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  • 1.
    Fislage, Marcus
    et al.
    VIB VUB Ctr Struct Biol, Brussels, Belgium;Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10027 USA;Vrije Univ Brussel, Struct Biol Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
    Zhang, Jingji
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi. Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
    Brown, Zuben Patrick
    Osaka Univ, Inst Prot Res, Lab Prot Synth & Express, Osaka, Japan;Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
    Mandava, Chandra Sekhar
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Molekylärbiologi.
    Sanyal, Suparna
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Molekylärbiologi.
    Ehrenberg, Måns
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Molekylärbiologi.
    Frank, Joachim
    Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA;Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
    Cryo-EM shows stages of initial codon selection on the ribosome by aa-tRNA in ternary complex with GTP and the GTPase-deficient EF-Tu(H84A)2018Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research, ISSN 0305-1048, E-ISSN 1362-4962, Vol. 46, nr 11, s. 5861-5874Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The GTPase EF-Tu in ternary complex with GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) promotes rapid and accurate delivery of cognate aa-tRNAs to the ribosomal A site. Here we used cryo-EM to study the molecular origins of the accuracy of ribosome-aided recognition of a cognate ternary complex and the accuracy-amplifying role of themonitoring bases A1492, A1493 and G530 of the 16S rRNA. We used the GTPase-deficient EF-Tu variant H84A with native GTP, rather than non-cleavable GTP analogues, to trap a near-cognate ternary complex in high-resolution ribosomal complexes of varying codon-recognition accuracy. We found that ribosome complexes trapped by GTPase-deficicent ternary complex due to the presence of EF-TuH84A or non-cleavable GTP analogues have very similar structures. We further discuss speed and accuracy of initial aa-tRNA selection in terms of conformational changes of aa-tRNA and stepwise activation of the monitoring bases at the decoding center of the ribosome.

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  • 2.
    Johansson, Magnus
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Zhang, Jingji
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Ehrenberg, Måns
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Genetic code translation displays a linear trade-off between efficiency and accuracy of tRNA selection2012Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 109, nr 1, s. 131-136Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid and accurate translation of the genetic code into protein is fundamental to life. Yet due to lack of a suitable assay, little is known about the accuracy-determining parameters and their correlation with translational speed. Here, we develop such an assay, based on Mg(2+) concentration changes, to determine maximal accuracy limits for a complete set of single-mismatch codon-anticodon interactions. We found a simple, linear trade-off between efficiency of cognate codon reading and accuracy of tRNA selection. The maximal accuracy was highest for the second codon position and lowest for the third. The results rationalize the existence of proofreading in code reading and have implications for the understanding of tRNA modifications, as well as of translation error-modulating ribosomal mutations and antibiotics. Finally, the results bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro translation and allow us to calibrate our test tube conditions to represent the environment inside the living cell.

  • 3.
    Zhang, Jingji
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Accuracy of mRNA Translation in Bacterial Protein Synthesis2015Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Reading of messenger RNA (mRNA) by aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) on the ribosomes in the bacterial cell occurs with high accuracy. It follows from the physical chemistry of enzymatic reactions that there must be a trade-off between rate and accuracy of initial tRNA selection in protein synthesis: when the current accuracy, the A-value, approaches its maximal possible value, the d-value, the kinetic efficiency of the reaction approaches zero. We have used an in vitro system for mRNA translation with purified E. coli components to estimate the d- and A-values by which aa-tRNAs discriminate between their cognate and near cognate codons displayed in the ribosomal A site. In the case of tRNALys, we verified the prediction of a linear trade-off between kinetic efficiency of cognate codon reading and the accuracy of codon selection. These experiments have been extended to a larger set of tRNAs, including tRNAPhe, tRNAGlu, tRNAHis, tRNACys, tRNAAsp and tRNATyr, and linear efficiency-accuracy trade-off was observed in all cases. Similar to tRNALys, tRNAPhe discriminated with higher accuracy against a particular mismatch in the second than in the first codon position. Remarkably high d-values were observed for tRNAGlu discrimination against a C-C mismatch in the first codon position (70 000) and for tRNAPhe discrimination against an A-G mismatch in the second codon position (79 000). At the same time, we have found a remarkably small d-value (200) for tRNAGlu misreading G in the middle position of the codon (U-G mismatch).

    Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce large codon reading errors by tRNAs. We have studied the mechanism of aminoglycoside action and found that the drug stabilized aminoacyl-tRNA in a codon selective in relation to a codon non-selective state. This greatly enhanced the probability of near cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs to successfully transcend the initial selection step of the translating ribosome. We showed that Mg2+ ions, in contrast, favour codon non-selective states and thus induce errors in a principally different way than aminoglycosides. 

    We also designed experiments to estimate the overall accuracy of peptide bond formation with, including initial selection accuracy and proofreading of tRNAs after GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu. Our experiments have now made it possible to calibrate the accuracy of tRNA selection in the test tube to that in the living cells. We will now also be able to investigate the degree to which the accuracy of tRNA selection has been optimized for maximal fitness.  

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  • 4.
    Zhang, Jingji
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Enhanced proofreading attenuates initial selection error hot spots in genetic code translation by transfer RNAsManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    A system for cell free protein synthesis with E. coli components of high purity was used in conjunction with fast kinetics quench-flow measurements to characterize the accuracy of peptie bond formation by ribosomes with initiator tRNAfMet in P site and different codons in the A site. We used Glu-tRNAGlu, Lys-tRNALys and Phe-tRNAPhe in ternary complexes with EF-Tu and GTP to select ribosomes programmed with their respective cognate codons in competition with ribosomes containing near-cognate codons. Variation of the free Mg2+ concentration in the in vitro buffer system was used to calibrate its accuracy to that of codon selection by Glu-tRNAGlu in living E. coli cells, previously estimated from the residual activity of a beta-galactosidase mutant in which the codon for an essential Glu had been altered to near cognate codons. At 2.3 mM free Mg2+ concentration, the accuracy in the living cell agreed with that in the test tube, a feature making our biochemistry directly relevant to bacterial physiology. We found that the total accuracy of tRNA selection varied by five orders of magnitude depending on the type of tRNA, type of mismatch and mismatched codon position. We partitioned the total accuracy into initial selection of ternary complex before GTP hydrolysis on EF-Tu and proofreading selection of aminoacyl-tRNA after GTP hydrolysis. We found the contribution of proofreading to be strongly positively correlated with the accuracy of initial selection in its high range. As initial selection decreased further the proofreading contribution to accuracy increased, rather than decreased, a feature neutralizing potentially disastrous missense error hot spots associated with, in particular, tRNAGlu.    

  • 5.
    Zhang, Jingji
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    On the mechanism of translation error induction by aminoglycoside antibioticsManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    We used a cell-free system with pure Escherichia coli components to study how the aminoglycosides disrupt initial codon selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs in ternary complex with elongation factor Tu and GTP by messenger RNA-programmed ribosomes. We take the advantage of the universal rate-accuracy trade-off for all enzymatic selections to determine how the efficiency of initial codon readings decreased linearly toward zero as the accuracy of discrimination against near cognate and wobble codon readings increased toward the maximal asymptote, the effective d value. It turns out two ribosome bound states of ternary complex. First, one codon non-selective step, Mg2+ ions shift the equilibrium from free to ribosome bound ternary complex meaning that the equilibrium between the two ribosome bound complexes is unaltered. Second, codon selective step, aminoglycosides shift the equilibrium from codon non-selective to codon selective complex meaning that the equilibrium between the free and the codon non-selective state is unchanged.

  • 6.
    Zhang, Jingji
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Ieong, Ka-Weng
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Johansson, Magnus
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi. Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Beräknings- och systembiologi.
    Ehrenberg, Måns
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Accuracy of initial codon selection by aminoacyl-tRNAs on the mRNA-programmed bacterial ribosome2015Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 112, nr 31, s. 9602-9607Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We used a cell-free system with pure Escherichia coli components to study initial codon selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs in ternary complex with elongation factor Tu and GTP on messenger RNA-programmed ribosomes. We took advantage of the universal rate-accuracy trade-off for all enzymatic selections to determine how the efficiency of initial codon readings decreased linearly toward zero as the accuracy of discrimination against near-cognate and wobble codon readings increased toward the maximal asymptote, the d value. We report data on the rate-accuracy variation for 7 cognate, 7 wobble, and 56 near-cognate codon readings comprising about 15% of the genetic code. Their d values varied about 400-fold in the 200-80,000 range depending on type of mismatch, mismatch position in the codon, and tRNA isoacceptor type. We identified error hot spots (d = 200) for U:G misreading in second and U:U or G:A misreading in third codon position by His-tRNA(His) and, as also seen in vivo, Glu-tRNA(Glu). We suggest that the proofreading mechanism has evolved to attenuate error hot spots in initial selection such as those found here.

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  • 7.
    Zhang, Jingji
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Ieong, Ka-Weng
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Mellenius, Harriet
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Ehrenberg, Måns
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
    Proofreading neutralizes potential error hotspots in genetic code translation by transfer RNAs2016Ingår i: RNA: A publication of the RNA Society, ISSN 1355-8382, E-ISSN 1469-9001, Vol. 22, nr 6, s. 896-904Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The ribosome uses initial and proofreading selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs for accurate protein synthesis. Anomalously high initial misreading in vitro of near-cognate codons by tRNAHis and tRNAGlu suggested potential error hotspots in protein synthesis, but in vivo data suggested their partial neutralization. To clarify the role of proofreading in this error reduction, we varied the Mg2+ ion concentration to calibrate the total accuracy of our cell-free system to that in the living Escherichia coli cell. We found the total accuracy of tRNA selection in our system to vary by five orders of magnitude depending on tRNA identity, type of mismatch, and mismatched codon position. Proofreading and initial selection were positively correlated at high, but uncorrelated at low initial selection, suggesting hyperactivated proofreading as a means to neutralize potentially disastrous initial selection errors.

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