francesca L.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
    Appleby, Paul N.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Bradbury, Kathryn E.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Wood, Angela M.
    British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom.
    Uhre Jakobsen, Marianne
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
    Johnson, Laura
    Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy.
    Steur, Marinka
    MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Würtz, Anne Mette L.
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Kühn, Tilman
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Katzke, Verena
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.
    Karakatsani, Anna
    Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece.
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Masala, Giovanna
    Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy.
    Panico, Salvatore
    Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia Federico Ii University, Naples, Italy.
    Sluijs, Ivonne
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Skeie, Guri
    Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Nutrition Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
    Imaz, Liher
    Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Health Department of Basque Country, Spain.
    Petrova, Dafina
    alusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciœn Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain.
    Yohar, Sandra Milena Colorado
    CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Colombia.
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Nutrition and Cancer Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Universidad Ramon LLul, Barcelona, Spain.
    Melander, Olle
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Riboli, Elio
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
    di Angelantonio, Emanuele
    British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Danesh, John
    British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Forouhi, Nita G.
    MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Butterworth, Adam S.
    British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Plant foods, dietary fibre and risk of ischaemic heart disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort2021In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 50, no 1, p. 212-222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Epidemiological evidence indicates that diets rich in plant foods are associated with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), but there is sparse information on fruit and vegetable subtypes and sources of dietary fibre. This study examined the associations of major plant foods, their subtypes and dietary fibre with risk of IHD in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

    Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 490 311 men and women without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke at recruitment (12.6 years of follow-up, n cases = 8504), in 10 European countries. Dietary intake was assessed using validated questionnaires, calibrated with 24-h recalls. Multivariable Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of IHD.

    Results: There was a lower risk of IHD with a higher intake of fruit and vegetables combined [HR per 200 g/day higher intake 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.99, P-trend = 0.009], and with total fruits (per 100 g/day 0.97, 0.95–1.00, P-trend = 0.021). There was no evidence for a reduced risk for fruit subtypes, except for bananas. Risk was lower with higher intakes of nuts and seeds (per 10 g/day 0.90, 0.82–0.98, P-trend = 0.020), total fibre (per 10 g/day 0.91, 0.85–0.98, P-trend = 0.015), fruit and vegetable fibre (per 4 g/day 0.95, 0.91–0.99, P-trend = 0.022) and fruit fibre (per 2 g/day 0.97, 0.95–1.00, P-trend = 0.045). No associations were observed between vegetables, vegetables subtypes, legumes, cereals and IHD risk.

    Conclusions: In this large prospective study, we found some small inverse associations between plant foods and IHD risk, with fruit and vegetables combined being the most strongly inversely associated with risk. Whether these small associations are causal remains unclear.

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  • 44. Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    et al.
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Appleby, Paul N.
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Katzke, Verena
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Peppa, Eleni
    Kritikou, Maria
    Sieri, Sabina
    Palli, Domenico
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (as)
    Agudo, Antonio
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Molina-Portillo, Elena
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Stattin, Pär
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Drake, Isabel
    Malm, Johan
    Schmidt, Julie A.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Gunter, Marc
    Freisling, Heinz
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Riboli, Elio
    Key, Timothy J.
    Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)2017In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 141, no 2, p. 287-297Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several dietary factors have been studied in relation to prostate cancer; however, most studies have not reported on subtypes of fruit and vegetables or tumor characteristics, and results obtained so far are inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the prospective association of total and subtypes of fruit and vegetable intake with the incidence of prostate cancer overall, by grade and stage of disease, and prostate cancer death. Lifestyle information for 142,239 men participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition from 8 European countries was collected at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average follow-up time of 13.9 years, 7,036 prostate cancer cases were identified. Compared with the lowest fifth, those in the highest fifth of total fruit intake had a significantly reduced prostate cancer risk (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.83-0.99; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between fruit subtypes and prostate cancer risk were observed, except for citrus fruits, where a significant trend was found (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.86-1.02; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between total and subtypes of vegetables and prostate cancer risk were observed. We found no evidence of heterogeneity in these associations by tumor grade and stage, with the exception of significant heterogeneity by tumor grade (p(heterogeneity)<0.001) for leafy vegetables. No significant associations with prostate cancer death were observed. The main finding of this prospective study was that a higher fruit intake was associated with a small reduction in prostate cancer risk. Whether this association is causal remains unclear. What's new? The role of diet in prostate-cancer etiology is uncertain, and associations may vary by tumor characteristics. In this prospective, longitudinal study, the authors examined the association of total and subtypes of fruit and vegetable intake with the overall incidence of prostate cancer. They then analyzed incidence by grade, stage of disease, and prostate-cancer death. They found that higher fruit intake was associated with a small reduction in prostate cancer risk, and that this association did not differ by tumor characteristics.

  • 45. Romaguera, Dora
    et al.
    Ward, Heather
    Wark, Petra A
    Vergnaud, Anne-Claire
    Peeters, Petra H
    van Gils, Carla H
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Jenab, Mazda
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Dossus, Laure
    Dartois, Laureen
    Hansen, Camilla Plambeck
    Dahm, Christina Catherine
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Sánchez, María José
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Navarro, Carmen
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Key, Timothy J
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Tsironis, Christos
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Masala, Giovanna
    Pala, Valeria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    Panico, Salvatore
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Siersema, Peter D
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Jirström, Karin
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Kühn, Tilman
    Katzke, Verena
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick J
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Boeing, Heiner
    Quirós, José R
    Gunter, Marc J
    Riboli, Elio
    Norat, Teresa
    Pre-diagnostic concordance with the WCRF/AICR guidelines and survival in European colorectal cancer patients: a cohort study2015In: BMC Medicine, E-ISSN 1741-7015, Vol. 13, article id 107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors are advised to follow lifestyle recommendations on diet, physical activity, and body fatness proposed by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) for cancer prevention. Previous studies have demonstrated that higher concordance with these recommendations measured using an index score (the WCRF/AICR score) was associated with lower cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pre-diagnostic concordance with WCRF/AICR recommendations and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

    METHODS: The association between the WCRF/AICR score (score range 0-6 in men and 0-7 in women; higher scores indicate greater concordance) assessed on average 6.4 years before diagnosis and CRC-specific (n = 872) and overall mortality (n = 1,113) was prospectively examined among 3,292 participants diagnosed with CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (mean follow-up time after diagnosis 4.2 years). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality.

    RESULTS: The HRs (95% CIs) for CRC-specific mortality among participants in the second (score range in men/women: 2.25-2.75/3.25-3.75), third (3-3.75/4-4.75), and fourth (4-6/5-7) categories of the score were 0.87 (0.72-1.06), 0.74 (0.61-0.90), and 0.70 (0.56-0.89), respectively (P for trend <0.0001), compared to participants with the lowest concordance with the recommendations (category 1 of the score: 0-2/0-3). Similar HRs for overall mortality were observed (P for trend 0.004). Meeting the recommendations on body fatness and plant food consumption were associated with improved survival among CRC cases in mutually adjusted models.

    CONCLUSIONS: Greater concordance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations on diet, physical activity, and body fatness prior to CRC diagnosis is associated with improved survival among CRC patients.

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  • 46.
    Schmidt, Julie A.
    et al.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.
    Huybrechts, Inge
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
    Overvad, Kim
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Eriksen, Anne Kirstine
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Katzke, Verena
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
    Pala, Valeria
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS, Ragusa, Italy.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Former senior scientist, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Huerta, José M.
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
    Amiano, Pilar
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain.
    Agudo, Antonio
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute—IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
    Bjartell, Anders
    Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Stocks, Tanja
    Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Thysell, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
    Travis, Ruth C.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Protein and amino acid intakes in relation to prostate cancer risk and mortality: A prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition2023In: Cancer Medicine, E-ISSN 2045-7634, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 4725-4738Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The association between protein intake and prostate cancer risk remains unclear.

    Aims: To prospectively investigate the associations of dietary intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources, and amino acids with prostate cancer risk and mortality.

    Methods: In 131,425 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, protein and amino acid intakes were estimated using validated dietary questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    Results: During a mean follow-up of 14.2 years, 6939 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 914 died of the disease. Dairy protein was positively associated with overall prostate cancer risk in the three highest fifths compared to the lowest (HRQ3=1.14 (95% CI 1.05–1.23); HRQ4=1.09 (1.01–1.18); HRQ5=1.10 (1.02–1.19)); similar results were observed for yogurt protein (HRQ3=1.14 (1.05–1.24); HRQ4=1.09 (1.01–1.18); HRQ5=1.12 (1.04–1.21)). For egg protein intake and prostate cancer mortality, no association was observed by fifths, but there was suggestive evidence of a positive association in the analysis per standard deviation increment. There was no strong evidence of associations with different tumour subtypes.

    Discussion: Considering the weak associations and many tests, the results must be interpreted with caution.

    Conclusion: This study does not provide strong evidence for an association of intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources or amino acids with prostate cancer risk or mortality. However, our results may suggest some weak positive associations, which need to be confirmed in large-scale, pooled analyses of prospective data.

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  • 47. Skeie, Guri
    et al.
    Braaten, Tonje
    Olsen, Anja
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Landberg, Rikard
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Overvad, Kim
    Åsli, Lene Angell
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Lund, Eiliv
    Intake of whole grains and incidence of oesophageal cancer in the HELGA Cohort2016In: European Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0393-2990, E-ISSN 1573-7284, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 405-414Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Few prospective studies have investigated the association between whole-grain consumption and incidence of oesophageal cancer. In the Scandinavian countries, consumption of whole grains is high and the incidence of oesophageal cancer comparably low. The aim of this paper was to study the associations between consumption of whole grains, whole-grain products and oesophageal cancer, including its two major histological subtypes. The HELGA cohort is a prospective cohort study consisting of three sub-cohorts in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Information regarding whole-grain consumption was collected through country-specific food frequency questionnaires. Cancer cases were identified through national cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated in order to assess the associations between whole grains and oesophageal cancer risk. The analytical cohort had 113,993 members, including 112 cases, and median follow-up time was 11 years. When comparing the highest tertile of intake with the lowest, the oesophageal cancer risk was approximately 45 % lower (adjusted HR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.31-0.97 for whole grains, HR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.30-0.88 for whole-grain products). Inverse associations were also found in continuous analyses. Whole-grain wheat was the only grain associated with lower risk (HR 0.32, 95 % CI 0.16-0.63 highest vs. lowest tertile). Among whole-grain products, the results were less clear, but protective associations were seen for the sum of whole-grain products, and whole-grain bread. Lower risk was seen in both histological subtypes, but particularly for squamous cell carcinomas. In this study, whole-grain consumption, particularly whole-grain wheat, was inversely associated with risk of oesophageal cancer.

  • 48. Stepien, Magdalena
    et al.
    Duarte-Salles, Talita
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Bamia, Christina
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Hansen, Louise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Severi, Gianluca
    Kühn, Tilman
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Boeing, Heiner
    Klinaki, Eleni
    Palli, Domenico
    Grioni, Sara
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Skeie, Guri
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Parr, Christine L.
    Quirós, José Ramón
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Amiano, Pilar
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Bradbury, Kathryn E.
    Ward, Heather A.
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Jenab, Mazda
    Consumption of soft drinks and juices and risk of liver and biliary tract cancers in a European cohort2016In: European Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 1436-6207, E-ISSN 1436-6215, Vol. 55, no 1, p. 7-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess associations between intake of combined soft drinks (sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened) and fruit and vegetable juices and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC) and biliary tract cancers (GBTC) using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of 477,206 participants from 10 European countries.

    METHODS: After 11.4 years of follow-up, 191 HCC, 66 IHBC and 236 GBTC cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (HR; 95 % CI) were estimated with Cox regression models with multivariable adjustment (baseline total energy intake, alcohol consumption and intake pattern, body mass index, physical activity, level of educational attainment and self-reported diabetes status).

    RESULTS: No risk associations were observed for IHBC or GBTC. Combined soft drinks consumption of >6 servings/week was positively associated with HCC risk: HR 1.83; 95 % CI 1.11-3.02, p trend = 0.01 versus non-consumers. In sub-group analyses available for 91 % of the cohort artificially sweetened soft drinks increased HCC risk by 6 % per 1 serving increment (HR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.03-1.09, n cases = 101); for sugar-sweetened soft drinks, this association was null (HR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.95-1.06; n cases = 127, p heterogeneity = 0.07). Juice consumption was not associated with HCC risk, except at very low intakes (<1 serving/week: HR 0.60; 95 % CI 0.38-0.95; p trend = 0.02 vs. non-consumers).

    CONCLUSIONS: Daily intake of combined soft drinks is positively associated with HCC, but a differential association between sugar and artificially sweetened cannot be discounted. This study provides some insight into possible associations of HCC with sugary drinks intake. Further exploration in other settings is required.

  • 49. Steur, Marinka
    et al.
    Johnson, Laura
    Sharp, Stephen J
    Imamura, Fumiaki
    Sluijs, Ivonne
    Key, Timothy J
    Wood, Angela
    Chowdhury, Rajiv
    Guevara, Marcela
    Jakobsen, Marianne U
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Koulman, Albert
    Overvad, Kim
    Sánchez, Maria-José
    van der Schouw, Yvonne T
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Zheng, Ju-Sheng
    Boeing, Heiner
    Boer, Jolanda M A
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Heath, Alicia K
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Imaz, Liher
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Kühn, Tilman
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Masala, Giovanna
    Melander, Olle
    Moreno-Iribas, Conchi
    Panico, Salvatore
    Quirós, José R
    Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Santiuste, Carmen
    Skeie, Guri
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Tumino, Rosario
    Verschuren, W M Monique
    Zamora-Ros, Raul
    Dahm, Christina C
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Schulze, Matthias B
    Tong, Tammy Y N
    Riboli, Elio
    Wareham, Nicholas J
    Danesh, John
    Butterworth, Adam S
    Forouhi, Nita G
    Dietary Fatty Acids, Macronutrient Substitutions, Food Sources and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the EPIC-CVD Case-Cohort Study Across Nine European Countries2021In: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, ISSN 2047-9980, E-ISSN 2047-9980, Vol. 10, no 23, article id e019814Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is controversy about associations between total dietary fatty acids, their classes (saturated fatty acids [SFAs], monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Specifically, the relevance of food sources of SFAs to CHD associations is uncertain.

    Methods and Results: We conducted a case-cohort study involving 10 529 incident CHD cases and a random subcohort of 16 730 adults selected from a cohort of 385 747 participants in 9 countries of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. We estimated multivariable adjusted country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs per 5% of energy intake from dietary fatty acids, with and without isocaloric macronutrient substitutions, using Prentice-weighted Cox regression models and pooled results using random-effects meta-analysis. We found no evidence for associations of the consumption of total or fatty acid classes with CHD, regardless of macronutrient substitutions. In analyses considering food sources, CHD incidence was lower per 1% higher energy intake of SFAs from yogurt (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]), cheese (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00]), and fish (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75-1.00]), but higher for SFAs from red meat (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02-1.12]) and butter (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]).

    Conclusions: This observational study found no strong associations of total fatty acids, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with incident CHD. By contrast, we found associations of SFAs with CHD in opposite directions dependent on the food source. These findings should be further confirmed, but support public health recommendations to consider food sources alongside the macronutrients they contain, and suggest the importance of the overall food matrix.

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  • 50. Tognon, Gianluca
    et al.
    Nilsson, Lena M.
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University.
    Shungin, Dmitry
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Lissner, Lauren
    Jansson, Jan-Håkan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Renstrom, Frida
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality 1,22017In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 105, no 6, p. 1502-1511Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A positive association between nonfermented milk intake and increased all-cause mortality was recently reported, but overall, the association between dairy intake and mortality is inconclusive. Objective: We studied associations between intake of dairy products and all-cause mortality with an emphasis on nonfermented milk and fat content. Design: A total of 103,256 adult participants (women: 51.0%) from Northern Sweden were included (7121 deaths; mean follow-up: 13.7 y). Associations between all-cause mortality and reported intakes of nonfermented milk (total or by fat content), fermented milk, cheese, and butter were tested with the use of Cox proportional hazards models that were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, education, energy intake, examination year, and physical activity. To circumvent confounding, Mendelian randomization was applied in a subsample via the lactase LCT-13910 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism that is associated with lactose tolerance and milk intake. Results: High consumers of nonfermented milk (>= 2.5 times/d) had a 32% increased hazard (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.48) for all-cause mortality compared with that of subjects who consumed milk <= 1 time/wk. The corresponding value for butter was 11% (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.21). All nonfermented milk-fat types were independently associated with increased HRs, but compared with full-fat milk, HRs were lower in consumers of medium-and low-fat milk. Fermented milk intake (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) and cheese intake (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96) were negatively associated with mortality. Results were slightly attenuated by lifestyle adjustments but were robust in sensitivity analyses. Mortality was not significantly associated with the LCT-13910 C/T genotype in the smaller subsample. The amount and type of milk intake was associated with lifestyle variables. Conclusions: In the present Swedish cohort study, intakes of nonfermented milk and butter are associated with higher all-cause mortality, and fermented milk and cheese intakes are associated with lower all-cause mortality. Residual confounding by lifestyle cannot be excluded, and Mendelian randomization needs to be examined in a larger sample.

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