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  • 1. Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Mayén, Ana-Lucia
    Knaze, Viktoria
    Freisling, Heinz
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Hughes, David J.
    Jiao, Li
    Eriksen, Anne Kirstine
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Rothwell, Joseph A.
    Severi, Gianluca
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Katzke, Verena
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Birukov, Anna
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Santucci de Magistris, Maria
    Tumino, Rosario
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Derksen, Jeroen W. G.
    Skeie, Guri
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Sandanger, Torkjel
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Luján-Barroso, Leila
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Amiano, Pilar
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    Schalkwijk, Casper G.
    Jenab, Mazda
    Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 9, article id 3132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with the intake of dAGEs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Dietary intakes of three major dAGEs: Nε-carboxy-methyllysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were estimated in 450,111 participants (median follow-up = 13 years, with 6162 CRC cases) by matching to a detailed published European food composition database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of dAGEs with CRC were computed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Inverse CRC risk associations were observed for CML (HR comparing extreme quintiles: HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00) and MG-H1 (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00), but not for CEL (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.89-1.05). The associations did not differ by sex or anatomical location of the tumor. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, our findings suggest an inverse association between dAGEs and CRC risk. More research is required to verify these findings and better differentiate the role of dAGEs from that of endogenously produced AGEs and their precursor compounds in CRC development.

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  • 2. Aglago, Elom K.
    et al.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Freisling, Heinz
    Jiao, Li
    Hughes, David J.
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Schalkwijk, Casper G.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Eriksen, Anne Kirstine
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Rothwell, Joseph A.
    Severi, Gianluca
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    Masala, Giovanna
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    van Gils, Carla H.
    Sandanger, Torkjel M.
    Gram, Inger T.
    Skeie, Guri
    Quirós, J. Ramón
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Sánchez, Maria-Jose
    Amiano, Pilar
    Huerta, José María
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Mayén, Ana-Lucia
    Cordova, Reynalda
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Riboli, Elio
    Jenab, Mazda
    Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE) and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study Nested within a European Prospective Cohort2021In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 30, no 1, p. 182-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Overexpression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) has been associated with chronic inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) competes with RAGE to bind its ligands, thus potentially preventing RAGE-induced inflammation.

    METHODS: To investigate whether sRAGE and related genetic variants are associated with colorectal cancer risk, we conducted a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Plasma sRAGE concentrations were measured by ELISA in 1,361 colorectal cancer matched case-control sets. Twenty-four SNPs encoded in the genes associated with sRAGE concentrations were available for 1,985 colorectal cancer cases and 2,220 controls. Multivariable adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using conditional and unconditional logistic regression for colorectal cancer risk and circulating sRAGE and SNPs, respectively.

    RESULTS: Higher sRAGE concentrations were inversely associated with colorectal cancer (ORQ5vs.Q1, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-1.00). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the observed inverse risk association was restricted to men (ORQ5vs.Q1, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.94), whereas no association was observed in women (ORQ5vs.Q1, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.68-1.48; Pheterogeneity for sex = 0.006). Participants carrying minor allele of rs653765 (promoter region of ADAM10) had lower colorectal cancer risk (C vs. T, OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99).

    CONCLUSIONS: Prediagnostic sRAGE concentrations were inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in men, but not in women. An SNP located within ADAM10 gene, pertaining to RAGE shedding, was associated with colorectal cancer risk.

    IMPACT: Further studies are needed to confirm our observed sex difference in the association and better explore the potential involvement of genetic variants of sRAGE in colorectal cancer development.

  • 3. Agogo, George O.
    et al.
    van der Voet, Hilko
    van 't Veer, Pieter
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Muller, David C.
    Sanchez-Cantalejo, Emilio
    Bamia, Christina
    Braaten, Tonje
    Knuppel, Sven
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    van Eeuwijk, Fred A.
    Boshuizen, Hendriek C.
    A method for sensitivity analysis to assess the effects of measurement error in multiple exposure variables using external validation data2016In: BMC Medical Research Methodology, E-ISSN 1471-2288, Vol. 16, article id 139Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Measurement error in self-reported dietary intakes is known to bias the association between dietary intake and a health outcome of interest such as risk of a disease. The association can be distorted further by mismeasured confounders, leading to invalid results and conclusions. It is, however, difficult to adjust for the bias in the association when there is no internal validation data. Methods: We proposed a method to adjust for the bias in the diet-disease association (hereafter, association), due to measurement error in dietary intake and a mismeasured confounder, when there is no internal validation data. The method combines prior information on the validity of the self-report instrument with the observed data to adjust for the bias in the association. We compared the proposed method with the method that ignores the confounder effect, and with the method that ignores measurement errors completely. We assessed the sensitivity of the estimates to various magnitudes of measurement error, error correlations and uncertainty in the literature-reported validation data. We applied the methods to fruits and vegetables (FV) intakes, cigarette smoking (confounder) and all-cause mortality data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Results: Using the proposed method resulted in about four times increase in the strength of association between FV intake and mortality. For weakly correlated errors, measurement error in the confounder minimally affected the hazard ratio estimate for FV intake. The effect was more pronounced for strong error correlations. Conclusions: The proposed method permits sensitivity analysis on measurement error structures and accounts for uncertainties in the reported validity coefficients. The method is useful in assessing the direction and quantifying the magnitude of bias in the association due to measurement errors in the confounders.

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  • 4. Agogo, George O.
    et al.
    van der Voet, Hilko
    van't Veer, Pieter
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Leenders, Max
    Muller, David C.
    Sanchez-Cantalejo, Emilio
    Bamia, Christina
    Braaten, Tonje
    Knueppel, Sven
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    van Eeuwijk, Fred A.
    Boshuizen, Hendriek
    Use of Two-Part Regression Calibration Model to Correct for Measurement Error in Episodically Consumed Foods in a Single-Replicate Study Design: EPIC Case Study2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 11, p. e113160-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In epidemiologic studies, measurement error in dietary variables often attenuates association between dietary intake and disease occurrence. To adjust for the attenuation caused by error in dietary intake, regression calibration is commonly used. To apply regression calibration, unbiased reference measurements are required. Short-term reference measurements for foods that are not consumed daily contain excess zeroes that pose challenges in the calibration model. We adapted twopart regression calibration model, initially developed for multiple replicates of reference measurements per individual to a single-replicate setting. We showed how to handle excess zero reference measurements by two-step modeling approach, how to explore heteroscedasticity in the consumed amount with variance-mean graph, how to explore nonlinearity with the generalized additive modeling (GAM) and the empirical logit approaches, and how to select covariates in the calibration model. The performance of two-part calibration model was compared with the one-part counterpart. We used vegetable intake and mortality data from European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. In the EPIC, reference measurements were taken with 24-hour recalls. For each of the three vegetable subgroups assessed separately, correcting for error with an appropriately specified two-part calibration model resulted in about three fold increase in the strength of association with all-cause mortality, as measured by the log hazard ratio. Further found is that the standard way of including covariates in the calibration model can lead to over fitting the two-part calibration model. Moreover, the extent of adjusting for error is influenced by the number and forms of covariates in the calibration model. For episodically consumed foods, we advise researchers to pay special attention to response distribution, nonlinearity, and covariate inclusion in specifying the calibration model.

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  • 5. Agudo, Antonio
    et al.
    Bonet, Catalina
    Travier, Noemie
    Gonzalez, Carlos A.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Lukanova, Annekatrin
    Schuetze, Madlen
    Boeing, Heiner
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Overvad, Kim
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Ramon Quiros, J.
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Larranaga, Nerea
    Navarro, Carmen
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Palli, Domenico
    Sieri, Sabina
    Tumino, Rosario
    Panico, Salvatore
    Boshuizen, Hendriek
    Buchner, Frederike L.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Borgquist, Signe
    Almquist, Martin
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry.
    Gram, Inger T.
    Lund, Eiliv
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Riboli, Elio
    Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study2012In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, ISSN 0732-183X, E-ISSN 1527-7755, Vol. 30, no 36, p. 4550-4557Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose Our aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking on the risk of the tumors classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as causally associated with smoking, referred to as tobacco-related cancers (TRC). Methods The study population included 441,211 participants (133,018 men and 308,193 women) from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. We investigated 14,563 participants who developed a TRC during an average follow-up of 11 years. The impact of smoking cigarettes on cancer risk was assessed by the population attributable fraction (AF(p)), calculated using the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI for current and former smokers, plus either the prevalence of smoking among cancer cases or estimates from surveys in representative samples of the population in each country. Results The proportion of all TRC attributable to cigarette smoking was 34.9% (95% CI, 32.5 to 37.4) using the smoking prevalence among cases and 36.2% (95% CI, 33.7 to 38.6) using the smoking prevalence from the population. The AF(p) were above 80% for cancers of the lung and larynx, between 20% and 50% for most respiratory and digestive cancers and tumors from the lower urinary tract, and below 20% for the remaining TRC. Conclusion Using data on cancer incidence for 2008 and our AF(p) estimates, about 270,000 new cancer diagnoses per year can be considered attributable to cigarette smoking in the eight European countries with available data for both men and women (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Sweden, Denmark). 

  • 6. Al-Delaimy, W K
    et al.
    Slimani, N
    Ferrari, P
    Key, T
    Spencer, E
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Cariology.
    Johansson, G
    Mattisson, I
    Wirfalt, E
    Sieri, S
    Agudo, A
    Celentano, E
    Palli, D
    Sacerdote, C
    Tumino, R
    Dorronsoro, M
    Ocké, M C
    Bueno-De-Mesquita, H B
    Overvad, K
    Chirlaque, Ma D
    Trichopoulou, A
    Naska, A
    Tjonneland, A
    Olsen, A
    Lund, E
    Skeie, G
    Ardanaz, E
    Kesse, E
    Boutron-Ruault, M-C
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Bingham, S
    Welch, A A
    Martinez-Garcia, C
    Nagel, G
    Linseisen, J
    Quirós, J R
    Peeters, P H M
    van Gils, C H
    Boeing, H
    van Kappel, A L
    Steghens, J-P
    Riboli, E
    Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of intake of fruits and vegetables: ecological-level correlations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).2005In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 59, no 12, p. 1397-408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a single 24-h dietary recall (24HDR) and food questionnaires (FQ) to predict plasma carotenoid levels at the ecological level by assessing the relationship between mean plasma carotenoid levels and mean intake of fruit and vegetables measured by 24HDR and FQ across 16 European regions. DESIGN: A random subsample of 3089 subjects was included, stratified by age and gender. They provided blood samples and dietary information between 1992 and 2000 as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. RESULTS: Using Spearman's correlation coefficients, the correlations between mean regional 24HDR fruit and vegetable variables and corresponding mean plasma carotenoid levels were generally higher than the correlations using FQ means. The highest correlation was between the 24HDR citrus fruit variable and beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.90). For 24HDR, total fruits and vegetables were highly correlated with lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.83-0.87), while vegetables were more closely related with lutein (r = 0.69) and zeaxanthin (r = 0.68), and fruits correlated with zeaxanthin (r = 0.87) and beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.84). Root vegetables (r = 0.81) and total carrots (r = 0.71) were well correlated with alpha-carotene. In the multivariate models adjusting for age, body mass index, and season, and using observations of means stratified by sex and region, the association was generally higher for 24HDR compared to FQ. CONCLUSION: Mean regional intakes of fruits and vegetables in several European countries were closely correlated with corresponding mean plasma levels of individual carotenoids. Fruits and vegetables measured by 24HDR were generally better able to predict plasma carotenoids at the ecological level.

  • 7. Al-Delaimy, WK
    et al.
    Ferrari, P
    Slimani, N
    Pala, V
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Cariology.
    Nilsson, S
    Mattisson, I
    Wirfalt, E
    Galasso, R
    Palli, D
    Vineis, P
    Tumino, R
    Dorronsoro, M
    Pera, G
    Ocké, MC
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
    Overvad, K
    Chirlaque, M
    Trichopoulou, A
    Naska, A
    Tjonneland, A
    Olsen, A
    Lund, E
    Alsaker, EH
    Barricarte, A
    Kesse, E
    Boutron-Ruault, MC
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Key, TJ
    Spencer, E
    Bingham, S
    Welch, AA
    Sanchez-Perez, MJ
    Nagel, G
    Linseisen, J
    Quirós, JR
    Peeters, PH
    van Gils, CH
    Boeing, H
    van Kappel, AL
    Steghens, JP
    Riboli, E
    Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of intake of fruits and vegetables: individual-level correlations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).2005In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 59, no 12, p. 1387-1396Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim in this study was to assess the association between individual plasma carotenoid levels (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin) and fruit and vegetable intakes recorded by a calibrated food questionnaire (FQ) and 24-h dietary recall records (24HDR) in nine different European countries with diverse populations and widely varying intakes of plant foods. DESIGN: A stratified random subsample of 3089 men and women from nine countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had provided blood samples and dietary and other lifestyle information between 1992 and 2000, were included. RESULTS: beta-Cryptoxanthin was most strongly correlated with total fruits (FQ r = 0.52, 24HDR r = 0.39), lycopene with tomato and tomato products (FQ r = 0.38, 24HDR r = 0.25), and alpha-carotene with intake of root vegetables (r = 0.39) and of total carrots (r = 0.38) for FQ only. Based on diet measured by FQ and adjusting for possible confounding by body mass index (BMI), age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, and energy intake, the strongest predictors of individual plasma carotenoid levels were fruits (R(partial)(2) = 17.2%) for beta-cryptoxanthin, total carrots ((partial)(2) = 13.4%) and root vegetables (R(partial)(2) = 13.3%) for alpha-carotene, and tomato products (R(partial)(2) = 13.8%) for lycopene. For 24HDR, the highest R(partial)(2) was for fruits in relation to beta-cryptoxanthin (7.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of specific fruits and vegetables as measured by food questionnaires are good predictors of certain individual plasma carotenoid levels in our multicentre European study. At individual subject levels, FQ measurements of fruits, root vegetables and carrots, and tomato products are, respectively, good predictors of beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, and lycopene in plasma.

  • 8. Al-Delaimy, WK
    et al.
    Van Kappel, AL
    Ferrari, P
    Slimani, N
    Steghens, JP
    Bingham, S
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Cariology.
    Wallström, P
    Overvad, K
    Tjonneland, A
    Key, TJ
    Welch, AA
    Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita, H
    Peeters, PH
    Boeing, H
    Linseisen, J
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Guibout, C
    Navarro, C
    Quiros, JR
    Palli, D
    Celentano, E
    Trichopoulou, A
    Benetou, V
    Kaaks, R
    Riboli, E
    Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).2004In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 7, no 6, p. 713-722Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: In addition to their possible direct biological effects, plasma carotenoids can be used as biochemical markers of fruit and vegetable consumption for identifying diet-disease associations in epidemiological studies. Few studies have compared levels of these carotenoids between countries in Europe. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the variability of plasma carotenoid levels within the cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS: Plasma levels of six carotenoids--alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin--were measured cross-sectionally in 3043 study subjects from 16 regions in nine European countries. We investigated the relative influence of gender, season, age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake and smoking status on plasma levels of the carotenoids. RESULTS: Mean plasma level of the sum of the six carotenoids varied twofold between regions (1.35 micromol l(-1) for men in Malmö, Sweden vs. 2.79 micromol l(-1) for men in Ragusa/Naples, Italy; 1.61 micromol l(-1) for women in The Netherlands vs. 3.52 micromol l(-1) in Ragusa/Naples, Italy). Mean levels of individual carotenoids varied up to fourfold (alpha-carotene: 0.06 micromol l(-1) for men in Murcia, Spain vs. 0.25 micromol l(-1) for vegetarian men living in the UK). In multivariate regression analyses, region was the most important predictor of total plasma carotenoid level (partial R(2)=27.3%), followed by BMI (partial R(2)=5.2%), gender (partial R(2)=2.7%) and smoking status (partial R(2)=2.8%). Females had higher total carotenoid levels than males across Europe. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of carotenoids vary substantially between 16 different regions in Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Germany, the UK, Sweden, Denmark and The Netherlands. Compared with region of residence, the other demographic and lifestyle factors and laboratory measurements have limited predictive value for plasma carotenoid levels in Europe.

  • 9. Aleksandrova, Krasimira
    et al.
    Pischon, Tobias
    Jenab, Mazda
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Fedirko, Veronika
    Norat, Teresa
    Romaguera, Dora
    Knüppel, Sven
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Dossus, Laure
    Dartois, Laureen
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Li, Kuanrong
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Quirós, José Ramón
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Sánchez, María José
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas J
    Bradbury, Kathryn E
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Palli, Domenico
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Tumino, Rosario
    Naccarati, Alessio
    Panico, Salvatore
    Siersema, Peter D
    Peeters, Petra HM
    Ljuslinder, Ingrid
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Ohlsson, Bodil
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Skeie, Guri
    Borch, Kristin
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Kong, Joyce
    Gunter, Marc J
    Ward, Heather A
    Riboli, Elio
    Boeing, Heiner
    Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer: a large European cohort study2014In: BMC Medicine, E-ISSN 1741-7015, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 168-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Excess body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and certain dietary factors are individually related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, little is known about their joint effects. The aim of this study was to develop a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) composed of five potentially modifiable lifestyle factors - healthy weight, physical activity, non-smoking, limited alcohol consumption and a healthy diet, and to explore the association of this index with CRC incidence using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: In the EPIC cohort, a total of 347,237 men and women, 25- to 70-years old, provided dietary and lifestyle information at study baseline (1992 to 2000). Over a median follow-up time of 12 years, 3,759 incident CRC cases were identified. The association between a HLI and CRC risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and population attributable risks (PARs) have been calculated. RESULTS: After accounting for study centre, age, sex and education, compared with 0 or 1 healthy lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for CRC was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44 to 0.77) for two factors, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.89) for three factors, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.75) for four factors and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.74) for five factors; P-trend <0.0001. The associations were present for both colon and rectal cancers, HRs, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50 to 0.74; P for trend <0.0001) for colon cancer and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.88; P-trend <0.0001) for rectal cancer, respectively (P-difference by cancer sub-site = 0.10). Overall, 16% of the new CRC cases (22% in men and 11% in women) were attributable to not adhering to a combination of all five healthy lifestyle behaviours included in the index. CONCLUSIONS: Combined lifestyle factors are associated with a lower incidence of CRC in European populations characterized by western lifestyles. Prevention strategies considering complex targeting of multiple lifestyle factors may provide practical means for improved CRC prevention.

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  • 10. Assi, Nada
    et al.
    Moskal, Aurelie
    Slimani, Nadia
    Viallon, Vivian
    Chajes, Veronique
    Freisling, Heinz
    Monni, Stefano
    Knueppel, Sven
    Foerster, Jana
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Lujan-Barroso, Leila
    Amiano, Pilar
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Salmeron, Diego
    Ramon Quiros, Jose
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Overvad, Kim
    Dossus, Laure
    Fournier, Agnes
    Baglietto, Laura
    Fortner, Renee Turzanski
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Bamia, Christina
    Orfanos, Philippos
    De Magistris, Maria Santucci
    Masala, Giovanna
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Tumino, Rosario
    de Mesquita, H. Bas Bueno
    Bakker, Marije F.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Skeie, Guri
    Braaten, Tonje
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Key, Tim
    Travis, Ruth
    Schmidt, Julie A.
    Merritt, Melissa A.
    Riboli, Elio
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Ferrari, Pietro
    A treelet transform analysis to relate nutrient patterns to the risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)2016In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 242-254Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective Pattern analysis has emerged as a tool to depict the role of multiple nutrients/foods in relation to health outcomes. The present study aimed at extracting nutrient patterns with respect to breast cancer (BC) aetiology. Design Nutrient patterns were derived with treelet transform (TT) and related to BC risk. TT was applied to twenty-three log-transformed nutrient densities from dietary questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals computed using Cox proportional hazards models quantified the association between quintiles of nutrient pattern scores and risk of overall BC, and by hormonal receptor and menopausal status. Principal component analysis was applied for comparison. Setting The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Subjects Women (n 334 850) from the EPIC study. Results The first TT component (TC1) highlighted a pattern rich in nutrients found in animal foods loading on cholesterol, protein, retinol, vitamins B-12 and D, while the second TT component (TC2) reflected a diet rich in -carotene, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamins C and B-6, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, P and folate. While TC1 was not associated with BC risk, TC2 was inversely associated with BC risk overall (HRQ5 v. Q1=089, 95 % CI 083, 095, P-trend<001) and showed a significantly lower risk in oestrogen receptor-positive (HRQ5 v. Q1=089, 95 % CI 081, 098, P-trend=002) and progesterone receptor-positive tumours (HRQ5 v. Q1=087, 95 % CI 077, 098, P-trend<001). Conclusions TT produces readily interpretable sparse components explaining similar amounts of variation as principal component analysis. Our results suggest that participants with a nutrient pattern high in micronutrients found in vegetables, fruits and cereals had a lower risk of BC.

  • 11. Bamia, C
    et al.
    Orfanos, P
    Ferrari, P
    Overvad, K
    Hundborg, HH
    Tjonneland, A
    Olsen, A
    Kesse, E
    Boutron-Ruault, MC
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Nagel, G
    Boffetta, P
    Boeing, H
    Hoffmann, K
    Trichopoulos, D
    Baibas, N
    Psaltopoulou, T
    Norat, T
    Slimani, N
    Palli, D
    Krogh, V
    Panico, S
    Tumino, R
    Sacerdote, C
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
    Ocke, MC
    Peeters, PH
    van Rossum, CT
    Quiros, JR
    Sanchez, MJ
    Navarro, C
    Barricarte, A
    Dorronsoro, M
    Berglund, G
    Wirfalt, E
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Bingham, S
    Khaw, KT
    Spencer, EA
    Roddam, AW
    Riboli, E
    Trichopoulou, A
    Dietary patterns among older Europeans: the EPIC-Elderly study.2005In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 94, no 1, p. 100-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Overall dietary patterns have been associated with health and longevity. We used principal component (PC) and cluster analyses to identify the prevailing dietary patterns of 99 744 participants, aged 60 years or older, living in nine European countries and participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Elderly cohort) and to examine their socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates. Two PC were identified: PC1 reflects a 'vegetable-based' diet with an emphasis on foods of plant origin, rice, pasta and other grain rather than on margarine, potatoes and non-alcoholic beverages. PC2 indicates a 'sweet- and fat-dominated' diet with a preference for sweets, added fat and dairy products but not meat, alcohol, bread and eggs. PC1 was associated with a younger age, a higher level of education, physical activity, a higher BMI, a lower waist:hip ratio and never and past smoking. PC2 was associated with older age, less education, never having smoked, a lower BMI and waist:hip ratio and lower levels of physical activity. Elderly individuals in southern Europe scored positively on PC1 and about zero on PC2, whereas the elderly in northern Europe scored negatively on PC1 and variably on PC2. The results of cluster analysis were compatible with the indicated dietary patterns. 'Vegetable-based' and a 'sweet- and fat-dominated' diets are prevalent among the elderly across Europe, and there is a north-south gradient regarding their dietary choices. Our study contributes to the identification of groups of elderly who are likely to have different prospects for long-term disease occurrence and survival.

  • 12. Bamia, Christina
    et al.
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Overvad, Kim
    Bjerregaard, Lone
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Kesse, Emmanuelle
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Linseisen, Jacob
    Boeing, Heiner
    Hoffmann, Kurt
    Kasapa, Christina
    Orfanou, Anastasia
    Travezea, Chrysoula
    Slimani, Nadia
    Norat, Teresa
    Palli, Domenico
    Pala, Valeria
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Waijers, Patricia M C M
    Peeters, Petra H M
    van der Schouw, Yvonne T
    Berenguer, Antonio
    Martinez-Garcia, Carmen
    Navarro, Carmen
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Berglund, Göran
    Wirfält, Elisabet
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Johansson, Gerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Spencer, Elizabeth A
    Key, Tim
    Riboli, Elio
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Dietary patterns and survival of older Europeans: the EPIC-Elderly Study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)2007In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 10, no 6, p. 590-598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with overall survival of older Europeans.

    Design and setting: This is a multi-centre cohort study. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association of the prevailing, a posteriori-derived, plant-based dietary pattern with all-cause mortality in a population of subjects who were 60 years or older at recruitment to the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Elderly cohort). Analyses controlled for all known potential risk factors.

    Subjects: In total, 74 607 men and women, 60 years or older at enrolment and without previous coronary heart disease, stroke or cancer, with complete information about dietary intakes and potentially confounding variables, and with known survival status as of December 2003, were included in the analysis.

    Results: An increase in the score which measures the adherence to the plant-based diet was associated with a lower overall mortality, a one standard deviation increment corresponding to a statistically significant reduction of 14% (95% confidence interval 5–23%). In country-specific analyses the apparent association was stronger in Greece, Spain, Denmark and The Netherlands, and absent in the UK and Germany.

    Conclusions: Greater adherence to the plant-based diet that was defined a posteriori in this population of European elders is associated with lower all-cause mortality. This dietary score is moderately positively correlated with the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score that has been constructed a priori and was also shown to be beneficial for the survival of the same EPIC-Elderly cohort.

  • 13. Benetou, V
    et al.
    Orfanos, P
    Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Bergström, Ulrica
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Svensson, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Berrino, F
    Tumino, R
    Borch, K B
    Lund, E
    Peeters, P H M
    Grote, V
    Li, K
    Altzibar, J M
    Key, T
    Boeing, H
    von Ruesten, A
    Norat, T
    Wark, P A
    Riboli, E
    Trichopoulou, A
    Mediterranean diet and incidence of hip fractures in a European cohort2013In: Osteoporosis International, ISSN 0937-941X, E-ISSN 1433-2965, Vol. 24, no 5, p. 1587-1598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prevention of hip fractures is of critical public health importance. In a cohort of adults from eight European countries, evidence was found that increased adherence to Mediterranean diet, measured by a 10-unit dietary score, is associated with reduced hip fracture incidence, particularly among men. INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the role of dietary patterns on hip fracture incidence is scarce. We explored the association of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) with hip fracture incidence in a cohort from eight European countries. METHODS: A total of 188,795 eligible participants (48,814 men and 139,981 women) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study with mean age 48.6 years (±10.8) were followed for a median of 9 years, and 802 incident hip fractures were recorded. Diet was assessed at baseline through validated dietary instruments. Adherence to MD was evaluated by a MD score (MDs), on a 10-point scale, in which monounsaturated were substituted with unsaturated lipids. Association with hip fracture incidence was assessed through Cox regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: Increased adherence to MD was associated with a 7 % decrease in hip fracture incidence [hazard ratio (HR) per 1-unit increase in the MDs 0.93; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 0.89-0.98]. This association was more evident among men and somewhat stronger among older individuals. Using increments close to one standard deviation of daily intake, in the overall sample, high vegetable (HR = 0.86; 95 % CI = 0.79-0.94) and high fruit (HR = 0.89; 95 % CI = 0.82-0.97) intake was associated with decreased hip fracture incidence, whereas high meat intake (HR = 1.18; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.31) with increased incidence. Excessive ethanol consumption (HR high versus moderate = 1.74; 95 % CI = 1.32-2.31) was also a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective study of adults, increased adherence to MD appears to protect against hip fracture occurrence, particularly among men.

  • 14. Benetou, V
    et al.
    Orfanos, P
    Zylis, D
    Sieri, S
    Contiero, P
    Tumino, R
    Giurdanella, M C
    Peeters, P H M
    Linseisen, J
    Nieters, A
    Boeing, H
    Weikert, C
    Pettersson, U
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Dorronsoro, M
    Boffetta, P
    Trichopoulou, A
    Diet and hip fractures among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort2011In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 65, no 1, p. 132-139Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a prospective study of the elderly, diet, including consumption of dairy products, alcohol and vitamin D, did not appear to play a major role in hip fracture incidence. There is however, weak and statistically non-significant evidence that vegetable and fish consumption and intake of polyunsaturated lipids may have a beneficial, whereas saturated lipid intake a detrimental effect.

  • 15. Bergdahl, M
    et al.
    Bergdahl, J
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Cariology.
    Depressive symptoms in individuals with idiopathic subjective dry mouth1997In: Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, Vol. 26, no 10, p. 448-450Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It has been known for many centuries that there is a relationship between saliva flow rate and emotional status. The significance of psychological processes in the subjective sensation of a dry mouth has been discussed earlier, and this study deals with the presence of depressive symptoms in individuals with idiopathic subjective sensation of a dry mouth. Depressive symptoms in 94 healthy subjects with normal flow rates for unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva but with a subjective sensation of a dry mouth were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and compared with healthy age- and gender-matched controls. The subjects with a subjective dry mouth condition were significantly more depressive and also had a significantly higher frequency of depressive symptoms. Depression was found in 21.3% of the individuals with a subjective dry mouth sensation and in 3.2% of the controls. The results of this study indicate that, in some cases, subjective dry mouth may be of psychological origin.

  • 16.
    Berglin, Ewa
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Esberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Dahlqvist, J.
    Sjowall, J.
    Lundquist, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE), Statistics. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB).
    Lejon, Kristina
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Mohammad, A. J.
    Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Protein profiling in individuals before onset of anca-associated vasculitis2020In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 79, p. 372-372Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 17. Bhoo-Pathy, Nirmala
    et al.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
    Bulgiba, Awang M.
    Bech, Bodil Hammer
    Overvad, Kim
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Perquier, Florence
    Teucher, Birgit
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Schuetze, Madlen
    Boeing, Heiner
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Orfanos, Philippos
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    van Duijnhoven, Franzel J. B.
    Braaten, Tonje
    Lund, Eiliv
    Skeie, Guri
    Redondo, Maria-Luisa
    Buckland, Genevieve
    Sanchez Perez, Maria Jose
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Amiano, Pilar
    Wirfalt, Elisabet
    Wallstrom, Peter
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry.
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nick
    Allen, Naomi E.
    Key, Timothy J.
    Rinaldi, Sabina
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Gallo, Valentina
    Riboli, Elio
    van Gils, Carla H.
    Coffee and tea consumption and risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study2015In: Breast Cancer Research, ISSN 1465-5411, E-ISSN 1465-542X, Vol. 17, article id 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Specific coffee subtypes and tea may impact risk of pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer differently. We investigated the association between coffee (total, caffeinated, decaffeinated) and tea intake and risk of breast cancer. Methods: A total of 335,060 women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) Study, completed a dietary questionnaire from 1992 to 2000, and were followed-up until 2010 for incidence of breast cancer. Hazard ratios (HR) of breast cancer by country-specific, as well as cohort-wide categories of beverage intake were estimated. Results: During an average follow-up of 11 years, 1064 premenopausal, and 9134 postmenopausal breast cancers were diagnosed. Caffeinated coffee intake was associated with lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: adjusted HR = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82 to 0.98, for high versus low consumption; P-trend = 0.029. While there was no significant effect modification by hormone receptor status (P = 0.711), linear trend for lower risk of breast cancer with increasing caffeinated coffee intake was clearest for estrogen and progesterone receptor negative (ER-PR-), postmenopausal breast cancer (P = 0.008). For every 100 ml increase in caffeinated coffee intake, the risk of ER-PR- breast cancer was lower by 4% (adjusted HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.00). Non-consumers of decaffeinated coffee had lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (adjusted HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.99) compared to low consumers, without evidence of dose-response relationship (P-trend = 0.128). Exclusive decaffeinated coffee consumption was not related to postmenopausal breast cancer risk, compared to any decaffeinated-low caffeinated intake (adjusted HR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.14), or to no intake of any coffee (HR: 0.96; 95%: 0.82 to 1.14). Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee were not associated with premenopausal breast cancer. Tea intake was neither associated with pre- nor post-menopausal breast cancer. Conclusions: Higher caffeinated coffee intake may be associated with lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Decaffeinated coffee intake does not seem to be associated with breast cancer.

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  • 18. Bianchi, Marta
    et al.
    Stride, Anna
    Winkvist, Anna
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    Sonesson, Ulf
    Evaluating foods and diets from a multi-dimensional perspective: nutrition, health and environment2020In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, ISSN 0029-6651, E-ISSN 1475-2719, Vol. 79, no OCE2, p. E336-E336Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The study of the environmental impact of dietary patterns in relation to their nutrition quality and health impact is of recent development and great interest for both nutrition and environmental scientists. Preliminary research has been conducted on the potential application of nutrition and health indexes as reference units (i.e. functional units) in the life cycle assessment of foods. Although proposed methods to include nutrition and health aspects exist, more research is needed to increase the scientific quality and societal usefulness of such assessments.

    Materials and Methods: SLF Healthy Diets is a 20-month project where 64 food items from the FFQ used in the population study “Västerbotten Intervention Programme” (VIP) will be characterized for their nutrition density and matched to the carbon footprint from life cycle assessment studies. Several nutrition density scores will be analyzed, among which the NRF9.3 score, a dietary-dependent NQI score, and a new nutrient index tailored for the Swedish population. Hazard ratios for total mortality will be estimated for 100.000 participants to the VIP study, and associations with reported intake of food products, nutrient density and environmental performance described.

    Results and Discussion: Multiple results are expected from the project, among which a synthesis of the combined nutritional and environmental performance of the analyzed foods according to different methods, and hence the identification of the best nutritional index to apply in environmental studies. Additionally, the assessment in the VIP cohort of the associations between reported intake of food products and observed health outcomes will evaluate the ability of the suggested nutrition scores to predict the total mortality in the studied population.

    The present project will allow for more robust quantification and communication of food products’ sustainability performance. Specifically, the project will: develop clear advice on which nutrition scores can best be used in LCA food studies; evaluate pros and cons of combined environmental, nutritional, and health metrics; validate nutrition and health metrics ability to predict health outcomes within a Swedish population-based cohort; investigate and propose how combined environmental, nutritional and health metrics can be implemented and used by food chain stakeholders.

  • 19. Biskup, Izabela
    et al.
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Marklund, Matti
    Olsen, Anja
    van Dam, Rob M.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Landberg, Rikard
    Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of type 2 diabetes in Scandinavian men and women2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 104, no 1, p. 88-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Studies that use dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole-grain intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) are lacking. Objective: We examined the association between plasma total alkylresorcinols and the alkylresorcinol C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake and relative whole grain rye over whole-grain wheat intake, respectively, and the risk of T2D among Scandinavian men and women. Design: A nested case-control study was established within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Alkylresorcinol concentrations and the ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 were determined in plasma samples from 931 case-control pairs. ORs for T2D were calculated for plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration or C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio in quartiles with the use of conditional logistic regression that was adjusted for potential confounders. Additional analyses with whole-grain wheat and rye intake estimated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) as exposures were also performed. Results: The plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was not associated with T2D risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.88) for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles in multivariable adjusted models. However, the C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio was associated with a lower diabetes risk (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78). Analyses with whole-grain intake estimated from FFQs yielded similar results. Conclusions: Total whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by alkylresorcinols in plasma, was not associated with a lower risk of T2D in a population with high whole-grain intake. In contrast, the proportion of whole-grain rye to whole-grain wheat intake, indicated by the plasma C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, was inversely associated with T2D. This suggests that whole-grain intake dominated by rye may be favorable for T2D prevention.

  • 20. Biskup, Izabela
    et al.
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Marklund, Matti
    Olsen, Anja
    van Dam, Rob M.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Landberg, Rikard
    Reply to A Abbasi2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 104, no 6, p. 1725-1726Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21. Biskup, Izabela
    et al.
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Marklund, Matti
    Olsen, Anja
    van Dam, Rob M.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Landberg, Rikard
    Reply to J-B Qin et al2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 104, no 6, p. 1723-1724Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22. Bjorck, Lena
    et al.
    Rosengren, Annika
    Winkvist, Anna
    Capewell, Simon
    Adiels, Martin
    Bandosz, Piotr
    Critchley, Julia
    Boman, Kurt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Guzman-Castillo, Maria
    O'Flaherty, Martin
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Changes in Dietary Fat Intake and Projections for Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Sweden: A Simulation Study2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 8, article id e0160474Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective In Sweden, previous favourable trends in blood cholesterol levels have recently levelled off or even increased in some age groups since 2003, potentially reflecting changing fashions and attitudes towards dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA). We aimed to examine the potential effect of different SFA intake on future coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in 2025. Methods We compared the effect on future CHD mortality of two different scenarios for fat intake a) daily SFA intake decreasing to 10 energy percent (E%), and b) daily SFA intake rising to 20 E %. We assumed that there would be moderate improvements in smoking (5%), salt intake (1g/day) and physical inactivity (5% decrease) to continue recent, positive trends. Results In the baseline scenario which assumed that recent mortality declines continue, approximately 5,975 CHD deaths might occur in year 2025. Anticipated improvements in smoking, dietary salt intake and physical activity, would result in some 380 (-6.4%) fewer deaths (235 in men and 145 in women). In combination with a mean SFA daily intake of 10 E%, a total of 810 (-14%) fewer deaths would occur in 2025 (535 in men and 275 in women). If the overall consumption of SFA rose to 20 E%, the expected mortality decline would be wiped out and approximately 20 (0.3%) additional deaths might occur. Conclusion CHD mortality may increase as a result of unfavourable trends in diets rich in saturated fats resulting in increases in blood cholesterol levels. These could cancel out the favourable trends in salt intake, smoking and physical activity.

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  • 23.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Myte, Robin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    Shivappa, Nitin
    Hébert, James R
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health.
    The inflammatory potential of diet in determining cancer risk: a prospective investigation of two dietary pattern scores2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 4, article id e0214551Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS).

    METHODS: This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations.

    RESULTS: A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median follow-up of 15 years. The two dietary patterns were moderately correlated to each other and had similar associations with cancer risk, predominantly lung cancer in men (DII per tertile decrease: Hazard ratio (HR) 0.81 (0.66-0.99), MDS per tertile increase: HR 0.86 (0.72-1.03)), and gastric cancer in men (DII: 0.73 (0.53-0.99), MDS: 0.73 (0.56-0.96)). Associations were, in general, found to be linear. We found no longitudinal association between 10-year change in diet and cancer risk.

    CONCLUSION: We confirm small, but consistent and statistically significant associations between a more anti-inflammatory or healthier diet and reduced risk of cancer, including a lower risk of lung and gastric cancer in men. The dietary indexes produced similar associations with respect to the risk of cancer.

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  • 24.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Wennberg, Maria
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Lindahl, Bernt
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine.
    Shivappa, Nitin
    Hebert, James R
    Nilsson, Lena Maria
    Umeå University, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Dietary inflammatory index and risk of first myocardial infarction: a prospective population-based study2017In: Nutrition Journal, ISSN 1475-2891, E-ISSN 1475-2891, Vol. 16, article id 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Chronic, low-grade inflammation is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The inflammatory impact of diet can be reflected by concentrations of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream and the inflammatory potential of diet can be estimated by the dietary inflammatory index (DII(TM)), which has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk in some previous studies. We aimed to examine the association between the DII and the risk of first myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based study with long follow-up.

    METHOD: We conducted a prospective case-control study of 1389 verified cases of first MI and 5555 matched controls nested within the population-based cohorts of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS), of which the largest is the ongoing Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) with nearly 100 000 participants during the study period. Median follow-up from recruitment to MI diagnosis was 6.4 years (6.2 for men and 7.2 for women). DII scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered in 1986-2006. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using quartile 1 (most anti-inflammatory diet) as the reference category. For validation, general linear models were used to estimate the association between the DII scores and two inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in a subset (n = 605) of the study population.

    RESULTS: Male participants with the most pro-inflammatory DII scores had an increased risk of MI [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.57 (95% CI 1.21-2.02) P trend = 0.02], which was essentially unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors [ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.50 (95% CI 1.14-1.99), P trend = 0.10]. No association was found between DII and MI in women. An increase of one DII score unit was associated with 9% higher hsCRP (95% CI 0.03-0.14) and 6% higher IL-6 (95% CI 0.02-0.11) in 605 controls with biomarker data available.

    CONCLUSION: A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an elevated risk of first myocardial infarction in men; whereas for women the relationship was null. Consideration of the inflammatory impact of diet could improve prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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  • 25.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Zheng, Rui
    Hanhineva, Kati
    Landberg, Rikard
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Vidman, Linda
    Gunter, Marc
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine.
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM).
    Brunius, Carl
    Data-driven dietary patterns and their association with colorectal cancer risk and untargeted plasma metabolite profilesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Bodén, Stina
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Zheng, Rui
    Department of Surgical Sciences, The EpiHub, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ribbenstedt, Anton
    Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Landberg, Rikard
    Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Harlid, Sophia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Vidman, Linda
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Gunter, Marc J.
    International Agency for Research On Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon Cedex 08, France; Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology.
    van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine at Umeå University (WCMM). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology.
    Brunius, Carl
    Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dietary patterns, untargeted metabolite profiles and their association with colorectal cancer risk2024In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 2244Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigated data-driven and hypothesis-driven dietary patterns and their association to plasma metabolite profiles and subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in 680 CRC cases and individually matched controls. Dietary patterns were identified from combined exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis. We assessed association to LC–MS metabolic profiles by random forest regression and to CRC risk by multivariable conditional logistic regression. Principal component analysis was used on metabolite features selected to reflect dietary exposures. Component scores were associated to CRC risk and dietary exposures using partial Spearman correlation. We identified 12 data-driven dietary patterns, of which a breakfast food pattern showed an inverse association with CRC risk (OR per standard deviation increase 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–1.00, p = 0.04). This pattern was also inversely associated with risk of distal colon cancer (0.75, 0.61–0.96, p = 0.01) and was more pronounced in women (0.69, 0.49–0.96, p = 0.03). Associations between meat, fast-food, fruit soup/rice patterns and CRC risk were modified by tumor location in women. Alcohol as well as fruit and vegetables associated with metabolite profiles (Q2 0.22 and 0.26, respectively). One metabolite reflecting alcohol intake associated with increased CRC risk, whereas three metabolites reflecting fiber, wholegrain, and fruit and vegetables associated with decreased CRC risk.

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  • 27. Boeing, H
    et al.
    Dietrich, T
    Hoffmann, K
    Pischon, T
    Ferrari, P
    Lahmann, PH
    Boutron-Ruault, MC
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Allen, N
    Key, T
    Skeie, G
    Lund, E
    Olsen, A
    Tjonneland, A
    Overvad, K
    Jensen, MK
    Rohrmann, S
    Linseisen, J
    Trichopoulou, A
    Bamia, C
    Psalttopoulou, T
    Weinehall, L
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Sanchez, MJ
    Jakszyn, P
    Ardanaz, E
    Amiano, P
    Chirlaque, MD
    Quiros, JR
    Wirfalt, E
    Berglund, G
    Peeters, PH
    van Gils, CH
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
    Buchner, FL
    Berrino, F
    Palli, D
    Sacerdote, C
    Tumino, R
    Panico, S
    Bingham, S
    Khaw, KT
    Slimani, N
    Norat, T
    Jenab, M
    Riboli, E
    Intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of cancer of the upper aero-digestive tract: the prospective EPIC-study.2006In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 17, no 7, p. 957-969Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiologic studies suggest that a high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract. We studied data from 345,904 subjects of the prospective European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) recruited in seven European countries, who had completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-1998. During 2,182,560 person years of observation 352 histologically verified incident squamous cell cancer (SCC) cases (255 males; 97 females) of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus were identified. Linear and restricted cubic spline Cox regressions were fitted on variables of intake of fruits and vegetables and adjusted for potential confounders. We observed a significant inverse association with combined total fruits and vegetables intake (estimated relative risk (RR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.83-1.00 per 80 g/d of consumption), and nearly significant inverse associations in separate analyses with total fruits and total vegetables intake (RR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92-1.02) and RR = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78-1.02) per 40 g/d of consumption). Overall, vegetable subgroups were not related to risk with the exception of intake of root vegetables in men. Restricted cubic spline regression did not improve the linear model fits except for total fruits and vegetables and total fruits with a significant decrease in risk at low intake levels (<120 g/d) for fruits. Dietary recommendations should consider the potential benefit of increasing fruits and vegetables consumption for reducing the risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, particularly at low intake.

  • 28. Boffetta, Paolo
    et al.
    Couto, Elisabeth
    Wichmann, Janine
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
    Büchner, Frederike L
    Key, Tim
    Boeing, Heiner
    Nöthlings, Ute
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Gonzalez, Carlos A
    Overvad, Kim
    Nielsen, Michael R S
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Morois, Sophie
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Naska, Androniki
    Benetou, Vassiliki
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Panico, Salvatore
    Sieri, Sabina
    Vineis, Paolo
    Palli, Domenico
    van Gils, Carla H
    Peeters, Petra H
    Lund, Eiliv
    Brustad, Magritt
    Engeset, Dagrun
    Huerta, José María
    Rodríguez, Laudina
    Sánchez, Maria-José
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Allen, Naomi E
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Slimani, Nadia
    Jenab, Mazda
    Mouw, Traci
    Norat, Teresa
    Riboli, Elio
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)2010In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, ISSN 0027-8874, E-ISSN 1460-2105, Vol. 102, no 8, p. 529-537Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: It is widely believed that cancer can be prevented by high intake of fruits and vegetables. However, inconsistent results from many studies have not been able to conclusively establish an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to assess relationships between intake of total fruits, total vegetables, and total fruits and vegetables combined and cancer risk during 1992-2000. Detailed information on the dietary habit and lifestyle variables of the cohort was obtained. Cancer incidence and mortality data were ascertained, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. Analyses were also conducted for cancers associated with tobacco and alcohol after stratification for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: Of the initial 142 605 men and 335 873 women included in the study, 9604 men and 21 000 women were identified with cancer after a median follow-up of 8.7 years. The crude cancer incidence rates were 7.9 per 1000 person-years in men and 7.1 per 1000 person-years in women. Associations between reduced cancer risk and increased intake of total fruits and vegetables combined and total vegetables for the entire cohort were similar (200 g/d increased intake of fruits and vegetables combined, HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.99; 100 g/d increased intake of total vegetables, HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99); intake of fruits showed a weaker inverse association (100 g/d increased intake of total fruits, HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.00). The reduced risk of cancer associated with high vegetable intake was restricted to women (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99). Stratification by alcohol intake suggested a stronger reduction in risk in heavy drinkers and was confined to cancers caused by smoking and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: A very small inverse association between intake of total fruits and vegetables and cancer risk was observed in this study. Given the small magnitude of the observed associations, caution should be applied in their interpretation.

  • 29. Boström, Elisabeth A.
    et al.
    Kindstedt, Elin
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Sulniute, Rima
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Palmqvist, Py
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Majster, Mirjam
    Holm, Cecilia Koskinen
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Zwicker, Stephanie
    Clark, Reuben
    Önell, Sebastian
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Lerner, Ulf H.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Bone & Arthrit Res, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundberg, Pernilla
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Increased Eotaxin and MCP-1 Levels in Serum from Individuals with Periodontitis and in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Exposed to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines2015In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 10, no 8, article id e0134608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of tooth supporting tissues resulting in periodontal tissue destruction, which may ultimately lead to tooth loss. The disease is characterized by continuous leukocyte infiltration, likely mediated by local chemokine production but the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully elucidated. There are no reliable serologic biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis, which is today based solely on the degree of local tissue destruction, and there is no available biological treatment tool. Prompted by the increasing interest in periodontitis and systemic inflammatory mediators we mapped serum cytokine and chemokine levels from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls. We used multivariate partial least squares (PLS) modeling and identified monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and eotaxin as clearly associated with periodontitis along with C-reactive protein (CRP), years of smoking and age, whereas the number of remaining teeth was associated with being healthy. Moreover, body mass index correlated significantly with serum MCP-1 and CRP, but not with eotaxin. We detected higher MCP-1 protein levels in inflamed gingival connective tissue compared to healthy but the eotaxin levels were undetectable. Primary human gingival fibroblasts displayed strongly increased expression of MCP-1 and eotaxin mRNA and protein when challenged with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), key mediators of periodontal inflammation. We also demonstrated that the upregulated chemokine expression was dependent on the NF-kappa B pathway. In summary, we identify higher levels of CRP, eotaxin and MCP-1 in serum of periodontitis patients. This, together with our finding that both CRP and MCP-1 correlates with BMI points towards an increased systemic inflammatory load in patients with periodontitis and high BMI. Targeting eotaxin and MCP-1 in periodontitis may result in reduced leukocyte infiltration and inflammation in periodontitis and maybe prevent tooth loss.

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  • 30. Bratt, P
    et al.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Cariology.
    Linder, J
    Ericson, T
    Function of the rat salivary glands after exposure to inorganic mercury1995In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 172, no 1, p. 47-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In spite of many studies on the toxicity of mercury, very little is known about the effects of mercury on the function of exocrine glands. In the present paper selected functions of Sprague-Dawley rat salivary glands were studied after the exposure of the animals to inorganic mercury at two different doses; 3.25 mg/kg body weight given during 25 days and 7.0 mg/kg body weight given during 27 days. The function of the salivary glands was estimated by saliva secretion rate, secretion of electrolytes, proteins and biosynthesis of glycoproteins. The function was compared between mercury exposed rats and age and sex matched control rats that were given injections with equal volumes of 0.154 mol/l NaCl on the same time schedule. In the present study we report that no significant effect on saliva secretion rate, concentrations of salivary constituents or biosynthesis of glycoproteins in the salivary glands could be observed in rats as a result of mercury exposure at two levels that gave 30 or 60 times higher serum mercury concentrations than in the majority of the Swedish population.

  • 31. Brunkwall, Louise
    et al.
    Chen, Yan
    Hindy, George
    Rukh, Gull
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Barroso, Ines
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
    Orho-Melander, Marju
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity in 2 Swedish cohorts2016In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 104, no 3, p. 809-815Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which has increased substantially during the last decades, has been associated with obesity and weight gain.

    Objective: Common genetic susceptibility to obesity has been shown to modify the association between SSB intake and obesity risk in 3 prospective cohorts from the United States. We aimed to replicate these findings in 2 large Swedish cohorts.

    Design: Data were available for 21,824 healthy participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study and 4902 healthy participants from the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk Study. Self-reported SSB intake was categorized into 4 levels (seldom, low, medium, and high). Unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) were constructed based on 30 body mass index [(BMI) in kg/m2]-associated loci, and effect modification was assessed in linear regression equations by modeling the product and marginal effects of the GRS and SSB intake adjusted for age-, sex-, and cohort-specific covariates, with BMI as the outcome. In a secondary analysis, models were additionally adjusted for putative confounders (total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and physical activity).

    Results: In an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis, each SSB intake category increment was associated with a 0.18 higher BMI (SE = 0.02; P = 1.7 × 10−20n = 26,726). In the fully adjusted model, a nominal significant interaction between SSB intake category and the unweighted GRS was observed (P-interaction = 0.03). Comparing the participants within the top and bottom quartiles of the GRS to each increment in SSB intake was associated with 0.24 (SE = 0.04; P = 2.9 × 10−8n = 6766) and 0.15 (SE = 0.04; P = 1.3 × 10−4n = 6835) higher BMIs, respectively.

    Conclusions: The interaction observed in the Swedish cohorts is similar in magnitude to the previous analysis in US cohorts and indicates that the relation of SSB intake and BMI is stronger in people genetically predisposed to obesity.

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  • 32. Buckland, G
    et al.
    Travier, N
    Cottet, V
    Gonzalez, CA
    Lujan-Barroso, L
    Agudo, A
    Trichopoulou, A
    Lagiou, P
    Trichopoulos, D
    Peeters, PH
    May, A
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB
    Duijnhoven, FJ Bvan
    Key, TJ
    Allen, N
    Khaw, KT
    Wareham, N
    Romieu, I
    McCormack, V
    Boutron-Ruault, M
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Panico, S
    Agnoli, C
    Palli, D
    Tumino, R
    Vineis, P
    Amiano, P
    Barricarte, A
    Rodriguez, L
    Sanchez, MJ
    Chirlaque, MD
    Kaaks, R
    Teucher, B
    Boeing, H
    Bergmann, MM
    Overvad, K
    Dahm, CC
    Tjonneland, A
    Olsen, A
    Manjer, J
    Wirfalt, E
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry.
    Lund, E
    Hjartaker, A
    Skeie, G
    Vergnaud, AC
    Norat, T
    Romaguera, D
    Riboli, E
    Adherence to the mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort study2013In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 132, no 12, p. 2918-2927Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiological evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet (MD) could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC). As evidence from the prospective studies remains scarce and conflicting, we investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC among 335,062 women recruited from 1992 to 2000, in ten European countries, and followed for 11 years on average. Adherence to the MD was estimated through an adapted relative Mediterranean diet (arMED) score excluding alcohol. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used while adjusting for BC risk factors. A total of 9,009 postmenopausal and 1,216 premenopausal first primary incident invasive BC were identified (5,862 estrogen or progesterone receptor positive [ER+/PR+] and 1,018 estrogen and progesterone receptor negative [ER/PR]). The arMED was inversely associated with the risk of BC overall and in postmenopausal women (high vs. low arMED score; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 1.00] ptrend = 0.048, and HR = 0.93 [95% CI: 0.87, 0.99] ptrend = 0.037, respectively). The association was more pronounced in ER/PR tumors (HR = 0.80 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.99] ptrend = 0.043). The arMED score was not associated with BC in premenopausal women. Our findings show that adherence to a MD excluding alcohol was related to a modest reduced risk of BC in postmenopausal women, and this association was stronger in receptor-negative tumors. The results support the potential scope for BC prevention through dietary modification.

  • 33. Buckland, Genevieve
    et al.
    Agudo, Antonio
    Luján, Leila
    Jakszyn, Paula
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Palli, Domenico
    Boeing, Heiner
    Carneiro, Fátima
    Krogh, Vittorio
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Panico, Salvatore
    Nesi, Gabriella
    Manjer, Jonas
    Regnér, Sara
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Stenling, Roger
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Sanchez, María-José
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Navarro, Carmen
    Quirós, J Ramón
    Allen, Naomi E
    Key, Timothy J
    Bingham, Sheila
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Overvad, Kim
    Jensen, Majken
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Numans, Mattijs E
    Ocké, Marga C
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Morois, Sophie
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Lund, Eiliv
    Couto, Elisabeth
    Boffeta, Paolo
    Jenab, Mazda
    Riboli, Elio
    Romaguera, Dora
    Mouw, Traci
    González, Carlos A
    Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study2010In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 91, no 2, p. 381-390Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean dietary pattern is believed to protect against cancer, although evidence from cohort studies that have examined particular cancer sites is limited.

    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the association between adherence to a relative Mediterranean diet (rMED) and incident gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.

    DESIGN: The study included 485,044 subjects (144,577 men) aged 35-70 y from 10 European countries. At recruitment, dietary and lifestyle information was collected. An 18-unit rMED score, incorporating 9 key components of the Mediterranean diet, was used to estimate rMED adherence. The association between rMED and GC with respect to anatomic location (cardia and noncardia) and histologic types (diffuse and intestinal) was investigated. A calibration study in a subsample was used to control for dietary measurement error.

    RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 8.9 y, 449 validated incident GC cases were identified and used in the analysis. After stratification by center and age and adjustment for recognized cancer risk factors, high compared with low rMED adherence was associated with a significant reduction in GC risk (hazard ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.94). A 1-unit increase in the rMED score was associated with a decreased risk of GC of 5% (95% CI: 0.91, 0.99). There was no evidence of heterogeneity between different anatomic locations or histologic types. The calibrated results showed similar trends (overall hazard ratio for GC: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99).

    CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to an rMED is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of incident GC.

  • 34. Bäckström, I
    et al.
    Funegård, Ulrika
    Andersson, I
    Franzén, L
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Odontology, Cariology.
    Dietary intake in head and neck irradiated patients with permanent dry mouth symptoms.1995In: European Journal of Cancer. Part B, Oral Oncology, ISSN 0964-1955, Vol. 31B, no 4, p. 253-257Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Radiotherapy of the head and neck region, which includes the major and minor salivary glands in the radiation field, usually leads to temporary or permanent xerostomia. This may affect eating and increase the risk of inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia on energy and nutrient intake in individuals treated for malignancies in the head and neck region. The dietary intake of 24 patients with a low chewing stimulated whole saliva flow rate (< 0.5 ml/min) and in age and sex matched controls with normal flow rate (> 1.0 ml/min) was recorded for 7 days. The average daily energy intake was nearly 300 kcal lower in the irradiated patients with dry mouth symptoms than in the control group. The mean intake in the former group was 1925 kcal per day whereas the control group had an intake of 2219 kcal per day. Irradiated patients with dry mouth symptoms had significantly lower mean intakes of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin B6, folacine, iron and zinc than those in the control group. There was also a lower intake of vitamin C, but this was not statistically significant. The intake of vitamins A and C exceeded or reached the levels recommended in the Swedish Nutritional recommendations, but the average intakes of fibre, iron, beta-carotene, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and iron did not reach recommended levels, in neither the experimental nor the control group. There was a slight positive correlation between energy intake and saliva secretion rate in the control group, but the energy intake was totally independent of variations in secretion rate in the irradiated patients with low secretion rate.

  • 35. Campmans-Kuijpers, Marjo J. E.
    et al.
    Sluijs, Ivonne
    Noethlings, Ute
    Freisling, Heinz
    Overvad, Kim
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Katzke, Verena A.
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Masala, Giovanna
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Tumino, Rosario
    Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W.
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    Ricceri, Fulvio
    Chamosa, Saioa
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry.
    Winkvist, Anna
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Sluik, Diewertje
    Boeing, Heiner
    Beulens, Joline W. J.
    Isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with protein: the association with weight change and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes2015In: Cardiovascular Diabetology, ISSN 1475-2840, E-ISSN 1475-2840, Vol. 14, article id 39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The health impact of dietary replacement of carbohydrates with protein for patients with type 2 diabetes is still debated. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary substitution of carbohydrates with (animal and plant) protein and 5-year weight change, and all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Methods: The study included 6,107 diabetes patients from 15 European cohorts. Patients with type 1 diabetes were excluded. At recruitment, validated country-specific food-frequency questionnaires were used to estimate dietary intake. Multivariable adjusted linear regression was used to examine the associations between dietary carbohydrate substitution with protein and 5-year weight change, and Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for (CVD) mortality.

    Results: Annual weight loss of patients with type 2 diabetes was 0.17 (SD 1.24) kg. After a mean follow-up of 9.2 (SD 2.3)y, 787 (13%) participants had died, of which 266 (4%) deaths were due to CVD. Substitution of 10 gram dietary carbohydrate with total (ß = 187 [75;299]g) and animal (ß = 196 [137;254]g) protein was associated with mean 5-year weight gain. Substitution for plant protein was not significantly associated with weight change (β = 82 [−421;584]g). Substitution with plant protein was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (HR = 0.79 [0.64;0.97]), whereas substitution with total or animal protein was not associated with (CVD) mortality risk.

    Conclusions: In diabetes patients, substitution with plant protein was beneficial with respect to weight change and all-cause mortality as opposed to substitution with animal protein. Therefore, future research is needed whether dietary guidelines should not actively promote substitution of carbohydrates by total protein, but rather focus on substitution of carbohydrates with plant protein.

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  • 36. Campmans-Kuijpers, Marjo J
    et al.
    Sluijs, Ivonne
    Nöthlings, Ute
    Freisling, Heinz
    Overvad, Kim
    Boeing, Heiner
    Masala, Giovanna
    Panico, Salvatore
    Tumino, Rosario
    Sieri, Sabina
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Winkvist, Anna
    Katzke, Verena A
    Kuehn, Tilman
    Nilsson, Peter M
    Halkjær, Jytte
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Spijkerman, Annemieke M
    Arriola, Larraitz
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    May, Anne M
    Beulens, Joline W
    The association of substituting carbohydrates with total fat and different types of fatty acids with mortality and weight change among diabetes patients2016In: Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, E-ISSN 1532-1983, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 1096-1102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Substitution of carbohydrates with fat in a diet for type 2 diabetes patients is still debated.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and isocaloric substitution with (i) total fat, (ii) saturated fatty acids (SFA), (iii) mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and (iv) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality risk and 5-year weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes.

    METHODS: The study included 6192 patients with type 2 diabetes from 15 cohorts of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Dietary intake was assessed at recruitment with country-specific food-frequency questionnaires. Cox and linear regression were used to estimate the associations with (CVD) mortality and weight change, adjusting for confounders and using different methods to adjust for energy intake.

    RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 9.2 y ± SD 2.3 y, 791 (13%) participants had died, of which 268 (4%) due to CVD. Substituting 10 g or 5 energy% of carbohydrates by total fat was associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.07 [1.02-1.13]), or SFAs (HR 1.25 [1.11-1.40]) and a lower risk when replaced by MUFAs (HR 0.89 [0.77-1.02]). When carbohydrates were substituted with SFAs (HR 1.22 [1.00-1.49]) or PUFAs (HR 1.29 [1.02-1.63]) CVD mortality risk increased. The 5-year weight was lower when carbohydrates were substituted with total fat or MUFAs. These results were consistent over different energy adjustment methods.

    CONCLUSIONS: In diabetes patients, substitution of carbohydrates with SFAs was associated with a higher (CVD) mortality risk and substitution by total fat was associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk. Substitution of carbohydrates with MUFAs may be associated with lower mortality risk and weight reduction. Instead of promoting replacement of carbohydrates by total fat, dietary guideline should continue focusing on replacement by fat-subtypes; especially SFAs by MUFAs.

  • 37.
    Castañeda, Jazmin
    et al.
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
    Gil-Lespinard, Mercedes
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
    Almanza-Aguilera, Enrique
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
    Llaha, Fjorida
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
    Gómez, Jesús-Humberto
    Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
    Bondonno, Nicola
    Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, Perth, Australia.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Overvad, Kim
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Katzke, Verena
    Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
    Masala, Giovanna
    Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
    Agnoli, Claudia
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Research, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy.
    Santucci de Magistris, Maria
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
    Tumino, Rosario
    Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE-ONLUS), Ragusa, Italy.
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy.
    Skeie, Guri
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Brustad, Magritt
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; The Public Dental Health Service Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada - ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Chirlaque, María-Dolores
    Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
    Barricarte, Aurelio
    CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    da Silva, Marisa
    Register-based Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences.
    May, Anne M.
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Forouhi, Nita G.
    MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Freisling, Heinz
    International Agency for Research on Cancer Nutrition (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    International Agency for Research on Cancer Nutrition (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Scalbert, Augustin
    International Agency for Research on Cancer Nutrition (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Zamora-Ros, Raul
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
    Association between classes and subclasses of polyphenol intake and 5-year body weight changes in the EPIC-PANACEA study2023In: Obesity, ISSN 1930-7381, E-ISSN 1930-739X, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 1146-1158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses and body weight change over 5 years.

    Methods: A total of 349,165 men and women aged 25 to 70 years were recruited in the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries. Body weight was measured at baseline and at follow-up after a median time of 5 years. Polyphenol intake, including four main polyphenol classes and eighteen subclasses, was estimated using validated dietary questionnaires and Phenol-Explorer. Multilevel mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the associations.

    Results: Participants gained, on average, 2.6 kg (±5.0 kg) over 5 years. Total flavonoids intake was inversely associated with body weight change (−0.195 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.128). However, the intake of total polyphenols (0.205 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.138 to 0.272) and intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (0.324 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.267 to 0.381) were positively associated with body weight gain. In analyses stratified by coffee consumption, hydroxycinnamic acid intake was positively associated with body weight gain in coffee consumers (0.379 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.319 to 0.440), but not in coffee nonconsumers (−0.179 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.490 to 0.133).

    Conclusions: Higher intakes of flavonoids and their subclasses are inversely associated with a modest body weight change. Results regarding hydroxycinnamic acids in coffee consumers require further investigation.

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  • 38. Cederholm, Tommy
    et al.
    Marcus, Claude
    Rössner, Stephan
    Hellénius, Mai-Lis
    Björck, Inger
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    Forsum, Elisabet
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Hernell, Olle
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics.
    Hulthén, Lena
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Larsson, Jörgen
    Lissner, Lauren
    Nilsson, Ake
    Nyman, Margareta
    Palmblad, Jan
    Sandberg, Ann-Sofie
    Aman, Per
    Replik till Lars-Erik Holm: Forskaren, samhället och jäv [The researcher, the society and partiality]2008In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 105, no 16, p. 1206-1207Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39. Celine, Steib
    et al.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Hefni, Mohammed
    Witthöft, Cornelia
    Legume consumption in Sweden: a descriptive cross-sectional study2020In: 13th European Nutrition Conference, FENS 2019, 15–18 October 2019, Malnutrition in an Obese World: European Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 2020, Vol. 79, no OCE2, p. E335-E335Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the growing evidence supporting legume consumption as part of healthy and sustainable diet, little information is known on legume intake in the Swedish population. The aim of the present study was to describe legume consumers in Sweden, their nutrient intake and study the association with biomarkers of nutritional status using food consumption and biomonitoring data from Swedish adults in the 2010–11 National Riksmaten survey. Total legume intake - including pulses, fresh legumes, soy products, peanuts, sprouts and mixed meals with legumes - was estimated using a web-based 4-d food records in adults 18–80 years (n = 1772). A range of biomarkers including non-fasted plasma ferritin and folate, as well as erythrocyte folate, were measured for a subsample of the population (n = 282). Legumes were consumed by 44% of the population, median intake was 36 g/d (Q1 = 16; Q3 = 71; n = 777). Legumes provided on average 3.3% of individual's total energy intake (%E) with no significant difference between sexes. Pulses were consumed by 33% of consumers contributing to 3.2 ± 2.8 %E intake whereas soy products were consumed by 8.6% of legume consumers but contributing to 6 ± 7.5 %E. Legume intake among self-reported vegetarians (n = 55) was significantly higher (p < 0.000) than for non-vegetarians, with mean daily intakes of 92 ± 99 g/d and 21 ± 42 g/d, respectively. Age (p 0.0066) was significantly higher in Q4 of legume intake and alcohol consumption was significantly lower (p 0.0008); BMI, gender, smoking habits, education and total energy intake did not differ. 23% of legume consumers have a fiber intake of 25–35 g/d whereas only 11% of non-consumers reach recommended intake (p 0.0001). Iron, folate and dietary fiber intakes were significantly higher (p < 0.000) in Q4 of legume intake. 32% of legume consumers meet recommended intakes of folate (RI 300 μg/d) versus 18% for non-consumers (p 0.000). Notably, 5.76% of women of reproductive age (18–44 y.o.) eating legumes reach 400 μg/d versus 0.79% for non-consumers (p 0.002). Plasma ferritin and erythrocyte folate levels did not differ between legume consumers and non-consumers. However, for women in reproductive age (n = 31), plasma folate levels were significantly higher in consumers than non-consumers (p 0.0102). Legume consumers have higher fiber intake and more frequently meet recommended folate intakes while maintaining adequate iron intake. In conclusion, legume consumers in Sweden are characterized by a defined diet pattern that generally is associated with better health.

  • 40. Chajes, Veronique
    et al.
    Biessy, Carine
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Freisling, Heinz
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Scalbert, Augustin
    de Mesquita, Bas Bueno
    Romaguera, Dora
    Gunter, Marc J.
    Vineis, Paolo
    Hansen, Camilla Plambeck
    Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre
    Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
    Fagherazzi, Guy
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
    Katzke, Verana
    Neamat-Allah, Jasmine
    Boeing, Heiner
    Bachlechner, Ursula
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Naska, Androniki
    Orfanos, Philippos
    Pala, Valeria
    Masala, Giovanna
    Mattiello, Amalia
    Skeie, Guri
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Agudo, Antonio
    Maria Huerta, Jose
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Jose Sanchez, Maria
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Ramon Quiros, Jose
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Winkvist, Anna
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Sonested, Emily
    Key, Tim
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicolas J.
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Slimani, Nadia
    Plasma Elaidic Acid Level as Biomarker of Industrial Trans Fatty Acids and Risk of Weight Change: Report from the EPIC Study2015In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 10, no 2, article id e0118206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between dietary trans fatty acids and weight gain, and the evidence remains inconsistent. The main objective of the study was to investigate the prospective association between biomarker of industrial trans fatty acids and change in weight within the large study European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ( EPIC) cohort. Methods Baseline plasma fatty acid concentrations were determined in a representative EPIC sample from the 23 participating EPIC centers. A total of 1,945 individuals were followed for a median of 4.9 years to monitor weight change. The association between elaidic acid level and percent change of weight was investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model, adjusted by length of follow- up, age, energy, alcohol, smoking status, physical activity, and region. Results In women, doubling elaidic acid was associated with a decreased risk of weight loss ( odds ratio ( OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval ( CI) = 0.55- 0.88, p = 0.002) and a trend was observed with an increased risk of weight gain during the 5- year follow- up ( OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.97- 1.56, p = 0.082) ( p- trend<. 0001). In men, a trend was observed for doubling elaidic acid level and risk of weight loss ( OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66- 1.01, p = 0.062) while no significant association was found with risk of weight gain during the 5- year follow- up ( OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.88- 1.33, p = 0.454). No association was found for saturated and cismonounsaturated fatty acids. Conclusions These data suggest that a high intake of industrial trans fatty acids may decrease the risk of weight loss, particularly in women. Prevention of obesity should consider limiting the consumption of highly processed foods, the main source of industrially- produced trans fatty acids.

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  • 41. Chajès, Véronique
    et al.
    Biessy, Carine
    Byrnes, Graham
    Deharveng, Geneviève
    Saadatian-Elahi, Mitra
    Jenab, Mazda
    Peeters, Petra H M
    Ocké, Marga
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Wirfält, Elisabet
    Jakszyn, Paula
    González, Carlos A
    Huerta, Jose-Maria
    Martinez, Carmen
    Amiano, Pilar
    Suárez, Laudina Rodriguez
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Halkjaer, Jytte
    Overvad, Kim
    Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre
    Berrino, Franco
    Pala, Valeria
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Vineis, Paolo
    de Magistris, Maria Santucci
    Spencer, Elisabeth A
    Crowe, Francesca L
    Bingham, Sheila
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Linseisen, Jakob
    Rohrmann, Sabine
    Boeing, Heiner
    Nöethlings, Ute
    Olsen, Karina Standahl
    Skeie, Guri
    Lund, Eiliv
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Zilis, Dimosthenis
    Oustoglou, Erifili
    Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
    Riboli, Elio
    Slimani, Nadia
    Ecological-level associations between highly processed food intakes and plasma phospholipid elaidic acid concentrations: results from a cross-sectional study within the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC).2011In: Nutrition and Cancer, ISSN 0163-5581, E-ISSN 1532-7914, Vol. 63, no 8, p. 1235-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Elaidic acid is the main unnatural trans fatty acid isomer occurring during partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils used as ingredients for the formulation of processed foods. The main objective is to assess associations between processed food intakes and plasma phospholipid elaidic acid concentrations within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. A cross-sectional study was used to determine fatty acid profiles in 3,003 subjects from 16 centers. Single 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) were collected using a standardized computerized interview program. Food intakes were computed according to their degree of processing (moderately/nonprocessed foods, processed staple foods, highly processed foods). Adjusted ecological and individual correlations were calculated between processed food intakes and plasma elaidic acid levels. At the population level, mean intakes of highly processed foods were strongly correlated with mean levels of plasma elaidic acid in men (P = 0.0016) and in women (P = 0.0012). At the individual level, these associations remained but at a much lower level in men (r = 0.08, P = 0.006) and in women (r = 0.09, P = 0.0001). The use of an averaged 24-HDR measure of highly processed food intakes is adequate for predicting mean levels of plasma elaidic acid among European populations.

  • 42. Chen, Yan
    et al.
    Estampador, Angela C
    Keller, Maria
    Poveda, Alaitz
    Dalla-Riva, Jonathan
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Renström, Frida
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.
    Kurbasic, Azra
    Franks, Paul W.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.
    Varga, Tibor V
    The combined effects of FADS gene variation and dietary fats in obesity-related traits in a population from the far north of Sweden: the GLACIER Study2019In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 43, no 4, p. 808-820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Recent analyses in Greenlandic Inuit identified six genetic polymorphisms (rs74771917, rs3168072, rs12577276, rs7115739, rs174602 and rs174570) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1-FADS2-FADS3) that are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric traits. Our objectives were to systematically assess whether dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake modifies the associations between genetic variants in the FADS gene cluster and cardiometabolic traits, and to functionally annotate top-ranking candidates to estimate their regulatory potential.

    METHODS: Data analyses consisted of the following: interaction analyses between the 6 candidate genetic variants and dietary PUFA intake; gene-centric joint analyses to detect interaction signals in the FADS region; haplotype-centric joint tests across 30 haplotype blocks in the FADS region to refine interaction signals; and functional annotation of top-ranking loci from the previous steps. These analyses were undertaken in Swedish adults from the GLACIER Study (N = 5,160); data on genetic variation and eight cardiometabolic traits were used.

    RESULTS: Interactions were observed between rs174570 and n-6 PUFA intake on fasting glucose (Pint = 0.005) and between rs174602 and n-3 PUFA intake on total cholesterol (Pint = 0.001). Gene-centric analyses demonstrated a statistically significant interaction effect for FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides (Pint = 0.005) considering genetic main effects as random. Haplotype analyses revealed three blocks (Pint < 0.011) that could drive the interaction between FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides; functional annotation of these regions showed that each block harbours a number of highly functional regulatory variants; FADS2 rs5792235 demonstrated the highest functionality score.

    CONCLUSIONS: The association between FADS variants and triglycerides may be modified by PUFA intake. The intronic FADS2 rs5792235 variant is a potential causal variant in the region, having the highest regulatory potential. However, our results suggest that multiple haplotypes may harbour functional variants in a region, rather than a single causal variant.

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  • 43. Chuang, Shu-Chun
    et al.
    Norat, Teresa
    Murphy, Neil
    Olsen, Anja
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Overvad, Kim
    Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
    Perquier, Florence
    Dartois, Laureen
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    Teucher, Birgit
    Bergmann, Manuela M.
    Boeing, Heiner
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Lagiou, Pagona
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Grioni, Sara
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Panico, Salvatore
    Palli, Domenico
    Tumino, Rosario
    Peeters, Petra H. M.
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
    Ros, Martine M.
    Brustad, Magritt
    Asli, Lene Angell
    Skeie, Guri
    Quiros, J. Ramon
    Gonzalez, Carlos A.
    Sanchez, Maria-Jose
    Navarro, Carmen
    Aicua, Eva Ardanaz
    Dorronsoro, Miren
    Drake, Isabel
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Key, Timothy
    Crowe, Francesca
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Slimani, Nadia
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Gallo, Valentina
    Riboli, Elio
    Vineis, Paolo
    Fiber intake and total and cause-specific mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort2012In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 96, no 1, p. 164-174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Previous studies have shown that high fiber intake is associated with lower mortality. However, little is known about the association of dietary fiber with specific causes of death other than cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relation between fiber intake, mortality, and cause-specific mortality in a large European prospective study of 452,7 I 7 men and women. Design: HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by age, sex, and center and adjusted for education, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, total energy intake, and, in women, ever use of menopausal hormone therapy. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12.7 y, a total of 23,582 deaths were recorded. Fiber intake was inversely associated with total mortality (HRper (10-g/d) (increase): 0.90; 95% Cl: 0.88, 0.92); with mortality from circulatory (HRper (10-g/d increase): 0.90 and 0.88 for men and women, respectively), digestive (HR: 0.61 and 0.64), respiratory (HR: 0.77 and 0.62), and non-CVD noncancer inflammatory (HR: 0.85 and 0.80) diseases; and with smoking-related cancers (HR: 0.86 and 0.89) but not with non-smoking-related cancers (HR: 1.05 and 0.97). The associations were more evident for fiber from cereals and vegetables than from fruit. The associations were similar across BMI and physical activity categories but were stronger in smokers and participants who consumed >18 g alcohol/d. Conclusions: Higher fiber intake is associated with lower mortality, particularly from circulatory, digestive, and non-CVD noncancer inflammatory diseases. Our results support current recommendations of high dietary fiber intake for health maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:164-74.

  • 44. Clasen, Joanna L.
    et al.
    Heath, Alicia K.
    Van Puyvelde, Heleen
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Park, Jin Young
    Ferrari, Pietro
    Johansson, Mattias
    Scelo, Ghislaine
    Ulvik, Arve
    Midttun, Øivind
    Ueland, Per Magne
    Dahm, Christina C.
    Halkjær, Jytte
    Olsen, Anja
    Johnson, Theron
    Katzke, Verena
    Schulze, Matthias B.
    Masala, Giovanna
    Segrado, Francesco
    de Magistris, Maria Santucci
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Ocké, Marga C.
    Luján-Barroso, Leila
    Ching-López, Ana
    Huerta, José María
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Amiano, Pilar
    Ericson, Ulrika
    Manjer, Jonas
    Gylling, Björn
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Schmidt, Julie
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Riboli, Elio
    Cross, Amanda J.
    Muller, David C.
    A comparison of complementary measures of vitamin B6 status, function, and metabolism in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study2021In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 114, no 1, p. 338-347Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Vitamin B6 insufficiency has been linked to increased risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. The circulating concentration of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a commonly used measure of vitamin B6 status. Ratios of substrates indicating PLP coenzymatic function and metabolism may be useful complementary measures to further explore the role of vitamin B6 in health.

    OBJECTIVES: We explored the sensitivity of 5 outcomes, namely PLP concentration, homocysteine:cysteine (Hcy:Cys), cystathionine:cysteine (Cysta:Cys), the 3´-hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr), and the 4-pyridoxic acid ratio (PAr) to vitamin B6 intake as well as personal and lifestyle characteristics.

    MEDTHODS: Dietary intake and biomarker data were collected from participants from 3 nested case-control studies within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Bayesian regression models assessed the associations of the 5 biomarker outcomes with vitamin B6 intake and personal and lifestyle covariates. Analogous models examined the relations of Hcy:Cys, Cysta:Cys, and HKr with PLP.

    RESULTS: In total, 4608 participants were included in the analyses. Vitamin B6 intake was most strongly associated with PLP, moderately associated with Hcy:Cys, Cysta:Cys, and HKr, and not associated with PAr (fold change in marker given a doubling of vitamin B6 intake: PLP 1.60 [95% credible interval (CrI): 1.50, 1.71]; Hcy:Cys 0.87 [95% CrI: 0.84, 0.90]; Cysta:Cys 0.89 [95% CrI: 0.84, 0.94]; HKr 0.88 [95% CrI: 0.85, 0.91]; PAr 1.00 [95% CrI: 0.95, 1.05]). PAr was most sensitive to age, and HKr was least sensitive to BMI and alcohol intake. Sex and menopause status were strongly associated with all 5 markers.

    CONCLUSIONS: We found that 5 different markers, capturing different aspects of vitamin B6-related biological processes, varied in their associations with vitamin B6 intake and personal and lifestyle predictors.

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  • 45. Cordova, R.
    et al.
    Knaze, V.
    Viallon, V.
    Rust, P.
    Schalkwijk, C. G.
    Weiderpass, E.
    Wagner, K-H.
    Mayen-Chacon, A-L.
    Aglago, E. K.
    Dahm, C. C.
    Overvad, K.
    Tjonneland, A.
    Halkjaer, J.
    Mancini, F. R.
    Boutron-Ruault, M-C.
    Fagherazzi, G.
    Katzke, V.
    Kuehn, T.
    Schulze, M. B.
    Boeing, H.
    Trichopoulou, A.
    Karakatsani, A.
    Thriskos, P.
    Masala, G.
    Krogh, V.
    Panico, S.
    Tumino, R.
    Ricceri, F.
    Spijkerman, A.
    Boer, J.
    Skeie, G.
    Rylander, C.
    Borch, K. B.
    Quiros, J. R.
    Agudo, A.
    Redondo-Sanchez, D.
    Amiano, P.
    Gomez-Gomez, J-H.
    Barricarte, A.
    Ramne, S.
    Sonestedt, E.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Esberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Tong, T.
    Aune, D.
    Tsilidis, K. K.
    Gunter, M. J.
    Jenab, M.
    Freisling, Heinz
    Dietary intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and changes in body weight in European adults2020In: European Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 1436-6207, E-ISSN 1436-6215, Vol. 59, p. 2893-2904Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can be formed in foods by the reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, and have been shown to induce insulin resistance and obesity in experimental studies. We examined the association between dietary AGEs intake and changes in body weight in adults over an average of 5 years of follow-up.

    Methods: A total of 255,170 participants aged 25–70 years were recruited in ten European countries (1992–2000) in the PANACEA study (Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of smoking, Eating out of home in relation to Anthropometry), a sub-cohort of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported between 2 and 11 years later depending on the study center. A reference database for AGEs was used containing UPLC–MS/MS-measured Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)-lysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) in 200 common European foods. This reference database was matched to foods and decomposed recipes obtained from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires in EPIC and intake levels of CEL, CML, and MG-H1 were estimated. Associations between dietary AGEs intake and body weight change were estimated separately for each of the three AGEs using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center as random effect and dietary AGEs intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects.

    Results: A one-SD increment in CEL intake was associated with 0.111 kg (95% CI 0.087–0.135) additional weight gain over 5 years. The corresponding additional weight gain for CML and MG-H1 was 0.065 kg (0.041–0.089) and 0.034 kg (0.012, 0.057), respectively. The top six food groups contributing to AGEs intake, with varying proportions across the AGEs, were cereals/cereal products, meat/processed meat, cakes/biscuits, dairy, sugar and confectionary, and fish/shellfish.

    Conclusion: In this study of European adults, higher intakes of AGEs were associated with marginally greater weight gain over an average of 5 years of follow-up.

  • 46. Cornelis, M C
    et al.
    Byrne, E M
    Esko, T
    Nalls, M A
    Ganna, A
    Paynter, N
    Monda, K L
    Amin, N
    Fischer, K
    Renstrom, F
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Ngwa, J S
    Huikari, V
    Cavadino, A
    Nolte, I M
    Teumer, A
    Yu, K
    Marques-Vidal, P
    Rawal, R
    Manichaikul, A
    Wojczynski, M K
    Vink, J M
    Zhao, J H
    Burlutsky, G
    Lahti, J
    Mikkilä, V
    Lemaitre, R N
    Eriksson, J
    Musani, S K
    Tanaka, T
    Geller, F
    Luan, J
    Hui, J
    Mägi, R
    Dimitriou, M
    Garcia, M E
    Ho, W-K
    Wright, M J
    Rose, L M
    Magnusson, P K E
    Pedersen, N L
    Couper, D
    Oostra, B A
    Hofman, A
    Ikram, M A
    Tiemeier, H W
    Uitterlinden, A G
    van Rooij, F J A
    Barroso, I
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research. Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biobank Research.
    Xue, L
    Kaakinen, M
    Milani, L
    Power, C
    Snieder, H
    Stolk, R P
    Baumeister, S E
    Biffar, R
    Gu, F
    Bastardot, F
    Kutalik, Z
    Jacobs, D R
    Forouhi, N G
    Mihailov, E
    Lind, L
    Lindgren, C
    Michaëlsson, K
    Morris, A
    Jensen, M
    Khaw, K-T
    Luben, R N
    Wang, J J
    Männistö, S
    Perälä, M-M
    Kähönen, M
    Lehtimäki, T
    Viikari, J
    Mozaffarian, D
    Mukamal, K
    Psaty, B M
    Döring, A
    Heath, A C
    Montgomery, G W
    Dahmen, N
    Carithers, T
    Tucker, K L
    Ferrucci, L
    Boyd, H A
    Melbye, M
    Treur, J L
    Mellström, D
    Hottenga, J J
    Prokopenko, I
    Tönjes, A
    Deloukas, P
    Kanoni, S
    Lorentzon, M
    Houston, D K
    Liu, Y
    Danesh, J
    Rasheed, A
    Mason, M A
    Zonderman, A B
    Franke, L
    Kristal, B S
    Karjalainen, J
    Reed, D R
    Westra, H-J
    Evans, M K
    Saleheen, D
    Harris, T B
    Dedoussis, G
    Curhan, G
    Stumvoll, M
    Beilby, J
    Pasquale, L R
    Feenstra, B
    Bandinelli, S
    Ordovas, J M
    Chan, A T
    Peters, U
    Ohlsson, C
    Gieger, C
    Martin, N G
    Waldenberger, M
    Siscovick, D S
    Raitakari, O
    Eriksson, J G
    Mitchell, P
    Hunter, D J
    Kraft, P
    Rimm, E B
    Boomsma, D I
    Borecki, I B
    Loos, R J F
    Wareham, N J
    Vollenweider, P
    Caporaso, N
    Grabe, H J
    Neuhouser, M L
    Wolffenbuttel, B H R
    Hu, F B
    Hyppönen, E
    Järvelin, M-R
    Cupples, L A
    Franks, Paul W
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden.
    Ridker, P M
    van Duijn, C M
    Heiss, G
    Metspalu, A
    North, K E
    Ingelsson, E
    Nettleton, J A
    van Dam, R M
    Chasman, D I
    Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption2015In: Molecular Psychiatry, ISSN 1359-4184, E-ISSN 1476-5578, Vol. 20, no 5, p. 647-656Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We conducted a genome-wide (GW) meta-analysis of predominately regular-type coffee consumption (cups per day) among up to 91 462 coffee consumers of European ancestry with top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) followed-up in ~30 062 and 7964 coffee consumers of European and African-American ancestry, respectively. Studies from both stages were combined in a trans-ethnic meta-analysis. Confirmed loci were examined for putative functional and biological relevance. Eight loci, including six novel loci, met GW significance (log10Bayes factor (BF)>5.64) with per-allele effect sizes of 0.03-0.14 cups per day. Six are located in or near genes potentially involved in pharmacokinetics (ABCG2, AHR, POR and CYP1A2) and pharmacodynamics (BDNF and SLC6A4) of caffeine. Two map to GCKR and MLXIPL genes related to metabolic traits but lacking known roles in coffee consumption. Enhancer and promoter histone marks populate the regions of many confirmed loci and several potential regulatory SNPs are highly correlated with the lead SNP of each. SNP alleles near GCKR, MLXIPL, BDNF and CYP1A2 that were associated with higher coffee consumption have previously been associated with smoking initiation, higher adiposity and fasting insulin and glucose but lower blood pressure and favorable lipid, inflammatory and liver enzyme profiles (P<5 × 10(-8)).Our genetic findings among European and African-American adults reinforce the role of caffeine in mediating habitual coffee consumption and may point to molecular mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in pharmacological and health effects of coffee.

  • 47. Couto, E
    et al.
    Boffetta, P
    Lagiou, P
    Ferrari, P
    Buckland, G
    Overvad, K
    Dahm, C C
    Tjønneland, A
    Olsen, A
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Boutron-Ruault, M-C
    Cottet, V
    Trichopoulos, D
    Naska, A
    Benetou, V
    Kaaks, R
    Rohrmann, S
    Boeing, H
    von Ruesten, A
    Panico, S
    Pala, V
    Vineis, P
    Palli, D
    Tumino, R
    May, A
    Peeters, P H
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B
    Büchner, F L
    Lund, E
    Skeie, G
    Engeset, D
    Gonzalez, C A
    Navarro, C
    Rodríguez, L
    Sánchez, M-J
    Amiano, P
    Barricarte, A
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Manjer, J
    Wirfärt, E
    Allen, N E
    Crowe, F
    Khaw, K-T
    Wareham, N
    Moskal, A
    Slimani, N
    Jenab, M
    Romaguera, D
    Mouw, T
    Norat, T
    Riboli, E
    Trichopoulou, A
    Mediterranean dietary pattern and cancer risk in the EPIC cohort.2011In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 104, no 9, p. 1493-1499Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Although several studies have investigated the association of the Mediterranean diet with overall mortality or risk of specific cancers, data on overall cancer risk are sparse.

    METHODS: We examined the association between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and overall cancer risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and nutrition, a multi-centre prospective cohort study including 142,605 men and 335,873. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was examined using a score (range: 0-9) considering the combined intake of fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, cereals, lipids, fish, dairy products, meat products, and alcohol. Association with cancer incidence was assessed through Cox regression modelling, controlling for potential confounders.

    RESULTS: In all, 9669 incident cancers in men and 21,062 in women were identified. A lower overall cancer risk was found among individuals with greater adherence to Mediterranean diet (hazard ratio=0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98) for a two-point increment of the Mediterranean diet score. The apparent inverse association was stronger for smoking-related cancers than for cancers not known to be related to tobacco (P (heterogeneity)=0.008). In all, 4.7% of cancers among men and 2.4% in women would be avoided in this population if study subjects had a greater adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern.

    CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern could reduce overall cancer risk.

  • 48. Cust, A E
    et al.
    Skilton, M R
    van Bakel, M M E
    Halkjaer, J
    Olsen, A
    Agnoli, C
    Psaltopoulou, T
    Buurma, E
    Sonestedt, E
    Chirlaque, M D
    Rinaldi, S
    Tjønneland, A
    Jensen, M K
    Clavel-Chapelon, F
    Boutron-Ruault, M C
    Kaaks, R
    Nöthlings, U
    Chloptsios, Y
    Zylis, D
    Mattiello, A
    Caini, S
    Ocké, M C
    van der Schouw, Y T
    Skeie, G
    Parr, C L
    Molina-Montes, E
    Manjer, J
    Johansson, I
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    McTaggart, A
    Key, T J
    Bingham, S
    Riboli, E
    Slimani, N
    Total dietary carbohydrate, sugar, starch and fibre intakes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.2009In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 63 Suppl 4, p. S37-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dietary carbohydrate intakes and in particular their food sources varied considerably between these 10 European countries. Intakes also varied according to gender and lifestyle factors. These data will form the basis for future aetiological analyses of the role of dietary carbohydrates in influencing health and disease.

  • 49.
    Córdova, Reynalda
    et al.
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Mayén, Ana-Lucia
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Knaze, Viktoria
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Aglago, Elom Kouassivi
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Schalkwijk, Casper
    Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
    Wagner, Karl-Heinz
    Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Overvad, Kim
    Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Kyrø, Cecilie
    Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Katzke, Verena Andrea
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Cornet, Charlotte Le
    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    Schulze, Matthias Bernd
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Birukov, Anna
    Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
    Palli, Domenico
    Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
    Grioni, Sara
    Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    Pasanisi, Fabrizio
    Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
    Catalano, Alberto
    Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
    Sandanger, Torkjel Manning
    Department of Community Medicine, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Gram, Inger Torhild
    Department of Community Medicine, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Skeie, Guri
    Department of Community Medicine, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Crous-Bou, Marta
    Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
    Molina-Montes, Esther
    Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    Amiano, Pilar
    Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
    Colorado-Yohar, Sandra Milena
    Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
    Drake, Isabel
    Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Manjer, Jonas
    Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Esberg, Anders
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology.
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Jenab, Mazda
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Freisling, Heinz
    Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
    Dietary intake of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and cancer risk across more than 20 anatomical sites: A multinational cohort study2022In: Cancer Communications, E-ISSN 2523-3548, Vol. 42, no 10, p. 1041-1045Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 50.
    Dahlin, Anna M
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Van Guelpen, Bethany
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Hultdin, Johan
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical chemistry.
    Johansson, Ingegerd
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Cariology.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research.
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology.
    Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer: a nested case-referent study2008In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 32, no 2, p. 304-314Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this nested case-referent study, we related plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 to the risk of colorectal cancer, taking into consideration prediagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. Subjects were 226 cases and double matched referents from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Follow-up times from recruitment to diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 12.7 years, with a median of 4.2 years. Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of rectal cancer: univariate odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quintile 0.34 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.13-0.83), p(trend) = 0.004. Risk estimates were attenuated slightly but remained statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index, current smoking, recreational and occupational physical activity, alcohol intake and prediagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations: OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.08-0.99), p(trend) = 0.025. The corresponding univariate and fully adjusted odds ratios for colon cancer were 1.25 (CI 0.66-2.36), p(trend) = 0.185 and 1.42 (CI 0.67-3.05), p(trend) = 0.113, respectively. The observed over-risk was attributable to left-sided colon cancer. Interaction analyses including vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine were in line with the results for vitamin B12 alone. In conclusion, these results suggest that increasing levels of plasma vitamin B12, alone or together with other factors involved in one-carbon metabolism, may reduce the risk of rectal cancer, whereas for colon cancer, the association appears to be less clear.

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