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  • 1.
    Abdi, Adel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Birgisson, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science.
    Designing appropriate contracts for achieving efficient winter road and railway maintenance with high performance quality: A survey of the state of practice in Sweden2014In: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, ISSN 1756-669X, E-ISSN 1756-6703, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 399-415Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - For a long time, the winter maintenance of the Swedish road and railway network had been performed in-house by Swedish Transport Administration, Swedish local authorities i.e. municipalities and Stockholm public transport. During the last 15 years the winter operation and maintenance of these state infrastructures have been performed by public procurement and contracting from independent contractors, where in practice the lowest price is the dominating selection criteria. The aim of this paper is to investigate and identify how these contracts are designed and how satisfied the parties are with the contract and the quality of the performed work during the winter and point our directions for improvement. Design/methodology/approach - The study was conducted by a literature review and followed by semi-structured interviews and electronic questionnaire. Findings - The results of the study which are based on the interviews and the online questionnaire show that there is widespread dissatisfaction with the contracts among both clients and contractors. Practical implications - The article prepares a basis showing how a contract affects the quality of the performed winter road and railway maintenance services. Originality/value - The findings lead to a number of suggestions about how to improve the contracts, e.g. having a separate winter maintenance contract to increase the quality of performed winter maintenance measures, a more partnering-like structure where consultations and adjustment can be made during the contract period. A partnering structure also makes it less important to get all the details right in the contract.

  • 2.
    Abdi, Adel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Birgisson, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Effective Winter Highway Maintenance through Applicationof Partnering Concept2013In: International Journal of Engineering Management and Economics (IJEME), ISSN 1756-5154, E-ISSN 1756-5162, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 112-125Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Inmany countries winter road maintenance is outsourced to private contractors. Selecting appropriate contract for performance of winter highway maintenance and implementing it in an efficient way is then very important for both results and costs. Writing contracts concerning winter road maintenance is however difficult as weather conditions are hard to describe in an exact way and as what is rational to do in a certain situation, depends on expected future conditions. Problems during recent harsh winters in Sweden have clearly illustrated this. The study argues, with reference both to theoretical and empirical studies, that a partnering concept can improve efficiency in outsourced winter road maintenance. A detailed model of how partnering can be implemented is presented for winter road maintenance contracts together with systems for information supply such as International Roughness Index –surface unevenness measurement and Road Weather Information System.

  • 3.
    Abdi, Adel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Birgisson, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Payment mechanisms for winter road maintenance services2013In: Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, ISSN 1835-6354, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 18-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In countries with severe winters, a major portion of the annual budget for road maintenance is allocated to winter road maintenance. Thus it is important to identify an appropriate basis for the remuneration of the entrepreneurs who carry out the maintenance tasks, one that minimises or eliminates disputes and that satisfies both client organisations and contractors. The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the payment models applied in Sweden for winter road maintenance services and suggest possible improvements. Inadequate reimbursement models lead either to unnecessary cost overruns that affect the client's annual budget or cause cash flow problems for the contractor, which can result in safety issues. To solve the problems associated with paying for just-in-time road maintenance, cold region countries such as Sweden have developed various remuneration models, including some based on what is known as the Weather Index. The study uses a domestic questionnaire survey, analysis of a number of current contract documents, a series of meetings with project managers followed by an international benchmarking investigation. The study identified four winter maintenance remuneration models of which one is based on weather data. The study reveals that the payment model based on weather data statistics is applied only to roads with higher traffic flow and generates the most uncertainty about costs. Possible improvements should include more reliable weather data obtained from weather stations and bonuses related to customer satisfaction.

  • 4.
    Abdi, Adel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Birgisson, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Public Procurement of Winter Road Maintenance Services Based on EU Procurement Directive: Lessons from Sweden2013In: Journal of Investment and Management, ISSN 2328-7721, Vol. 2, no 4, p. 70-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Public procurement of road maintenance services, particularly in cold regions is not an easy task in order to satisfy road-users during winter. Road-users’ dissatisfaction, complaint and pressure can usually be considered as major factors for having more accessible and safe roads during winter. These pressures have contributed and led to an increasing critical approach focusing on public procurement of these services after some harsh winters in the recent years in Sweden with traffic disruption and delay as consequence i.e. an increasing focus on the way in which the Swedish state authorities and local governments procure winter road maintenance services. The present study which is part of a larger research project investigating efficient winter road maintenance through procurement, tendering and contract aimed at extending this knowledge base with regard to procurement and socioeconomic factors with focus on the winter maintenance of the Swedish road network. The study reveals that even the Swedish winter road maintenance services are procured and outsourced in accordance with EU directive and public procurement rules transposed into the Swedish act on public procurement, the act has been interpreted in a manner that all the process has led to great dissatisfaction of end-users during winter due to improper bundling of winter related services. The lack of economic motivation in current contracts concerning winter road maintenance in the form of incentives has led to an inefficient performance of winter road measures. The study suggests a number of proposals in order to make forthcoming contracts more effective through proper bundling of winter services and create incentives for contractors to improve the performance of winter road maintenance services.

  • 5.
    Abdi, Adel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Birgisson, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Use of Road Weather Information System (RWIS) as Assistive Tool for Effective Winter Road Maintenance: Technical andContractual Interactions2012In: International Journal of Engineering and Technolgy, ISSN 2049-3444, Vol. 2, no 12, p. 2002-2012Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Winter highway operation and maintenance in the northern periphery is a challenge, a broad and complex area. Understanding about this area and its effect on winter traffic performance is far from complete. During the last forty years since Swedish Transport Administration (former Swedish National Road Administration) began attempting of the use of Road Weather Information System -RWIS on the Swedish road network, the repair and maintenance methods of this assistive tool has dramatically changed. Changing of the methods have been due to the progress and development of the technology within this area i.e. from simple stations that could be connected via telephone network for icy road warning to amore sophisticated and modern internet based technology. The main objective of this study was to investigate and find the importance and effectiveness of using weather data collected from RWIS by road agencies as an assistive tool for effective performance of winter road maintenance, and how these tools are currently maintained without influencing the delay of winter road maintenance.The study also attempts to find possible interactions between technical and contractual issues that may affect winter road maintenance. The method of the study was partly based on a theoretical study by reviewing some internationally published articles and reports in this area and furthermore a domestic questionnaire survey, an internationalbenchmarking and a follow-up study within a selected region in Sweden. The results of the study reveal that even if the weather stations are normally placed on roads where the risk of icy roads is greatest, there are indirect factors which influence the planned maintenance of these tools which subsequenly cause delay of winter road maintenance.

  • 6.
    af Klintberg, Tord
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Krav på tillgänglighetsanpassning vid renovering: Ett diskussionsinlägg2016Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 7.
    Ahmadi, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics. University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Strategies in decling housing markets: a comparison of public and private housing companiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Zahra
    et al.
    Gävle.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Sustainable strategies in a declining housing market: a comparative study2018In: International Journal of Management Practice, ISSN 1477-9064, E-ISSN 1741-8143, Vol. 11, no 4, p. 400-421Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is first to examine and compare sustainable strategies within public and private housing companies in declining markets in central Sweden. Then, the study evaluates the impact of new legislation that requires public housing companies to act in a ‘businesslike’ way, in the same way as a long-term private company. A quantitative study was conducted based on a survey sent to 72 housing companies. The results show that public housing companies are more strategy oriented than private housing companies. The results can be viewed as an on-going interaction process, where a company’s strategies affect its profit. The study aims toincrease the understanding of activities within housing companies in adeclining market that engage the companies in sustainable strategies to improve their market knowledge and profit.

  • 9.
    Anund Vogel, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    Att styra allmänningar – en studie av svenska bostadsrättsföreningar2017In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, no 2, p. 55-66Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det är viktigt i ett samhälle att ha institutioner som bidrar till ett effektivt utnyttjande av resurser. Syftet med denna artikel är att granska den svenska bostadsrättsformen utifrån de kriterier som Elinor Ostrom formulerat rörande vad som bidrar till en effektiv förvaltning av en ”allmänning”. Avslutningsvis presenteras också reformförslag som vi bedömer skulle minska problemen i dagens strukturer, problem som främst sammanhänger med att den som startar föreningen och bygger dess hus inte har något långsiktigt ansvar.

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  • 10.
    Anund Vogel, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH.
    Holm, Cyril
    Oxford Univeristy, GBR.
    Incentivising innovation in the construction sector: the role of consulting contracts2019In: Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, ISSN 1835-6354, E-ISSN 1837-9133, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 181-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The issue of whether contracts promote innovation and sustainability is an important but overlooked aspect for achieving energy and environmental targets, as well as for creating smart and sustainable cities. In this article, based on the principle/agent problem and Holmstrom and Milgrom's work on optimal contracts it is argued that the current general conditions of architectural and engineering consulting agreements in Sweden (ABK 09)-a standard type of contract often used in developer/consultant relations-may not incentivize choices that support the long-term goals of society. Furthermore, although this exploratory study specifically analyses a Swedish standard contract, the question of how contractual incentive structures can optimize real-world performance is a general one, and thus the article's findings have general applicability. This exploratory study also points to further research into how contractual structures impact climate-neutral buildings. In this way, Swedish consultants who use ABK 09 are incentivized to include low-risk, well-proven, and widely used technologies in order to minimize risks for themselves. This study contributes to resolving this dilemma by suggesting how ABK 09 could be restructured to change the balance between incentives and risk and incentivize innovation and sustainability. As mentioned above, the current study operates at a theoretical level. It discusses six possible changes that would better align the contract with the societal goals of innovation and sustainability.

  • 11.
    Anund Vogel, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Holm, Cyril
    Univ Oxford, Fac Law, St Cross Bldg,St Cross Rd, Oxford OX1 3UL, England..
    Incentivising innovation in the construction sector: the role of consulting contracts2019In: Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, ISSN 1835-6354, E-ISSN 1837-9133, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 181-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The issue of whether contracts promote innovation and sustainability is an important but overlooked aspect for achieving energy and environmental targets, as well as for creating smart and sustainable cities. In this article, based on the principle/agent problem and Holmstrom and Milgrom's work on optimal contracts it is argued that the current general conditions of architectural and engineering consulting agreements in Sweden (ABK 09)-a standard type of contract often used in developer/consultant relations-may not incentivize choices that support the long-term goals of society. Furthermore, although this exploratory study specifically analyses a Swedish standard contract, the question of how contractual incentive structures can optimize real-world performance is a general one, and thus the article's findings have general applicability. This exploratory study also points to further research into how contractual structures impact climate-neutral buildings. In this way, Swedish consultants who use ABK 09 are incentivized to include low-risk, well-proven, and widely used technologies in order to minimize risks for themselves. This study contributes to resolving this dilemma by suggesting how ABK 09 could be restructured to change the balance between incentives and risk and incentivize innovation and sustainability. As mentioned above, the current study operates at a theoretical level. It discusses six possible changes that would better align the contract with the societal goals of innovation and sustainability.

  • 12.
    Anund Vogel, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lundqvist, Per
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Who is Governing the Commons: Studying Swedish Housing Cooperatives2016In: Housing, Theory and Society, ISSN 1403-6096, E-ISSN 1651-2278, Vol. 33, no 4, p. 424-444Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines current governance structures related to multifamily buildings designed by single actors (developers) and operated in cooperative forms. The study analyses the long-term sustainability of the resource regime of study (multifamily buildings) and inked governance structures by applying Ostrom’s eight design principles for long-term survival of self-organized resource regimes (Common-pool resources or CPR’s). The study also searches for signs of movement towards social innovation and collective action in current governance structures. We argue that the structures governing planning, production and operation of housing cooperatives in Sweden do not fulfil the eight design principles for the long-term survival of the resource regime of study, nor do they encourage movement towards social innovation or collective action. In order to ensure the long-term survival of the resource regime of study and to increase innovation in governance structures, five adjustments are proposed; changes in the structures governing risk/profit distribution, communication, collaboration and information between actors in the Swedish cooperative housing sector.

  • 13.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    How does increased competition on the housing market affect rents?: an empirical study concerning Sweden2004In: Housing Studies, ISSN 0267-3037, E-ISSN 1466-1810, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 107-123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study is to investigate if more competition leads to lower rents on the housing market. Data about the rent level for similar apartments in 30 cities in Sweden were available. Three hypotheses were formulated: (H1) Increased 'internal' competition, measured by the market share of the municipal housing company (that dominates the market and is price-leader according to the Swedish system of rent regulation), leads to lower rents. (H2) Increased 'external' competition measured by the price level on the market for single-family owner occupied housing, leads to lower rents. (H3) Lower capital expenditure in the municipal housing company leads to lower rents. The statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the rent level and the level of external competition, but no relation was found for the level of internal competition and the level of capital expenditure. A possible conclusion is that policies that make it easier for households to leave the rental market are important for increasing the pressure on the firms in the rental sector and reducing rents.

  • 14. Bellman, L.
    et al.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Öhman, P.
    How does education from a high-status university affect professional property appraisers' valuation judgments?2016In: Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, ISSN 1521-4842, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 99-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The repertory grid technique is used to investigate professional property appraisers' thought patterns, and these patterns' complexity, with respect to the universities from which the appraisers graduated. Nearly half of Sweden's 138 authorized property appraisers participated in the study. The results indicate that the appraisers graduating from the university with the longest tradition of property education and ranked highest among the universities offering such education in Sweden have less complex thought patterns than do those graduating from other Swedish universities. This indicates that appraisers graduating from the highest ranked university simplify their valuation judgments more than do other appraisers.

  • 15.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Gebert Persson, Sabine
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Kulander, Maria
    Högskolan i Gävle.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Boende för äldre: En studie av 10 kommuner2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Andelen äldre personer i det svenska samhället ökar. I Sverige finns boendeformer som på olika sätt är anpassade efter äldres behov. Hur utbudet av dessa för äldre individer anpassade boendeformer ser ut och vilken information kommuner ger till äldre kan ses som viktiga för att förstå om äldre väljer att bo kvar eller flytta.  I denna rapport kartläggs hur nuvarande utbud av de tre boendeformerna vård- och omsorgsboende, trygghetsbostäder och seniorbostäder ser ut på bostadsmarknaden vad gäller den äldre befolkningen i tio utvalda kommuner. I rapporten ligger tonvikten på kommunala företrädares uppfattningar och på kommunernas planer. För att få en större förståelse görs jämförelser med siffror från samtliga kommuner hämtade från Boverkets Bostadsmarknadsenkät (2014). Denna rapport är den första delen av en större studie som syftar till att undersöka push- och pullfaktorer som påverkar äldres val av boende. Av kartläggningen framgår att bostadsutbudet i de olika kommunerna skiljer sig åt, där vissa har bostadsöverskott medan andra har bostadsunderskott men där majoriteten av kommunerna erbjuder de tre olika boendeformerna. I storstadsregionen och i de större städerna finns ett utbud av samtliga tre boendeformer medan flera av glesbygdskommunerna saknar trygghetsbostäder. Rådgivning i de flesta kommuner är reaktiv snarare än proaktiv. I rapporten väcks frågan om hur vi ska se på boendet för de äldsta.                      

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  • 16.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik. (CER).
    Gebert Persson, Sabine
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik. (CER).
    Kulander, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Boende för äldre: en studie av 10 kommuner2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Andelen äldre personer i det svenska samhället ökar. I Sverige finns boendeformer som på olika sätt är anpassade efter äldres behov. Hur utbudet av dessa för äldre individer anpassade boendeformer ser ut och vilken information kommuner ger till äldre kan ses som viktiga för att förstå om äldre väljer att bo kvar eller flytta.  I denna rapport kartläggs hur nuvarande utbud av de tre boendeformerna vård- och omsorgsboende, trygghetsbostäder och seniorbostäder ser ut på bostadsmarknaden vad gäller den äldre befolkningen i tio utvalda kommuner. I rapporten ligger tonvikten på kommunala företrädares uppfattningar och på kommunernas planer. För att få en större förståelse görs jämförelser med siffror från samtliga kommuner hämtade från Boverkets Bostadsmarknadsenkät (2014). Denna rapport är den första delen av en större studie som syftar till att undersöka push- och pullfaktorer som påverkar äldres val av boende. Av kartläggningen framgår att bostadsutbudet i de olika kommunerna skiljer sig åt, där vissa har bostadsöverskott medan andra har bostadsunderskott men där majoriteten av kommunerna erbjuder de tre olika boendeformerna. I storstadsregionen och i de större städerna finns ett utbud av samtliga tre boendeformer medan flera av glesbygdskommunerna saknar trygghetsbostäder. Rådgivning i de flesta kommuner är reaktiv snarare än proaktiv. I rapporten väcks frågan om hur vi ska se på boendet för de äldsta.                      

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  • 17.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Business Econ & Law, Ctr Res Econ Relat, Sundsvall, Sweden..
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Valuation standards and methods: are Sweden's (still) different?2019In: Journal of European Real Estate Research, ISSN 1753-9269, E-ISSN 1753-9277, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 79-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the methods and standards of valuation used by Swedish professional property valuers when appraising commercial properties and factors affecting those standards. The study builds on a 2002 comparative study of valuers in four European countries by McParland et al. (2002), but focuses specifically on property valuers in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach In 2010-2011, a questionnaire was used in face-to-face interviews with about half of the authorised property valuers in Sweden. Another questionnaire was emailed to all authorised property valuers in Sweden 2015 and again about half participated. Findings Analysis of the results shows some new trends in used and preferred standards and methods. Although Swedish valuers still rely mainly on local guidelines, they now increasingly use international standards and company guidelines, which may indicate a growing, if indirect, form of internationalisation. Swedish valuers still use discounted cash flow as their primary method, but their use of comparative methods has increased. Originality/value The data in this comparative study of valuation standards and methods over time used were collected from a specific group of property valuers authorised through the professional Swedish organisation Samhallsbyggarna (Swedish Professionals for the Built Environment), which contributes to an insight in the presiding of the harmonisation of valuation methods and standards.

  • 18.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi..
    Valuation standards and methods: Are Sweden’s(still) different?2019In: Journal of European Real Estate Research, ISSN 1753-9269, E-ISSN 1753-9277, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 79-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the methods and standards of valuation used by Swedish professional property valuers when appraising commercial properties and factors affecting those standards. The study builds on a 2002 comparative study of valuers in four European countries by McParland et al. (2002), but focuses specifically on property valuers in Sweden.

    Design/methodology/approach – In 2010-2011, a questionnaire was used in face-to-face interviews with about half of the authorised property valuers in Sweden. Another questionnaire was emailed to all authorised property valuers in Sweden 2015 and again about half participated.

    Findings – Analysis of the results shows some new trends in used and preferred standards and methods. Although Swedish valuers still rely mainly on local guidelines, they now increasingly use international standards and company guidelines, which may indicate a growing, if indirect, form of internationalisation. Swedish valuers still use discounted cash flow as their primary method, but their use of comparative methods has increased.

    Originality/value – The data in this comparative study of valuation standards and methods over time used were collected from a specific group of property valuers authorised through the professional Swedish organisation Samhällsbyggarna (Swedish Professionals for the Built Environment), which contributes to an insight in the presiding of the harmonisation of valuation methods and standards.

  • 19.
    Bellman, Lina
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi..
    Öhman, Peter
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    How Does Education from a High-Status University Affect Professional Property Appraisers' Valuation Judgments?2016In: Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education, ISSN 1521-4842, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 99-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The repertory grid technique is used to investigate professional property appraisers' thought patterns, and these patterns' complexity, with respect to the universities from which the appraisers graduated. Nearly half of Sweden's 138 authorized property appraisers participated in the study. The results indicate that the appraisers graduating from the university with the longest tradition of property education and ranked highest among the universities offering such education in Sweden have less complex thought patterns than do those graduating from other Swedish universities. This indicates that appraisers graduating from the highest ranked university simplify their valuation judgments more than do other appraisers.

  • 20.
    Björk, Folke
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Kling, Rolf
    Larsson, Karl-Eric
    Vattenskador på bostäder – omfattning och kostnader: Slutrapport av ett uppdrag från Boverket2018Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Vattenskadorna kostar försäkringsbolag och fastighetsägare stora belopp varje år. I runda tal sker det varje år vattenskador i en lägenhet av 150 och varje skada kostar i snitt något över 100 000 kr.

    Bland företag med mer än 10 000 lägenheter anser 40% att det är ett stort problem. De mindre företagen bedömer inte att problemen är så stora, vilket kan hänga ihop med att de har bättre kontroll på sina fastigheter.

    Problem finns i alla delar av byggnaden där det finns vatten: badrum, kök, tvättstuga etc.

    Vissa småhusfabrikanter säljer enbart huset och ser VVS- och våtrumsfrågorna som entreprenörernas ansvar. Samordningen blir då lidande och man arbetar inte lika systematiskt som andra med att dra lärdomar och förebygga skador. Det kan sägas att den samordning som kan krävas mellan grundentreprenörer, byggentreprenörer och VVS-entreprenörer vid byggandet av ett småhus är ganska komplicerat. Även om många byggare aktivt arbetar med att förebygga skador, så kan informationsåterföring och koppling mellan drift och byggande förbättras.

    Många av vattenskaderiskerna handlar om detaljlösningar av tätskiktsutförande och utformning av VVS-installationer. Projekteringen kräver kunskaper om dessa lösningar. Här skulle kanske mer utbildning och information i dessa frågor kunna ge bättre lösningar. Vid byggandet finns det inte sällan flera led av underentreprenörer vilket gör att byggherren kan tappa kontrollen över kompetens, engagemang och yrkesskicklighet hos de som verkligen utför våtrum med tätskikt och VVS-installationer. Kanske skulle arbetet med elinstallationer kunna vara ett mönster, med tydliga formella krav på de som utför dessa arbeten.

    Det finns vissa konstruktioner som pekas ut som särskilt riskfyllda, t ex golvbrunnar och särskilt golvbrunnar i hörn och golvrännor. Problem finns även med våtrum utan tröskel eller då trösklar är för låga eller inte tillräckligt täta. Ett problem är att många bostadsrättsköpare av estetiska skäl vill ha inbyggda rör utan att kanske förstå de risker som det innebär.

    En intressant utveckling är att olika former av sensorer kan installeras för att upptäcka läckor tidigt och kopplas till vattenfelsbrytare som kan stänga av vattnet.

    Under förvaltningsskedet bör regelbundna inspektioner göras för att tidigt hitta fel. Här kan enskilda småhusägare och bostadsrättsföreningen behöva hjälp av försäkringsbolag som vet var fel brukar uppstå, t ex att korrosionsskador är relativt vanliga. Kanske särskilt i bostadsrättsföreningar kan sådana inspektioner vara viktiga eftersom den enskilda bostadsrättshavaren inte alltid vet vad denne får och inte får göra.

    Försäkringsbolagen kan även ställa högre krav på att bostadsrättsföreningar har genomarbetade underhållsplaner med förebyggande underhåll på centrala komponenter som kan leda till vattenskador och att underhållsplanerna följs upp. Man kan också kräva att renovering utförs i ”rätt” ordning. Genom att genomföra stambyte innan ytskikt i våtrum renoveras finns en del att spara och det kan ge ett mer vattensäkert resultat.

    När det gäller flerfamiljshus kan branschorganisationerna vara mer aktiva med att samla och sammanställa information som kan leda till att de enskilda fastighetsägarna blir mer vaksamma och vet vad de särskilt ska hålla koll på. Det finns skäl att motivera flerbostadshusförvaltare att registrera och systematisera fakta om vattenskador. Detta skulle medföra bättre kunskaper om vattenskaderisker och vara till hjälp för framtida utformning av krav och rekommendationer. Det skulle också kunna ingå i utbildning för arkitekter, ingenjörer och fastighetstekniker.

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    Vattenskador på bostäder – omfattning och kostnader
  • 21.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    The return of the Swedish slumlord: Analysis of a recent caseIn: International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, ISSN 1753-8270, E-ISSN 1753-8289Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The article tries to explain how long-term mismanagement of a housing estate could arise in a country with a strong legal framework aimed at preventing such situations.

    Approach: Assuming that both tenants and landlord are rational, the article presents a set of hypotheses that is consistent with the information available.

    Findings: It is argued that the tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighboring areas because of a combination of three factors: Rents was paid by different forms of welfare payments, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no-question“ asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owner found this slum-strategy as profitable either because the hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to and because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. Both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.

    Practical and social implications: The Swedish legal framework is to a large extent based on the idea that tenants should take action when there are problems. For several reasons the tenants in the area did not do that and it indicates that a more active role for the local authorities is necessary.Originality: The article focus on an interesting case that most people thought could not occur and tries to explain this within a framework of rational actors.

  • 22.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Hans, Lind
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Framework for Structuring Procurement Contracts2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to propose a new structure for classifying contract types and paymentmethods. Concerning the procurement contract types the first important feature is the stepwisestructure with three main steps in the contract design: (1) should the contract only includeconstruction or both construction and operation/maintenance? (2) Who should do the detaileddesign of the premise? (3) How many contractors should the client use? An important newfeature of the structure is that in both step 2 and step 3 there is a continuum of alternatives.Concerning the payment methods the structure is primarily based on how the project specificrisks are shared.

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  • 23.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Framework for Structuring Procurement Contracts2014In: Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, ISSN 1835-6354, E-ISSN 1837-9133, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 71-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to propose a new framework for structuring contract types and payment methods. Concerning procurement contracts, the first important new feature of this framework is a stepwise structure with three main steps in the contract design: (1) what will be procured—should the contract only include construction, or should it include both construction and operation/maintenance (2) who will do the detailed design of the premise and (3) how many contractors will the client use? The second important new feature of this framework is that both step 2 and step 3 include a continuum of alternatives. Concerning payment methods, the new framework is primarily based on how the specific risks of the project are shared. These frameworks can be useful for policy formulation in that they can help to avoid some problematic ways of formulating policies.

  • 24.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Service-led construction: is it really the future?2010In: Construction Management and Economics, ISSN 0144-6193, E-ISSN 1466-433X, Vol. 28, p. 1145-1153Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Brunes, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Explaining cost overruns in infrastructural projects: A newframework with applications to Sweden2014Report (Other academic)
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    fulltext
  • 26.
    Caesar, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Bäste herren på täppan: En ESO-rapport om bostadsbyggande och kommunala markanvisningar2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Stora delar av den mark som kan användas för bostadsbebyggelse ägs av kommunerna. Hur kommunerna hanterar sina markområden är därför en central bostadspolitisk fråga.

    -      Finns det brister i kommunernas markhantering som begränsar bostadsmarknadens effektivitet?

    -      Vad kan kommunerna göra för att främja konkurrensen bland byggherrarna och förbättra bostadsbyggandet?

  • 27. Elsinga, Marja
    et al.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    The Effect of EU-Legislation on Rental Systems in Sweden and the Netherlands2013In: Housing Studies, ISSN 0267-3037, E-ISSN 1466-1810, Vol. 28, no 7, p. 960-970Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Both Sweden and the Netherlands had housing systems that include broad models of municipal housing (Sweden) or social housing (Netherlands). These broad models, however, came under discussion due to the competition policy of the European Commission. Financial government support - state aid - for public or social housing is considered to create false competition with commercial landlords. The countries chose different ways out of this problem. The Netherlands choose to direct state aid to a specified target group and had to introduce income limits for dwellings owned by housing associations. Sweden instead chose to change the law regulating municipal housing companies and demands that these companies should act in a businesslike way' and with that aims to create a level playing field. This paper will describe why the two countries chose different options, the development during the first years, and also speculate about the consequences on the longer run and the future role of the public/social housing sector in housing and urban policy.

  • 28.
    Eriksson, Per Erik
    et al.
    Luleå University of Technology.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Moral hazard and construction procurement: A conceptual framework2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The first aim of this paper is to clarify the meaning of moral hazard in the context ofconstruction procurement. Two important points are that typically there is a doublemoral hazard problem, as the client also can “misbehave” in a number of ways, andthat both internal moral hazard (within the client and contractor organization) andexternal moral hazard (between client and contractor) must be handled.The second aim of the paper is to give an overview of strategies to reduce the risk ofmoral hazard. Eight different strategies are identified: 1) “the shadow of the future”,promises of future work if effort is high 2) selection mechanism forcontractor/employee, 3) length of contract, length of warranties, 4) level of detail inthe contract, 5) payment systems, 6) monitoring intensity, 7) social norms, and 8)relation specific investments.At the end of the paper a number of questions for future research are identified. Canthe strategies be grouped into an ideal type of hard/formal strategies (with e.g.detailed contracts, more monitoring, and choose the bidder with the lowest price)and soft/informal strategies (with e.g. long term relations and more flexiblecontracts)? How are methods used internally and methods used externally to reducemoral hazard related? What are the differences in these respects between privatesector procurement and public sector procurement methods?

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  • 29.
    Fredrik, Brunes
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Hans, Lind
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Policies to avoid cost overruns:Critical evaluation and recommendations2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Many infrastructural projects have cost overruns and there has been a lot of research both on whythese cost overruns occur and what can be done to reduce cost overruns. Bent Flyvbjerg is the leadingresearcher in the area and in this article his proposals are also the starting point. Beside a literaturereview a questionnaire was also sent out to experienced Swedish project managers to find out whatthey thought could reduce cost overruns. This has been the foundation for the proposals formulated inthis article. Proposals concerns three areas 1. Organizational macro-structure, e.g. using more PPPprojectsbut also decentralization of budgets where cost-overruns in one project in a region leads toless other projects in the specific region. 2. Organizational quality: It should be easy to see when andwhere cost overruns occur and who was responsible. There should be an well-developed knowledgemanagement system in the organization and an organization culture of openness and a focus onimprovements. 3. Organizational processes, e.g. a systematic use of external reviewers in differentstages of a project.

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  • 30.
    Gebert Persson, Sabine
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik. (CER).
    Bellman, Lina
    Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för humanvetenskap, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik. (CER).
    Kulander, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Vad påverkar äldres val av boendeform: Slutrapport2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med projektet har varit att belysa vilka push- respektive pullfaktorer som inverkar på äldres val av boende. För att få en förståelse för den kontext som kan påverka push- och pullfaktorer undersöktes även kommuners utbud av och information om bostäder för äldre. Utbudet av och information om seniorbostäder, trygghetsbostäder och vård- och omsorgsboende skiljer sig mellan kommuner och en samstämmighet kring synen på bostadsformer saknas. Detta återspeglas även i den kunskap som finns bland 55-84 åringar kring olika bostadsformer. Det finns vissa skillnader i hur pull- och push- faktorer påverkar vid olika åldrar men skillnaderna var mindre än förväntat.

  • 31.
    Grahn, Sara
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Karrbom Gustavsson, Tina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Project Communication.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Wikforss, Örjan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Project Communication.
    Byggsektorns förmågor2011Report (Other academic)
  • 32. Granqvist, R.
    et al.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    The deadweight loss of income taxes - Have economists really measured what is relevant?2000In: Ekonomiska samfundets tidskrift, ISSN 0013-3183, E-ISSN 2323-1378, Vol. 53, no 1, p. 71-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [de]

    The concept deadweight loss, or excess burden, is central in economists' analysis of the effects of income taxes on the allocation of resources. The normal, definition of this concept can be questioned since it does not refer to the real change in the allocation, but to the hypothetical change that would occur if the individuals were compensated. An alternative definition is suggested, according to which the relevant measure is the uncompensated elasticity, i.e. the sum of the substitution and the income effects. Since this elasticity typically is smaller than the compensated, i.e. the substitution effect, which is the normal definition of deadweight loss, it can be argued that normal measurements overestimate the deadweight loss of income taxes.

  • 33.
    Gustafsson, Christina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lundström, Stellan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Fastighetsvärdering: då, nu och i framtiden2019 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Boken ska ge de som utför eller tar del av fastighetsvärderingar en inblick i hur utvecklingen av synsätt och metoder varit för fastighetsvärdering sedan 1940-talet. Tanken är den vanliga vid historieskrivningar: Vad kan vi lära oss av historien när vi försöker blicka framåt?Värderingsbranschen förser samhället med beslutsunderlag för olika aktiviteter på fastighets- och byggmarknaderna. En titt tillbaka i tiden visar hur nya teorier och ny information tillsammans med teknikutveckling och entreprenörskap förändrar en hel bransch. De som nu funderar över hur en digitaliserad omvärld kan bidra till att skapa nya former av beslutsunderlag finner att steget från 1950-talets arronderingstal till nutidens algoritmer är mera semantiskt än innehållsmässigt.Denna bok om utvecklingen av fastighetsvärdering i Sverige har möjliggjorts genom en donation från Svenskt fastighetsindex SFI ekonomisk förening till KTH:s avdelning för bygg- och fastighetsekonomi vid institutionen för fastigheter och byggande inom ABE-skolan.

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  • 34.
    Hellström, Anders
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Underhållsstrategier: Nya synsätt och metoder för underhåll av offentliga byggnader2006Book (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Hou, Yongzhou
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Risk allocation on the housing market: a comparision between Sweden and ChinaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Hungria-Garcia, Rosane
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Karlsson, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Property yields as tools for valuation and analysis2004Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This project was started in order to get an overview of conceptual problems, measurement problems, theories of determinants of yields, the use of yields in different contexts and how the actors on the Swedish market looked upon yields. Important issues discussed in the report is the need for:

    - Conceptual clarity: A number of different yield terms exist on the market and it is very important to be clear about how the specific terms are defined.

    - Operational clarity: There are measurement problems both concerning rental incomes, operating and maintenance costs and property values. This means that reported yields can be “manipulated” by choosing suitable operationalisations and pushing estimations of uncertain factors in directions that are favourable to the actor in question.

    - Specify the purpose for which the yield should be used. The most important distinction is between using yields/income returns for valuation purposes and using yields as benchmarks or bubble indicators. In the first case various types of normalization of the net operating income can be rational. In the second case it is important that the figure reflects “actual” incomes and costs, and that the concept is standardized and in such a way that the room for manipulation is small.

    - A clear view about how yields/income returns should develop according to different theories, e.g how the relate to the real return on other investments, inflation levels, risks and expectations about the development of the net operating income. Theories can always be questioned but they give a framework that are helpful in getting a perspective on what is happening on a specific market, and evaluate e.g. if property prices develop in a way that could be a bubble on the market.

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  • 37.
    Högberg, Lovisa
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Business, Economics and Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH .
    af Klintberg, Tord
    KTH.
    Björk, Folke
    KTH.
    Knivstamodellen BoKvar för renovering av bostäder: Hur man kan få en vettig avvägning mellan insatser och hyreshöjning2016Report (Other academic)
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    Knivstamodellen BoKvar för renovering av bostäder
  • 38.
    Högberg, Lovisa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Grange, Kristina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.
    Incentives for improving energy efficiency when renovating large-scale housing estates: A Case Study of the Swedish Million Homes Programme2009In: Sustainability, ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 1, no 4, p. 1349-1365Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has adopted ambitious energy savings objectives for buildings, but at the current rate of energy efficiency investments the objectives are unlikely to be reached. In this article we report the early findings of how real estate owners reason and act in energy efficiency investment decisions. Based on the results from interviews with the real estate companies, the companies have been divided into four ideal types that illuminate the differences in energy efficiency ambition and strategies; the Strict Profit Maximizing Company, the Little Extra Company, the Policy Led Ambitious Company and the Administration Led Ambitious Company. The different strategies will determine how the companies respond to incentives to invest in energy efficiency, and affect the overall result in the energy efficiency work. The ideal types hence are important to have in mind when designing policies to increase energy efficiency.

  • 39.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Cars, Göran
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Nya regler för ökat bostadsbyggande och bättre infrastruktur2013Book (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Planning and Land Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Compulsory Purchase - Reasonable and Fair Compensation: An Experimental Study2007In: Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research, ISSN 1459-5877, E-ISSN 2341-6599, Vol. 4, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish law provides that compensation for compulsory purchase – in some cases – shall be decided according to the following general principle: The compensation should correspond to the price that could have been expected if it had been a "normal voluntary transaction". However, in those specific situations where compulsory purchase applies, there is always a lack of empirical data of price levels in voluntary agreements. In this article we enlighten the problem through bargaining experiments with buyers and sellers. We provide experimental evidence from Sweden indicating that the price level – or the profit-sharing between buyer and seller – depends on the context and what is judged to be reasonable principles of fair distribution.

  • 41.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Plan- och byggprocessen. Tidsåtgång och kostnader.2001In: Plan- och byggprocessens längd, Stockholm: Riksdagens Revisorer, Rapport nr. 2001/02:RR8 , 2001Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Planning and Land Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Public Land Leasing for Housing Purposes in Sweden: Motives, effects and currrent trends2005In: A Review of Public Land Leasing System and its Feasibility in Korea: An Impulse in the Provision of Affordable Housing, Seoul: Housing & Urban Research Institute , 2005Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Valuing Easements: Some Experimental Evidence1999In: Journal of Real Estate Research, ISSN 0896-5803, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 491-502Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Trefzger and Munneke (1998) present a theoretical model, where the surplus that an easement gives rise to will be split equally between the parties. We provide experimental evidence from Sweden indicating that the split of the surplus depends on the context and what is judged to be reasonable principles of a fair distribution. The dominant estates got a significantly higher share of the surplus because they could start the bargaining with a bid that only included compensation for cost, whereas the servient estate could not find any principle that would give them the whole surplus. After these initial asymmetric bids, the parties usually met halfway.

  • 44.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Planning and Land Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lundström, Stellan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    En flexibel och effektiv bostadsmarknad - problem och åtgärder2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Föreliggande rapport är den tredje och avslutande i ett uppdrag från Tillväxtverket (Nutek) till KTHs institution för Fastigheter och byggande. Ett parallellt uppdrag har gått till Institutet för Bostadsforskning vid Uppsala universitet. Den grundläggande frågan har rört hur bostadsmarknaden och bostadsbyggandet i storstadsregionerna kan utvecklas.

    I rapporten sammanfattas tio års forskning om bostadsmarknadens roll och funktion inkluderat hur nya bostäder kan tillskapas och hur beståndet kan utnyttjas effektivare. Våra observationer och rekommendationer baseras på såväl empiri som teori. De förändringar i regelverk och synsätt som presenteras och diskuteras utgår från bostadskonsumenten och den bostadskarriär som varje hushåll gör.

    Vår målgrupp är politiker och andra aktörer på bostadsmarknaden. De ska förhoppningsvis finna att rapporten ger nya uppslag och underlag för en intressant och konstruktiv debatt. De slutsatser som dras är våra egna.

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  • 45.
    Kalbro, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Planning and Land Law.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lundström, Stellan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    En flexibel och effektiv bostadsmarknad till stöd för regional tillväxt2011In: Storstäder och tillväxt: Om storstadsregioners roll, betydelse och utmaningar för hållbar ekonomisk utveckling / [ed] Jörgen Lindell, Uppsala: Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University , 2011, p. 175-194Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Kulander, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, Avdelningen för ekonomi, Nationalekonomi..
    Gebert-Persson, Sabine
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Bellman, Lina
    Mid Sweden University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi..
    Does the choice of living depend on where you live?2019In: Book of proceedings: 8th Malmö Real Estate Research Conference / [ed] Peter Palm, Malmö: Department of Urban Studies, Malmö University , 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For many years, it has been policy in Sweden to help elderly people remain in their current homes for as long as possible. Earlier research has been performed in the USA (Gibler and Clements III, 2011) and in China (Jia and Heath, 2016), but these questions remain understudied in Sweden. Kulander (2018) showed a model of the demand for adapted houses that was designed and tested on data gathered in Gävle in 2012. The method uses a binary choice model with stated preference data. In this article, we would like to test this model on a more general basis to see whether the result is the same no matter if the respondents live in an urban or rural area. An argument is that urban areas have a higher population density and thus higher taxes, higher demands on property and greater spread in the demography. This could be set in relation to the more rural areas characterized by low population density where the younger generation move to urban areas where the jobs are, which in turn creates supply of properties higher than the demand. In order to capture the pattern of the life cycle in housing, data for this paper has been gathered in Stockholm, Vallentuna, Uppsala, Sundsvall, Vansbro, Sollefteå, Torsby, Ragunda and Överkalix during 2015. From 7000 questionnaires that has been sent responses from about 40 % persons was received. Data indicate a difference between rural and urban areas as expected.

  • 47.
    Kulander, Maria
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, Ämnesavdelningen för nationalekonomi. Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lind, Hans
    Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lundström, Stellan
    Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hur skulle hyresmarknaden för bostäder i Stockholm påverkas av friare hyressättning?2008Report (Other academic)
  • 48.
    Kulander, Maria
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Lundström, Stellan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Hur skulle hyresmarknaden för bostäder i Stockholm påverkas av friare hyressättning?2008Report (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    A Human Rights based approach to Housing Policy:A critical and normative analysis2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The first part of the article is a critical evaluation of the arguments in Rory Hearne’s“Realising the right to the city – a a human right based framework for regeneration of areasof urban disadvantage.” In the second part of the articles three current Swedish cases areanalyzed from a normative perspective to illustrate how a rights based approach can beimplemented in a better way.Design/methodology/approach: The article uses an analytical/philosophical approach.Findings: Hearne includes both “means” and “ends” among the rights, and it is argued thatthe rights should only be formulated in terms of ends. In the Swedish cases the commonfeature is that tenants are living in rent‐regulated apartments with low rent and thensomething happens that withdraws this opportunity. It is argued that society is alwayschanging and no one has an unconditional right to continue to live in the same way asbefore. The main rights should be formulated in terms of access to “reasonable” alternativesand as right to a time to adjust to the new situation.Practical/social implications: How one looks at the rights in the situations described will bethe foundation for the type of legal rules that should be implemented.Originality/value: The article shows a human rights based approach could be implemented ina more convincing way a number of specific housing situations.

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  • 50.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    A Monstrous Hybrid: A comment on Brett Christophers´ interpretation of Swedish housing policy2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this comment it is argued that Christophers´ misunderstands the nature of the post warhousing model in Sweden. This was actually a market friendly model where rent and priceregulations were seen as something temporary and that an increase in supply was the mostimportant policy. It is further argued that it is a mistake to describe the development inrecent decades as a move towards a neo‐liberal model. Even if there are no state subsidies,there still is a municipal planning monopoly that reduce the supply of land. Municipalitieshave become more and more restrictive towards new construction, and a combination ofNIMBY‐arguments and environmental demands have especially reduced the number ofhousing projects targeting households with lower incomes.

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    fulltext
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