This article addresses the problem of increasing transport services that intercontinental corridors demand from the urban infrastructure networks along their routes. Yet, attention has not been paid to the coordination between the transportation potentials of a city infrastructure network located on the path of an intercontinental corridor and the sustainable application of the corridor itself. This article discusses solving this problem by increasing the transportation capacities of the cities on the path of the corridor. With field studies in Chabahar, we observe the situation of its transportation infrastructure network to discover shortcomings and suggest required changes. This paper recommends the necessary changes and improvements in the urban transportation system of Chabahar to have a sustainable intercontinental corridor and an effective urban infrastructure network simultaneously. The research methods used include observation of traffic flow and behavior in travel origins, destinations, and paths in Chabahar. Then, this study builds a mathematical model with a graph technique to calculate the traffic capacities on the nodes and streets and determine places that require changes. Analyses show that 13,420 cars enter just the center of Chabahar city due to the increasing pressure of the Chabahar-Milak corridor. This paper recommends a multi-modal transportation system with an urban public transport network. It also suggests physical and geometric corrections in sight distances and longitudinal curves of streets, sidewalks, and squares. We find urban transportation failures in the city and present a comprehensive transportation plan for its improvement. This model is applicable in all cities on the route of corridors and assists their sustainable function and urban transport system simultaneously.

This research is on planning and managing of the cities for an improved urban life quality and it shows a novelty when it is investigating indicators of the life quality and urban planning outcomes jointly. This paper presumes that the improvement of life quality indicators will progress the urban planning and management outcomes mutually. It reviews the literature to exhibit an overall picture of association between urban planning and urban quality of life. The purpose of the study is to assess the weight scores of the life quality indicators with the use of classic methods. The paper finds various score numbers for the life quality in 26 districts of Maragheh regarding the rate of urban development in each neighborhood and shows how the indicators of the life quality vary values and efficiency in different urban neighborhoods. The results show a positive correlation between the indicators of the life quality and the level of success in urban planning and development. In another word, this study contributes to improve the life quality and urban planning jointly in the underdeveloped cities. The model of life quality-oriented urban planning is applicable in any city similar to the situation of Maragheh city.

Locating transportation logistics centers (TLCs) is significant in organizing and easing the shipment of commodities. By choosing the right place and building a brand TLC, various producers and trade companies will benefit from its services. This paper applies the Euclidean theorem and graph theory to select an optimal place. Because the price of transportation services is an important challenge, this article shows ways to reduce it for the companies that are customers of the TLC. This study hypothesizes that a TLC network standardizes and improves services and reduces prices and after the building of Iranshahr’s TLC, our aim is to synergize and connect it with a network of TLCs. Case studies were carried out on the building of a network of TLCs with four nodes in Coburg, Ashgabat, Iranshahr, and Chabahar. The novelty of this research is in the method used, which studies TLCs in two statuses—separately and with a network. The research includes, simultaneously, TLCs in both developed and developing economies with various socioeconomic formations. The paper analyses, methodologically, the economic behavior of the TLCs in the two situations using a mathematical model. The model uses two Lagrange target functions to prove that the network decreases prices while improving presented services. We found that multimodal cargo transportation by one TLC within a network of TLCs decreases the costs of transportation services and that the TLC network improved economies of scale through knowledge, technology, and experience synergy. The outcomes and model of this study will assist transportation planners and engineers in building and managing a TLC and including it in a network.

Cities located on a path of intercity railroads tend to be in a corridor system to increase com-merce and economic profits. Theoretic and practical work concerning train station locations can be used to provide factors that affect the choice of train station sites. In this paper, we find optimal places to locate train stations according to location theories and particular natural and socioeconomic characteristics. The methods we used are focused on maximising users’ economic profits associated with passenger and cargo transportation by finding optimal stations on the route. Furthermore, we created a general algebraic modelling system (GAMS) with linear planning, which is solvable using a C programming language (CPLEX) interac-tive optimiser. Case studies on 14 stations along the 820 km long Milak-Chabahar corridor helped us to simulate our model and test its feasibility at three alternative times to prove the outcomes. The stations would increase an average profit of 38.6%, 42.94% and 50.85%, but the growth varied in the stations. This research contributes to freight and passenger transportation engineers in railroad design. They benefit from the model to determine the location of a train station to obtain maximum user profits in that station and its surrounding areas.

This article is the result of applied research on the use of potential tourist resources to remove obstacles to the development of tourism marketing and subsequently cause tourism business growth to improve the quality of life in the host communities. The method to achieve this goal is practical and straightforward: First, specific indicators are introduced to measure the rate of destruction/degradation of tourist sites in a period. Then, by referring to the opinions of tourism business experts, official administration managers, and tourists and by using a mathematical model, the financial losses of the tourism business at tourist sites and resulting total economic losses of the tourism business due to the delay in the reconstruction/upgrading of indicators at tourism sites are calculated. A model is developed and simulated for 10 tourist sites in Iran to calculate the damages to 38 indicators in the period of 1978-2019. In the next step, the weaknesses and threats related to Iran's tourism business are discovered to reform the indicators, especially those related to planning, policymaking, and the democratic rights of tourists and the host community and to the necessary infrastructure and provision of decent services. Field studies reveal that the number of visitors to the 10 tourist sites since 2014 has declined on average from 8% to 25% due to the implementation of Sharia law, the violation of democracy, and the lack of necessary infrastructure. The model that this article proposes for economic growth through the development of the tourism business may feasibly be applied to similar tourist site areas.

This paper studies water crisis in Iran. The crisis causes unplanned mass water migrations of people to find water for life. This paper analyzes the consequences of current water supplying procedures that damage the ecosystems, environments and natural water resources. The main question addressed by this paper is the choice between two major waters-supplying policies. The first policy is the environmentally friendly use of new technologies and the second is hazardous use that changes the ecosystems radically. This paper aims at presenting an optimal water supplying policy. The research methods include theoretical studies, field observation, a benchmarking examination and a national hydro-social change balance technique. The outcomes of this paper suggest the promotion of the development of the cities proportional to the volume of accessible water. The protecting and managing the water resources and ecosystems is recommended as well. The suggested water supply policy ends the current degradation process of the water resources. The model of water supplying that this paper presents is feasible for other regions with similar problem everywhere in the world.

This paper reflects the regional/urban planning, design, and building problems. It highlights local differences as important factors in the development process. As demands for new homes and towns increase the proportionality of urban development methods to the local situation must be respected. This in turn requires an increase in the professional regional recognition and practical experiences. This study reviews briefly the past, present and future of the underdevelopment cities. It applies a combination of semi structured interviews, a problem oriented method, POM, a benchmarking method, BM, a linear programming, and techniques of converting qualitative values to quantitative scores to assess the degree of sustainable urban development, SUD. The assessment has been done by introducing of indicators of sustainability, IS. Finally, this paper suggests a systematic program to develop a case study city. The program is useful in the similar cities everywhere.

This paper looks at the disappearance of water resources in the arid regions from an economic development perspective. It discusses the water supply with the help of a subsurface dam in Zahedan city. The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of water shortage parallel to revision in the current distributional trend of population and the built environments. The growing population in dry metropolises is not proportional to the existing water resources and being a key reason hindering the economic development. Methods of this research are a regional hydro-social change balance program and a linear programming to supply the required water for the city and to manage it purposefully. This research conducts a case study to find the reasons of depletion of the regional water resources and to suggest a practical model. The model provides the necessary water while minimizing the major threats and maximizing the investment in the water supply projects. The result of this research encourages the arid regions to plan and construct subsurface dams as a supportive tool to meet the required water resources and consequently the economic development.

Water scarcity and its upcoming consequences threaten hydro-drought-affected cities. Protection and improvement of urban water resources for the sake of resilient and sustainable urban development are necessary. Predicting the trend of hydro-drought in a case study city with statistical data assists in mitigating the threat. Eleven hydro-drought variables contribute to analytical surveys about urban hydro-sustainability from the past to the present and the future. This perusal suggests a mathematical model that predicts the future of urban water resources. It introduces projects to improve the situation of drought-affected cities by maintaining and saving local water resources. The assumption is that water resources conservation projects based on strategic planning will change current failed urban development to a progressive outlook in resiliency.

This study focuses on the importance of knowledge management in the process of development. The goal is to build a regional knowledge network for regional sustainable improvement. The method used in this study stands on two theoretical and experimental balks. The study also provides feasible outcomes by suggesting a model for knowledge-based cities. The model assists regional/urban planners in managing knowledge productions, organizing regional knowledge institutions, and developing cities by utilizing the advantages of the network. Results of this applied research support the creation of knowledge networks in similar cities.

This paper is to study the unauthorized urban neighborhoods, which cause critical multifaceted difficulties. It explores the reasons that have resulted in the unauthorized urban neighborhoods generally and in Chabahar city particularly. This paper has performed a case study to analyze the socioeconomic, spatial, skeletal, and functional effects of the illegal neighborhoods in the Chabahar city with the help of academic methods and field observations. It reviews various theoretical ideas and experiences could assist the rehabilitation and reconstructing of the unauthorized urban districts. It discusses optimal strategic regional/urban revitalization planning procedures to solve the problems in Chabahar. Finally, this paper suggests a renewal/rebuilding possible development program, including eight mother projects. The results of the renewal program will be substituted with the present informal and eroded neighborhoods in the city. The renewal program made progress in both physical features of the city and urban life quality indicators simultaneously. The model suggested by this paper will be feasible in similar regions everywhere.

The aim of this study is to provide urban planning procedures tailored to the needs of disabled people. For this, it analyzes the problems of disabled people, especially physically disabled people, for living in Iran’s cities. It also analyses various planning and design characteristics of buildings in Iranian cities. Research methods of this paper are problem-oriented theoretical studies, case studies, a weighted sum method, and a Benchmarking technique. The methods assist to provide relevant standard indicators and a theoretical framework for the comparison of the cities to an optimal alternative. A case study strategy to gather data for certain comparisons and present a disabled-oriented model of urban planning has been performed. The weighted sum method dedicates quantitative scores and performs the comparison and judgment. Finally, this paper concludes that the cities in Iran are not appropriate to the physical and administrative needs of the disabled. This study finds that buildings in Iranian cities often lack the necessary standards for the needs of the disabled. The outcomes of this research concerning urban planning for disabled people will assist better disabled-oriented urban planning, design, and development everywhere in the world.

This is a research into the assessment of tourism industry quality and programing for its development in Iran. In a tough economic situation, the hypothesis is to grow and develop the national economy with the help of the tourism industry. A unified assessment of tourism industry quality, method is made use of in this study, which is based on the case study of all elements of Iran tourism industry system. Quality assessment by means of unified problems (indicators) that hinder the maximum development of the tourism industry shows the reliability of the hypothesis. SWOT analysis aided to determine the weaknesses and threats aiming at raising the quality of the indicators. In addition, a linear programming from the standpoint of internal and external relations with national economy has been applied. The analysis revealed that the system of the tourism industry is unable to assist the macro economy. The failure corresponds to scarcely favorable natural environmental conditions, capacity for motivating to visitors, tourism marketing, and tourism infrastructures. After remedy actions, prospects for tourism industry development despite the complicated situation are quite favorable due to the advantageous climate, natural characteristics, cultural and ancient heritages, tourism resources, and educated labor. The methods applied by this paper suggest adaptive governance tools suitable to apply for optimization of the tourism industry everywhere similar to Iran.

This paper illustrates needs for revisions on educational land use policy in developing cities. It discusses the importance of educational spaces when they give services to many people and cover considerable areas of cities. It also states that present urban educational sites faced to problems such as lack of lands, disproportionate distribution in views of family needs, not consistent with other urban functions and lack of accessibility. The first aim is to analyze the distribution pattern of existing educational sites across a case study city and to examine an optimal model to redistribute the schools. The ultimate goal is to give a new map on the spatial distribution of educational sites in tune with new urban needs and development. This research uses an integrated spatial equity evaluation method, which is analytic and descriptive. It uses the Moran’s I index to classify and analyze the collected data. This research uses ArcGIS and AHP (analytic hierarchy process) soft wares as well. The contribution of this research to the problem is twofold. One is highlighting the problems of the existing non-optimal distribution of the schools throughout the city. In addition, this paper proves the need for changes in the land use policy and for allocating adequate and suitable lands to educational spaces aiming at optimal schools’ distribution in the developing cities.

This study analyses some characteristics of ancient construction and clarifies how they used renewable energy in their homes. This article analyzes ancient houses that were nature-oriented and used renewable energy. This study focuses on the structural system of ancient houses in Sistan. It dissects the structural elements of the old homes. The autopsy of the ancient house structure of Sistan shows the reader the techniques used in ancient architecture to provide energy. The research methods of this article are to examine the energy supply experiences of houses in the form of a case study of an old Sistan house to discover their energy-supplying techniques. This article uses the techniques used in Sistani houses with the application of modern house-building technologies, to develop a nature-oriented model. In fact, the model presented in this article is a modernized version of the ancient house of Sistan. This model gives a house completely friendly to nature and the environment and knowledge-oriented. The model contributes to housing programs addressing new requirements. Our proposed housing model and its general principles are replicable in other regions globally to use green energy sustainably.

This paper analyzes the interconnection between community place qualification and neighborhood social capital. It conducts four types of analyses concerning twelve communities in the Jinshui district of Zhengzhou City. With a literature review, this innovative paper provides general indicators to assess the relationship between the quality of public spaces and social capital. The innovative feature of this study is when that it localizes indicators with local cognition in analyses. The research methods of this paper are theoretical probes with a case study strategy. A structural equation model (SEM) and a questionnaire technique are employed with 1068 sample respondents. This research benefits from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) in a structural equation model (SEM). The studies include five public places' elements and four social capital factors. The EFA supports reliability, and CFA reveals that environmentally friendly community places affect satisfaction. The model provides more attractive public places and increases social capital. The environmental, humane, and sustainable urban planning and development model brings more public satisfaction and social trust. Bartlett's test of sphericity verifies our structural equation modeling results. The outcomes of this paper assist urban planners and engineers in designing green cities to provide social satisfaction.

The development of urbanization and the transformation of green lands into impermeable land increase temperature and create urban heat islands (UHIs). Our observations with remote sensing instruments of Landsat platforms show considerable changes in land use types in Beijing city with the shrinking of green lands, expansion of built envi-ronments, and a slight increase in the temperature during the recent four decades. Using remote sensing instruments of Landsat platforms and registered data from two meteorological stations in Beijing, this study finds the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and the increasing conversion of cultivated lands into built-up areas. This article presents innovative research that shows the mutual correlation well and recommends revisions in the land use policies for better weather. The geographically weighted regression model (GWR) with a Gaussian weighting kernel function analyzes the impact of various urban land use types on the LST and the increase UHIs. In Beijing city, green lands show fewer standard deviations (SD) in the average temperatures equal to 0.109, while the industrial spaces exhibit a high SD equal to 0.212. The outcomes of this paper contribute to finding optimal land use policies everywhere in the world with the increasing urbanization through simulating its model for a more comfortable life.