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  • 1.
    Alm, Jens
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Levin, Lena
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Cykling – en integrerad del i ett framtida transportsystem som bidrar till en hållbar samhällsutveckling: resultat från enkätstudie och workshop2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport redogörs för resultat från en genomförbarhetsstudie, innefattande dels en enkätstudie, dels en workshop. Syftet har varit att identifiera vilka frågor som i ett svenskt utvecklingsarbete behöver prioriteras, integreras och samordnas av olika aktörer ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, för att skapa underlag och förslag på strategiskt initiativ kring det utvecklingsarbete som Trafikverket och Cykelcentrum gemensamt koordinerar. 

    Enkäten riktade sig till olika svenska aktörer, i form av experter som representerar olika nyckelområden rörande främjande av cykling, så som forskare, planerare på kommunal och regional nivå, statliga myndigheter samt intressenter från bland annat Svenska Turistföreningen, Nationella cykelrådet, Cykelfrämjandet, Svenska Cykelstäder och Svensk Cykling. Analysen baseras dels på de fasta svarsalternativen, dels på de öppna kommentarerna som följde frågorna. 

    Resultaten visar på en rad olika aspekter där arbetet med att främja cykling kan och bör förbättras och utvecklas mot det gemensamma målet för en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Övergripande visar resultaten på en diskrepans mellan mål och utförande. Det kan till exempel handla om upplevda brister för samordning och samverkan på och mellan olika nivåer (nationell, regional och lokal), finansiering och kunskap. Respondenter uttrycker också att bilen fortfarande är norm, vilket försvårar arbetet med främjandet av cykling. För främjande av cykling behöver förändringar ske med ökad prioritering av cykel genom exempelvis förändringar i regler/föreskrifter och i infrastrukturen. För detta krävs dock, enligt respondenterna, ökad finansiering samt förbättringar avseende statistik och mätmetoder. En ytterligare relaterad faktor är bättre samordning och samverkan mellan olika aktörer, på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå. 

    Fem områden har identifierats som särskilt viktiga för fortsatt forskning: 

    • nationell samordning och den nationella cykelstrategin 

    • data, samhällsekonomiska analyser och mätmetoder 

    • arbete och ansvar för barn och ungas cykling till och från skolan 

    • kombinerat resande mellan cykel och kollektivtrafik 

    • cykling och innovation.

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  • 2.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users.
    Andersson, Jeanette
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Environment.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Swärdh, Jan-Erik
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Transport economics.
    Bondemark, Anders
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Transport economics.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Sörensen, Gunilla
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic Safety and Traffic System.
    Peters, Björn
    Ekblad, Johan
    Jpe Konsult AB.
    Regeringsuppdrag synfält: utredning om förutsättningar för undantag från de medicinska kraven för individer med synfältsbortfall2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I regeringsuppdraget (I2021/ 02412) framgår att VTI, i samarbete med Trafikverket och Transportstyrelsen, ska utreda förutsättningarna för undantagshantering från de medicinska föreskrifterna med avseende på synfältsbortfall (B-körkort). Vidare ska tre aspekter beaktas: hur andra länder gör, konsekvenser för den enskilde samt samhällsekonomiska konsekvenser. Slutrapporten påvisar att Sverige med gällande rättsligt ramverk inte kan genomföra de förslag som slutrapporten föreslår. Det innebär att det kommer att krävas juridiska förändringar. Givet att dessa förändringar genomförs och att ett nytt förfaringssätt nyttjas visar slutrapporten på att a) positiva effekter för den enskilde individen uppstår, b) samhällsekonomiska vinster uppstår och c) en rättssäker och rättvis prövning är möjlig. 

    Slutrapporten redovisar dessutom hur ett urval av andra länder har hanterat handläggningen av individer med synfältsbortfall givet samma EU-direktiv som Sverige regleras av. Det framgår också av undersökningen att samtliga länder, som en förutsättning för undantag från de föreskrivna kraven avseende synfält, tillämpar krav eller rekommendationer om att ett praktiskt körprov ska utgöra del i underlaget för bedömning av körförmågan. 

    Kunskapsläget med avseende på körförmågebedömningar för individer med synfältsbortfall redovisas och där framgår med tydlighet att perimetrin som Sverige utnyttjar som underlag för återkallelse av körkort inte kan predicera individers körförmåga. Perimetrin är dock viktig eftersom individer med synfältsbortfall som grupp kan vara olämpliga förare. Slutsatsen som forskningslitteraturen enstämmigt lyfter är att det behövs förarprov (på väg eller i en simulator) för att kunna genomföra en valid bedömning. 

    Slutligen innehåller slutrapporten vilka problem (aktiviteter) som kvarstår för att skapa en lämplig och kvalitetssäkrad process. Dessutom presenteras den kronologiska ordning på aktiviteter som behöver genomföras. Kronologin krävs eftersom resultatet av lämplig metod och aktör påverkar det vidare arbetet med avseende på utformning av körprov och rättsligt ramverk. 

    Slutrapportens slutsats är att Sverige har möjligheten att genomföra en förändring med avsevärda nyttor. Detta eftersom de valda aktörerna och de valda metoderna existerar idag och därför endast behöver utvecklas i viss mån för att säkerställa att individer med synfältsbortfall erbjuds en kvalitetssäkrad, rättssäker och rättvis process som dessutom bedöms vara samhällsekonomiskt lönsam.

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  • 3.
    Anund, Anna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Ahlström, Christer
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Forsberg, Inger
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Räfflor i mitten av körfältet: ett försök i Skaulo2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim with the study was to evaluate the effects on road user behavior when using milled rumble strips in the centre of the lane on a road 6.5 meters wide. The evaluation included measurements of speed and lateral position. Measurements were done before and after milling, and focus group interviews were perfomed with motorcyclists and truck drivers after realisation. The results of the measurements of speed and lateral position showed that milled rumble strips in the middle of the lane do not affect car drivers. A slight increase in the standard deviation of the lateral position for passenger cars may be noted. Truck drivers were affected slightly more: significantly lower speed was detected as well as that trucks moved closer to the road centre, and the standard deviation of lateral position increased. This is not what the drivers themselves report to experience. They say that their choice of speed is unchanged. All in all truck drivers were negative to the rumble strips in the centre of the lane. One argument was that they disturbe the "line" during the drive and make it difficult to choose the placement they want to have. Truck drivers do not believe that they, in case of falling asleep, (in contrary to expectations) would have time enough to act in order to aviod a crash, since the roads are too narrow. Also the motorcyclists are negative to the centre lane location of rumble strips. They agree, however, that rumble strips in the centre of the road and in the roadside are postitive in terms of traffic safety.

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  • 4.
    Anund, Anna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Trafikanternas uppfattning om frästa räfflor i mitten på 2-fältsväg: fokusgrupper med motorcyklister och pendlare samt vägkantsintervjuer2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The number of crashes caused by driver sleepiness or driver distraction is high. Rumble strips (milled) could be an alternative countermeasure on narrow roads where fences are not possible to be used. The Swedish Road Administration has initiated an evaluation of the effects of the use of milled rumble strips in the road centre on narrow roads. The evaluation includes crash studies, measurements of speed and lateral position in traffic flow and the drivers' opinions about the measure. This study focuses on the drivers' opinions. Discussions within focus groups with motorcyclist and commuters have been performed, but also road side interviews with 360 drivers at spots along roads where rumble strips are used. The results from the discussions within focus groups indicate that rumble strips are not a problem for either the motorcyclists or the commuters, taking into account both traffic safety aspects and accessibility. The motorcyclists do not seem to be influenced at all, in opposite to commuters who discussed the influence on speed and lateral position. The results from the road side interviews show that the majority (85%) do not think they reduce speed because of rumble strips. The majority of the drivers (58%) said that they do not change the distance to the centre of the road because of the rumble strips. In conclusion 90% of the drivers reported that they thought that the rumble strips will contribute to increased traffic safety. From the drivers' point of view we recommend further use of rumble strips in the centre of the road on roads with a lane width of around 9 meters.

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  • 5.
    Bjørnskau, Torkel
    et al.
    Transportøkonomisk institutt, Oslo.
    Assum, Terje
    Transportøkonomisk institutt, Oslo.
    Eriksson, Louise
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Hrelja, Robert
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Personvern og ITS-baserte trafikksikkerhetstiltak: en studie av streknings-ATK, automatisk fartstilpasning (ISA) og atferdsregistrator (EDR)2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [no]

    Nye ITS-baserte trafikksikkerhetstiltak som kan brukes til å registrere og regulere uønsket atferd i trafikken, har et stort potensial for å øke trafikksikkerheten. Men de kan komme i konflikt med personvernet. Streknings-ATK og EDR har klare implikasjoner for personvernet og at ISA kan ha det om data fra ISA-systemet lagres. Konsekvensene for personvernet er tolket ulikt i Norge og Sverige. Prøvedrift med streknings-ATK på flere strekninger er startet opp i Norge, men i Sverige er dette ikke aktuelt pga. hensynet til personvern. I begge land installeres ISA i offentlige tjenestebiler. EDR har fått liten oppmerksomhet i begge land. Bileierne er overveiende positive til både streknings-ATK og ISA. Jo større forståelsen for at fart er en risikofaktor, desto større er aksepten for slike fartsregulerende tiltak. Bileierne er mest skeptiske til atferdsregistratorer som i dag er lite kjent. Atferdsregistratorer, som ?event data recorder? eller ?black box?, er imidlertid i ferd med å bli svært vanlige i moderne biler ? og stadig mer data fra kjøretøyene lagres. Bileiere bør derfor i større grad få informasjon om dette og tilgang til de data som registreres.

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  • 6.
    Bjørnskau, Torkel
    et al.
    Transportøkonomisk institutt, Oslo.
    Assum, Terje
    Transportøkonomisk institutt, Oslo.
    Eriksson, Louise
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Hrelja, Robert
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Personvern og ITS-baserte trafikksikkerhetstiltak: en studie av streknings-ATK, automatisk fartstilpasning (ISA) og atferdsregistrator (EDR)2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [no]

    Nye ITS-baserte trafikksikkerhetstiltak som kan brukes til å registrere og regulere uønsket atferd i trafikken, har et stort potensial for å øke trafikksikkerheten. Men de kan komme i konflikt med personvernet. Streknings-ATK og EDR har klare implikasjoner for personvernet og at ISA kan ha det om data fra ISA-systemet lagres. Konsekvensene for personvernet er tolket ulikt i Norge og Sverige. Prøvedrift med streknings-ATK på flere strekninger er startet opp i Norge, men i Sverige er dette ikke aktuelt pga. hensynet til personvern. I begge land installeres ISA i offentlige tjenestebiler. EDR har fått liten oppmerksomhet i begge land. Bileierne er overveiende positive til både streknings-ATK og ISA. Jo større forståelsen for at fart er en risikofaktor, desto større er aksepten for slike fartsregulerende tiltak. Bileierne er mest skeptiske til atferdsregistratorer som i dag er lite kjent. Atferdsregistratorer, som ?event data recorder? eller ?black box?, er imidlertid i ferd med å bli svært vanlige i moderne biler ? og stadig mer data fra kjøretøyene lagres. Bileiere bør derfor i større grad få informasjon om dette og tilgang til de data som registreres.

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  • 7.
    Engström, Inger
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Ungdomars uppfattningar av trafiksäkra förare och förarutbildningens utformning2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    An interview study was carried out with a phenomenographic approach, aimed at finding the variation of experience of a specific phenomenon. The prime objective was to find the variations of perceptions between young people who are learning to drive, and those who have recently acquired driving licences regarding what characterises a safe driver. The second objective was to find variations in perceptions as to how driving instruction should be organised. The third objective was to make a comparison between the perceptions of the two groups. In all, 37 interviews were carried out: 19 with 17 year-olds who held provisional driving licences, and 18 with 18 year-olds who held full driving licences. The interviews were of semi-structured character; all those interviewed were asked the same initial questions but after that the interviews were adapted to each respective respondent's replies. The result showed four joint categories of description for the groups as regards their perceptions of what a safe driver is; manoeuvring, obeying the law, adaptation and experience. Additionally, the 17 year-olds had self-awareness and the 18 year-olds had self-confidence, concentration and commitment. One interpretation of the difference is that the 18 year-olds have undergone driving instruction and have therefore thought more about what driving a car involves, how to behave on the road, etc. There were two joint categories as regards perceptions of how driving instruction should be formulated; flexibility and professional instructors. Additionally, with the 17 year-olds there were experience and order, and with the 18 year-olds the categories of risk-awareness, lifelong learning and sequence. The 17 year-olds primarily discussed the form of the instruction while the 18 year-olds were more focused on the content of the instruction in combination with its form. The 18 year-olds attached importance to individual responsibility, as regards both the arrangement of the instruction and the actual learning process for becoming a safe driver.

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  • 8.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Lövgren, Anna
    Anund, Anna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Elkehag, Kerstin
    Elm, Charlotta
    Gustafson, Pamela
    Åkerberg, Pia
    Säkerhet och trygghet i samband med skolskjuts: ur barnens perspektiv2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    School transportation should be safe, secure and accessible for all children entitled to such transportation, regardless of any disability. On a daily basis, 440,000 children utilise school transportation, several thousands of them having some sort of disability. Laws, rules and regulations concerning school transportation do not take the children's perspective into account. Moreover, they do not explicitly define where and when a school transport actually starts and ends. For these reasons, more knowledge was needed in order to fully understand why school transportation incidents take place. The aim of the project was thus to describe and understand children's (with and without disabilities) thoughts and experiences concerning safety and security in school transportation, from a "door-to-door" perspective. The number of individuals affected by school transportation incidents is, luckily, limited in relative terms, and quantitative methods do not fully catch the reasons behind children's involvement in these incidents. Instead, qualitative approaches have been applied, gaining a rich and deeper insight into the problems studied. In order to get as broad and full picture as possible, the project was divided into four subprojects: 1. Focus groups with children, drivers, staff and parents. 2. Interviews with children suffering from neuropsychiatric disabilities. 3. Interviews with children involved in school transportation incidents. 4. Field observations and interviews with children who are in extensive need for technical aids.

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  • 9.
    Forsberg, Inger
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Anund, Anna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Ullberg, Martin
    Vectura.
    Svensson, Helena
    Vectura.
    Det nya hastighetssystemet: fokusgruppsintervjuer på landsbygd och i tätort2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The rules governing the regulation of driving speed in Sweden have been in force since 1971 outside the urban area, and since 1955 in urban areas. In order to better adapt the speed limits to the current situation and in accordance with the Vision Zero, the Parliament decided in 2007 to introduce a more flexible speed limit system with ten steps (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 km/h). The purpose of the new speed limit was that it would be perceived as more logical than before. This should in itself increase its acceptance among road users. If all road users respect the speed limits then approximately 150 lives would be saved each year. In addition to saving lives, a reduction in speed would reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by about 700 000 tonnes. Work to review and implement the new speed limits began in 2008 and will affect about 20 000 km of roads. The present study aimed to elicit the views of different road user groups and residents along the roads using a qualitative approach. The study was conducted in rural and urban areas where the new speed limits had been implemented. Questions were: 'What is the experience of the new speed limits?' 'Is there a difference of opinion between road users in rural and urban areas?' and 'Is there a difference of opinion between road user groups?' Two focus groups were conducted with residents in rural areas. The first focused on vulnerable road users and the other on the situation of the residents. In an urban area three focus groups were used that discussed a speed limit reduction from 50 to 40 km/h. The focus groups involved vulnerable road users, bus drivers and taxi drivers.

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  • 10.
    Forsman, Åsa
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic Safety and Traffic System.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    NTF.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Utvärdering av alkolås efter rattfylleri: Sammanfattande slutrapport2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Since January 1, 2012, there is a permanent alcohol interlock program for drink driving offenders in Sweden. The Swedish Transport Agency is responsible for the program. The interlock program has been evaluated in three studies: a register-based study, a questionnaire study, and an interview study. This final report summarizes results and conclusions from all three studies.

    The aim of the evaluation was to estimate the participation rate, but also to increase the understanding of why one chooses or does not choose to participate and to study the individual's experience of the program. The results from the studies show that:

    • The participation rate of the program was about 30 percent.
    • Both participants and non-participants in the interlock program experienced an improved health when they were asked a while after the drink driving offence and they also reported areduced alcohol consumption.
    • The largest barrier to increase the participation rate in the program is the cost, but there arealso other reasons that prevent drivers to apply.
    • Many participants experienced shortcomings in the information from the Transport Agency,both regarding the application process and regarding the mandatory parts of the program.
    • About 31 percent of the participants in the two-year program had the diagnosis alcohol abuseor alcohol dependence.
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  • 11.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Antonson, Hans
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Forsberg, Inger
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Thoresson, Karin
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Tjänstemännen och trafiksäkerheten i kommunerna: föreställningar, roller och beslut2008Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze the attitude of local government officials to traffic safety and to their roles in the decisions being made with regard to traffic safety measures. The purpose is also to give an overall picture of the decision-making processes in connection with specific traffic safety measures in two municipal authorities. The study has been divided into two parts. The first part was an interview study in which twenty local government officials in eleven municipal authorities were subject to in-depth interviews. The second part consists of case studies of the planning and decision-making processes with regard to traffic safety matters in two municipal authorities, where the source material in each case consists of written documentation.

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  • 12.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Gregersen, Nils Petter
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Stave, Christina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Mopedungdomars trafiksäkerhet: föräldrars ansvar och engagemang2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the importance of parents in young moped riders’ behaviour in traffic. The study consists of three parts; a literature review, a survey and an interview study. In the survey, 440 parents of teenagers (who had passed their test for mopeds) participated. In the interview study, 10 of the parents who took part in the survey were interviewed. The results from the literature review show that parents play an important role in young people’s perceptions, attitudes, norms, and behaviours associated with moped driving. Parents can also get involved in different ways to help in improving their teenagers’ knowledge and behaviour in traffic. In general, the review show that parents need support in order to be able to take control, and they also need support from other parents. The main results of the survey show that parents have great faith in the teenager when it comes to their knowledge and behaviour in traffic. In general, the results show that moped driving is not a topic being discussed very much. Some parents have implemented restrictions and the most common ones are related to alcohol and the usage of a helmet. In this study, less than ten percent wanted some form of support from others. Those who need help do not to the same extent as the others, believe that their teenager behave properly in traffic and they also believe that they are more influenced by social media. The study also found that the perception of boys and girls differ. Girls are considered to be safer on the roads but despite this, they have more restrictions placed on them than boys. Even if women value the teen’s knowledge and behaviour in traffic higher than men, they also have imposed more restrictions. In the family, women are talking more about risks in traffic than men are. The results from the interview study show that very few parents are in need of support when it comes to their children’s moped use. More detailed analyses of the interviews, however, reveals that parents would appreciate various forms of assistance, such as written information, training and/or information sessions as well as Internet-based parental forums. Implications of the current finding for the development of methods to increase parental commitment and engagement are presented.

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  • 13.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Loukopoulos, Peter
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Sörensen, Gunilla
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Utlandsföddas trafiksäkerhet2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish traffic accident statistics have previously shown that involvement in accidents differs for people born in Sweden and people born abroad. The main aim of this report is to further illuminate this area through the use of four different studies. The introductory study is a literature review examining ethnicity and different aspects of traffic safety, focussing primarily on speed, accidents, use of seatbelts, alcohol and vulnerable road users. The term ethnicity was defined in different ways in the literature, if it was defined at all, and the term ethnic minorities was used as a collective term. The ways those terms are used complicate comparisons. Nevertheless, certain conclusions could be drawn. For example, the traffic behaviour of immigrants bore the imprint of the traffic norms prevalent in the country in which they grew up. Cultural values, the importance of language and socio-economical factors are dimensions of interest with regard to measures that can improve the traffic safety of immigrants living in Sweden. The second study identified the risk of a traffic accident for people who are born abroad but registered residents of Sweden. The results show that if the population is divided into nine zones, based on the country of birth, there are groups both with a higher risk of accidents than the Swedish-born and groups with a lower risk. Thus, immigrants should not be viewed as a homogeneous group. Furthermore, large parts of the differences can be explained by exposure, education, age and gender, through the use of logistical regression. In the third study a survey based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict the intention to speed, use seatbelt and use child restraints. The results show that previous behaviour and the perception of how others behave in traffic were the variables that best explained the intent to break speed regulations. This survey also indicates differences between groups, where the intent to use the seatbelt and protect children in the car was lower amongst some of the immigrants, while the intent to respect the speed limit was lower among the Swedish-born. The results of the survey could thus not unequivocally explain why certain groups identified by the accident analysis ran greater risks. In the fourth study interviews were carried out with seven men born in Iran but residing in Sweden. The subjects discussed were driving, speeding, alcohol and seatbelt use. The results showed that they experienced cultural differences in attitudes and behaviour in traffic, but that these differences gradually faded away. They showed zero tolerance when it came to drinking and driving. However, when it came to speeding and the use of seatbelts this was seen as unacceptable only in some contexts. Based on the compiled results recommendations are given, detailing specific actions that may increase the level of traffic safety among immigrants living in Sweden.

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  • 14.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Hedström, Ragnar
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Infrastructure, Infrastructure maintenance.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Sörensen, Gunilla
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic Safety and Traffic System.
    Bolling, Anne
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle technology and simulation.
    Säkerhet och arbetsmiljö vid väg- och spårarbeten: implementeringsprocessen av nytt regelverk och dess effekter2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was, through the use of interviews, case studies, and a reference group meeting to describe and analyze the implementation process of new and revised regulations. This applies to both road and track in their administrative and operational activities within the Swedish Transport Administration and their contractors. The aim was also to analyze the effects the new and revised regulations had on roles and responsibilities but also their own and others' safety. For work on the road, new rules and regulations were established, which became effective as of 1st of January 2013. With regard to rail, a number of measures were implemented in 2011 to improve safety that included changed rules for work on and beside the tracks.

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  • 15.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Hedström, Ragnar
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Drift och underhåll, DOU.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Sörensen, Gunilla
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Trafiksäkerhet och trafiksystem, TST.
    Bolling, Anne
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Fordonsteknik och simulering, FTS.
    Säkerhet och arbetsmiljö vid väg- och spårarbeten: implementeringsprocessen av nytt regelverk och dess effekter2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was, through the use of interviews, case studies, and a reference group meeting to describe and analyze the implementation process of new and revised regulations. This applies to both road and track in their administrative and operational activities within the Swedish Transport Administration and their contractors. The aim was also to analyze the effects the new and revised regulations had on roles and responsibilities but also their own and others' safety. For work on the road, new rules and regulations were established, which became effective as of 1st of January 2013. With regard to rail, a number of measures were implemented in 2011 to improve safety that included changed rules for work on and beside the tracks.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 16.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Forsman, Åsa
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic Safety and Traffic System.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Motorcyklister – utbildning, erfarenhet, syn på risk och olycksinblandning2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The general aim of this study was to help in improving road safety for motorcyclists by examining their experience and educational backgrounds of those who have been seriously injured. Another purpose was to investigate the reason why accidents occur and motorcyclists' risk perception. The study included four sub-studies: register study, questionnaire study and two interview studies. In the register study and the survey injured motorcyclists was compared with a control group. The results from the register study showed that about 80 percent of the injured drivers had a valid license. Compared with the control group, the injury group was more likely to have failed their theoretical test. The survey showed that the most common accidents were single accidents and that about one-fifth were wholly or partly to blame for the accident. According to the interview with injured motorcyclists who also were to blame, accidents were due to inattention and that the driver's behaviour was misinterpreted. 

    The results from the regression analysis showed that 55 percent of the variables included in the Theory of Planned Behaviour explained their intention to speed. Questions based on the T-Locus of Control showed that the most likely cause of an accident is the behaviour of other drivers. This was true regardless of whether they were responsible for the accident or not. 

    The conclusion is that education cannot be linked to accident involvement, however, it was possible to establish that speeding can be linked to violations. The latter support the need for a range of educational initiatives. At the same time, it is important to emphasize that education must be of high quality and be student-centred, i.e., based on the student's previous experiences whilst at the same time challenge already established beliefs. The study concludes with a series of recommendations to increase motorcyclists' road safety.

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  • 17.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Barns skolresor – ett föräldraperspektiv2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det övergripande syftet var att undersöka föräldrars vanor och inställning till transporter i samband med skolresor, årskurs 1–6. Studiens resultat baserades på en enkät och fokus i enkäten låg på det aktiva resandet men också resor med bil. 

    Resultaten visade att majoriteten av barnen hade en resa på högst 2 km till skolan och det vanligaste färdsättet var gång eller cykel. Majoriteten av föräldrar som skjutsade sina barn med bil till skolan hade ett avstånd till skolan som översteg 5 km. Den sociala normen var starkt kopplat till föräldrarnas val av transporter Detta gällde framför allt de som lät barnet gå eller cykla till skolan men även de som skjutsade barnen. 

    Resultaten visade också att föräldrar som skjutsade sina barn då avståndet var 5 eller 2 km till skolan skiljde sig från de som promenerade eller cyklade med avseende på attityden till resandet. 

    Föräldrarna som skjutsade barnen till skolan hade en mera negativ attityd till att resa aktivt jämfört med de som redan reste på detta sätt. De instämde i högre grad än andra med att en resa med gång eller cykel skulle innebära omständliga förberedelser. De skjutsande föräldrarna tyckte också att det skulle vara svårare att låta barnen gå eller cykla. Däremot fanns det en medvetenhet om att barn som reser aktivt får en bättre hälsa samt att det hjälper dem att koncentrera sig i skolan. Detta var något som gällde oavsett hur de själva lät barnet resa till skolan. 

    Resultaten visade även att det fanns en koppling mellan val av färdmedel och vana, vilka vanligtvis är svåra att ändra på. Trots detta svarade föräldrar som alltid skjutsade barnet till skolan att deras närstående skulle kunna få dem att ändra sina vanor. 

    Oron för att barnen skulle utsättas för en försämrad luftkvalitet i skolans närhet, i samband med att föräldrar lämnade och hämtade barnen med bil, var inte särskilt utbredd. De flesta undvek att lämna motorn på tomgång, men en mindre andel av föräldrarna, ca 15 procent, lät bilen gå på tomgång i samband med lämning/hämtning. Lite under hälften av föräldrarna parkerade en bit bort, men detta verkade inte bero på en oro för exponering av luftföroreningar, snarare att det var svårt att finna en lämplig plats att stanna på. 

    Flera konkreta förslag på förbättringar av infrastrukturen i skolans närhet delgavs i kommentarer i enkätens slut. Där lyftes även problematiken med miljön i skolans närområde, med stressade bilister och en farlig trafikmiljö, och man efterlyste olika lösningar för att göra denna miljö mer trygg och säker. 

    För att möjliggöra att så många elever som möjligt ska kunna gå eller cykla till skolan, krävs en ökad medvetenhet om behovet av fysisk aktivitet och på vilket sätt barnen påverkas av luftföroreningar. Därutöver kan föräldrar behöva hjälp med att övervinna eventuella hinder. Det behövs även ökat fokus på säkrare och tryggare vägar till skolan. 

    Resultaten visar en potential att påverka gruppen som alltid skjutsar barnen att låta dem ta sig på skolan på något annat sätt. Samtidigt kommer det att finnas kvar situationer då föräldrar behöver skjutsa barnen till skolan, varför utrymmena vid skolan eller i närheten bör vara utformade så att trängsel och mindre trafiksäkra situationer undviks.

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  • 18.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Berg, Jessica
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Utvärdering av en ny obligatorisk riskutbildning för motorcyklister2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    On 1 November 2009 a new risk education program for all students learning to ride a motorbike was introduced in order to enhance their perception of risk. The training is both theoretical and practical. The aim of the study is to evaluate if motorcyclists' perception of risk changed as a consequence of the new training program. The study used a internet survey and two different groups were compared: motorcyclist learner drivers who had completed their training before the implementation of the new program and those who had completed their training after the 1st of November 2009. In the study 1,472 people participated (before study=541; after study=931). The mean age was 30 years and the proportion of women was 20 procent. The results showed relatively small changes in the motorcyclists' attitudes, norms and intentions before and after the new training program. However, the difference was mainly in the "right" direction which indicated a greater understanding of risk. Some negative changes were also observed but most frequently amongst the youngest age group (16-20 years old). These negative changes were related to their perception of speeding, alcohol, fatigue and of their own ability to drive a motorbike if compared with other motorcyclists. In conclusion, the results suggest that further research in this area is needed which looks at the effect of training but also the content and how training is being conducted with regard to methods used and how specific groups are being targeted. Implications of the current findings for the development of educational programs for motorcyclists are discussed.

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  • 19.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Forsberg, Inger
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Effekten av de nya reglerna för AM-behörighet (moped klass I): en för- och efterstudie2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A Class I moped license (AM) to drive a Class I moped (“EU moped”), that included a practical and theoretical course, was introduced on 1 October 2009. The aim of this study was perform a before and after study in order to assess the effects of this new driver training course. The survey was based on two theories: the theory of planned behaviour and the prototype willingness model. A further aim of this study was to describe the way in which young people regard risks and the factors that affect their actions. The participants in this study were 15-–24 years of age; 901 in the before study and 946 in the after study. The results indicated fairly small differences before and after the new regulation. The attitude towards driving at a speed of 65 km/h in an urban area showed that people in the after study were less inclined to believe that their friends would drive at a speed of 65 km/h in an urban area, and that they did not feel as safe at a speed of 65 km/h as at 45 km/h. The significant differences noted for statements linked to the alcohol scenario were that mopedists in the follow-up study were less concerned about being stopped by the police or having a traffic accident. From a traffic safety viewpoint, the results were less favourable in this case. Overall, the new AM training programme was well received – the young people considered it positive, and ment that they had learned a lot. What they had learned consisted primarily of traffic rules and regulations. The results from the prototype willingness model showed that respondents who wanted to speed or drink and drive were more likely than others to consider that such persons were cool, confident and clever. A model which was based on the two theories was tested. The results indicated that the model explained 52 per cent of their willingness to exceed speed limits and 19 per cent of their readiness to ride home from the party.

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  • 20.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Lindgren, Hanna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Transport economics.
    Stave, Christina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Driver and vehicle.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Effekterna av begränsat antal handledarskap: en utvärdering2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Formerly, a private driving tutor could have an unlimited number of approvals, but new regulations limit the number to 15. The overall purpose of this study is to determine whether this limit on the number of approvals for practice driving a private tutor can have has had any effect on unlawful driving school operations. Another important aim is to offer suggestions for alternative measures to curtail such activity in the driver’s training field. We have taken three approaches to addressing these issues, i.e.: a register study, an interview study, and a survey study. The results of the interview study indicate that, regarding illegal driving school activities, a host of services are available for purchase: falsified tutoring permits, private driving instructions, written examinations filmed on site and that others can access, help to pass the theoretical test by providing the correct answers via an earpiece and booking the appointment for a driving test. According to the interviewees, the most common is to offer private driving tutoring in return for payment. Opinions vary as to the scope of such unlawful activities from minor to extremely extensive in scope. However, the results of the survey study offer indications that relatively extensive unlawful activities are taking place. As to whether the regulations had a positive or negative impact on the unlawful driving school activities, the interviewees were in relative agreement that the regulations had no effect whatsoever. The argument was that those currently engaged in the illegal driving schools, or at any rate the more serious offenders, are sophisticated enough that they would surely circumvent these regulations. Despite this some of them wanted further reductions, even though they did not believe that this reduction would suffice. For them it was important to clearly demonstrate that it is a private instruction and no a professional activity. In general terms, the study identified deficiencies in the current driving licence system that could undermine confidence that Swedish driving licences have been obtained legally. The report ends with 16 different measures which could curtail unlawful activity. This means that no single measure will solve the problem by itself.

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  • 21.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Körkort med villkor automatväxellåda: finns det skäl och möjligheter att underlätta körkortsprocessen?2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall purpose of the present study is to investigate whether there are reasons for making it easier for driver trainers, both during their education and when taking the test, to use a car with automatic transmission. The study aims to answer two questions: 1) Can learning to drive become easier with an automatic transmission and at the same time provide the same training in traffic safety as when driving a car with a manual transmission? 2) Can a shorter driver training time due to automatic transmission have a negative impact, or can a reduced focus on handling the car increase the focus on other factors related to traffic safety? Several methods have been used to achieve the purpose of this study.

    Firstly, a literature review presents studies that examined the importance of automatic transmission during driver training and when taking the test. The same overview also includes a statistical accident analysis that compares automated cars with cars using a manual transmission. Thereafter, an interview study is presented, involving four traffic instructors and a survey of 34 traffic instructors on their view of training to drive with a car which have an automatic transmission. Finally, a survey was conducted including 949 people aged 18 to 25 who had just received drivers licence.

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  • 22.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Körkort med villkor automatväxellåda: finns det skäl och möjligheter att underlätta körkortsprocessen?2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall purpose of the present study is to investigate whether there are reasons for making it easier for driver trainers, both during their education and when taking the test, to use a car with automatic transmission. The study aims to answer two questions: 1) Can learning to drive become easier with an automatic transmission and at the same time provide the same training in traffic safety as when driving a car with a manual transmission? 2) Can a shorter driver training time due to automatic transmission have a negative impact, or can a reduced focus on handling the car increase the focus on other factors related to traffic safety? Several methods have been used to achieve the purpose of this study.

    Firstly, a literature review presents studies that examined the importance of automatic transmission during driver training and when taking the test. The same overview also includes a statistical accident analysis that compares automated cars with cars using a manual transmission. Thereafter, an interview study is presented, involving four traffic instructors and a survey of 34 traffic instructors on their view of training to drive with a car which have an automatic transmission. Finally, a survey was conducted including 949 people aged 18 to 25 who had just received drivers licence.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 23.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Forsberg, Inger
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nordström, Mattias
    Sweco.
    Wallmark, Cecilia
    Sweco.
    Wiberg, Erik
    Vätgas Sverige.
    Wolf, Sven
    Inflow Consulting AB.
    Förnybara drivmedel: möjligheter och hinder sett utifrån privatbilisters och aktörers perspektiv2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This project included three different studies with a view to providing an in-depth understanding of user needs and attitudes to alternative fuels and vehicles, such as: battery electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles and cars using biogas. In addition the studies also examine attitudes to cars in general and climate change as well as exploring likely prospects for such cars in the future. The studies used three different methods; focus group, survey and interviews. The focus groups included six people, the survey 487 randomly selected road users and the interview study nine different stakeholders from government agencies, industry, branch organizations and the media. The results show that when purchasing a car safety and reliability are more important than the emission of CO2. The perception of cars powered by alternative fuels (electric, fuel cell, biogas), does not differ markedly. The price people are willing to pay for such a car is significantly lower than what these cars cost at present. In general, it could be argued that consumers want a car powered by alternative fuels to be similar or better than, a conventional car. The interview study also shows that politicians have an important role to play in the development of alternative fuels and the related infrastructure. According to the interviewees, the biggest challenge is not the technology, but rather how to provide an infrastructure for these vehicles. The industry is an important player who is willing to invest if the business can be profitable. Long-term is a keyword and is mentioned both in terms of policy instruments and information dissemination. In the latter case, since studies show that there are large gaps in the overall knowledge and understanding by the general public as well as considerable distrust of information presently available. Finally, the results also shows the need for a holistic approach where the focus is not only on fuel, but also on the development of attractive and accessible cities which reduce transport demand and provide for increased transport efficiency.

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  • 24.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Forsberg, Inger
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Nordström, Mattias
    Sweco, Sweden.
    Wallmark, Cecilia
    Sweco, Sweden.
    Wiberg, Erik
    Vätgas Sverige.
    Wolf, Sven
    Inflow Consulting AB.
    Förnybara drivmedel: möjligheter och hinder sett utifrån privatbilisters och aktörers perspektiv2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This project included three different studies with a view to providing an in-depth understanding of user needs and attitudes to alternative fuels and vehicles, such as: battery electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles and cars using biogas. In addition the studies also examine attitudes to cars in general and climate change as well as exploring likely prospects for such cars in the future. The studies used three different methods; focus group, survey and interviews. The focus groups included six people, the survey 487 randomly selected road users and the interview study nine different stakeholders from government agencies, industry, branch organizations and the media. The results show that when purchasing a car safety and reliability are more important than the emission of CO2. The perception of cars powered by alternative fuels (electric, fuel cell, biogas), does not differ markedly. The price people are willing to pay for such a car is significantly lower than what these cars cost at present. In general, it could be argued that consumers want a car powered by alternative fuels to be similar or better than, a conventional car. The interview study also shows that politicians have an important role to play in the development of alternative fuels and the related infrastructure. According to the interviewees, the biggest challenge is not the technology, but rather how to provide an infrastructure for these vehicles. The industry is an important player who is willing to invest if the business can be profitable. Long-term is a keyword and is mentioned both in terms of policy instruments and information dissemination. In the latter case, since studies show that there are large gaps in the overall knowledge and understanding by the general public as well as considerable distrust of information presently available. Finally, the results also shows the need for a holistic approach where the focus is not only on fuel, but also on the development of attractive and accessible cities which reduce transport demand and provide for increased transport efficiency.

  • 25.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    NTF.
    Gregersen, Nils Petter
    NTF.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Den svenska förarutbildningen: dagsläge och framtidsutsikter2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this study is to provide a deep and broad understanding of current practice of driver training. Based on the results of four in-depth studies, the project attempts to identify the need for improvement. Furthermore, and in order to improve driver training some essential actions will be presented. Several methods have been used to achieve this aim. The report starts with a literature review looking at various aspects which can influence young driver trainer’s ability to drive safely but also literature looking at deficiencies and needs for change. The following chapter presents accident statistics which includes current data on young drivers’ accident involvement and how this has changed in recent years. That is followed by a summary of statistics on driving license tests and retests. The project also includes an interview study in which eleven professionals were interviewed (politicians, government officials, researchers and representatives of driving schools and race tracks). The purpose of this study was to discuss their views on the current driver training in Sweden but also their own suggestions for change. Two surveys were then carried out. The first was aimed at new drivers of different ages about their driver training and the other was aimed at driving instructors. The general conclusion of this study is that the general discussion of driver training focuses too much on time and cost rather than quality which does not favour traffic safety. The recommendation is therefore that there is a need for a more fundamental change of driver training. To realise this, some of the teaching methods used need to be improved. These methods can then be applied to “risk education” and to the more general driver training. Other areas which are in need for improvement focus on; private practice and a closer contact with driving schools, enhancing the quality of compulsory training and introduce more parts, more frequent quality assurance of driving schools and increased supervision and collaboration between stakeholders, a development of driving licence testing and a better consensus between the objectives, content/process and driving test, a clearer division of responsibilities regarding research and development and a better coordination of the various elements of driver training. Finally, there is a need to highlight best practice which can only be done if evaluation becomes common practice.

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  • 26.
    Forward, Sonja
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Förarprov för personbil: orsaker till den sjunkande godkännandegraden och förslag på åtgärder2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study had four objectives using both quantitative and qualitative methods: 1) to gather knowledge by means of a literature review of research, documented good examples, and proposals concerning ways of handling problems associated with retesting; 2) to examine, through two interview studies and one survey study, the reasons for the declining passing rate among those seeking class B driving licences; 3) to determine whether any specific groups of licence applicants have exhibited lower passing rates; and 4) to propose, based on the results, remedial measures to address the preparation and training of licence applicants before testing. In general, the results show that licence applicants who fail the tests many times lack the ability to assess their own abilities since they believe that they are well prepared. Even if the test then is harder than anticipated they do not feel that they had made any major mistakes, instead it is the examiner who was too strict. Therefore, they often scheduled their retests immediately after their unsuccessful attempts, meaning that some are unable to practice much or at all before the retest. Based on the results of this study, a number of remedial measures are suggested that could reduce the proportion of retests in the future.

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  • 27.
    Gregersen, Nils Petter
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Stave, Christina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Human-vehicle-transport system interaction.
    Sörensen, Gunilla
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Unga mopedisters olycksinblandning: orsaker och konsekvenser2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The general aim of this study is to increase knowledge about the processes leading to accidents. This was done with a knowledge review, an in-depth study of moped crashes with serious injuries and an analysis of teenagers’ discussions on the internet about moped riding. Moped accidents are most common among young men. A number of different contributing factors have been identified as important for the possibilities to drive safely and avoid accidents. In addition to skills to maneuver the moped in traffic, other aspects important for motivation and choices before and during driving are presented. This may for example be age, sex, personality, group affiliation, socio economic standing and brain maturation. The statistics on moped sales show that fewer and fewer mopeds are sold in Sweden. The reduction in sales of class I is largest. There are several possible reasons for this, such as new rules for licensing or low economic growth. The reduction is also reflected in a reduction of the number of accident and injured persons over time. The domination by accidents involving 15-year-olds are also decreasing. From the interviews, it is obvious that riding moped in gangs is something that mainly boys are doing. Riding in gangs is also age related since when they are continuing to the gymnasium (high school), other interests than moped riding are taking over, occupying evenings and weekends. From the Internet analysis, it is clear that young people are discussing mopeds and moped riding in many different forums. The topics are spare parts, technical matters, tuning, speeding, helmet use, police chases etc. The discussions may be regarded as a basis for the development of role models and ideal for different subcultures within the moped world. Measures were discussed in the areas of police, rules and regulations, age limits, technical aspects, insurance, education, parental engagement, information campaigns, internet, vehicle classifications, infrastructure and future technical support systems.

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  • 28.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic Safety and Traffic System.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Utvärdering av alkolås efter rattfylleri: intervjustudie2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A permanent alcohol interlock program for drink drivers came into force on 1 January 2012. The Swedish Transport Agency is responsible for the program which applies to all types of driver’s licenses. The program includes both a one-year and a two-year alternative. The two-year program applies to offenders whom have committed a severe drink driving offence (BAC > 1 g/L, the legal limit in Sweden is 0.2 g/L), have an earlier offence within the previous five years, or have the diagnosis alcohol use disorder or alcohol dependence. All others are assigned to the one-year program. Several aspects of the alcohol interlock program are evaluated at VTI. This report presents the results of an interview study with a total of 31 drivers who had committed a drink driving offense. They were interviewed both at a meeting, and at follow-up telephone interviews. The drivers are 11 people who participated in the two-year program, 10 people who participated in the one-year program and 10 people who did not participate in the interlock program.

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  • 29.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Forsberg, Inger
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    SMADIT ur den misstänkte rattfylleristens perspektiv: en intervjustudie2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    SMADIT, Joint action against alcohol and drugs in traffic, is a method where the police offer suspected drunk drivers contact with the social services or the dependency care and treatment service, who can offer a consultation and, if needed, suitable treatment. In the present study, 14 suspected alcohol drunk drivers were interviewed about their perceptions and experience of the SMADIT method. The results show that the incident with the drunk driving and its consequences have been a turning point in the suspected drunk drivers' lives. Most of the informants have completely opted out of the alcohol, and in addition, family relationships and life situations have improved. The majority of the informants do not think they will drive drunk in the future. Overall, informants think that SMADIT is a good method in its efforts to prevent drunk driving. Informants' narratives show that the police attitude is very important as most felt that they were in a disgraceful situation. The interviews show that the police attitude and the informant's drinking habits can be crucial to the acceptance of SMADIT. There are also respondents who believed that by accepting the help through SMADIT they would retain the driving license and get alcohol interlocks. The study points out some suggestions that could improve the SMADIT method. It is important that the police always provide the suspected drunk driver with sufficient and accurate verbal information about SMADIT and hand over the written information leaflet with contact information for local social treatment services, even to people who have been free from suspicion of drunk driving. In addition, it is important that a person who answered no to the SMADIT-offer is asked a second time, preferably by a call from the police, or that the suspected drunk driver is asked again when the car key is retrieved. Furthermore, it appears that it is not necessary that the first contact with social treatment services takes place within twenty-four hours. Several of the informants state that they need time for reflection, however, it must not pass too many days before a first contact and meeting is held. Finally, the police motivation to work with SMADIT can be maintained if the social treatment services ask the suspected drunk driver for permission to give a feedback to the police about the person's contact with the social treatment service.

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  • 30.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Hrelja, Robert
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    The Swedish Joint Action Method against Drink Driving: A Study of Suspected Drink Drivers' Own Experiences2016In: Traffic Injury Prevention, ISSN 1538-9588, E-ISSN 1538-957X, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 558-563Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, a joint action method called SMADIT is in use, where the police quickly offer help from the social services or the dependency care and treatment service to suspected drink drivers. One conclusion from this paper is that SMADIT, as an innovative method that can be deployed more rapidly than other alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, should be considered as a good complement to conventional methods to deal with drink driving.

    The objective of this paper is to analyse the experiences of suspected drink drivers who accepted the offer of help, and what it meant for them. To enable comparisons over time, in-depth interviews were conducted with twelve suspected drink drivers on two occasions with one year between.

    To varying degrees the informants knew about their alcohol problems, but were unsure if they would have sought help by themselves. Therefore, the original ideas of the method with an initial contact with the social services or the dependency care and treatment service within 24 hours, was found to be important. However, the results also showed that some of the informants needed some time before the first meeting as they were in shock from the drink driving incident or in need of sleep.

    Results also shows that an encouraging attitude among the police, the social services, and the dependency care and treatment service is important for the success of the SMADIT method. The informants are satisfied with the method, and in retrospect the incident and the SMADIT offer of help are described as a turning point in their lives. One year after being offered help the informants had gained insights into the harm they could have done to other road users when they drove while drunk.

  • 31.
    Hjort, Mattias
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle Systems and Driving Simulation..
    Arvidsson, Anna K
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Infrastructure, Infrastructure maintenance.
    Sandin, Jesper
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Driver and vehicle.
    Kharrazi, Sogol
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Vehicle Systems and Driving Simulation..
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Utredning av regler för vinterdäck till tunga fordon: Ett regeringsuppdrag2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    VTI, together with the Swedish Transport Agency, has been commissioned by the government to analyse the current regulations for winter tyres for heavy vehicles and to investigate the need for changed requirements for winter tyres or tyre equipment in order to reduce accessibility and safety problems in road traffic when winter road conditions prevail. If necessary, the Swedish Transport Agency will propose changes to the regulations. The assignment also included following up on compliance with the stricter requirements for winter tyres for heavy vehicles that were decided in 2018, and became active on 1 June 2019, and assessing the effect these regulatory changes have had on accessibility and road safety. In this investigation, we have conducted focus groups and interviews, collected statistics and carried out accident risk analyses, as well as carried out a couple of field studies of the condition of the tyres for trucks and buses in traffic. The existing regulations have been reviewed in detail and compared with the regulations in Norway and Finland, where winter conditions are similar to those in Sweden. Based on these analyses, we see no reason for changes to the existing regulations for winter tyres for heavy vehicles. The statistical analysis did not show any improvement in slippery conditions related to accessibility or road safety effects after the stricter winter tyre regulations in 2019.

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  • 32.
    Hrelja, Robert
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP.
    Samordning av trafik- och bebyggelseplanering: förutsättningar för hållbar mobilitet2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The way buildings are positioned relative to the design of traffic systems influences the public?s travel patterns and their choice of transport mode. It is therefore important that building layout and traffic are coordinated in order to create sustainable mobility. Sustainable mobility is an umbrella term for measures that reduce the number and length of car journeys and the need to travel at all. The aim of this study is to shed light on the conditions under which local authorities coordinate building development and traffic issues with respect to sustainable mobility. This investigation is based upon a pair of case studies, and examines the handling of building and traffic issues during the planning of two residential areas, one in Lund and one in Trelleborg. The results show that where coordination has worked, three factors have combined to create what may be termed a strategic decision-making and planning process. The three factors can be summarized as (i) long-term visions for the town?s development, (ii) long- and short-term actions, and (iii) public support for the long-term vision. It is important that coordination is made a tool for the implementation of the long-term vision. Politicians and officials must be in agreement if real influence is to be brought to bear on long- and short-term actions. Swedish local authorities should therefore develop mechanisms to enhance mutual understanding between politicians and officials on the basic principles of sustainable mobility. Public support of long-term visions and goals is also important. Without public support it becomes hard to make the occasionally difficult political decisions that affect the public?s travel behaviour.

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  • 33.
    Hrelja, Robert
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Samordning av trafik- och bebyggelseplanering: förutsättningar för hållbar mobilitet2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The way buildings are positioned relative to the design of traffic systems influences the public?s travel patterns and their choice of transport mode. It is therefore important that building layout and traffic are coordinated in order to create sustainable mobility. Sustainable mobility is an umbrella term for measures that reduce the number and length of car journeys and the need to travel at all. The aim of this study is to shed light on the conditions under which local authorities coordinate building development and traffic issues with respect to sustainable mobility. This investigation is based upon a pair of case studies, and examines the handling of building and traffic issues during the planning of two residential areas, one in Lund and one in Trelleborg. The results show that where coordination has worked, three factors have combined to create what may be termed a strategic decision-making and planning process. The three factors can be summarized as (i) long-term visions for the town?s development, (ii) long- and short-term actions, and (iii) public support for the long-term vision. It is important that coordination is made a tool for the implementation of the long-term vision. Politicians and officials must be in agreement if real influence is to be brought to bear on long- and short-term actions. Swedish local authorities should therefore develop mechanisms to enhance mutual understanding between politicians and officials on the basic principles of sustainable mobility. Public support of long-term visions and goals is also important. Without public support it becomes hard to make the occasionally difficult political decisions that affect the public?s travel behaviour.

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  • 34.
    Hylen, Bertil
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Transport economics Stockholm.
    Barta, David
    CDV.
    Czermański, Ernest
    Dickinson, Joanna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Vesela, Jirina
    CDV.
    Åkerman, Jonas
    Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan.
    Isaksson, Karolina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Dębicka, Olga
    Brand, Ralf
    Rupprecht Consult.
    Forward, Sonja
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Hrebicek, Zdenek
    CDV.
    Eriksson, Claes
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
    DTU - Technical University of Denmark.
    Kressler, Florian
    ATE.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Weiss, Lucas
    ATE.
    Challenges and barriers for a sustainable transport system: exploring the potential to enact change2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report is divided into three parts; the first part summarizes the results from a workshopconducted within the TRANSFORuMproject. The second part presents the results of interviewscarried out with different experts discussing the different goals and their perceptionsof what might prevent or delay appropriate implementation. The third part is based on a literature reviewdiscussing how to overcome or remove the various barriersand challenges. The overall aim ofthe studies presented in this report is to identify barriers but also to present necessary steps which need to be takenin order to help achieving the goals.The term "Barrier" relates to something which prevents some form of progress or movement, while "Challenge" can be something difficult but also something which is regarded as stimulating; or an opportunity.

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  • 35.
    Hylen, Bertil
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Transport economics Stockholm.
    Barta, David
    CDV.
    Czermański, Ernest
    Åkerman, Jonas
    Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan.
    Vesela, Jirina
    CDV.
    Isaksson, Karolina
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Dębicka, Olga
    Brand, Ralf
    Rupprecht Consult).
    Forward, Sonja
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Hrebicek, Zdenek
    CDV.
    Eriksson, Claes
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
    DTU - Technical University of Denmark.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Braun, Marcel
    Rupprecht Consult.
    Challenges and barriers for a sustainable transport system: state of the art report2014Report (Other academic)
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  • 36.
    Levin, Lena
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    WSP.
    Dahl, Emmy
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Malin
    Linköpings universitet.
    Nilsson, Susanna
    WSP.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Engelbrektsson, Elina
    WSP.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Bilagedelen: Genusperspektiv på utveckling av kollektivtrafik: hållbar jämställdhet vid planering av framtidens kollektivtrafik i Malmö2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Består av 1) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Lägesrapport 1a: Rapportering från fokusgrupperna, av Lena Levin, Emmy Dahl och Malin Henriksson. 2) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Lägesrapport 1b: Resultat av innehålls- och bildanalys, av Charlotta Faith-Ell och Susanna Nilsson. 3) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Dokumentation från workshop 11 februari 2010, av Susanna Nilsson, Lena Levin, Charlotta Faith-Ell, Emmy Dahl och Malin Henriksson.4) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Observationer och utvärdering av dialogmöten i Malmö stad, av Jonna Nyberg, Elina Engelbrektsson, Susanna Gustafsson, Lena Levin och Charlotta Faith-Ell. 5) Jämställd stadsplanering i Malmö - hur gör vi nu då? slutseminarium & workshop 26 november 2010, dokumentation: Lena Levin, Elina Engelbrektsson, Charlotta Faith-Ell och Lennart Skoglund.

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  • 37.
    Lewin, Catharina
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Utlandsföddas mobilitet och resvanor i svensk trafikmiljö2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to increase knowledge concerning the situation of foreign-born in the Swedish transportation system and analyze their mobility and travel patterns. Foreign-born are defined as people born in another country than Sweden, but who have received residence permit and are registered in a Swedish municipality. The results are based on a literature review, register data, group interviews as well as a comprehensive survey. Approximately 12% of Sweden's inhabitants were born in another country. Register data show that the proportion of foreign-born that possess driver's licences and vehicles is lower than among Swedish-born, which limits the ability to travel among this group. The target group for the survey was foreign-born men and women who had relatively recently arrived in Sweden. The survey studied such factors as how they travel on short and longer trips in Sweden, their possession of vehicles and driver's licences and their feeling of safety when using different travel modes. The survey was answered by 3,215 students at special courses in Swedish for immigrants (svenska för invandrare, sfi) from 34 municipalities in different parts of Sweden. Half of the respondents came to Sweden less than two years prior to answering the survey in 2005. The respondents represented 136 different countries of origin. Comparisons have been made both between men and women, and between eight different zones with regards to where the respondents were born. Of the respondents, approximately 60% were women and almost half were 25-34 years old. Results show that approximately 45% of the men surveyed had a driver's licence that was permitted to be used in Sweden, compared to one in five women. The survey showed that the largest obstacles to getting a Swedish driver's licence was that it was expensive and that the language is difficult. Whereas 35% of the women answered that they did not know how to ride a bicycle, only 5% of the men provided this answer. Nearly eight of ten respondents claimed they need to learn more about traffic rules and behaviour. They would like information about this in Swedish. The respondents also stated that they prefer written information on signs at bus stops and train stations, as well as on busses and trains instead of only receiving information by loudspeaker. Many of the respondents feel unsafe in various traffic environments; as pedestrians, bicyclists, car drivers, and as passengers on public transportation.

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  • 38.
    Lindgren, Anne-Li
    et al.
    Linköpings Universitet.
    Andersson, Martin
    Linköpings Universitet.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Transportsystemets kunder: en kritisk kunskapsöversikt2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The starting point of this literature review has been the customers of the transportation system identified by the Swedish Road Administration (SRA). One aim was to identify theoretical and methodological problems and the gap of knowledge that could be linked to the SRA use of the concept customer. Another aim was to identify important needs of knowledge. The literature review has been based on earlier research related to the use of the concept customer within different areas and disciplines: the public sector - health and medical service - child research, economics, consumer and consuming psychology, pedagogy and ethics. The discussion takes a perspective from bottom to top. This means that the discussion is focused on the consequence in first hand from the customers' perspective. Within this frame the SRA customers have been treated both from an individual perspective and a perspective of the industry. The literature review has shown that the use of the concept customer is complex and that it most truly includes different meanings and will raise different feelings when it comes to the definition of the concept customer, how it should be understood and used, but also if it is suitable to be used at all. The crucial point of the use of the concept customer and customer oriented work within the SRA will be the employees' definition, thoughts and attitude to the use of the concept customer. It could be questioned if it really contributes to the holistie approach the SRA aiming at. This needs further investigations. A conclusion is that there is a need for developing new tools in order to support and optimize well balanced decisions and actions both related to the desires of the customers and service to the customers.

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  • 39.
    Niska, Anna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Infrastructure, Infrastructure maintenance.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Eriksson, Jenny
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users, Traffic safety, society and road-user.
    Cyklisters singelolyckor: analys av olycks- och skadedata samt djupintervjuer2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this project was to study single bicycle accidents, to see how these can be avoided and how the injuries due to these can be alleviated. The in-depth studies of fatal accidents by the Swedish Traffic Administration, and hospital reported accidents in the database Strada have been analysed. The focus was on the single bicycle accidents resulting in death or serious injury, and the data for 2007-–2011 were included. In addition, 32 seriously injured cyclists were interviewed about the accident in which they had been involved. Of all the cyclists who need emergency treatment, eight out of ten had been injured in a single accident. In addition, on average five cyclists were killed every year in a single bicycle accident. In all, during the five-year period studied, 125 cyclists were killed. Of the 1,274 seriously injured in single bicycle accidents, 27 per cent can be related to operation and maintenance, 20 per cent to road design, 27 per cent to cyclist-bicycle interaction, 15 per cent to the behaviour and state of the cyclist, and 11 per cent to the interaction of the cyclist with other road users. Older age groups are involved to a greater extent than the young, in both the fatal accidents and the serious accidents – more than 40 per cent among those killed and seriously injured were 65 or older. The serious injuries among older people are characterised by injuries to the hips. In other respects, head injuries dominate among the seriously injured cyclists, and head injuries were the cause of death in 70 per cent of single bicycle accidents.

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  • 40.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences.
    Förändringar i transportrelaterad välfärd och myndighetsförtroende: en studie om personer som fått sitt körkort återkallat på grund av synfältsbortfall2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Access to transport, and thus accessibility to desired and needed activities, is of importance for the individual's welfare and subjective well-being. In many western contexts, land use and infrastructure are configured for the benefit of cars. A withdrawn driving license (WDL) might thereby affect welfare and subjective well-being. Further, if the WDL is perceived as unfair, trust for authorities involved in the WDL process can be affected. The overall aim is to explore changes of having a WDL due to visual field loss (VFL), concerning transport-related welfare and trust in authorities. Four studies were conducted, and both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The results showed that the WDL had led to negative welfare consequences for the respondents, such as ended careers, limited or ceased opportunities for leisure activities, and difficulties managing daily errands. These consequences can be explained by lacking or unsatisfactory alternative transport arrangements (study I). Also, the WDL had led to worsen overall subjective wellbeing. This can, for example, be explained by the respondents' perception of unsatisfactory access to transport means, to live a life to be satisfied with (study II). The respondents perceived the vision tests on which the WDL isbased as unfair, as they do not measure individual driving ability related to traffic safety. Perceptions of outcomes and processes were fueled by experiences of deficiencies regarding, for example, performance and information, leading to a decrease in trust in the authorities involved in the process of WDL due to VFL: the Health Care (the physician being obligated to report the VFL to the Swedish Transport Agency), the Swedish Transport Agency (decisions on WDL), and the Judicial system (decisions in cases of appeals) (study III). Gender had no effect on trust for none of these authorities. Though, diagnosis (reasons for VFL) had effect, and differences in degree oftrust for each of the three authorities were seen, related to type of diagnosis. The results also showed that low trust related to WDL process can generate lower trust in authorities in general (53%) (study IV). Finally, the thesis contributes to insights of goal conflicts that driving license withdrawals can entail, dealing with issues of safety, accessibility, and justice.

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    Förändringar i transportrelaterad välfärd och myndighetsförtroende: En studie om personer som fått sitt körkort återkallat på grund av synfältsbortfall
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  • 41.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes. Örebro universitet, Sweden.
    Förändringar i transportrelaterad välfärd och myndighetsförtroende: en studie om personer som fått sitt körkort återkallat på grund av synfältsbortfall2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Access to transport, and thus accessibility to desired and needed activities, is of importance for the individual's welfare and subjective well-being. In many western contexts, land use and infrastructure are configured for the benefit of cars. A withdrawn driving license (WDL) might thereby affect welfare and subjective well-being. Further, if the WDL is perceived as unfair, trust for authorities involved in the WDL process can be affected. The overall aim is to explore changes of having a WDL due to visual field loss (VFL), concerning transport-related welfare and trust in authorities. Four studies were conducted, and both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The results showed that the WDL had led to negative welfare consequences for the respondents, such as ended careers, limited or ceased opportunities for leisure activities, and difficulties managing daily errands. These consequences can be explained by lacking or unsatisfactory alternative transport arrangements (study I). Also, the WDL had led to worsen overall subjective wellbeing. This can, for example, be explained by the respondents' perception of unsatisfactory access to transport means, to live a life to be satisfied with (study II). The respondents perceived the vision tests on which the WDL isbased as unfair, as they do not measure individual driving ability related to traffic safety. Perceptions of outcomes and processes were fueled by experiences of deficiencies regarding, for example, performance and information, leading to a decrease in trust in the authorities involved in the process of WDL due to VFL: the Health Care (the physician being obligated to report the VFL to the Swedish Transport Agency), the Swedish Transport Agency (decisions on WDL), and the Judicial system (decisions in cases of appeals) (study III). Gender had no effect on trust for none of these authorities. Though, diagnosis (reasons for VFL) had effect, and differences in degree oftrust for each of the three authorities were seen, related to type of diagnosis. The results also showed that low trust related to WDL process can generate lower trust in authorities in general (53%) (study IV). Finally, the thesis contributes to insights of goal conflicts that driving license withdrawals can entail, dealing with issues of safety, accessibility, and justice.

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  • 42.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes. VTI.
    Välfärdskonsekvenser för individer med återkallat körkort på grund av synfältsbortfall2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    To suddenly lose a driving license because of a physical impairment, may well have dire consequences for the individual welfare. This report investigates its effect on a person’s circumstances, in particular with regard to visual field loss.

    The empirical material consisted of responses to a questionnaire and to various written materials (letters; attached copies of medical certificates and/or appeals) from a previous project regarding a simulator-based test method for assessing driving ability at visual field loss. In this material, the participants had in several cases, on a voluntary basis, described how a license withdrawal affected their lives. Further, consideration has been given to material collected in conjunction with the request for consent for the current study. In total, material from 169 individuals has been analyzed.

    In the first phase, the empirical material was analyzed by content analysis, in a thematic manner. In the second phase, the material was further analyzed using the Capability approach (CA). In short, the CA allows investigations of individuals' opportunities and freedoms to choose to live the life they want to live, illustrating the interactions between individual conditions, resources and contextual factors (e.g. social, political, cultural).

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  • 43.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden; The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jan
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.
    Strandberg, Thomas
    Örebro University, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Experienced processes and outcomes of driving license withdrawal due to visual field loss: A Swedish survey study of trust in authorities2023In: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, E-ISSN 2590-1982, Vol. 17, article id 100758Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Citizen perceptions of justice, regarding both processes and outcomes, are closely related to the perceived legitimacy of the authorities involved and are thus significant for trust. This study investigates how a withdrawn driving license due to visual field loss might affect trust in the authorities involved in withdrawal processes and outcomes: the health-care system, the Swedish Transport Agency, and the judicial system. The factors influencing trust were investigated as was whether the withdrawal experience had changed the trust in other authorities not involved in the withdrawal process. Also, the aetiology of the visual field loss and gender were investigated.

    A survey study was conducted in which 402 Swedish respondents with visual field loss and a withdrawal experience participated. Variance, regression, and content analyses were conducted. The following conceptual factors were used in understanding trust: Benevolence, Openness, Integrity, Ability, and Value Congruence.

    The results revealed that processes and outcomes affected the overall trust in all three authorities, although the highest trust was in the health-care system (but still low). Diagnosis, but not gender, was important for the experienced trust. Differences in levels of trust in each authority were related to the aetiology of the diagnosis. Benevolence and Ability were the trust factors most important for overall trust in the health-care system and the Swedish Transport Agency. For some respondents (46%), the negative experiences of the withdrawal had worsened their trust in other, not involved authorities, as well.

  • 44.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jan
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Traffic and road users.
    Strandberg, Thomas
    Örebro University, Sweden; Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Experienced processes and outcomes of driving license withdrawal due to visual field loss: A Swedish survey study of trust in authorities2023In: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, ISSN 2590-1982, Vol. 17, article id 100758Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Citizen perceptions of justice, regarding both processes and outcomes, are closely related to the perceived legitimacy of the authorities involved and are thus significant for trust. This study investigates how a withdrawn driving license due to visual field loss might affect trust in the authorities involved in withdrawal processes and outcomes: the health-care system, the Swedish Transport Agency, and the judicial system. The factors influencing trust were investigated as was whether the withdrawal experience had changed the trust in other authorities not involved in the withdrawal process. Also, the aetiology of the visual field loss and gender were investigated. A survey study was conducted in which 402 Swedish respondents with visual field loss and a withdrawal experience participated. Variance, regression, and content analyses were conducted. The following conceptual factors were used in understanding trust: Benevolence, Openness, Integrity, Ability, and Value Congruence. The results revealed that processes and outcomes affected the overall trust in all three authorities, although the highest trust was in the health-care system (but still low). Diagnosis, but not gender, was important for the experienced trust. Differences in levels of trust in each authority were related to the aetiology of the diagnosis. Benevolence and Ability were the trust factors most important for overall trust in the health-care system and the Swedish Transport Agency. For some respondents (46%), the negative experiences of the withdrawal had worsened their trust in other, not involved authorities, as well.

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  • 45.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jan
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.
    Strandberg, Thomas
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Experienced processes and outcomes of driving license withdrawal due to visual fieldloss: A Swedish survey study of trust in authoritiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Berg, Jessica
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Motorcykelkultur och motorcyklisters syn på trafikrisker och åtgärder: en litteraturstudie2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years motorcycling has become more and more popular. As the number of motorcycles on the roads has increased, the number of motorcyclists killed in traffic has increased as well. To decrease the number of accidents and to direct the safety measures towards the right groups there is a need for better knowledge of the opinion of motorcyclists on traffic safety and traffic safety measures taken to avoid accidents. The aim of this literature review is to obtain better knowledge of the attitudes and the behaviour the motorcyclists have concerning motorcycling and their own traffic safety. Following research fields are being focused on: the culture of motorcycling - habits, valuations, identity; opinion concerning risks and behaviour; view on policy measures. A literature study has been accomplished concerning literature about motorcycling, the culture of motorcycling and the existing attitudes towards motorcycle traffic among the motorcyclists published between the years 1990 and 2008. In the literature different groups of motorcyclist are described according to what motorcycling means to them, the importance of group affiliation and age. Fellowship and solidarity are important for motorcyclists, but at the same time different subgroups exist depending on identity, lifestyle and what kind of motorcycle one has. Furthermore, it is obvious that the motorcycle has several functions: it is a practical vehicle and economically profitable; driving motorcycle gives a feeling of freedom and excitement; it is a nice activity in itself. The risk that is included in driving a motorcycle is also an important ingredient; the risks are a part of the enchantment. Concerning the opinion of the motorcyclists on handling risks it appears that experience is the most important source of knowledge. It is assumed that theory does not prevent accidents but experience is important for learning to know one's own capacity, one's own limits and for achieving control. Some researchers think that in order to attract young motorcyclist to further training there should be entertaining and exciting activities without emphasising safety aspects. At the same time it should be kept in mind why people drive motorcycles, i. e. it is not the risks that discourage them to drive. Following research needs have been identified in connection to the literature study: better knowledge of social and behavioural factors that influence the attitude to risks and safety; the opinion of the motorcyclists concerning the measures to decrease the number of accidents of different groups of motorcyclists; the importance of motorcycle clubs concerning the forming of attitudes towards risks and traffic safety and finally how to design the education and training of motorcyclists in order to contribute to decreased risk taking in traffic.

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  • 47.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Berg, Jessica
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Summerton, Jane
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Piloters arbetsmiljö ur jämställdhetsperspektiv: en litteraturstudie2008Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    The aim of this literature study has been to summarize research results concerning gender equality among pilots in their working environment both from Swedish and international perspective. Both male and female pilots are of the opinion that gender does not make any difference for being a pilot. At the same time there is ambivalence in the interviews; female pilots sometimes describe how they have been the object of discrimination in various forms. Women handle this with different strategies, for exampel a female pilot adjusts herself as well as possible to the existing male norms in the cockpit. The profession of a pilot has been facing new demands and changes, a fact that changes the male identity of the profession. Male pilots are able to handle this by creating new forms of male identity. The physical environment in a cockpit by its design also reflects that the cockpit is an environment for men. In international studies there are descriptions how the cockpit is built according to male standards. In Sweden, the research concerning the working environment of pilots from a gender equality perspective is almost non-existent. Research is needed concerning the experiences and attitudes of female pilots from the gender equality perspective.

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  • 48.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes. Örebro University, Sweden.
    Björklund, Gunilla
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Aretun, Åsa
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.
    Berg, Hans-Yngve
    Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Swedish Transport Agency, Sweden.
    Strandberg, Thomas
    Örebro University, Sweden; Dalarna University, Sweden.
    How does driving license withdrawal affect subjective well-being?: A Swedish comparative survey study of visual field loss2021In: European Transport Research Review, ISSN 1867-0717, E-ISSN 1866-8887, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Research has found strong relationships between access to transport, accessibility of activities, and subjective well-being (SWB), and society is said to be car dependent. Accordingly, this study investigates, in a Swedish context, whether and how withdrawal of a driving license for a private car due to visual field loss (VFL) affects SWB. A web survey was used for statistical comparisons of three respondent groups (n = 436): people with a driving license, people with a driving license and VFL, and people whose driving license was withdrawn due to VFL. The inclusion criterion for all participants was that they should have a diagnosis that could cause VFL. The no-license group had lower overall SWB than did respondents with driving licenses. The no-license group also perceived less access to transport means in order to live a life to be satisfied with than did the other groups. The most used transport means in the no-license group was getting a lift in a car, though this group had a strong desire to drive a car. Few respondents in the license groups wanted to use specific transport means to a greater extent, car driving being the most used transport means. Some inter-group differences were seen regarding how access to activities (measured by frequency of actual trips) affected SWB. This study found a significant negative effect of driving license withdrawal on SWB. However, the results imply that qualitative aspects other than the relationship between the frequencies of trips and activities might also affect SWB, and more research on this subject is needed. © 2021, The Author(s).

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  • 49.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Örebro University, School of Health Sciences. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden; .
    Björklund, Gunilla
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden; .
    Åretun, Åsa
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden .
    Berg, Hans-Yngve
    Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Transport Agency, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Strandberg, Thomas
    Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work. The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    How does driving license withdrawal affect subjective well-being? A Swedish comparative survey study of visual field loss2021In: European Transport Research Review, ISSN 1867-0717, E-ISSN 1866-8887, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Research has found strong relationships between access to transport, accessibility of activities, and subjective well-being (SWB), and society is said to be car dependent. Accordingly, this study investigates, in a Swedish context, whether and how withdrawal of a driving license for a private car due to visual field loss (VFL) affects SWB. A web survey was used for statistical comparisons of three respondent groups (n = 436): people with a driving license, people with a driving license and VFL, and people whose driving license was withdrawn due to VFL. The inclusion criterion for all participants was that they should have a diagnosis that could cause VFL. The no-license group had lower overall SWB than did respondents with driving licenses. The no-license group also perceived less access to transport means in order to live a life to be satisfied with than did the other groups. The most used transport means in the no-license group was getting a lift in a car, though this group had a strong desire to drive a car. Few respondents in the license groups wanted to use specific transport means to a greater extent, car driving being the most used transport means. Some inter-group differences were seen regarding how access to activities (measured by frequency of actual trips) affected SWB. This study found a significant negative effect of driving license withdrawal on SWB. However, the results imply that qualitative aspects other than the relationship between the frequencies of trips and activities might also affect SWB, and more research on this subject is needed.

  • 50.
    Nyberg, Jonna
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Henriksson, Per
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Society, environment and transport, Mobility, actors and planning processes.
    Förändringar inom den svenska förarutbildningen: delstudie 3: processutvärdering av kursplan B2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    On March 1, 2006, a new Swedish national curriculum for private car (class B) driving license was introduced. A more general and easily comprehensible curriculum is expected to increase creativity, engagement and a wish for renewal among the actors who take part in the education processes for obtaining driving license. In the new curriculum there is also a greater focus on the student's self-knowledge. The design of the new curriculum is based to the so called Goals for Driver Education matrix, GDE. The GDE matrix defines which competences a driver should be in command of in order to be a safe driver. The matrix even points out that driving a car is a process where the driver interacts both with the traffic environment and the vehicle. At the same time driving a car also implies interaction between the driver's capabilities and motives. The aim of the present study is to investigate if there have been changes in driver education in Sweden through e.g. a new and modified focus since the new curriculum was introduced. The study consists of four sub-studies, each of which consists of an initial investigation and a follow-up ("before and after study"). The first sub-study concerns the curriculum itself, in which a content analysis is performed both concerning the old and the new curriculum. The second sub-study focuses on content analysis of education plans (i.e. approved plans of the education in the driving schools). The third sub-study consists of observations of theoretical and practical driving lessons in four driving schools. The fourth sub-study consists of interviews with individuals that recently received their driving license. Each of the sub-studies has been analysed with the help of the GDE matrix.

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