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  • 1.
    Aaseth, Jan
    et al.
    Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, N-0213 Oslo, Norway.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
    Tinkov, Alexey
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, 119146 Moscow, Russia.
    Skalny, Anatoly
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 2-4, 119146 Moscow, Russia.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Crisponi, Guido
    Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
    Nurchi, Valeria Marina
    Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy.
    The Aging Kidney-As Influenced by Heavy Metal Exposure and Selenium Supplementation2021In: Biomolecules, E-ISSN 2218-273X, Vol. 11, no 8, article id 1078Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aging process in the kidneys has been well studied. It is known that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines with age in subjects older than 50-60 years. However, there is still insufficient knowledge regarding the response of the aged kidney to environmental toxicants such as mercury, cadmium, and lead. Here, we present a review on the functional decline and proposed mechanisms in the aging kidney as influenced by metal pollutants. Due to the prevalence of these toxicants in the environment, human exposure is nearly unavoidable. Further, it is well known that acute and chronic exposures to toxic metals may be detrimental to kidneys of normal adults, thus it may be hypothesized that exposure of individuals with reduced GFR will result in additional reductions in renal function. Individuals with compromised renal function, either from aging or from a combination of aging and disease, may be particularly susceptible to environmental toxicants. The available data appear to show an association between exposure to mercury, cadmium and/or lead and an increase in incidence and severity of renal disease in elderly individuals. Furthermore, some physiological thiols, as well as adequate selenium status, appear to exert a protective action. Further studies providing improved insight into the mechanisms by which nephrotoxic metals are handled by aging kidneys, as well as possibilities of therapeutic protection, are of utmost importance.

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  • 2.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    et al.
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy..
    Abbas, Kaja M.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Abbasi, Mohammad
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Hamadan, Iran..
    Abbasifard, Mitra
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Unit, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Abbastabar, Hedayat
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Abd-Allah, Foad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abdelalim, Ahmed
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abdollahi, Mohammad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci TIPS, Tehran, Iran..
    Abdollahpour, Ibrahim
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Neurosci Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Abedi, Aidin
    Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA..
    Abedi, Parisa
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran.;Harvard Univ, Neuroendocrine, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Abegaz, Kedir Hussein
    Near East Univ, Biostat Dept, Nicosia, Cyprus.;Madda Walabu Univ, Biostat & Hlth Informat, Bale Robe, Ethiopia..
    Abolhassani, Hassan
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Abosetugn, Akine Eshete
    Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Aboyans, Victor
    Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France.;Univ Limoges, Limoges, France..
    Abrams, Elissa M.
    Univ Manitoba, Sect Allergy & Clin Immunol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.;Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat Dent, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Abrigo, Michael R. M.
    Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Dept Res, Quezon City, Philippines..
    Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Internal Med, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Abualhasan, Ahmed
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
    Univ Sharjah, Dept Clin Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates..
    Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal
    Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Dept Healthcare Policy & Res, Doha, Qatar..
    Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Ain Shams Univ, Dept Med, Cairo, Egypt..
    Acebedo, Alyssa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ackerman, Ilana N.
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Adabi, Maryam
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Hamadan, Iran..
    Adair, Tim
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Adamu, Abdu A.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Adebayo, Oladimeji M.
    Univ Coll Hosp, Coll Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
    Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Dept Sociol, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria..
    Adekanmbi, Victor
    Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales..
    Adelson, Jaimie D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood
    Univ Coll Hosp, Sch Lab Med & Sci, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Ctr Excellence Epidemiol Modelling & Anal, Cape Town, South Africa.;Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Adham, Davoud
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth, Ardebil, Iran..
    Advani, Shailesh M.
    NIH, Social Behav Res Branch, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.;Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA..
    Afarideh, Mohsen
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Mayo Clin, Dept Dermatol, Rochester, MN USA..
    Afshari, Mahdi
    Zabol Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Zabol, Iran..
    Afshin, Ashkan
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Agardh, Emilie E.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Agarwal, Gina
    McMaster Univ, Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Agasthi, Pradyumna
    Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Rochester, MN USA..
    Agesa, Kareha M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Aghaali, Mohammad
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Qom, Iran..
    Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Agrawal, Anurag
    CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India.;Baylor Coll Med, Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA..
    Ahmad, Tauseef
    Southeast Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Nanjing, Peoples R China..
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ahmadi, Keivan
    Univ Nottingham, Lincoln Med Sch, Nottingham, England.;Univ Lincoln, Lincoln Med Sch, Lincoln, England..
    Ahmadi, Mehdi
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Engn, Ahwaz, Iran.;Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Environm Technol Res Ctr, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Ahmadieh, Hamid
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Tehran, Iran.;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ahmadpour, Ehsan
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Infect & Trop Dis Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
    Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia.;Univ South Australia, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Aji, Budi
    Jenderal Soedirman Univ, Fac Med & Publ Hlth, Purwokerto, Indonesia..
    Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
    Univ Ibadan, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Akinyemiju, Tomi
    Duke Univ, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA.;Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Akombi, Blessing
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet
    Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth ICOH Africa, Dept Publ Hlth, Jos, Nigeria.;Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Garki, Nigeria..
    Alahdab, Fares
    Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res, Mayo Evidencebased Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA..
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ, John T Milliken Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.;Dept Vet Affairs, Clin Epidemiol Ctr, St Louis, MO USA..
    Alam, Khurshid
    Murdoch Univ, Murdoch Business Sch, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Alam, Noore
    Queensland Hlth, Prevent Div, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Griffith Univ, Ctr Environm & Populat Hlth, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    Alam, Samiah
    Dalhousie Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Alam, Tahiya
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Alanzi, Turki M.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Hlth Informat Management & Technol Dept, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Albertson, Samuel B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Alema, Niguse Meles
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Pharm, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun
    Arba Minch Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.;Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Alhabib, Khalid F.
    King Saud Univ, Dept Cardiac Sci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Alhassan, Robert Kaba
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana..
    Ali, Muhammad
    Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Ali, Saqib
    Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Informat Syst, Muscat, Oman..
    Alicandro, Gianfranco
    Italian Natl Inst Stat, Directorate Social Stat & Populat Census, Rome, Italy..
    Alijanzadeh, Mehran
    Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Qazvin, Iran..
    Alinia, Cyrus
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Care Management & Econ, Orumiyeh, Iran..
    Alipour, Vahid
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Econ Dept, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Alizade, Hesam
    Hormozgan Univ Med Sci, Infect & Trop Dis Res Ctr, Bandar Abbas, Iran..
    Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
    Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Safat, Kuwait.;Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia..
    Alla, Francois
    Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sch Publ Hlth, Bordeaux, France..
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
    King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;McGill Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Almasi, Ali
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran..
    Almasri, Nihad A.
    Univ Jordan, Physiotherapy Dept, Amman, Jordan..
    Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.
    Jazan Univ, Med Res Ctr, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.;Sanaa Univ, Dept Parasitol, Sanaa, Yemen..
    Almulhim, Abdulaziz M.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Coll Med, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Alonso, Jordi
    Pompeu Fabra Univ, Res Program Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Barcelona, Spain.;Biomed Res Networking Ctr Epidemiol & Publ Hlth C, Dept Expt & Hlth Sci, Madrid, Spain..
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
    King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia..
    Altirkawi, Khalid A.
    King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Alumran, Arwa Khalid
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Hlth Informat Management & Technol Dept, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
    Univ Cartagena, Hlth Econ Res Grp, Cartagena, Colombia.;Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia..
    Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.
    Univ Costa, Dept Econ Sci, Barranquilla, Colombia.;Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia..
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.;Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Amare, Bekalu
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Amini, Saeed
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Arak, Iran..
    Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Reasearch Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Aminorroaya, Arya
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Amiri, Fatemeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Amit, Arianna Maever L.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Manila, Philippines.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Amugsi, Dickson A.
    African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera
    Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore, Singapore..
    Anbesu, Etsay Woldu
    Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia..
    Ancuceanu, Robert
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Pharm, Bucharest, Romania..
    Anderlini, Deanna
    Univ Queensland, Ctr Sensorimotor Performance, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Anderson, Jason A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Andrei, Catalina Liliana
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Cardiol, Bucharest, Romania..
    Andrei, Tudorel
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Androudi, Sofia
    Univ Thessaly, Dept Med, Volos, Greece..
    Angus, Colin
    Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England..
    Anjomshoa, Mina
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Ansari, Fereshteh
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Evidence Based Med, Tabriz, Iran.;Agr Res Educ & Extens Org AREEO, Razi Vaccine & Serum Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Ansari, Iman
    Shahed Univ, Med Students Res Comm, Tehran, Iran..
    Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
    Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Zahedan, Iran..
    Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Res Ctr Publ Hlth, Monza, Italy..
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines.;Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Antony, Catherine M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Antriyandarti, Ernoiz
    Sebelas Maret Univ, Agribusiness Study Program, Surakarta, Indonesia..
    Anvari, Davood
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sari, Iran.;Iranshahr Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Iranshahr, Iran..
    Anwer, Razique
    Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Pathol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
    Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Sociol & Social Work, Kumasi, Ghana.;Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany..
    Arabloo, Jalal
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Arab-Zozani, Morteza
    Birjand Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Birjand, Iran..
    Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.
    Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Dept Nursing, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Aremu, Olatunde
    Birmingham City Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Ariani, Filippo
    Local Hlth Unit Tuscany Ctr, Reg Ctr Anal Data Occupat & Workrelated Injuries, Florence, Italy..
    Aripov, Timur
    Tashkent Inst Postgrad Med Educ, Publ Hlth & Healthcare Management, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.;Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA..
    Armoon, Bahram
    Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran.;Yasuj Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Yasuj, Iran..
    Arnlov, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden..
    Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan
    Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland..
    Aryal, Krishna K.
    Abt Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project, Lalitpur, Nepal..
    Arzani, Afsaneh
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Babol, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol, Iran..
    Asaad, Malke
    Univ Texas Houston, Dept Plast Surg, Houston, TX USA..
    Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Epilepsy Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran.;Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA..
    Asgari, Samaneh
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Prevent Metab Disorders Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Asghari, Babak
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Tabriz, Iran.;Zanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Zanjan, Iran..
    Ashbaugh, Charlie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Assmus, Michael
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Atafar, Zahra
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
    Zanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Zanjan, Iran..
    Atnafu, Desta Debalkie
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Hlth Syst & Hlth Econ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
    Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan..
    Atre, Sachin R.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Clin Global Hlth Educ, Baltimore, MD USA.;DY Patil Vidyapeeth, DY Patil Med Coll Hosp & Res Ctr, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan
    Keimyung Univ, Dept Social Welf, Daegu, South Korea..
    Ausloos, Floriane
    Univ Liege, Dept Gastroenterol, Liege, Belgium..
    Ausloos, Marcel
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Avila-Burgos, Leticia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
    Benin Clin Res Inst IRCB, Epidemiol & Clin Res, Abomey Calavi, Benin.;Fdn Sci Res FORS, Epidemiol & Clin Res, Cotonou, Benin..
    Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
    La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Ayano, Getinet
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Ayanore, Martin Amogre
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana..
    Aynalem, Getie Lake
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Midwifery, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Aynalem, Yared Asmare
    Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Ayza, Muluken Altaye
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Azari, Samad
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Azarian, Ghasem
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Hamadan, Iran..
    Azene, Zelalem Nigussie
    Univ Gondar, Dept Reprod Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Azhar, Gulrez
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Azzopardi, Peter S.
    Burnet Inst, Global Adolescent Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga Aboriginal Res Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Darshan, B. B.
    Babaee, Ebrahim
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Badawi, Alaa
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Badiye, Ashish D.
    Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba
    Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran..
    Bagli, Eleni
    Univ Hosp Ioannina, Dept Ophthalmol, Ioannina, Greece.;Fdn Res Technol, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Ioannina, Greece..
    Bahrami, Mohammad Amin
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Healthcare Management & Educ, Shiraz, Iran..
    Baig, Atif Amin
    Sultan Zainal Abidin Univ, Biochem Unit, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia..
    Bairwa, Mohan
    All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, India..
    Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein
    Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Bakhtiari, Ahad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran..
    Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Balachandran, Arun
    Univ Groningen, Dept Demog, Groningen, Netherlands.;Inst Social & Econ Change, Populat Res Ctr, Bengaluru, India..
    Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Balalla, Shivanthi
    Auckland Univ Technol, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Balassyano, Shelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Baldasseroni, Alberto
    Local Hlth Author Florence, Dept Epidemiol, Florence, Italy..
    Ball, Kylie
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Ballew, Shoshana H.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Balzi, Daniela
    USL Tuscany Ctr, Dept Prevent, Florence, Italy..
    Banach, Maciej
    Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland.;Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst, Lodz, Poland..
    Banerjee, Srikanta K.
    Walden Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA..
    Banik, Palash Chandra
    Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Bannick, Marlena S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bante, Agegnehu Bante
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Bante, Simachew Animen
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Midwifery, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Barboza, Miguel A.
    Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Dept Neurosci, San Jose, Costa Rica.;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Med, San Pedro, Costa Rica..
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
    Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Barnighausen, Till Winfried
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Barrero, Lope H.
    Pontifical Javeriana Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia..
    Barthelemy, Celine M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Barua, Lingkan
    Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Barzegar, Akbar
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Occupat Hlth Engn, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Basaleem, Huda
    Aden Coll, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Aden, Yemen.;Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Bassat, Quique
    Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain.;Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain..
    Basu, Sanjay
    Harvard Univ, Ctr Primary Care, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Baune, Bernhard T.
    Univ Munster, Dept Psychiat, Munster, Germany.;Melbourne Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Bayati, Mohsen
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Human Resources Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Baye, Bayisa Abdissa
    Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Bazmandegan, Gholamreza
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Unit, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Becker, Jacob S.
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Bedi, Neeraj
    Jazan Univ, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.;Gandhi Med Coll Bhopal, Dept Community Med, Bhopal, India..
    Beghi, Ettore
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy..
    Behzadifar, Masoud
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Bejot, Yannick
    Univ Hosp Dijon, Dept Neurol, Dijon, France.;Univ Burgundy, Dijon Stroke Registry UFR Sci Sante, Dijon, France..
    Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye
    Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia..
    Bell, Michelle L.
    Yale Univ, Sch Environm, New Haven, CT USA..
    Bello, Aminu K.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada..
    Bender, Rose G.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England..
    Bennitt, Fiona B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Benziger, Catherine P.
    Essentia Hlth, Heart & Vasc Ctr, Duluth, MN USA..
    Berhe, Kidanemaryam
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Berman, Adam E.
    Augusta Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, Augusta, GA USA..
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Kings Coll London, Fac Dent Oral & Craniofacial Sci, London, England..
    Bernstein, Robert S.
    Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Bertolacci, Gregory J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Internal Med, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.;Charles Univ Prague, Dept Social & Clin Pharm, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Bhageerathy, Reshmi
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Mangalore, India.;Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Mangalore, India..
    Bhala, Neeraj
    Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.;Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Inst Translat Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.;Univ Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Bhandari, Dinesh
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Tribhuvan Univ, Publ Hlth Res Lab, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India..
    Bhat, Anusha Ganapati
    Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Springfield, MA USA..
    Bhattacharyya, Krittika
    Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India.;Univ Calcutta, Dept Stat, Kolkata, India..
    Bhattarai, Suraj
    Global Inst Interdisciplinary Studies, Dept Global Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Univ Toronto, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Bibi, Sadia
    Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan..
    Biehl, Molly H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bijani, Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Bikbov, Boris
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Bilano, Ver
    Creativ Ceut, Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, London, England..
    Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat
    Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Univ Dhaka, Dept Clin Pharm & Pharmacol, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Biondi, Antonio
    Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy..
    Birihane, Binyam Minuye
    Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Adis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Debre Tabor Univ, Dept Nursing, Debretabor, Ethiopia..
    Bisanzio, Donal
    Res Triangle Inst Int, Global Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.;Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Nottingham, England..
    Bisignano, Catherine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Biswas, Raaj Kishore
    Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Bitew, Helen
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Bjorge, Tone
    Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway.;Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway..
    Bockarie, Moses John
    European & Developing Countries Clin Trials Partn, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Bohlouli, Somayeh
    Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Vet Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Bohluli, Mehdi
    Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Zanjan, Iran.;Petanux Res GmBH, Dept Res & Innovat, Bonn, Germany..
    Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Bolla, Srinivasa Rao
    Nazarbayev Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Nur Sultan City, Kazakhstan..
    Boloor, Archith
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Internal Med, Mangalore, India..
    Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Borges, Guilherme
    Ramon de la Fuente Muniz Natl Inst Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Borzi, Antonio Maria
    Univ Catania, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Catania, Italy..
    Borzouei, Shiva
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Bose, Dipan
    World Bank, Transport Global Practice, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA..
    Bosetti, Cristina
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Oncol, Milan, Italy..
    Boufous, Soufiane
    Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Bourne, Rupert
    Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England..
    Brady, Oliver J.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Braithwaite, Dejana
    Georgetown Univ, Div Hematol & Oncol, Washington, DC USA..
    Brauer, Michael
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Brayne, Carol
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England..
    Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Psychiat & Behav Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Breitner, Susanne
    Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Inst Med Informat Proc Biometry & Epidemiol, Munich, Germany.;German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Breusov, Alexey V.
    RUDN Univ, Inst Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Briant, Paul Svitil
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Briggs, Andrew M.
    Curtin Univ, Sch Physiotherapy & Exercise Sci, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich
    Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Dept Biomed Technol, Moscow, Russia..
    Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Britton, Gabrielle B.
    Inst Sci Res & High Technol Serv, Neurosci Unit, Panama City, Panama.;Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama..
    Brugha, Traolach
    Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Bryazka, Dana
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Buchbinder, Rachelle
    Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Cabrini Inst, Cabrini Hosp, Monash Dept Clin Epidemiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Bumgarner, Blair R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Burkart, Katrin
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Burnett, Richard Thomas
    Hlth Canada, Populat Studies Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina
    Employee State Insurance Post Grad Inst Med Sci &, Dept Community Med, Bengalore, India..
    Busse, Reinhard
    Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany..
    Butt, Zahid A.
    Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth, Rawalpindi, Pakistan..
    Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
    Fed Polytech Sch Lausanne, Inst Microengn, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Cahill, Leah E.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
    Peruvian Univ Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth & Adm, Lima, Peru..
    Cai, Tianji
    Univ Macau, Dept Sociol, Macau, Peoples R China..
    Callender, Charlton S. K. H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Camera, Luis Alberto
    Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Dept Internal Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.;Argentine Soc Med, Board Directors, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Univ Valley Cuernavaca, Sch Med, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Cao, Jackie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Car, Josip
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Singapore, Singapore..
    Cardenas, Rosario
    Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Carreras, Giulia
    Inst Canc Res Prevent & Clin Network, Florence, Italy..
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Carvalho, Felix
    Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal..
    Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia.;Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia..
    Castelpietra, Giulio
    Univ Udine, Dept Med, Udine, Italy.;Healthcare Agcy Friuli Occidentale, Dept Mental Hlth, Pordenone, Italy..
    Castle, Chris D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Castro, Emma
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Castro, Franz
    Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama..
    Catala-Lopez, Ferran
    Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain.;Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Causey, Kate
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cederroth, Christopher R.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Nottingham, Natl Inst Hlth Res Nottingham Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham, England..
    Cercy, Kelly M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cerin, Ester
    Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Chalek, Julian
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Chandan, Joht Singh
    Univ Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Chang, Alex R.
    Geisinger Hlth Syst, Kidney Hlth Res Inst, Danville, PA USA..
    Chang, Angela Y.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Chang, Jung-Chen
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan.;Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chang, Kai-Lan
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    Charan, Jaykaran
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India..
    Charlson, Fiona J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Chattu, Vijay Kumar
    Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Chaturvedi, Sarika
    DY Patil Univ, Res Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Cherbuin, Nicolas
    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel
    Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan..
    Chin, Ken Lee
    Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Med Sch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo
    Cayetano Heredia Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Adm & Social Sci, Lima, Peru..
    Cho, Daniel Youngwhan
    Univ Washington, Div Plast Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine
    Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biomed Informat, Seoul, South Korea..
    Christensen, Hanne
    Univ Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Chu, Dinh-Toi
    Hanoi Natl Univ Educ, Fac Biol, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Chung, Michael T.
    Wayne State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA..
    Chung, Sheng-Chia
    UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England.;Hlth Data Res UK, London, England..
    Cicuttini, Flavia M.
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ South Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Cirillo, Massimo
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy..
    Cislaghi, Beniamino
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England..
    Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne
    North Rhine Westphalia NRW Ctr Hlth, Dept Key Quest & Int Cooperat, Bochum, Germany.;Bielefeld Univ, Bielefeld Sch Publ Hlth, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Cohen, Aaron J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA..
    Collins, Emma L.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Comfort, Haley
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Compton, Kelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Conti, Sara
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Cooper, Owen R.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;NOAA, Chem Sci Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    Corso, Barbara
    CNR, Inst Neurosci, Padua, Italy..
    Cortesi, Paolo Angelo
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Costa, Vera Marisa
    Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal..
    Cousin, Ewerton
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Cowden, Richard G.
    Univ Free State, Dept Psychol, Park West, South Africa..
    Cowie, Benjamin C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, WHO Collaborating Ctr Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Cromwell, Elizabeth A.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Croneberger, Andrew J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cross, Di H.
    NIH, Off Director, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Cross, Marita
    Univ Sydney, Fac Med & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Crowe, Christopher Stephen
    Univ Washington, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cruz, Jessica A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cummins, Steven
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth Environm & Soc, London, England..
    Cunningham, Matthew
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dahlawi, Saad M. A.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Dai, Haijiang
    Cent South Univ, Dept Cardiol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;York Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Dai, Hancheng
    Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
    Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique..
    Damiani, Giovanni
    Univ Milan, IRCCS Ist Ortoped Galeazzi, Dermatol Clin, Milan, Italy.;Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    D'Amico, Emanuele
    Univ Catania, Dept GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy..
    Dandona, Lalit
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Dangel, William James
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Danielsson, Anna-Karin
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gela, Jiregna Darega
    Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Dargan, Paul I.
    Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Clin Toxicol, London, England..
    Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
    Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Daryani, Ahmad
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Das, Jai K.
    Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Das Gupta, Rajat
    Univ South Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.;BRAC Univ, James P Grant Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Das Neves, Jose
    Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth, Porto, Portugal.;Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Engn INEB, Porto, Portugal..
    Dash, Aditya Prasad
    Cent Univ Tami Nadu, Thiruvarur, India..
    Davey, Gail
    Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Infect, Brighton, E Sussex, England.;Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
    Latin Amer Fac Social Sci Mexico, Dept Populat & Dev, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Davis, Adrian C.
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Surg & Canc, London, England.;UCL, Ear Inst, London, England..
    Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.;Clin Emergency Hosp Sf Pantelimon, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania..
    Davletov, Kairat
    Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Hlth Res Inst, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    De Leo, Diego
    Griffith Univ, Australian Inst Suicide Res & Prevent, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    De Neve, Jan-Walter
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Dean, Frances E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    DeCleene, Nicole K.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Deen, Amanda
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Degenhardt, Louisa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    DeLang, Marissa
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Dellavalle, Robert Paul
    Dept Vet Affairs, Dermatol Serv, St Louis, MO USA.;Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Dermatol, Aurora, CO USA..
    Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam
    Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Demsie, Desalegn Getnet
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Pharm, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje
    Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Wachemo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Hossana, Ethiopia..
    Deribe, Kebede
    Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Ctr Global Hlth, Brighton, E Sussex, England.;Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Dervenis, Nikolaos
    Royal Liverpool Univ Hosp, St Pauls Eye Unit, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.;Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Ophthalmol, Thessaloniki, Greece..
    Desai, Rupak
    Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Decatur, GA USA..
    Desalew, Assefa
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Dessie, Getenet Ayalew
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Deuba, Keshab
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Save Children, Natl Ctr AIDS & STD Control, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka..
    Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
    Far Western Univ, Dept Microbiol, Mahendranagar, Nepal..
    Dianatinasab, Mostafa
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Shiraz, Iran.;Shahroud Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahroud, Iran..
    da Silva, Diana Dias
    Univ Porto, Toxicol Lab, Porto, Portugal..
    Diaz, Daniel
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.;Autonomous Univ Sinaloa, Fac Vet Med & Zootechn, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico..
    Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Dichgans, Martin
    Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Inst Stroke & Dementia Res, Munich, Germany..
    Didarloo, Alireza
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Orumiyeh, Iran..
    Dingels, Zachary V.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dippenaar, Ilse N.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dirac, M. Ashworth
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Swedish Family Med First Hill, Seattle, WA USA..
    Djalalinia, Shirin
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Dev Res & Technol Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Do, Hoa Thi
    Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Publ Hlth Nutr, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Dokova, Klara
    Med Univ Varna, Dept Social Med & Hlth Care Org, Varna, Bulgaria..
    Doku, David Teye
    Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana..
    Dolecek, Christiane
    Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England.;Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Dolgert, Andrew J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dorostkar, Fariba
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Fac Allied Med, Tehran, Iran..
    Doshi, Chirag P.
    Univ Southern Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA..
    Doshi, Pratik P.
    Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA..
    Doshmangir, Leila
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tabriz, Iran..
    Douiri, Abdel
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England..
    Doxey, Matthew C.
    Seattle Indian Hlth Board, Urban Indian Hlth Inst, Seattle, WA USA..
    Doyle, Kerrie E.
    Western Sydney Univ, Sch Med, Sydney, Vic, Australia.;RMIT Univ, Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Driscoll, Tim Robert
    Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Dubljanin, Eleonora
    Univ Belgrade, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Dunachie, Susanna J.
    Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England.;Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
    Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil.;Escola Bahiana Med & Saude Publ, Dept Internal Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    Eagan, Arielle Wilder
    Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Social Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA..
    Ebrahimi, Hedyeh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Liver & Pancreaticobilliary Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi
    Florida Int Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL 33199 USA..
    Edvardsson, David
    La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Umeå Univ, Dept Nursing, Umeå, Sweden..
    Effiong, Andem
    Univ Newcastle, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    Ehrlich, Joshua R.
    Univ Michigan, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.;Univ Michigan, Inst Hlth Care Policy & Innovat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    El Nahas, Nevine
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    El Sayed, Iman
    Alexandria Univ, Biomed Informat & Med Stat Dept, Alexandria, Egypt..
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Mansoura Univ, Dept Clin Pathol, Mansoura, Egypt..
    El Tantawi, Maha
    Alexandria Univ, Pediat Dent & Dent Publ Hlth Dept, Alexandria, Egypt..
    Elbarazi, Iffat
    Abu Dhabi Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Khalifa City, U Arab Emirates..
    Elgendy, Islam Y.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA..
    Elhabashy, Hala Rashad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurophysiol, Cairo, Egypt..
    El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Elsharkawy, Aisha
    Cairo Univ, Endem Med & Hepatogastroentrol Dept, Cairo, Egypt..
    Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.
    Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
    Shahroud Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Shahroud, Iran..
    Emmons-Bell, Sophia
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Erskine, Holly E.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Eshrati, Babak
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Eskandari, Khalil
    Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Chem, Kerman, Iran.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, Pharmaceut Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran..
    Eskandarieh, Sharareh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Esmaeilnejad, Saman
    Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran Med Sci Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.;Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Physiol, Tehran, Iran..
    Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Sadaf
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Estep, Kara
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Etemadi, Arash
    NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas
    Hawassa Univ, Unit Med Physiol, Hawassa, Ethiopia..
    Ezekannagha, Oluchi
    Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Fanzo, Jessica
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Farag, Tamer
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Farahmand, Mohammad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran..
    Faraj, Anwar
    Univ Human Dev, Dept Polit Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Faraon, Emerito Jose A.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines..
    Fareed, Mohammad
    Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Faridnia, Roghiyeh
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol, Sari, Iran..
    Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa
    Natl Inst Stat, Disseminat Div, Lisbon, Portugal.;Directorate Gen Hlth DGS, Activ Planning & Control Unit, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Farioli, Andrea
    Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy..
    Faris, Pawan Sirwan
    Univ Pavia, Dept Biol & Biotechnol Lazzaro Spallanzani, Pavia, Italy.;Salahaddin Univ Erbil, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq..
    Faro, Andre
    Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil..
    Faruque, Mithila
    Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Fattahi, Nazir
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Fazaeli, Ali Akbar
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran..
    Fazlzadeh, Mehdi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran.;Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Ardebil, Iran..
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Feldman, Rachel
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Ottawa, Div Neurol, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Fernandes, Eduarda
    Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal..
    Ferrara, Giannina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ferrara, Pietro
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Res Ctr Publ Hlth, Monza, Italy..
    Ferrari, Alize J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Ferreira, Manuela L.
    Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Feyissa, Garumma Tolu
    Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Filip, Irina
    Kaiser Permanente, Dept Psychiat, Fontana, CA USA.;AT Still Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ USA..
    Fischer, Florian
    Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany..
    Fisher, James L.
    Ohio State Univ, James Canc Hosp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Fitzgerald, Ryan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Flohr, Carsten
    Kings Coll London, Unit Populat Based Dermatol Res, London, England..
    Flor, Luisa Sorio
    Sergio Arouca Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.;Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
    Foigt, Nataliya A.
    Natl Acad Med Sci Ukraine, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine..
    Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
    Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Child Dent Hlth, Ife, Nigeria..
    Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich
    Timiryazev Inst Plant Physiol, Dept Cell Biol & Biotechnol, Moscow, Russia..
    Force, Lisa M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Global Pediat Med, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA..
    Fornari, Carla
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Foroutan, Masoud
    Abadan Sch Med Sci, Abadan Fac Med Sci, Abadan, Iran..
    Fox, Jack T.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Francis, Joel Msafiri
    Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Family Med & Primary Care, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Frank, Tahvi D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Franklin, Richard Charles
    James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Douglas, Qld, Australia..
    Freitas, Marisa
    Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal..
    Fu, Weijia
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fukumoto, Takeshi
    Kobe Univ, Dept Dermatol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan..
    Fukutaki, Kai
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fuller, John E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fullman, Nancy
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Furtado, Joao M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Div Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Gad, Mohamed M.
    Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.;Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India..
    Gakidou, Emmanuela
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Galles, Natalie C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gallus, Silvano
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy..
    Gamkrelidze, Amiran
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia..
    Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
    Manh Hlth Res Ctr CISM, Dept TB, Manhica, Mozambique.;Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Viral & Bacterial Infect Res Program, Barcelona, Spain..
    Gardner, William M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle
    Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Bale Robe, Ethiopia..
    Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork
    Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Nursing & Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Nursing, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Gebremeskel, Leake G.
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Newcastle Univ, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Geremew, Abraham
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Hayoon, Anna Gershberg
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gesesew, Hailay Abrha
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Med & Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Gething, Peter W.
    Curtin Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia.;Telethon Kids Inst, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Gezae, Kebede Embaye
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Biostat, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Ghadimi, Maryam
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Ghadiri, Keyghobad
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh
    Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghafourifard, Mansour
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Tabriz, Iran..
    Ghajar, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghamari, Farhad
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Occupat Hlth, Arak, Iran..
    Ghashghaee, Ahmad
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghiasvand, Hesam
    Univ Exeter, Inst Hlth Res, Exeter, Devon, England..
    Ghith, Nermin
    Tech Univ Denmark, Res Grp Genom Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Gholamian, Asadollah
    Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Biol, Kermanshah, Iran.;Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ghosh, Rakesh
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Giampaoli, Simona
    Italian Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrine Metab Dis & Aging, Rome, Italy..
    Gilani, Syed Amir
    Univ Lahore, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan.;Afro Asian Inst, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Gill, Paramjit Singh
    Univ Warwick, Sch Med, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Gill, Tiffany K.
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Gillum, Richard F.
    Howard Univ, Dept Community & Family Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA.;Howard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA..
    Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed
    Minist Hlth, Family Med Res Ctr, Hail, Saudi Arabia..
    Ginindza, Themba G.
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Discipline Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa..
    Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Giussani, Giorgia
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Lab Neurol Disorders, Milan, Italy..
    Glagn, Mustefa
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Gnedovskaya, Elena V.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Dept Neurol 3, Moscow, Russia..
    Godinho, Myron Anthony
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Goharinezhad, Salime
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Golechha, Mahaveer
    Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gandhinagar, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India..
    Goli, Srinivas
    Jawahar Lal Nehru Univ, Ctr Studies Reg Dev CSRD, New Delhi, India.;Univ Western Australia, Publ Policy Inst, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Gomez, Ricardo Santiago
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Oral Surg & Pathol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Univ Massachusetts Boston, Dept Exercise & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA USA..
    Gopalani, Sameer Vali
    Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Hudson Coll Publ Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA.;Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia..
    Goren, Emily
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gorini, Giuseppe
    Inst Canc Res Prevent & Clin Network, Oncol Network Prevent & Res Inst, Florence, Italy..
    Gorman, Taren M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gottlich, Harrison Chase
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Goudarzi, Houman
    Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Environm & Hlth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.;Hokkaido Univ, Dept Resp Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan..
    Goudarzian, Amir Hossein
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Fac Nursing & Midwifery, Sari, Iran..
    Goulart, Alessandra C.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Grada, Ayman
    Boston Univ, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Greaves, Felix
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Hlth Improvement Directorate, London, England..
    Grivna, Michal
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.;Charles Univ Prague, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Grosso, Giuseppe
    Univ Catania, Dept Biomed & Biotechnol Sci, Catania, Italy..
    Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
    Univ Sulaimani, Dept Family & Community Med, Sulaimani, Iraq..
    Gudi, Nachiket
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Policy, Mangalore, India..
    Gugnani, Harish Chander
    St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, The Valley, Anguilla.;St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, The Valley, Anguilla..
    Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena
    Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Sch Dent, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil..
    Guimaraes, Rafael Alves
    Univ Fed Goias, Inst Trop Pathol & Publ Hlth IPTSP, Goiania, Go, Brazil..
    Guled, Rashid Abdi
    Jigjiga Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Gultie, Teklemariam
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Guo, Gaorui
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Guo, Yuming
    Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Binzhou Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Yantai, Peoples R China. Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Sevagram, India..
    Gupta, Rahul
    Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.;March Dimes, Med Resources, Arlington, VA USA..
    Gupta, Rajeev
    Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci, Dept Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.;West Virginia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Policy Management & Leadership, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA..
    Sharan, Subodh
    Gupta, Tarun
    Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Haagsma, Juanita A.
    Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Hachinski, Vladimir
    Univ Western Ontario, Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada.;Lawson Hlth Res Inst, London, ON, Canada..
    Haddock, Beatrix
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Hafiz, Abdul
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Epidemiol Programme, London, England.;Umm AL Qura Univ, Coll Med, Mecca, Saudi Arabia..
    Hagins, Hailey
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Haile, Lydia M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
    Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Obes Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Haj-Mirzaian, Arya
    Hall, Brian J.
    Univ Macau, Dept Psychol, Macau, Peoples R China..
    Halvaei, Iman
    Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Anat Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Hamadeh, Randah R.
    Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Manama, Bahrain..
    Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib
    Univ Human Dev, Coll Law & Polit Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Hameed, Sajid
    Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates..
    Hamilton, Erin B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hammer, Melanie S.
    Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Han, Chieh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Han, Hannah
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
    Wachemo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Hossana, Ethiopia..
    Hanif, Asif
    Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Med, Perth, WA, Australia.;Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Neurol, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Haririan, Hamidreza
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Tabriz, Iran..
    Haro, Josep Maria
    Univ Barcelona, Res Unit, Barcelona, Spain.;Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Barcelona, Spain..
    Harvey, James D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
    Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Hasan, Md Mehedi
    Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Children & Families Life Cours, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Hasanpoor, Edris
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Healthcare Management, Maragheh, Iran..
    Hasanzadeh, Amir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Tehran, Iran.;Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Maragheh, Iran..
    Hashemian, Maryam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Utica Coll, Dept Biol, Utica, NY 13502 USA..
    Hashi, Abdiwahab
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Hassan, Amr
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Hassan, Shoaib
    Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth CIH, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Bergen Ctr Eth & Prior Setting BCEPS, Bergen, Norway..
    Hassanipour, Soheil
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.;Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran..
    Hassankhani, Hadi
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran..
    Havmoeller, Rasmus J.
    Skaane Cty Council, Skaane Univ Hosp, Malmö, Sweden..
    Hay, Roderick J.
    Kings Coll London, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London, England.;Int Fdn Dermatol, London, England..
    Hay, Simon I.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hayat, Khezar
    Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan.;Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Pharm Adm & Clin Pharm, Xian, Peoples R China..
    Heibati, Behzad
    Univ Oulu, Ctr Environm & Resp Hlth Res, Oulu, Finland..
    Heidari, Behnam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Heidari, Golnaz
    Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran..
    Hendrie, Delia
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Henny, Kiana
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Henok, Andualem
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia..
    Henrikson, Hannah J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Henry, Nathaniel J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Herbert, Molly E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Herteliu, Claudiu
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;London South Bank Univ, Sch Business, London, England..
    Heydarpour, Fatemeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Med Biol Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Hird, Thomas R.
    Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath, Avon, England..
    Ho, Hung Chak
    Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Hoek, Hans W.
    Univ Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands.;Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA..
    Hole, Michael K.
    Univ Texas Austin, Dept Pediat, Austin, TX 78712 USA..
    Holla, Ramesh
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India..
    Hollingsworth, Bruce
    Univ Lancaster, Dept Hlth Econ, Lancaster, Lancs, England..
    Hoogar, Praveen
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Ctr Bio Cultural Studies CBiCS, Mangalore, India..
    Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury
    Operat Smile, Metr & Evaluat, Virginia Beach, VA USA..
    Horita, Nobuyuki
    NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.;Yokohama City Univ, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan..
    Hosgood, H. Dean
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Hossain, Naznin
    Bangladesh Ind Gases Ltd, Dept Pharmacol, Tangail, Bangladesh..
    Hosseini, Mostafa
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Pediat Chron Kidney Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
    Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Hostiuc, Mihaela
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Internal Med, Bucharest, Romania..
    Hostiuc, Sorin
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, Romania.;Natl Inst Legal Med Mina Minovici, Clin Legal Med Dept, Bucharest, Romania..
    Househ, Mowafa
    Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ, Div Informat & Comp Technol, Doha, Qatar..
    Hoy, Damian G.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Hsairi, Mohamed
    Univ Tunis El Manar, Fac Med Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Hsiao, Thomas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong
    China Med Univ, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Taichung, Taiwan..
    Hu, Guoqing
    Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Peoples R China..
    Hu, Kejia
    Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hangzhou, Peoples R China..
    Huda, Tanvir M.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Hugo, Fernando N.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Prevent & Social Dent, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Humayun, Ayesha
    Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Hussain, Rabia
    Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, George Town, Malaysia..
    Huynh, Chantal K.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hwang, Bing-Fang
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England.;China Med Univ, Dept Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan..
    Iannucci, Vincent C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Iavicoli, Ivo
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy..
    Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu
    African Field Epidemiol Network, Nigerian Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.;Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Dis Control, Umuahia, Nigeria.;Duke Kunshan Univ, Global Hlth Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China..
    Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Ikeda, Nayu
    Natl Inst Biomed Innovat Hlth & Nutr, Int Ctr Nutr & Informat, Tokyo, Japan..
    Ikuta, Kevin S.
    Univ Washington, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
    Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Ilic, Irena M.
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Ilic, Milena D.
    Univ Kragujevac, Dept Epidemiol, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
    Bangalore Baptist Hosp, Div Community Hlth & Family Med, Bangalore, Karnataka, India..
    Ippolito, Helen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Iqbal, Usman
    Taipei Med Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Islam, M. Mofizul
    Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Islam, MdMohaimenul
    La Trobe Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Islami, Farhad
    Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA..
    Iso, Hiroyasu
    Osaka Univ, Dept Social Med, Suita, Osaka, Japan..
    Ivers, Rebecca Q.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Iwu, Chidozie C. D.
    Univ Ft Hare, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Alice, South Africa..
    Iwu, Chinwe Juliana
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Ctr Hlth Evaluat & Outcome Sci, Knowledge Translat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Jaafari, Jalil
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Rasht, Iran..
    Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
    George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA..
    Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Tabriz, Iran..
    Jafari, Hussain
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jafarinia, Morteza
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Esfahan, Iran..
    Jahagirdar, Deepa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jahani, Mohammad Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Jahanmehr, Nader
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Safety Promot & Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Management & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran..
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, NA Semashko Dept Publ Hlth & Healthcare, Moscow, Russia.;Univ Kragujevac, Dept Global Hlth Econ & Policy, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    Jalali, Amir
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Hlth Inst, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Subst Abuse Prevent Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Jalilian, Farzad
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    James, Spencer L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Janjani, Hosna
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
    Javaheri, Tahereh
    Boston Univ, Hlth Informat Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Javidnia, Javad
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol, Sari, Iran..
    Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
    Univ Colombo, Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka.;Inst Violence & Injury Prevent, Fac Grad Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka..
    Jeemon, Panniyammakal
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India..
    Jenabi, Ensiyeh
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Autism Spectrum Disorders Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran..
    Jha, Ravi Prakash
    Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India.;Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Jha, Vivekanand
    Univ New South Wales, George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Mangalore, India..
    Ji, John S.
    Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA.;Duke Kunshan Univ, Environm Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China..
    Jia, Peng
    Univ Twente, Dept Earth Observat Sci, Enschede, Netherlands..
    Johansson, Lars
    John, Oommen
    Univ New South Wales, Dept Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Renal & Cardiovasc Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    John-Akinola, Yetunde O.
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Johnson, Catherine Owens
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Johnson, Sarah Charlotte
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany.;Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Joo, Tamas
    Semmelweis Univ, Hlth Serv Management Training Ctr, Budapest, Hungary..
    Joshi, Ankur
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Bhopal, India..
    Joukar, Farahnaz
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.;Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran..
    Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
    Univ Opole, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, Opole, Poland..
    Jurisson, Mikk
    Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia..
    Kabir, Ali
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Minimally Invas Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kabir, Zubair
    Univ Coll Cork, Sch Publ Hlth, Cork, Ireland..
    Kalani, Hamed
    Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Golestan Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran..
    Kalani, Rizwan
    Kalankesh, Leila R.
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Kalhor, Rohollah
    Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Qazvin, Iran.;Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran..
    Kamath, Aruna M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kamiab, Zahra
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Unit, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Family Med, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Kanchan, Tanuj
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India..
    Kapoor, Neeti
    Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Matin, Behzad Karami
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Karanikolos, Marina
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, England.;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, European Observ Hlth Syst & Policies, London, England..
    Karch, Andre
    Univ Munster, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, Munster, Germany..
    Karim, Mohd Anisul
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England.;Ctr Therapeut Target Validat, Cambridge, England..
    Karimi, Salah Eddin
    Karimi, Seyed Asaad
    Karimi, Seyed M.
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran.;Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurosci, Hamadan, Iran.;Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol, Hamadan, Iran.;Univ Louisville, Dept Hlth Management & Syst Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.;Louisville Metro Dept Publ Hlth & Wellness, Ctr Hlth Equ, Louisville, KY USA..
    Kasa, Ayele Semachew
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Adult Hlth Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Kassa, Getachew Mullu
    Debre Markos Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
    Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
    Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Kawakami, Norito
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Kayode, Gbenga A.
    Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Int Res Ctr Excellence, Abuja, Nigeria.;Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Karyani, Ali Kazemi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Keddie, Suzanne H.
    Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Oxford, England..
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Univ Nairobi, Open Distance & eLearning Campus, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Keller, Cathleen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kemmer, Laura
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kendrick, Parkes J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kereselidze, Maia
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia..
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan..
    Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Khalid, Nauman
    Univ Management & Technol, Sch Food & Agr Sci, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Khammarnia, Mohammad
    Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Zahedan, Iran..
    Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
    Hlth Serv Acad, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Khan, Gulfaraz
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates..
    Khan, Maseer
    Jazan Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jazan, Saudi Arabia..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea.;Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea..
    Khatab, Khaled
    Sheffield Hallam Univ, Fac Hlth & Wellbeing, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.;Ohio Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Zanesville, OH USA..
    Khater, Amir M.
    Cairo Univ, Natl Hepatol & Trop Med Res Inst, Cairo, Egypt..
    Khater, Mona M.
    Cairo Univ, Dept Med Parasitol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Global Evidence Synth Initiat, Wardha, India..
    Khayamzadeh, Maryam
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran.;Iranian Acad Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Khazaei, Salman
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Khazaie, Habibolah
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Tabriz, Iran.;Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran..
    Khoja, Abdullah T.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.;Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA..
    Khundkar, Roba
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Surg Sci, Oxford, England..
    Kianipour, Neda
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Kieling, Christian
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.;Clin Hosp, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Kim, Cho-Il
    Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South Korea..
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kim, Young-Eun
    Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kim, Yun Jin
    Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Sepang, Malaysia..
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Simmons Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA USA..
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Qatar Univ, Coll Med, Doha, Qatar..
    Kisa, Adnan
    Kristiania Univ Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway.;Tulane Univ, Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA..
    Kisa, Sezer
    Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway..
    Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Econ & Social Secur, Krakow, Poland..
    Kissoon, Niranjan
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kivimaki, Mika
    UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Kneib, Cameron J.
    Univ Washington, Div Plast Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Knibbs, Luke D.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Knight, Megan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Bergen, Norway..
    Kocarnik, Jonathan M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA..
    Kochhar, Sonali
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India..
    Koh, David S. Q.
    Natl Univ Singapore, Saw Swee Hock Sch Publ Hlth, Singapore, Singapore.;Inst Hlth Sci, Gadong, Brunei..
    Kohler, Stefan
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Kolola, Tufa
    Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Komaki, Hamidreza
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Neurophysiol Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran.;Inst Res Fundamental Sci, Brain Engn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kopec, Jacek A.
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Arthrit Res Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada..
    Korotkova, Anna V.
    Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia..
    Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Kotlo, Anirudh
    Vancouver Virol Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Koul, Parvaiz A.
    Sheri Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, India..
    Koyanagi, Ai
    Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.;Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network CIB, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain..
    Kraemer, Moritz U. G.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England..
    Kravchenko, Michael A.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia..
    Krishan, Kewal
    Panjab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, India. Govt Med Coll Thrissur, Dept Psychiat, Trichur, India. Kerala Univ Hlth Scinces, Trichur, India..
    Krohn, Kris J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kromhout, Hans
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Shaji, K. S.
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
    Gazi Univ, Dept Med Educ & Informat, Ankara, Turkey..
    Kugbey, Nuworza
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Ho, Ghana..
    Kulkarni, Vaman
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Kumar, Manasi
    UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England.;Univ Nairobi, Dept Psychiat, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Kumar, Nithin
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Kumar, Pushpendra
    Kumar, Vivek
    Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kumaresh, Girikumar
    Indian Inst Technol, Mech & Ind Engn, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Kurmi, Om P.
    McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat & Environm Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Kusuma, Dian
    Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business Sch, London, England.;Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Depok, Indonesia..
    Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Univ Milan, Dept Clin Sci & Community Hlth, Milan, Italy..
    Lacey, Ben
    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Lallukka, Tea
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Lam, Jennifer O.
    Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Fontana, CA USA..
    Lami, Faris Hasan
    Univ Baghdad, Dept Community & Family Med, Baghdad, Iraq..
    Lan, Qing
    NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Landires, Ivan
    Inst Med Sci, Unit Genet & Publ Hlth, Las Tablas, Panama.;Minist Hlth, Herrera, Panama..
    Lang, Justin J.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Surveillance & Appl Res, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Langan, Sinead M.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London, England..
    Lansingh, Van Charles
    HelpMeSee, New York, NY USA.;Mexican Inst Ophthalmol, Queretaro, Mexico..
    Lansky, Sonia
    Municipal Hlth Dept Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte City Hall, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Larson, Heidi Jane
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Larson, Samantha Leigh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Lasrado, Savita
    Father Muller Med Coll, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Mangalore, India..
    Lassi, Zohra S.
    Univ Adelaide, Robinson Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lauriola, Paolo
    CNR, Inst Clin Physiol, Padua, Italy..
    Lavados, Pablo M.
    German Clin Santiago, Dept Neurol & Psychiat, Santiago, Chile.;Univ Dev, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile..
    Lazarus, Jeffrey V.
    Leal, Lisiane F.
    McGill Univ, Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Jewish Gen Hosp, Ctr Clin Epidemiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Leasher, Janet L.
    Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA..
    Ledesma, Jorge R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lee, Paul H.
    Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
    Monash Univ, Sch Pharm, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Taylors Univ Lakeside Campus, Sch Pharm, Subang Jaya, Malaysia..
    Leever, Andrew T.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    LeGrand, Kate E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Leigh, James
    Univ Sydney, Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Leonardi, Matilde
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Lescinsky, Haley
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Leung, Janni
    Univ Queensland, Ctr Youth Subst Abuse Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Levi, Miriam
    USL Tuscany Ctr, Dept Prevent, Florence, Italy..
    Lewington, Sarah
    Univ Oxford, Med Res Council Populat Hlth Res Unit, Oxford, England.;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England..
    Li, Bingyu
    Shenzhen Univ, Dept Sociol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Li, Shanshan
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lim, Lee-Ling
    Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Shatin, Peoples R China..
    Lin, Christine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lin, Ro-Ting
    China Med Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan.;Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Concord, NSW, Australia..
    Linehan, Christine
    Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Ctr Disabil Studies, Dublin, Ireland..
    Linn, Shai
    Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, Haifa, Israel..
    Listl, Stefan
    Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Dentistry Qual & Safety Oral Hlth Care, Nijmegen, Netherlands.;Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Dept Translat Hlth Econ, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Liu, Hung-Chun
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Liu, Shiwei
    Brown Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Providence, RI 02912 USA..
    Liu, Simin
    Liu, Xuefeng
    Univ Michigan, Dept Syst Populat & Leadership, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    Liu, Yang
    Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Liu, Zichen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lo, Justin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lodha, Rakesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India..
    Logroscino, Giancarlo
    Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Basic Med Sci Neurosci & Sense Organs, Bari, Italy.;Fdn Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hosp, Dept Clin Res Neurol, Tricase, Italy..
    Looker, Katharine J.
    Univ Bristol, Populat Hlth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England..
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Nutr, Manila, Philippines.;Alliance Improving Hlth Outcomes Inc, Quezon City, Philippines..
    Lopukhov, Platon D.
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Lorkowski, Stefan
    Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Nutr Sci, Jena, Germany.;Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth nutriCA, Jena, Germany..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Lozano, Rafael
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lu, Alton
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lucas, Tim C. D.
    Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Oxford, England..
    Lugo, Alessandra
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy..
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Liverpool Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Gen Surg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.;Univ Liverpool, Dept Surg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Lyons, Ronan A.
    Swansea Univ, Sch Med, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Ma, Jianing
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Machado, Daiane Borges
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Global Mental Hlth CGMH, London, England.;Oswald Cruz Fdn FIOCRUZ, Ctr Integrat Data & Hlth Knowledge, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    MacLachlan, Jennifer H.
    Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Epidemiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Madadin, Mohammed
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Pathol, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Maddison, Emilie R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Maddison, Ralph
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Madotto, Fabiana
    IRCCS MultiMed, Value Based Healthcare, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy..
    Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
    Mansoura Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Mansoura, Egypt..
    Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy
    Minist Hlth Populat, Dept Ophthalmol, Aswan, Egypt..
    Mahasha, Phetole Walter
    South African Med Res Council, Grants Innovat & Product Dev Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi
    Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran.;Michigan State Univ, Acad Med Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Mahmoudi, Morteza
    Michigan State Univ, Radiol & Precis Hlth Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Mai, Hue Thi
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Malagon-Rojas, Jeadran N.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Res, Bogota, Colombia.;El Bosque Univ, Fac Med, Bogota, Colombia..
    Maled, Venkatesh
    Rajiv Gandhi Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.;Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Univ, Dept Forens Med, Dharwad, Karnataka, India..
    Maleki, Afshin
    Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran..
    Maleki, Shokofeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Mamun, Abdullah A.
    Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Manafi, Amir
    Univ Virginia, Dept Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA..
    Manafi, Navid
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Manitoba, Dept Ophthalmol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada..
    Manda, Ana Laura
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.;Emergency Univ Hosp Bucharest, Dept Gen Surg 1, Bucharest, Romania..
    Manguerra, Helena
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.;Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran..
    Mansouri, Borhan
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Subst Abuse Prevent Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran..
    Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Psychiat Epidemiol & Burden Dis Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
    Univ Zambia, Dept Populat Studies, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Maravilla, Joemer C.
    Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Marks, Ashley
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Martin, Randall V.
    Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.;Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA..
    Martini, Santi
    Airlangga Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Surabaya, Indonesia.;Indonesian Publ Hlth Assoc, Surabaya, Indonesia..
    Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
    Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil..
    Martopullo, Ira
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Masaka, Anthony
    Botho Univ Botswana, Fac Hlth & Educ, Gaborone, Botswana..
    Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Midwifery, Hamadan, Iran..
    Massano, Joao
    Univ Porto, Dept Clin Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Porto, Portugal.;Univ Hosp Ctr Sao Joao, Dept Neurol, Porto, Portugal..
    Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard
    Univ Washington, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mathur, Manu Raj
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Policy Res, Gurugram, India.;Univ Liverpool, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Matsushita, Kunihiro
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Maulik, Pallab K.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Div Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    May, Erin A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London, England..
    McAlinden, Colm
    Singleton Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    McGrath, John J.
    Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Mckee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, England..
    Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo
    Autonomous Univ Hidalgo State, Acad Area Dent, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico..
    Meharie, Birhanu Geta
    Wollo Univ, Dept Pharm, Dessie, Ethiopia..
    Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
    Janakpuri Super Specialty Hosp Soc, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India.;Govind Ballabh Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India..
    Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mehri, Fereshteh
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Nutr Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mehrotra, Ravi
    Indian Council Med Res, India Canc Res Consortium, New Delhi, India..
    Mehta, Kala M.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA USA..
    Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Mekonnen, Teferi
    Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway..
    Melese, Addisu
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Memiah, Peter T. N.
    Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA..
    Memish, Ziad A.
    Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Minist Hlth, Res & Innovat Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Mendoza, Walter
    United Nations Populat Fund UNFPA, Peru Country Off, Lima, Peru..
    Menezes, Ritesh G.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Forens Med Div, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Mengesha, Meresa Berwo
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Midwifery, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Mensah, George A.
    Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa.;NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Mereke, Alibek
    Asfendiyarov Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    Mereta, Seid Tiku
    Jimma Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Technol, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Meretoja, Atte
    Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neurol Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Meretoja, Tuomo J.
    Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Mestrovic, Tomislav
    Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia.;Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia..
    Miazgowski, Bartosz
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Ctr Innovat Med Educ, Szczecin, Poland.;Pomeranian Med Univ, Szczecin, Poland..
    Miazgowski, Tomasz
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Propedeut Internal Dis & Arterial Hypertens, Szczecin, Poland..
    Michalek, Irmina Maria
    Vaud Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Women Mother Child, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Miller, Ted R.
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia.;Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA..
    Mills, Edward J.
    McMaster Univ, Dept Hlth Res Methods Evidence & Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Milne, George J.
    Univ Western Australia, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Mini, G. K.
    Ananthapuri Hosp & Res Inst, Global Inst Publ Hlth, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Womens Inst Social & Hlth Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Sabzevar Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Sabzevar, Iran..
    Miri, Mohammad
    Sabzevar Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Sabzevar, Iran..
    Mirica, Andreea
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Internal Med Programme, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.;Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan..
    Mirzaei, Hamed
    Kashan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Biochem & Nutr Metab Dis, Kashan, Iran..
    Mirzaei, Maryam
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Rehabil & Sports Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Mirzaei, Roya
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Water Qual Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Comprehens Res Lab, Tehran, Iran..
    Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mitchell, Philip B.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Mithra, Prasanna
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Moazen, Babak
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany.;Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Inst Addict Res ISFF, Frankfurt, Germany..
    Moghadaszadeh, Masoud
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran.;Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Mol Med Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Mohajer, Bahram
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohamad, Osama
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA USA..
    Mohamadi, Efat
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hlth Equ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohammad, Dara K.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden.;Salahaddin Univ Erbil, Dept Forestry, Erbil, Iraq..
    Mohammad, Yousef
    King Saud Univ, Dept Internal Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat, Hamadan, Iran..
    Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Qom, Iran.;Qom Univ Med Sci, Neurosci Res Ctr, Qom, Iran..
    Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
    Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahrekord, Iran..
    Mohammadifard, Noushin
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran..
    Mohammadpourhodki, Reza
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Kashmar Ctr Higher Hlth Educ, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran..
    Mohammed, Ammas Siraj
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Mohammed, Hussen
    Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Mohammed, Jemal Abdu
    Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia..
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany.;Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Mohebi, Farnam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Natl Inst Hlth Res NIHR, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Bandpei, Mohammad A. Mohseni
    Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Pediat Neurorehabilitat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mokari, Amin
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Nutr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England..
    Momen, Natalie C.
    Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy..
    Mondello, Stefania
    Messina Univ, Dept Biomed & Dent Sci & Morphofunct Imaging, Messina, Italy..
    Mooney, Meghan D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Moosazadeh, Mahmood
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Moradi, Ghobad
    Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj, Iran.;Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran..
    Moradi, Masoud
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Moradi-Joo, Mohammad
    Iran Hlth Insurance Org, Natl Ctr Hlth Insurance Res, Tehran, Iran..
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran..
    Moraga, Paula
    Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath, Avon, England..
    Morales, Linda
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Poplulat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Morawska, Lidia
    Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Velasquez, Ilais Moreno
    Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama..
    Morgado-da-Costa, Joana
    Univ Porto, Hosp Ctr Porto, Porto, Portugal..
    Morrison, Shane Douglas
    Univ Washington, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mosapour, Abbas
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol, Iran.;Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran..
    Mosser, Jonathan F.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mouodi, Simin
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran..
    Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi
    Univ Campinas Unicamp, Dept Food Sci, Campinas, Brazil..
    Mueller, Ulrich Otto
    Ctr Populat & Hlth, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Mukhopadhyay, Satinath
    Seth Sukhlal Karnani Mem Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kolkata, India..
    Mullany, Erin C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mumford, John Everett
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Munro, Sandra B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Muriithi, Moses K.
    Univ Nairobi, Sch Econ, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Sci Univ Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia..
    Mustafa, Ghulam
    Childrens Hosp & Inst Child Hlth, Dept Pediat Med, Multan, Pakistan.;Inst Mother & Child Care, Dept Pediat & Pediat Pulmonol, Multan, Pakistan..
    Muthupandian, Saravanan
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Nabavizadeh, Behnam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Urol, Tehran, Iran..
    Nabhan, Ashraf F.
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cairo, Egypt.;Egyptian Ctr Evidence Based Med, Knowledge Translat & Utilizat Unit, Mansoura, Egypt..
    Naderi, Mehdi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
    Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.;Bioinsilico Technol, Dept Res & Analyt, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany..
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Naghshtabrizi, Behshad
    Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Naik, Gurudatta
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA..
    Naimzada, Mukhammad David
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Kursk State Med Univ, Expt Surg & Oncol Lab, Kursk, Russia..
    Nair, Sanjeev
    Govt Med Coll Trivandrum, Dept Pulm Med, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Hlth Act People, Trivandrum, Kerala, India..
    Najafi, Farid
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Epidemiol & Biostat Dept, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Naldi, Luigi
    San Bortolo Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Vicenza, Italy.;Italian Grp Epidemiol Res Dermatol GISED Study Ct, Study Ctr, Bergamo, Italy..
    Nandakumar, Vishnu
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nandi, Anita K.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Nangia, Vinay
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Nansseu, Jobert Richie
    Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Control Dis Epidem & Pandem, Yaounde, Cameroon.;Univ Yaounde I, Dept Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Naserbakht, Morteza
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Nayak, Vinod C.
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Nazari, Javad
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Arak, Iran..
    Ndejjo, Rawlance
    Makerere Univ, Dis Control & Environm Hlth, Kampala, Uganda..
    Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith
    South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Negoi, Ionut
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.;Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania..
    Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Anat & Embryol, Bucharest, Romania.;Cardio Aid, Bucharest, Romania..
    Netsere, Henok Biresaw
    Univ Gondar, Sch Nursing, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Bahir Dar Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Surg Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Neupane, Subas
    Univ Tampere, Dept Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland..
    Ngari, Kiirithio N.
    Synotech Consultants, Res & Stat Unit, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Nguefack-Tsague, Georges
    Univ Yaounde I, Dept Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
    Univ Embu, Dept Biol Sci, Embu, Kenya..
    Nguyen, Cuong Tat
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Diep Ngoc
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam.;Duy Tan Univ, Fac Pharm, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Jason
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nguyen, Michele
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Oxford, Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford, England..
    Nguyen, Ming
    Nguyen, Trang Huyen
    Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Nichols, Emma
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nigatu, Dabere
    Nigatu, Yeshambel T.
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.;Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Inst Mental Hlth Policy Res, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Nikbakhsh, Rajan
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Obes Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Nikpoor, Amin Reza
    Hormozgan Univ Med Sci, Bandar Abbas, Iran..
    Nixon, Molly R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nnaji, Chukwudi A.
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Nomura, Shuhei
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan.;Keio Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tokyo, Japan..
    Norheim, Ole F.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway..
    Norrving, Bo
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmö, Sweden..
    Noubiap, Jean Jacques
    Univ Adelaide, Ctr Heart Rhythm Disorders, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Nowak, Christoph
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nsoesie, Elaine Okanyene
    Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Nunez-Samudio, Virginia
    Inst Med Sci, Unit Microbiol & Publ Hlth, Las Tablas, Panama.;Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Herrera, Panama..
    Oancea, Bogdan
    Univ Bucharest, Adm & Econ Sci Dept, Bucharest, Romania..
    Odell, Christopher M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Oghenetega, Onome Bright
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Oh, In-Hwan
    Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera
    Minist Hlth, Dis Surveillance & Epidem Response, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Oladnabi, Morteza
    Golestan Univ Med Sci, Gorgan Congenital Malformat Res Ctr, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran..
    Olagunju, Andrew T.
    McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Bali, Ahmed Omar
    Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Omer, Muktar Omer
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Ong, Kanyin L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ong, Sokking
    Pantai Jerudong Specialist Ctr, Early Detect & Canc Prevent Serv, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.;Pantai Jerudong Specialist Ctr, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.;Minist Hlth, Noncommunicable Dis Prevent Unit, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei..
    Onwujekwe, Obinna E.
    Univ Nigeria Nsukka, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Enugu, Nigeria..
    Oren, Eyal
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA..
    Orji, Aislyn U.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Orpana, Heather M.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Subst Related Harms Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Ottawa, Sch Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.
    Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Hlth Syst Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Ortiz, Alberto
    Autonomous Univ Madrid, Dept Med, Madrid, Spain.;Fdn Jimenez Diaz Univ Hosp, Inst Hlth Res, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Madrid, Spain..
    Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo
    Univ Benin, Dept Environm Management & Toxicol, Benin, Nigeria..
    Osei, Frank B.
    Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands.;Univ Energy & Nat Resources, Dept Math & Stat, Sunyani, Ghana..
    Ostojic, Sergej M.
    Univ Novi Sad, Biomed Sci, Novi Sad, Serbia..
    Ostroff, Samuel M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Oiu, Adrian O.
    Otstavnov, Nikita
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia..
    Otstavnov, Stanislav S.
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Project Management, Moscow, Russia. Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Acad Hlth Educ &, Dept Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India..
    Overland, Simon
    Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Mental & Phys Hlth, Bergen, Norway..
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Section, Mahesh P. A.
    Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med, Mangalore, India..
    Pakhale, Smita
    Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Pakhare, Abhijit P.
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Bhopal, India..
    Pakshir, Keyvan
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Shiraz, Iran..
    Palladino, Raffaele
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy..
    Pana, Adrian
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Evaluat, Dept Hlth Metr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
    Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pandey, Anamika
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Dept Res, Gurugram, India..
    Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha
    Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Park, Eun-Kee
    Kosin Univ, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Busan, South Korea..
    Park, James
    Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Parmar, Priya G. Kumari
    Auckland Univ Technol, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Auckland, New Zealand.;Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Parry, Charles D. H.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Pasovic, Maja
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pasupula, Deepak Kumar
    Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA..
    Patel, Jenil R.
    Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA..
    Patel, Sangram Kishor
    Populat Council, Dept Poverty Gender & Youth, New Delhi, India..
    Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J.
    Univ Sinu, Sch Med, Cartagena, Colombia..
    Pathak, Ashish
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth Hlth Syst & Policy HSP Med, Stockholm, Sweden.;RD Gardi Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India..
    Pathak, Mona
    Kalinga Inst Med Sci, Dept Res & Dev, Bhubaneswar, India..
    Patten, Scott B.
    Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Populat Hlth Theme, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Paudel, Deepak
    Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany.;Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Paudel, Sagun
    Publ Hlth Youth Soc Nepal, Pokhara, Nepal.;Publ Hlth Update, Pokhara, Nepal..
    Paulson, Katherine R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Pease, Spencer A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Peden, Amy E.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Douglas, Qld, Australia..
    Pennini, Alyssa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
    Ateneo Manila Univ, Ctr Res & Innovat, Pasig, Philippines..
    Peprah, Emmanuel K.
    NYU, Sch Global Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA..
    Pereira, Alexandre
    Harvard Univ, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Genet & Mol Cardiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Pereira, David M.
    Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal..
    Pereira, Jeevan
    Yenepoya Med Coll, Dept Orthoped, Mangalore, India..
    Perico, Norberto
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Pescarini, Julia Moreira
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Integrat Data & Hlth Knowledge, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    Pesudovs, Konrad
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Pham, Hai Quang
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Phillips, Michael R.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA.;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Piccinelli, Cristiano
    City Hlth & Sci Univ Hosp Turin, SSD Epidemiol Screening, Turin, Italy..
    Pierce, Maxwell
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pigott, David M.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pilgrim, Thomas
    Univ Bern, Dept Cardiol, Bern, Switzerland..
    Pilz, Tessa M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pinheiro, Marina
    Univ Porto, Dept Chem, Porto, Portugal..
    Piradov, Michael A.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia..
    Pirsaheb, Meghdad
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Pishgar, Farhad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer
    Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Plass, Dietrich
    German Environm Agcy, Dept Environm Hyg, Dessau Rosslau, Germany..
    Pletcher, Martin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
    Integrated Dev Fdn Nepal, HIV & Mental Hlth Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Polibin, Roman V.
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Polinder, Suzanne
    Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Polkinghorne, Kevan R.
    Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Pond, Constance Dimity
    Univ Newcastle, Discipline Gen Practice, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    Postma, Maarten J.
    Univ Groningen, Sch Business & Econ, Groningen, Netherlands.;Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Pottoo, Faheem Hyder
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Pourjafar, Hadi
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Dietary Supplements & Probiot Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran.;Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Maragheh, Iran..
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Emergency Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Pourshams, Akram
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Poznanska, Anna
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Monitoring & Anal, Warsaw, Poland..
    Prada, Sergio I.
    ICESI Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Valle Lili Fdn, Cali, Colombia.;ICESI Univ, Ctr Studies Social Protect & Hlth Econ, Cali, Colombia..
    Prakash, Sanjay
    Smt BKS Med Inst & Res Ctr, Dept Neurol, Vadodara, India..
    Prakash, V.
    Charotar Univ Sci & Technol, Rita Patel Inst Physiotherapy, Anand, Gujarat, India..
    Prasad, Narayan
    Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Preotescu, Liliana
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania.;Natl Inst Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania..
    Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga
    Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Hlth Sci, Sukoharjo, Indonesia..
    Pupillo, Elisabetta
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy..
    Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India..
    Rabiee, Mohammad
    Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Tehran, Iran..
    Rabiee, Navid
    Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran..
    Radfar, Amir
    Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA..
    Rafiee, Ata
    Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada..
    Rafiei, Alireza
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Sari, Iran.;Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Raggi, Alberto
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Rahim, Fakher
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Metabol & Genom Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Res Ctr, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iranian Natl Ctr Addict Studies INCAS, Tehran, Iran..
    Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
    La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Maharishi Markandeshwar Inst Med Sci & Res, Dept Community Med, Ambala, India..
    Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
    Federat Univ Australia, Sch Nursing & Healthcare Profess, Berwick, Vic, Australia..
    Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali
    Birjand Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Birjand, Iran..
    Rajati, Fatemeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Rakovac, Ivo
    World Hlth Org WHO, European Off Prevent & Control Noncommunicable Di, Geneva, Switzerland..
    Ram, Pradhum
    Emory Univ, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Ramezanzadeh, Kiana
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Tehran, Iran..
    Rana, Saleem Muhammad
    Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.;Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
    Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal.;Global Ctr Res & Dev, Hlth & Publ Policy Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Ranta, Annemarei
    Univ Otago, Dept Med, Wellington, New Zealand.;Capital & Coast Dist Hlth Board, Dept Neurol, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Rao, Puja C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rao, Sowmya J.
    Srinivas Inst Dent Sci, Dept Oral Pathol, Mangalore, India..
    Rasella, Davide
    Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Collect Hlth, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    Rashedi, Vahid
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran Inst Psychiat, Tehran, Iran..
    Rastogi, Prateek
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Rath, Goura Kishor
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Delhi, India.;All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Delhi, India..
    Rathi, Priya
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India..
    Rawaf, David Laith
    Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England.;Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England..
    Rawaf, Salman
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England..
    Rawal, Lal
    CQ Univ, Sch Hlth Med & Appl Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Rawassizadeh, Reza
    Boston Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Rawat, Ramu
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Math Demog & Stat, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Razo, Christian
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Boston, Sofia
    Regassa, Lemma Demissie
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Reiner, Robert C., Jr.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Reinig, Nickolas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Reitsma, Marissa Bettay
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Remuzzi, Giuseppe
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Renjith, Vishnu
    Royal Coll Surg Ireland Bahrain, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Muharraq Governorate, Bahrain..
    Renzaho, Andre M. N.
    Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Sydney, Vic, Australia.;Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Resnikoff, Serge
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Brien Holden Vis Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Rezaei, Negar
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun NIIMA, Tehran, Iran..
    Rezaei, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Pediat Infect Dis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Rezapour, Aziz
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne
    Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
    Birjand Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Dis Res Ctr, Birjand, Iran..
    Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Ctr Telehlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.;Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Internal Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Ribeiro, Daniel Cury
    Univ Otago, Sch Physiotherapy, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Ribeiro, Daniela
    Univ Porto, Dept Chem Sci, Porto, Portugal..
    Rickard, Jennifer
    Univ Minnesota, Dept Surg, Box 242 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Teaching Hosp Kigali, Dept Surg, Kigali, Rwanda..
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Robalik, Toshana
    Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
    Roberts, Shaun
    Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Robinson, Stephen R.
    RMIT Univ, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Roever, Leonardo
    Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil..
    Rolfe, Sam
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Romoli, Michele
    Univ Perugia, Dept Neurosci, Perugia, Italy.;Rimini Infermi Hosp AUSL Romagna, Dept Neurol, Rimini, Italy..
    Ronfani, Luca
    Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy..
    Room, Robin
    La Trobe Univ, Ctr Alcohol Policy Res CAPR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Stockholm Univ, Ctr Social Res Alcohol & Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol GRCGH, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran..
    Rostamian, Morteza
    Gonabad Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Gonabad, Iran..
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Div Cardiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rothenbacher, Dietrich
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany..
    Rubagotti, Enrico
    Agrosavia, Palmira, Colombia..
    Rumisha, Susan Fred
    Univ Oxford, Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford, England.;Natl Inst Med Res, Dept Hlth Stat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania..
    Rwegerera, Godfrey M.
    Univ Botswana, Dept Internal Med, Gaborone, Botswana..
    Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad
    Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Rochester, MN USA..
    Sabour, Siamak
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran..
    Sachdev, Perminder S.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Prince Wales Hosp, Neuropsychiat Inst, Randwick, NSW, Australia..
    Saddik, Basema
    Univ Sharjah, Dept Family & Community Med, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates..
    Sadeghi, Ehsan
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sadeghi, Masoumeh
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Cardiac Rehabil Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Saeedi, Reza
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Safety & Environm HSE, Tehran, Iran..
    Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Saeidi, Shahram
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Safari, Yahya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Safi, Sare
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Safiri, Saeid
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Aging Res Inst, Tabriz, Iran.;Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tabriz, Iran..
    Sagar, Rajesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, New Delhi, India..
    Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Neurogen Inflammat Res Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.;Food & Drug Adm Islamic Republ Iran, Halal Res Ctr IRI, Tehran, Iran..
    Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Sajadi, S. Mohammad
    Soran Univ, Dept Phytochem, Soran, Iraq.;Cihan Univ Erbil, Dept Nutr, Kurdistan Region, Iraq..
    Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Anat Sci, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Salam, Nasir
    Cent Univ Punjab, Dept Microbiol, Bathinda, India..
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Hlth Hub, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Salamati, Payman
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Zahabi, Saleh Salehi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Kermanshah, Iran.;Taleghani Hosp, Res Dept, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Salem, Hosni
    Cairo Univ, Dept Urol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Salem, Marwa R.
    Cairo Univ, Publ Hlth & Community Med Dept, Cairo, Egypt..
    Salimi, Yahya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Salimzadeh, Hamideh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Salman, Omar Mukhtar
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England.;Amer Univ Beirut, Global Hlth Inst, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Salz, Inbal
    Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Samad, Zainab
    Duke Univ, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA..
    Kafil, Hossein Samadi
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Drug Appl Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Sambala, Evanson Zondani
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Samy, Abdallah M.
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Sanabria, Juan
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.;Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA..
    Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Santomauro, Damian Francesco
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, West Moreton Hosp Hlth Serv, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Santos, Joao Vasco
    Univ Porto, Ctr Hlth Technol & Serv Res, Porto, Portugal.;Northern Reg Hlth Adm, ACES Grande Porto VIII Espinho Gaia, Publ Hlth Unit, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal..
    Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia.;Univ Belgrade, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
    PSG Inst Med Sci & Res, Dept Community Med, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.;PSG FAIMER South Asia Reg Inst, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo
    Univ Appl & Environm Sci, Fac Med, Bogota, Colombia.;Carlos III Hlth Inst, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain..
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran.;Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Sartorius, Benn
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sarveazad, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Colorectal Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Sathian, Brijesh
    Hamad Med Corp, Dept Geriatr & Long Term Care, Doha, Qatar.;Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset, England..
    Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu
    McMaster Univ, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Sattin, Davide
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Savic, Miloje
    GSK Biol, Wavre, Belgium..
    Sawyer, Susan M.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Adolescent Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Saxena, Deepak
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India.;Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Gandhinagar, India..
    Saxena, Sonia
    Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Saylan, Mete
    Bayer, Market Access, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Sbarra, Alyssa N.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Schaeffer, Lauren E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Schiavolin, Silvia
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Schlaich, Markus P.
    Univ Western Australia, Dobney Hypertens Ctr, Perth, WA, Australia.;Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Hypertens & Kidney Dis Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Schmidt, Maria Ines
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
    Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;North West Univ, Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwebel, David C.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA..
    Schwendicke, Falk
    Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Oral Diag Digital Hlth & Hlth Serv Res, Berlin, Germany..
    Seedat, Soraya
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Sekerija, Mario
    Univ Zagreb, Dept Med Stat Epidemiol & Med Informat, Zagreb, Croatia.;Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Chron Noncommunicable Di, Zagreb, Croatia..
    Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Senthilkumaran, Subramanian
    Manian Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Erode, India..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Serdar, Berrin
    Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA.;Environm Hlth Associates LLC, Englewood, CO USA..
    Serre, Marc L.
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Servan-Mori, Edson
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Sha, Feng
    Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Ctr Biomed Informat Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Shabani, Mahsima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Cardiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Shackelford, Katya Anne
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Shadid, Jamileh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Shafaat, Omid
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Shahabi, Saeed
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, Shiraz, Iran..
    Shahbaz, Mohammad
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran..
    Shaheen, Amira A.
    An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine..
    Shaikh, Masood Ali
    Shalash, Ali S.
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Karaj, Iran..
    Shamsi, MohammadBagher
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Rehabil & Sports Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Shamsizadeh, Morteza
    Univ Borås, Fac Caring Sci Work Life & Social Welf, Borås, Sweden..
    Shannawaz, Mohammed
    BLDE Univ, Dept Community Med, Vijayapur, India..
    Sharafi, Kiomars
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sharafi, Zeinab
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Razi Herbal Med Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Sharara, Fablina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sharifi, Hamid
    Kerman Univ Med Sci, HIV STI Surveillance Res Ctr & WHO Collaborating, Kerman, Iran..
    Sharma, Rajesh
    Delhi Technol Univ, Univ Sch Management & Entrepreneurship, Delhi, India..
    Shaw, David H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sheena, Brittney S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sheikh, Aziz
    Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Edinburgh, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Sheikhtaheri, Abbas
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Informat Management, Tehran, Iran..
    Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Shetty, Ranjitha S.
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India.;Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Kings Coll London, Inst Populat Hlth, London, England..
    Shield, Kevin David
    Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Inst Mental Hlth Policy Res, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw
    Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Shigematsu, Mika
    Natl Inst Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania..
    Il Shin, Jae
    Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shiri, Rahman
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Shirkoohi, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Biol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Shivakumar, K. M.
    Krishna Inst Med Sci, Fac Dent Sci, Karad, India..
    Shrime, Mark G.
    Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Shuval, Kerem
    Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, Haifa, Israel..
    Siabani, Soraya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Kermanshah, Iran.;Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Sierpinski, Radoslaw
    Med Res Agcy, Warsaw, Poland.;Cardinal Wyszynski Univ, Sch Med, Warsaw, Poland..
    Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
    Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY USA.;Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig
    Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Silva, Joao Pedro
    Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal..
    Simonetti, Biagio
    Univ Sannio, Dept Law Econ Management & Quantitat Methods, Benevento, Italy.;WSB Univ, Gdansk, Poland..
    Simpson, Kyle E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Singh, Ambrish
    Univ Tasmania, Menzies Inst Med Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia.;Eli Lilly & Co, Global Patient Outcome & Real World Evidence, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA..
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA.;US Dept Vet Affairs VA, Med Serv, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Singh, Pushpendra
    Indian Inst Technol, Dept Humanities & Social Sci, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
    Sch Prevent Oncol, Dept Epidemiol, Patna, Bihar, India.;Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Skiadaresi, Eirini
    Hywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Llanelli, Wales..
    Skou, Soren T.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Sports Sci & Clin Biomech, Odense, Denmark.;Naestved Slagelse Ringsted Hosp, Dept Physiotherapy & Occupat Therapy, Slagelse, Denmark..
    Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
    Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia..
    Sliwa, Karen
    Univ Cape Town, Hatter Inst Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Smith, Amanda
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Smith, Emma U. R.
    Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Pain Management Res Inst PMRI, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Sobngwi, Eugene
    Univ Yaounde I, Dept Internal Med & Specialties, Yaounde, Cameroon.;Yaounde Cent Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Diabet, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Soheili, Amin
    Semnan Univ Med Sci, Nursing Care Res Ctr, Semnan, Iran..
    Sokhan, Anton
    Kharkiv Natl Med Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Kharkiv, Ukraine..
    Soltani, Shahin
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo
    Univ Witwatersrand, Demog & Populat Studies Dept, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Soofi, Moslem
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Soriano, Joan B.
    Autonomous Univ Madrid, Princess Univ Hosp, Madrid, Spain.;Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Madrid, Spain..
    Sorrie, Muluken Bekele
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Soshnikov, Sergey
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Res Dev Dept, Moscow, Russia..
    Soyiri, Ireneous N.
    Univ Hull, Hull York Med Sch, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England..
    Spencer, Cory N.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Spotin, Adel
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Tabriz, Iran..
    Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
    Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Srinivasan, Vinay
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Sripada, Kam
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Global Hlth Inequal Res CHAIN, Trondheim, Norway..
    Stanaway, Jeffrey D.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Stark, Benjamin A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Steel, Nicholas
    Publ Hlth England, London, England.;Univ East Anglia, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
    Stefan, Simona Catalina
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Management, Bucharest, Romania..
    Stein, Caroline
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Stein, Dan J.
    South African Med Res Council, Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Steiner, Caitlyn
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Steiner, Timothy J.
    Imperial Coll London, Div Brain Sci, London, England.;Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neuromed & Movement Sci, Trondheim, Norway..
    Steuben, Krista M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Stockfelt, Leo
    Univ Gothenburg, Occupat & Environm Med Dept, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Stokes, Mark A.
    Deakin Univ, Dept Psychol, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Stovner, Lars Jacob
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neuromed & Movement Sci, Trondheim, Norway.;St Olavs Hosp, Dept Neurol & Clin Neurophysiol, Trondheim, Norway..
    Straif, Kurt
    Boston Coll, Schiller Inst, Boston, MA USA..
    Stranges, Saverio
    Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada.;Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Stubbs, Jacob L.
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Suchdev, Parminder S.
    Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Sudaryanto, Agus
    Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Nursing, Sukoharjo, Indonesia..
    Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
    Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Agr & Food Syst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi
    Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Epidemiol, New Delhi, India.;Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Dept Stat, Tirunelveli, India..
    Sulo, Gerhard
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway..
    Sultan, Iyad
    King Hussein Canc Ctr, Serv Pediat, Amman, Jordan.;Univ Jordan, Dept Pediat, Amman, Jordan..
    Swope, Carolyn B.
    Delos Living, Delos Labs, New York, NY USA..
    Sykes, Bryan L.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA..
    Sylte, Dillon O.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Szocska, Miklos
    Semmelweis Univ, Fac Hlth & Publ Adm, Budapest, Hungary..
    Szumowski, Lukasz
    Inst Cardiol Poland, Minister Hlth, Warsaw, Poland..
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Carlos III Hlth Inst, Barcelona, Spain.;Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain..
    Tabb, Karen M.
    Univ Illinois, Sch Social Work, Urbana, IL 61801 USA..
    Tabuchi, Takahiro
    Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan..
    Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar
    Griffith Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu
    Arbaminch Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Arbaminch, Ethiopia..
    Tadesse, Degena Bahrey
    Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Taherkhani, Amir
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, Hamadan, Iran..
    Tahir, Zarfishan
    Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Tajdini, Masih
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Takahashi, Ken
    Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Concord, NSW, Australia..
    Takala, Jukka S.
    Univ Tampere, Dept Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland.;Monteporzio Catone, Int Comion Occupat Hlth, Rome, Italy..
    Tamiru, Animut Tagele
    Univ Gondar, Dept Midwifery, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Tang, Muming
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Tanser, Frank C.
    Africa Hlth Res Inst, Berea, South Africa..
    Tareque, Md Ismail
    Univ Rajshahi, Dept Populat Sci & Human Resource Dev, Rajshahi, Bangladesh..
    Tarigan, Ingan Ukur
    Natl Inst Hlth Res Dev, Res & Dev Ctr Humanities & Hlth Management, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Taveira, Nuno
    Univ Inst Egas Moniz, Monte De Caparica, Portugal.;Univ Lisbon, Res Inst Med, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Taylor, Heather Jean
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Teagle, Whitney L.
    NIH, NEI, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Teame, Hirut
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Tediosi, Fabrizio
    Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland..
    Tefera, Yonas Getaye
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
    King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Terrason, Sonyah
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Thakur, Bhaskar
    Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Vet Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr MA, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Texas Tech Univ, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, El Paso, TX USA..
    Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
    Cent Univ Kerala, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Kasaragod, India..
    Thapar, Rekha
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Thomas, Nihal
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Vellore, India..
    Thomson, Azalea M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Thrift, Amanda G.
    Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Thurston, George D.
    NYU, Dept Environm Med, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA..
    Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Russian Acad Sci, Timiryazev Inst Plant Physiol, Moscow, Russia..
    Tlou, Boikhutso
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Discipline Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa..
    Tohidinik, Hamid Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, HIV STI Surveillance Res Ctr & WHO Collaborating, Kerman, Iran..
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland.;Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Topouzis, Fotis
    Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Ophthalmol 1, Thessaloniki, Greece..
    Torre, Anna E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Touvier, Mathilde
    Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res INSERM, Nutrit Epidemiol Res Team EREN, Paris, France.;Sorbonne Paris Nord Univ, Hlth Med & Human Biol, Bobigny, France..
    Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Modestum LTD, London, England..
    Traini, Eugenio
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Tran, Bach Xuan
    Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Travillian, Ravensara
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Trias-Llimos, Sergi
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Troeger, Christopher E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Truelsen, Thomas Clement
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Tsai, Alexander C.
    Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA.;Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Mbarara, Uganda..
    Tsatsakis, Aristidis
    Univ Crete, Dept Med, Iraklion, Greece..
    Car, Lorainne Tudor
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore..
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Barcelona, Spain.;St John God Hlth Pk, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain..
    Uddin, Riaz
    Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Ullah, Irfan
    Iqra Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Peshawar, Pakistan.;Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan..
    Ullah, Saif
    Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan..
    Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David
    Alex Ekwueme Fed Univ Teaching Hosp Abakaliki, Dept Community Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
    Undurraga, Eduardo A.
    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Govt, Santiago, Chile.;Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Waltham, MA USA..
    Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India..
    Upadhyay, Era
    Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Univ Warwick, Div Hlth Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Vacante, Marco
    Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy..
    Vaicekonyte, Regina
    Delos Living, Delos Labs, New York, NY USA..
    Vakilian, Alireza
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Valdez, Pascual R.
    Argentine Soc Med, Board Directos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.;Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Valli, Alessandro
    Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy..
    Van Donkelaar, Aaron
    Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Vardavas, Constantine
    Univ Crete, Toxicol Lab, Iraklion, Greece..
    Varughese, Santosh
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Nephrol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
    UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland..
    Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales
    Univ Brasilia, Dept Stat, Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Vasseghian, Yasser
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Veisani, Yousef
    Ilam Univ Med Sci, Psychosocial Injuries Res Ctr, Ilam, Iran..
    Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
    Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore.;Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore..
    Vidale, Simone
    Infermi Hosp, Dept Neurol, Rimini, Italy.;St Anna Hosp, Dept Neurol, Como, Italy.;St Anna Hosp, Stroke Unit, Como, Italy..
    Violante, Francesco S.
    Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy.;St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy..
    Vlassov, Vasily
    Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia..
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vongpradith, Avina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vos, Theo
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vu, Giang Thu
    Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Vujcic, Isidora S.
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Inst Epidemiol, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Vukovic, Ana
    Univ Belgrade, Dept Pediat & Prevent Dent, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Vukovic, Rade
    Univ Belgrade, Sch Med, Belgrade, Serbia.;Mother & Child Healthcare Inst Serbia Dr Vukan Cu, Dept Pediat Endocrinol, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel W.
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Waheed, Yasir
    Fdn Univ Islamabad, Fdn Univ Med Coll, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Wallin, Mitchell Taylor
    Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.;George Washington Univ, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC USA..
    Walters, Magdalene K.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wamai, Richard G.
    Univ Nairobi, Sch Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya.;Northeastern Univ, Cultures Soc & Global Studies & Integrated Initia, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Wang, Fang
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Haidong
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Hongbo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wang, Jiayu
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wang, Yafeng
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Yanzhong
    Wang, Yuan-Pang
    Ward, Joseph L.
    UCL, Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, London, England..
    Watson, Alexandrea
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Watson, Stefanie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wei, Jingkai
    George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC USA..
    Wei, Melissa Y. Wei
    Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA..
    Weintraub, Robert G.
    Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Crit Care & Neurosci Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Weiss, Daniel J.
    Univ Oxford, Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford, England..
    Weiss, Jordan
    Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.;Univ Penn, Ctr Populat Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Welay, Fissaha Tekulu
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Midwifery, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay
    Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Aging Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    West, J. Jason
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Westerman, Ronny
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Whisnant, Joanna L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Whiteford, Harvey A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Wiangkham, Taweewat
    Naresuan Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Phitsanulok, Thailand..
    Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana
    Rajarata Univ Sri Lanka, Dept Community Med, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka..
    Wiens, Kirsten E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wijeratne, Tissa
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Neurol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Rajarata, Dept Med, Saliyapura Anuradhapuray, Sri Lanka..
    Wilner, Lauren B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wilson, Shadrach
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wiysonge, Charles Shey
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Monitoring & Anal, Warsaw, Poland..
    Woldu, Gebremariam
    Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Wolfe, Charles D. A.
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas Hosp, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, London, England.;Kings Coll London, London, England..
    Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu
    Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia..
    Wondmieneh, Adam Belay
    Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Wollo Univ, Dept Nursing, Dessie, Ethiopia..
    Wool, Eve E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wozniak, Sarah S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wu, Ai-Min
    Wenzhou Med Univ, Dept Orthopaed, Wenzhou, Peoples R China..
    Wu, Chenkai
    Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Wu, Junjie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hanson, Sarah Wulf
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wunrow, Han Yong
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Xie, Yang
    Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Big Data Based Precis Med, Dept Behav & Operat Management, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Gelin
    Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Rixing
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Yadgir, Simon
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
    Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Yamada, Tomohide
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Diabet & Metab Dis, Tokyo, Japan..
    Yamagishi, Kazumasa
    Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Suita, Osaka, Japan.;Univ Tsukuba, Res & Dev Ctr Hlth Serv, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan..
    Yaminfirooz, Mousa
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Gen Educ Dept, Babol, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Duke Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Durham, NC USA..
    Yaya, Sanni
    Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England.;Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
    Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, Iran.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran..
    Yearwood, Jamal A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Yeheyis, Tomas Y.
    Hawassa Univ, Sch Nursing, Hawassa, Ethiopia..
    Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo
    Univ Jos, Dept Pediat, Jos, Nigeria.;Jos Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Pediat, Jos, Nigeria..
    Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu
    Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia..
    Yip, Paul
    Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmaol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.;Juntendo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Yoon, Seok-Jun
    Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Lebni, Javad Yoosefi
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Tehran, Iran..
    York, Hunter W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Younis, Mustafa Z.
    Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA.;Tsinghua Univ, Sch Med, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Younker, Theodore Patrick
    Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Immunol, Pittsburgh, PA USA..
    Yousefi, Bahman
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Mol Med Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Yousefi, Zabihollah
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Sari, Iran..
    Yousefifard, Mahmoud
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Injury Prevent & Safety Promot Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Yu, Yong
    Hubei Univ Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Management, Shiyan, Peoples R China..
    Yuan, Chun-Wei
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Yuce, Deniz
    Hacettepe Univ, Inst Canc, Ankara, Turkey..
    Yusefzadeh, Hasan
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Care Management & Econ, Orumiyeh, Iran..
    Zadey, Siddhesh
    Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Moghadam, Telma Zahirian
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran..
    Zaidi, Syed Saoud
    Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Zaki, Leila
    Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran..
    Zakzuk, Josefina
    Univ Cartagena, Immunol Res Inst, Cartagena, Colombia..
    Bin Zaman, Sojib
    Monash Univ, Monash Hlth, Sch Clin Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Zamani, Mohammad
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Babol, Iran..
    Zamanian, Maryam
    Zandian, Hamed
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Ardebil, Iran.;Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran..
    Zangeneh, Alireza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Zarafshan, Hadi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Psychiat & Psychol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
    Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia.;Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Addictol Dept, Moscow, Russia..
    Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Zhang, Jianrong
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Gen Practice, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Victorian Comprehens Canc Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Zhang, Yunquan
    Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Hubei Prov Key Lab Occupat Hazard Identificat & C, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Med, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Jeff T.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zhao, Xiu-Ju George
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Yingxi
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Zheleva, Bistra
    Childrens HeartLink, Global Strategy & Advocacy Unit, Minneapolis, MN USA..
    Zheng, Peng
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zhu, Cong
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA..
    Ziapour, Arash
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zlavog, Bianca S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zodpey, Sanjay
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India..
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 20192020In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 396, no 10258, p. 1204-1222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • 3.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    et al.
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 20192020In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 396, no 10258, p. 1135-1159Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.

  • 4.
    Abujrais, Sandy
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Ahnoff, Martin
    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs gata 22B, SE-41319 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Rasmusson, Annica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Åkerfeldt, Torbjörn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Kultima, Kim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    A sensitive method detecting trace levels of levonorgestrel using LC-HRMS.2019In: Contraception, ISSN 0010-7824, E-ISSN 1879-0518, Vol. 100, no 3, p. 247-249Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To develop a high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method to quantify levonorgestrel (LNG) in serum.

    STUDY DESIGN: Levonorgestrel was extracted using solid phase extraction and measured using liquid chromatography (LC) HRMS.

    RESULTS: Low limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 25pg/mL and low limit of detection (LLOD) was 12.5pg/mL. Precision and accuracy bias were<10%. LNG in serum samples from Mirena® users ranged between 37 to 219pg/mL (n=12). In eight out of 22 patients with suspected intrauterine device (IUD) expulsion LNG was detected (26 to 1272pg/mL).

    CONCLUSION: A sensitive, fast and simple LC-HRMS method was developed to detect trace levels of LNG.

  • 5.
    Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Reumark, Anna
    Lantmännen.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Riserus, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Role of a prudent breakfast in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trialArticle in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background & Aims: It is unclear whether advising a prudent breakfast alone is sufficient to improve blood lipids and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight hypercholesterolemic subjects.

    Methods: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a prudent low-fat breakfast (PB) rich in dietary fiber lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels. In a parallel, controlled, 12-week study, 79 healthy overweight subjects (all regular breakfast eaters) were randomly allocated to a group that received a PB based on Nordic foods provided ad libitum or a control group that consumed their usual breakfast. The PB was in accordance with national and Nordic nutrition recommendations and included oat bran porridge with low-fat milk or yogurt, bilberry or lingonberry jam, whole grain bread, low-fat spread, poultry or fatty fish, and fruit.

    Results: No differences were found in LDL-C, blood lipids, body weight, or glucose metabolism, but SAD, plasma CRP, and TNF-R2 were lower during PB compared with controls (p<0.05). In the overall diet, PB increased dietary fiber and b-glucan compared with controls (p<0.05).

    Conclusions: Advising a prudent breakfast for 3 months did not influence blood lipids, body weight, or glucose metabolism but reduced markers of visceral fat and inflammation.

     

  • 6.
    Adamsson, Viola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Reumark, Anna
    Marklund, Matti
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Risérus, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Role of a prudent breakfast in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with hypercholesterolemia: A randomized controlled trial2015In: Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, E-ISSN 1532-1983, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 20-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS:

    It is unclear whether advising a prudent breakfast alone is sufficient to improve blood lipids and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight hypercholesterolemic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a prudent low-fat breakfast (PB) rich in dietary fiber lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels.

    METHODS:

    In a parallel, controlled, 12-week study, 79 healthy overweight subjects (all regular breakfast eaters) were randomly allocated to a group that received a PB based on Nordic foods provided ad libitum or a control group that consumed their usual breakfast. The primary outcome was plasma LDL-C. Secondary outcomes were other blood lipids, body weight, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 [TNF-R2]), and blood pressure. The PB was in accordance with national and Nordic nutrition recommendations and included oat bran porridge with low-fat milk or yogurt, bilberry or lingonberry jam, whole grain bread, low-fat spread, poultry or fatty fish, and fruit.

    RESULTS:

    No differences were found in LDL-C, other blood lipids, body weight, or glucose metabolism, but SAD, plasma CRP, and TNF-R2 decreased more during PB compared with controls (p < 0.05). In the overall diet, PB increased dietary fiber and β-glucan compared with controls (p < 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Advising a prudent breakfast for 3 months did not influence blood lipids, body weight, or glucose metabolism but reduced markers of visceral fat and inflammation. The trial was registered in the Current Controlled Trials database (http://www.controlled-trials.com); International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 84550872.

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  • 7.
    Ahlström, Tommy
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Hagström, Emil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Rudberg, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Hellman, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Correlation between plasma calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a community-based cohort of men and women2009In: Clinical Endocrinology, ISSN 0300-0664, E-ISSN 1365-2265, Vol. 71, no 5, p. 673-678Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CONTEXT: In recent years, an association has been noted between several abnormalities that characterize the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). These abnormalities include dyslipidaemia, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. The correlations between plasma calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the variables in the MetS in a normal population are still unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe correlations between plasma calcium and PTH and the various abnormalities present in the MetS in a healthy population.

    DESIGN: We studied 1016 healthy individuals from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) population of 70 years old, by means of plasma analyses of calcium, PTH, creatinine, lipids, insulin and glucose, as well as by standardized blood pressure measurements. Further, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were determined.

    RESULTS: The more National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria for the MetS that were met, the higher the s-PTH and albumin-corrected s-calcium. Further, positive correlations between plasma calcium and BMI (P = 0.0003), waist circumference (P = 0.0009) and insulin resistance (P = 0.079) were found. PTH and BMI (P < 0.0001), waist circumference (P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0034), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0008), serum triglycerides (P = 0.0003) and insulin resistance (P = 0.0003) were positively correlated, whereas serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P = 0.036) and PTH were negatively correlated.

    CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PTH correlates with several of the metabolic factors included in the MetS within a normocalcaemic population. In addition, individuals with mild pHPT present significantly more NCEP criteria for MetS. We postulate that increased levels of PTH in pHPT may be associated with the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in pHPT.

  • 8.
    Akhter, Tansim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research.
    Hedeland, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry.
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
    Ubhayasekera, Kumari
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Kullinger, Merit
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Skalkidou, Alkistis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research.
    Plasma levels of arginines at term pregnancy in relation to mode of onset of labor and mode of childbirth2023In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, E-ISSN 1600-0897, Vol. 90, no 3, article id e13767Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PROBLEM: The exact biochemical mechanisms that initiate labor are not yet fully understood. Nitric oxide is a potent relaxant of uterine smooth muscles until labor starts, and its precursor is L-arginine. Asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines, are potent NO-inhibitors. However, arginines (dimethylarginines and L-arginine) are scarcely studied in relation to labor and childbirth. We aimed to investigate arginines in women with spontaneous (SLVB) and induced (ILVB) term labor with vaginal birth and in women undergoing elective caesarean section (ECS).

    METHOD OF STUDY: Women at gestational week 16-18 were recruited to the population-based prospective cohort study BASIC at the Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Plasma samples taken at start of labor were analyzed for arginines, from SLVB (n = 45), ILVB (n = 45), and ECS (n = 45), using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Between-group differences were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test.

    RESULTS: Women with SLVB and ILVB had higher levels of ADMA (p < .0001), SDMA (p < .05) and lower L-arginines (p < .01), L-arginine/ADMA (p < .0001), and L-arginine/SDMA (p < .01, respectively <.001) compared to ECS. However, ILVB had higher ADMA (p < .0001) and lower L-arginine (p < .01), L-arginine/ADMA (p < .0001), and L-arginine/SDMA (p < .01) compared to SLVB. Results are adjusted for gestational length at birth and cervical dilatation at sampling.

    CONCLUSION: Our novel findings of higher levels of dimethylarginines in term vaginal births compared to ECS give insights into the biochemical mechanisms of labor. These findings might also serve as a basis for further studies of arginines in complicated pregnancies and labor.

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  • 9.
    Akhter, Tansim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Clinical Obstetrics.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Marita
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Naessén, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Sub-clinical atherosclerosis in the common carotid artery in women with/without previous pre-eclampsia: A seven-year follow-up2019In: Atherosclerosis, ISSN 0021-9150, E-ISSN 1879-1484, Vol. 290, p. 206-213Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. However, conventional common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) measurement does not reflect this. In contrast, measurement of the individual CCA intima and media thicknesses clearly indicates increased vascular risk both at diagnosis and about one year after pre-eclampsia. This study examined whether individual CCA wall layers, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and markers of endothelial dysfunction had normalized or remained unfavorable seven years after pre-eclampsia.

    METHODS: The individual CCA intima and media thicknesses were measured using 22 MHz ultrasound. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. A thick intima, thin media and high intima/media thickness ratio (I/M) are signs of sub-clinical atherosclerosis.

    RESULTS: The median age of women with previous pre-eclampsia (cases = 23) or normal pregnancies (controls = 35) was 39/37 years. At follow-up (median about seven years), the intima remained thicker and the I/M was higher in cases than in controls [all p < 0.0001; p < 0.001 after adjustment for time to follow-up, body mass index (BMI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)], whereas the CCA-IMT was illogically thinner. Further, BMI, MAP, hip circumference, abdominal height, serum endostatin and apolipoprotein B levels were higher in cases (all p < 0.05). Intima and I/M measurements were correlated with age, MAP, endostatin and apolipoprotein B, whereas no logical correlations were found for CCA-IMT.

    CONCLUSIONS: The arteries in cases but not controls were still adversely affected after seven years. Measuring intima thickness and I/M appears preferable to measuring CCA-IMT for demonstrating vascular risk after pre-eclampsia.

  • 10.
    Akhter, Tansim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Marita
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Naessén, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Artery Wall Layer Dimensions during Normal Pregnancy: A longitudinal study using non-invasive high-frequency ultrasound2013In: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology, ISSN 0363-6135, E-ISSN 1522-1539, Vol. 304, no 2, p. H229-H234Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The vascular effects of normal pregnancy were investigated by estimating the intima and media thicknesses of the common carotid artery separately using 22MHz ultrasound (Collagenoson, Meudt, Germany) in 57 healthy women with normal pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes, in all three trimesters and at one year postpartum. A thick intima, thin media and high intima/media (I/M) ratio are signs of a less healthy artery wall. The mean artery wall layer dimensions remained fairly constant during pregnancy but the intima thickness and I/M thickness ratio appeared to improve (decrease) postpartum (p<0.001 for both). The cardiovascular risk parameters age, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure in the first trimester were associated with higher I/M ratios, especially in the second trimester, whereas higher serum estradiol levels were significantly associated with a lower I/M ratio. Changes from the first to second trimesters in I/M ratio, taking into account differential changes in intima and media thickness, were significantly (p<0.05-0.001) associated with all risk parameters tested except age, which was associated with increased intima thickness (p=0.02). Associations with third trimester values and changes from first to third trimesters were similar but less apparent. Thus, fairly constant mean artery wall layer dimensions during pregnancy appeared to improve postpartum. However, higher age, BMI or blood pressure, and lower serum estradiol levels in the first trimester appeared to negatively affect the artery wall, strongly suggesting that pregnancy has negative vascular effects in some women. A less likely explanation involves possible adaptation to physiological changes during and after pregnancy.

  • 11.
    Akhter, Tansim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Naessen, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Changes in the Artery Wall Layer Dimensions in Women with Preeclampsia: an investigation using non-invasive high frequency ultrasound2012In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6349, E-ISSN 1600-0412, Vol. 91, no S159, p. 28-28Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. Whether, the artery wall layer dimensions differ between PE and normal pregnancy is unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate if women with PE have different common carotid artery wall layer dimensions than women with normal pregnancy, both during pregnancy and about one year postpartum.

    Methods:

    By using high-frequency (22MHz) ultrasound (Collagenoson, Meudt, Germany) separate estimates of the common carotid artery intima and media layers were obtained and the I/M ratio was calculated in women with PE (n=55 during pregnancy and n=48 at postpartum) and with normal pregnancy (n=65 during pregnancy and n=59 at postpartum). Thick intima, thin media and a high intima/media ratio are signs of less healthy artery wall and vice versa.

    Results:

    In women with PE, the intima was thicker (0.18 } 0.03 vs. 0.11 } 0.02; p < .001), the media was thinner (0.47 } 0.12 vs. 0.55 } 0.14; p = .001) and the I/M ratio was higher (0.41 } 0.14 vs. 0.20 } 0.05; p < .001) compared to women with normal pregnancy. Further, for changes from pregnancy to postpartum, both for PE and normal pregnancy, the intima and the I/M ratio had improved but still significantly higher in women with PE than in women with normal pregnancy.

    Conclusion:

    In women with PE, we found a thicker intima, thinner media and a higher I/M ratio compared to women with normal pregnancy, indicating a more negatively affected artery wall layer dimensions. Persisting negative effects of PE on artery wall at postpartum, despite improvement of artery wall layers compared to values during pregnancy, indicates a permanent damage of the vascular system in this group of women.

  • 12.
    Akhter, Tansim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Gynecological endocrinology.
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Clinical Obstetrics.
    Larsson, Marita
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Wikström, Gerhard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Naessén, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Gynecological endocrinology.
    Association between angiogenic factors and signs of arterial aging in women with pre-eclampsia2017In: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0960-7692, E-ISSN 1469-0705, Vol. 50, p. 93-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. In PE there is a substantial increase in levels of the anti-angiogenic factor soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and decreased levels of the pro-angiogenic factor placental growth factor (PlGF). Elevated levels of sFlt1 are also found in individuals with CVD. The aims of this study were to assess sFlt1, PlGF and the sFlt1/PlGF ratio and their correlation with signs of arterial aging by measuring common carotid artery (CCA) intima and media thicknesses and their ratio (I/M ratio) in women with and without PE.

    METHODS: Serum sFlt1 and PlGF levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and CCA intima and media thicknesses were estimated using high-frequency (22 MHz) ultrasonography in 55 women at PE diagnosis and 64 women with normal pregnancies at a similar gestational age, with reassessment one year postpartum. A thick intima, thin media and a high I/M ratio indicate a less healthy arterial wall.

    RESULTS: During pregnancy, higher levels of sFlt1, lower levels of PlGF and thicker intima, thinner media and higher I/M ratios were found in women with PE vs. controls (all p < 0.0001). Further, sFlt1 and the sFlt1/PlGF ratio were positively correlated with intima thickness and I/M ratio (all p < 0.0001), but negatively correlated with media thickness (p = 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). About one year postpartum, levels of sFlt1 and the sFlt1/PlGF ratio had decreased in both groups, but compared with controls women in the PE group still had higher levels (p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Further, sFlt1 levels and the sFlt1/PlGF ratio were still positively correlated with intima thickness and I/M ratio.

    CONCLUSIONS: Higher sFlt1 levels and sFlt1/PlGF ratios in women with PE were positively associated with signs of arterial aging during pregnancy. About one year postpartum sFlt1 levels and the sFlt1/PlGF ratios were still higher in the PE group, and also associated with the degree of arterial aging.

  • 13.
    Akhter, Tansim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Gynecological endocrinology.
    Wikström, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Clinical Obstetrics. Karolinska Inst, Danderyd Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Larsson, Marita
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Wikström, Gerhard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Naessén, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Gynecological endocrinology.
    Serum Pentraxin 3 is associated with signs of arterial alteration in women with preeclampsia.2017In: International Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0167-5273, E-ISSN 1874-1754, Vol. 241, p. 417-422Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancy is a state of exaggerated inflammation and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a novel inflammation marker, are increased during PE and in individuals with CVD. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether serum PTX3 in women with PE is associated with adverse arterial effects; a thicker intima and higher intima/media (I/M) ratio in the common carotid artery (CCA).

    METHODS: Serum PTX3 levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and individual CCA intima and media thicknesses were estimated by 22MHz non-invasive ultrasound in 55 women at PE diagnosis and 64 women with normal pregnancies at a similar gestational age, and about one year postpartum. A thick intima, thin media and high I/M ratio indicate a less healthy artery wall.

    RESULTS: During pregnancy serum PTX3 correlated positively with intima thickness and I/M ratio but negatively with media thickness (all p<0.0001), indicating adverse arterial effects. About one year postpartum, PTX3 levels had decreased in both groups and there remained no significant group difference or significant correlation with CCA wall layers.

    CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of serum PTX3 in women with PE were significantly associated with signs of adverse arterial effects during pregnancy, but not one year postpartum, supporting the rapid dynamics of PTX3.

  • 14.
    Alderson, Helen V
    et al.
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
    Chinnadurai, Rajkumar
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Ibrahim, Sara T
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Asar, Ozgur
    Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Ritchie, James P
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Middleton, Rachel
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Diggle, Peter J
    CHICAS, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK..
    Larsson, Tobias E
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Renal Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kalra, Philip A
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Longitudinal change in c-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease2021In: BMC Nephrology, ISSN 1471-2369, E-ISSN 1471-2369, Vol. 22, no 1, article id 329Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor23 (FGF23) is elevated in CKD and has been associated with outcomes such as death, cardiovascular (CV) events and progression to Renal Replacement therapy (RRT). The majority of studies have been unable to account for change in FGF23 over time and those which have demonstrate conflicting results. We performed a survival analysis looking at change in c-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) over time to assess the relative contribution of cFGF23 to these outcomes.

    METHODS: We measured cFGF23 on plasma samples from 388 patients with CKD 3-5 who had serial measurements of cFGF23, with a mean of 4.2 samples per individual. We used linear regression analysis to assess the annual rate of change in cFGF23 and assessed the relationship between time-varying cFGF23 and the outcomes in a cox-regression analysis.

    RESULTS: Across our population, median baseline eGFR was 32.3mls/min/1.73m2, median baseline cFGF23 was 162 relative units/ml (RU/ml) (IQR 101-244 RU/mL). Over 70 months (IQR 53-97) median follow-up, 76 (19.6%) patients progressed to RRT, 86 (22.2%) died, and 52 (13.4%) suffered a major non-fatal CV event. On multivariate analysis, longitudinal change in cFGF23 was significantly associated with risk for death and progression to RRT but not non-fatal cardiovascular events.

    CONCLUSION: In our study, increasing cFGF23 was significantly associated with risk for death and RRT.

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  • 15.
    Alderson, Helen V.
    et al.
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Ritchie, James P
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Middleton, Rachel
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Larsson, Tobias E
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Renal Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kalra, Philip A
    Vascular Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK..
    FGF-23 and Osteoprotegerin but not Fetuin-A are associated with death and enhance risk prediction in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease stages 3-52016In: Nephrology (Carlton. Print), ISSN 1320-5358, E-ISSN 1440-1797, Vol. 21, no 7, p. 566-573Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: Numerous biomarkers have been shown to associate with clinical endpoints in chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is limited evidence whether biomarkers improve risk prediction in relation to clinical outcomes. Our study investigates whether a small suite of key chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder biomarkers could be used to enhance risk assessment in CKD.

    METHODS: Fetuin-A, fibroblast growth factor-23 and osteoprotegerin were measured on baseline plasma samples from 463 patients recruited to the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study. The biomarkers were analysed in relation to progression to end stage kidney disease, death and major cardiovascular events.

    RESULTS: Over a median follow up of 46 months (interquartile range 21-69), fibroblast growth factor-23 was associated with risk for renal replacement therapy (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, P = 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001-1.820), cardiovascular events (HR 1.74 P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.303-1.305) and death (HR 1.4 P = 0.005, 95% CI 1.109-1.767). Osteoprotegerin was associated with risk for death (HR 1.06, P = 0.03, 95% CI 1.006-1.117). There was no clear association between Fetuin-A and any of the clinical endpoints. The addition of biomarkers to risk models led to marginal improvement in model discrimination and reclassification.

    CONCLUSION: Biomarkers are often associated with clinical endpoints, and we observed such associations in our study of patients with advanced CKD. However, the markers analysed in our study were of limited benefit in improving the prediction of these outcomes. Any extra information biomarkers may provide to improve risk prediction in clinical practice needs to be carefully balanced against the potential cost of these tools.

  • 16.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
    Brismar, Kerstin
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Improves Renal Function in Elderly Deficient in Selenium: Observational Results and Results from a Subgroup Analysis of a Prospective Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 12, article id 3780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A low selenium intake is found in European countries, and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. There is an association between selenium level and the severity of kidney disease. An association between inflammation and selenium intake is also reported. The coenzyme Q10 level is decreased in kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine a possible association between selenium and renal function in an elderly population low in selenium and coenzyme Q10, and the impact of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the renal function. The association between selenium status and creatinine was studied in 589 elderly persons. In 215 of these (mean age 71 years) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled prospective trial with selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 117) or placebo (n = 98) was conducted. Renal function was determined using measures of glomerular function at the start and after 48 months. The follow-up time was 5.1 years. All individuals were low on selenium (mean 67 μg/L (SD 16.8)). The changes in renal function were evaluated by measurement of creatinine, cystatin-C, and the use of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) algorithm, and by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. An association between low selenium status and impaired renal function was observed. Intervention causes a significantly lower serum creatinine, and cystatin-C concentration in the active treatment group compared with those on placebo (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.001 resp.). The evaluation with CKD-EPI based on both creatinine and cystatin-C showed a corresponding significant difference (p < 0.0001). All validations showed corresponding significant differences. In individuals with a deficiency of selenium and coenzyme Q10, low selenium status is related to impaired renal function, and thus supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 results in significantly improved renal function as seen from creatinine and cystatin-C and through the CKD-EPI algorithm. The explanation could be related to positive effects on inflammation and oxidative stress as a result of the supplementation.

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  • 17.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway.
    Johansson, Peter
    Department of Social and Welfare studies & Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Supplemental selenium and coenzyme Q10 reduce glycation along with cardiovascular mortality in an elderly population with low selenium status: A four-year, prospective, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial2020In: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, ISSN 0946-672X, E-ISSN 1878-3252, Vol. 61, article id 126541Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: A low intake of selenium has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality, and supplementation of selenium and coenzyme Q10 influences this. The mechanism behind is unclear although effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and microRNA expression have been reported. Fructosamine, a marker of long-term glycaemic control, is also a marker of increased risk of heart disease and death, even in non-diabetics.

    OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact of selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the concentration of fructosamine. Also, the relation between pre-intervention serum selenium concentration and the effect on fructosamine of the intervention was studied.

    METHODS: Fructosamine plasma concentration was determined in 219 participants after six and 42 months of intervention with selenium yeast (200 μg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/ day) (n = 118 of which 20 had diabetes at inclusion), or placebo (n = 101 of which 18 had diabetes at inclusion). Pre-intervention, the serum selenium levels were 67 μg/L (active treatment group: 66.6 μg/L; placebo group: 67.4 μg/L), corresponding to an estimated intake of 35 μg/day. Changes in concentrations of fructosamine following intervention were assessed by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance, and ANCOVA analyses.

    RESULTS: Post-intervention selenium concentrations were 210 μg/L in the active group and 72 μg/L in the placebo group. A lower concentration of fructosamine could be seen as a result of the intervention in the total population (P = 0.001) in both the males (P = 0.04) and in the females (P = 0.01) in the non-diabetic population (P = 0.002), and in both the younger (<76 years) (P = 0.01) and the older (≥76 years) participants (P = 0.03). No difference could be demonstrated in fructosamine concentration in the diabetic patients, but the total sample was small (n = 38). In subjects with a low pre-intervention level of serum selenium the intervention gave a more pronounced decrease in fructosamine compared with those with a higher baseline selenium level.

    CONCLUSION: A significantly lower concentration of fructosamine was observed in the elderly community-living participants supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for 42 months compared to those on the placebo. As oxidative mechanisms are involved in the glycation of proteins, less glycoxidation could be a result of the supplementation of selenium and coenzyme Q10, which could have contributed to lower cardiac mortality and less inflammation, as has earlier been reported.

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  • 18. Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Alexander, Jan
    Svensson, Erland
    Johansson, Peter
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Less fibrosis in elderly subjects supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10-A mechanism behind reduced cardiovascular mortality?2018In: Biofactors, ISSN 0951-6433, E-ISSN 1872-8081, Vol. 44, no 2, p. 137-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: In an intervention study where 221 healthy elderly persons received selenium and coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement, and 222 received placebo for 4 years we observed improved cardiac function and reduced cardiovascular mortality. As fibrosis is central in the aging process, we investigated the effect of the intervention on biomarkers of fibrogenic activity in a subanalysis of this intervention study.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present subanalysis 122 actively treated individuals and 101 controls, the effect of the treatment on eight biomarkers of fibrogenic activity were assessed. These biomarkers were: Cathepsin S, Endostatin, Galectin 3, Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 and 9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP 1) and Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST-2). Blood concentrations of these biomarkers after 6 and 42 months were analyzed by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance, and factor analyses.

    RESULTS: Compared with placebo, in those receiving supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, all biomarkers except ST2 showed significant decreased concentrations in blood. The changes in concentrations, that is, effects sizes as given by partial eta2 caused by the intervention were considered small to medium.

    CONCLUSION: The significantly decreased biomarker concentrations in those on active treatment with selenium and coenzyme Q10 compared with those on placebo after 36 months of intervention presumably reflect less fibrogenic activity as a result of the intervention. These observations might indicate that reduced fibrosis precedes the reported improvement in cardiac function, thereby explaining some of the positive clinical effects caused by the intervention. © 2017 BioFactors, 2017.

  • 19.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 81 85 Linköping, Sweden..
    Aaseth, Jan
    Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway..
    Decreased Concentration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23) as a Result of Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 in an Elderly Swedish Population: A Sub-Analysis.2022In: Cells, E-ISSN 2073-4409, Vol. 11, no 3, article id 509Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a reduced intake of selenium in many countries due to low levels of selenium in the soil. This results in an increased cardiovascular risk. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is active mainly in the metabolism of vitamin D and phosphorus. However, there are indications that FGF-23 may also provide information both on cardiovascular function and prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the FGF-23 concentration in an elderly population with low concentrations of both selenium and coenzyme Q10 and in which the supplementation improved cardiac function and mortality. In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, FGF-23 was measured in 219 individuals at the start and after 48 months. Selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 118) or placebo (n = 101) were given as a dietary supplement. The intervention time was 48 months. t-Tests, repeated measures of variance, and ANCOVA analyses were used to evaluate the differences in FGF-23 concentration. Following supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, a significantly lower level of FGF-23 could be seen (p = 0.01). Applying 10 years of follow-up, those who later died a cardiovascular death had a significantly higher FGF-23 concentration after 48 months compared with those who survived (p = 0.036), and a significantly lower FGF-23 concentration could be seen in those with a normal renal function compared to those with an impaired renal function (p = 0.027). Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to an elderly community-living population low in both substances prevented an increase of FGF-23 and also provided a reduced cardiovascular risk.

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  • 20.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden..
    Aaseth, Jan
    Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway..
    Lindahl, Tomas L
    Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Research and Development, Gävleborg. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway..
    Dietary supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 prevents increase in plasma D-dimer while lowering cardiovascular mortality in an elderly Swedish population.2022In: Nutrition, Exercise, and End-of-LifeDiscussion in the Cardiovascular Field / [ed] Fukumoto Y, Basel: MDPI, 2022, p. 43-56Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A low intake of selenium is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This could be reduced by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10. D-dimer, a fragment of fibrin mirroring fibrinolysis, is a biomarker of thromboembolism, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and is associated with cardiovascular mortality in ischemic heart disease. The objective was to examine the impact of selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the level of D-dimer, and its relationship to cardiovascular mortality. D-dimer was measured in 213 individuals at the start and after 48 months of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 106) or placebo (n = 107). The follow-up time was 4.9 years. All included individuals were low in selenium (mean 67 μg/L, SD 16.8). The differences in D-dimer concentration were evaluated by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. At the end, a significantly lower D-dimer concentration was observed in the active treatment group in comparison with those on placebo (p = 0.006). Although D-dimer values at baseline were weakly associated with high-sensitive CRP, while being more strongly associated with soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and sP-selectin, controlling for these in the analysis there was an independent effect on D-dimer. In participants with a D-dimer level above median at baseline, the supplementation resulted in significantly lower cardiovascular mortality compared to those on placebo (p = 0.014). All results were validated with a persisting significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 in a group of elderly low in selenium and coenzyme Q10 prevented an increase in D-dimer and reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in comparison with the placebo group. The obtained results also illustrate important associations between inflammation, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk.

  • 21.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden..
    Aaseth, Jan
    Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway..
    Lindahl, Tomas L
    Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway..
    Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population.2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 4, article id 1344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A low intake of selenium is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This could be reduced by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10. D-dimer, a fragment of fibrin mirroring fibrinolysis, is a biomarker of thromboembolism, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and is associated with cardiovascular mortality in ischemic heart disease. The objective was to examine the impact of selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the level of D-dimer, and its relationship to cardiovascular mortality. D-dimer was measured in 213 individuals at the start and after 48 months of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 106) or placebo (n = 107). The follow-up time was 4.9 years. All included individuals were low in selenium (mean 67 μg/L, SD 16.8). The differences in D-dimer concentration were evaluated by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. At the end, a significantly lower D-dimer concentration was observed in the active treatment group in comparison with those on placebo (p = 0.006). Although D-dimer values at baseline were weakly associated with high-sensitive CRP, while being more strongly associated with soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and sP-selectin, controlling for these in the analysis there was an independent effect on D-dimer. In participants with a D-dimer level above median at baseline, the supplementation resulted in significantly lower cardiovascular mortality compared to those on placebo (p = 0.014). All results were validated with a persisting significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 in a group of elderly low in selenium and coenzyme Q10 prevented an increase in D-dimer and reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in comparison with the placebo group. The obtained results also illustrate important associations between inflammation, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk.

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  • 22.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
    Alexander, J.
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
    Aaseth, J.
    Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Lindahl, T. L.
    Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
    Significant decrease of von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by providing supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to an elderly population with a low selenium status2020In: European Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 1436-6207, E-ISSN 1436-6215, Vol. 59, no 8, p. 3581-3590Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are conditions which fuel atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease. We have previously reported reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality following supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to 443 elderly individuals with low selenium status (mean 67 μg/L) for 4 years. Here, we wanted to evaluate a possible association between the supplementation and the plasma concentrations of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as they, besides other functions, are also strongly associated with endothelial function.

    METHODS: In this sub-study, 308 individuals (active substance: 157, placebo: 151) were included. Blood samples were drawn after 6 and 36 months and vWf and PAI-1 were determined in plasma by ELISA. Changes in concentrations of the biomarkers were evaluated by the use of T tests, repeated measures of variance, and ANCOVA analyses.

    RESULTS: The active treatment group presented a lower level of vWf after 36 months compared with the placebo group (1.08 U/mL vs. 5.10 U/mL; p = 0.0007). The results were validated through the repeated measures of variance evaluation. The PAI-1 levels showed an equally significant decrease in the active group (26.2 ng/mL vs. 49.2 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and were also validated through repeated measures of variance evaluation.

    CONCLUSION: In this sub-study on elderly receiving selenium and coenzyme Q10, or placebo we found significantly lower levels of vWf and PAI-1 in the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group. We interpret this as a better endothelial function because of the intervention, which accords with a previous finding of reduced CV mortality.

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  • 23.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Div Cardiovasc Med, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Innlandet Hosp Trust, Res Dept, Brumunddal, Norway;Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, N-2411 Elverum, Norway.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Decrease in inflammatory biomarker concentration by intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10: a subanalysis of osteopontin, osteoprotergerin, TNFr1, TNFr2 and TWEAK2019In: Journal of Inflammation, E-ISSN 1476-9255, Vol. 16, article id 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality, and increase cardiac function in elderly persons with a low intake of selenium. There are indications that one of the mechanisms of this positive effect is a decrease in inflammation.

    Methods:

    Osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, sTNF receptor 1, sTNF receptor 2 and the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis called TWEAK, were determined in plasma after 6 months and 42months in 219 community-living elderly persons, of whom 119 received supplements of selenium (200g/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200mg/day), and 101 received a placebo. Repeated measures of variance were used to evaluate the levels, and the results were validated through ANCOVA analyses with adjustments for important covariates.

    Results:

    Significantly lower concentrations of four of the five biomarkers for inflammation were observed as a result of the intervention with the supplements. Only TWEAK did not show significant differences.

    Conclusion:

    In this sub-analysis of the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 or placebo in an elderly community-living population, biomarkers for inflammation were evaluated. A significantly lower concentration in four of the five biomarkers tested could be demonstrated as a result of the supplementation, indicating a robust effect on the inflammatory system. The decrease in inflammation could be one of the mechanisms behind the positive clinical results on reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reported earlier as a result of the intervention. The study is small and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, but nonetheless adds important data about mechanisms presently known to increase the risk of clinical effects such as reduced cardiovascular mortality, increased cardiac function and better health-related quality of life scoring, as previously demonstrated in the active treatment group.

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  • 24.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
    Aaseth, Jan O.
    Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2382 Brumunddal, Norway;Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Svensson, Erland
    Swedish Defence Research Agency, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden (Ret.).
    Opstad, Trine B.
    Centre for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway;Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway.
    Effects of an Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 on Five Selected Age-Related Biomarkers in Elderly Swedes Low in Selenium: Results That Point to an Anti-Ageing Effect—A Sub-Analysis of a Previous Prospective Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomised Clinical Trial2023In: Cells, E-ISSN 2073-4409, Vol. 12, no 13, article id 1773Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Ageing is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As no single biomarker reflects the full ageing process, we aimed to investigate five CVD- and age-related markers and the effects of selenium and coenzyme Q10 intervention to elucidate the mechanisms that may influence the course of ageing. Methods: This is a sub-study of a previous prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial that included 441 subjects low in selenium (mean age 77, 49% women). The active treatment group (n = 220) received 200 µg/day of selenium and 200 mg/day of coenzyme Q10, combined. Blood samples were collected at inclusion and after 48 months for measurements of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), adiponectin, leptin, stem cell factor (SCF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), using ELISAs. Repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA evaluations were used to compare the two groups. In order to better understand and reduce the complexity of the relationship between the biomarkers and age, factor analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed, and a structural model is presented. Results: Correlation analyses of biomarker values at inclusion in relation to age, and relevant markers related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis, demonstrated the biomarkers’ association with these pathological processes; however, only ICAM1 and adiponectin were directly correlated with age. SEM analyses showed, however, that the biomarkers ICAM-1, adiponectin, SCF and OPG, but not leptin, all had significant associations with age and formed two independent structural factors, both significantly related to age. While no difference was observed at inclusion, the biomarkers were differently changed in the active treatment and placebo groups (decreasing and increasing levels, respectively) at 48 months (p ≤ 0.02 in all, adjusted), and in the SEM model, they showed an anti-ageing impact. Conclusions: Supplementation with selenium/Q10 influenced the analysed biomarkers in ways indicating an anti-ageing effect, and by applying SEM methodology, the interrelationships between two independent structural factors and age were validated.

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  • 25.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden..
    Opstad, Trine B
    Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway..
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway..
    Impact of Selenium on Biomarkers and Clinical Aspects Related to Ageing: A Review2021In: Biomolecules, E-ISSN 2218-273X, Vol. 11, no 10, article id 1478Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary trace element that plays an important role in the prevention of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and cancer. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine in the active center and include, i.a., the enzymes thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD1-3), glutathione peroxidases (GPX1-4 and GPX6) and methionine sulfoxide reductase, involved in immune functions, metabolic homeostasis, and antioxidant defense. Ageing is an inevitable process, which, i.a., involves an imbalance between antioxidative defense and reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in protein and mitochondrial renewal, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, and stem cell exhaustion. These conditions are associated with mild to moderate inflammation, which always accompanies the process of ageing and age-related diseases. In older individuals, Se, by being a component in protective enzymes, operates by decreasing ROS-mediated inflammation, removing misfolded proteins, decreasing DNA damage, and promoting telomere length. Se-dependent GPX1-4 and TXNRD1-3 directly suppress oxidative stress. Selenoprotein H in the cell nucleus protects DNA, and selenoproteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assist in the removal of misfolded proteins and protection against ER stress. In this review, we highlight the role of adequate Se status for human ageing and prevention of age-related diseases, and further its proposed role in preservation of telomere length in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

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  • 26. Allander, Susanne Vilhelmsdotter
    et al.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Marké, Lars-Åke
    Svensson, Maria K
    Björn, Wihlén
    Elinder, Carl-Gustaf
    Kreatinin fortfarande den vanligaste njurfunktionsanalysen: Undersökning av praxis i Sverige2012In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 109, no 19, p. 960-962Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Markers of renal function (glomerular filtration rate; GFR) are frequently used. In most cases GFR is estimated based on plasma creatinine, but cystatin C, creatinine clearance (with urine collection), iohexol clearance and 51Cr-EDTA clearance are also used. A questionnaire was sent to representatives for clinical chemistry laboratories in Sweden to collect information regarding the use of these markers during the years 2006 2009. The aim was to compare the use in different parts of Sweden and how it has changed over time. The overall use of markers of renal function, including creatinine, continues to increase on a national level, with the exception for endogenous creatinine clearance and 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Creatinine, the most frequently used marker, continues to grow in numbers. 5,6 million creatinine analyses and about two hundred thousand cystatin C analyses were performed during year 2009. There were considerable variations between counties in the use of the studied markers.

  • 27. Appelgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Bjarnholt, Gert
    Brenning, Nils
    Elfsberg, Mattias
    Hurtig, Tomas
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Novac, Bucur M.
    Nyholm, Sten E.
    Small Helical Magnetic Flux-Compression Generators: Experiments and Analysis2008In: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, ISSN 0093-3813, E-ISSN 1939-9375, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 2673-2683Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to gain experience in explosive pulsed power and to provide experimental data for modeling, a small high-explosive-driven helical magnetic flux-compression generator (FCG) was designed at the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). The generator, of which three have been built, has an overall length of 300 mm and a diameter of 70 mm. It could serve as the energy source in a pulse-forming network to generate high power pulses for various loads. This paper presents the design of, and tests with, this helical FCG. The generator had an initial inductance of 23 mu H and was operated into a load of 0.2 mu H. The generator is charged with 0.27 kg of high explosives (PBXN-5). Various types of diagnostics were used to monitor the operation of the generator, including current probes, optical fibers, and piezo gauges. With seed currents of 5.7 and 11.2 kA, final currents of 269 and 436 kA were obtained, corresponding to current amplification factors of 47 and 39. The peak of the current was reached about 30 mu s after the time of crowbar. The two generators showed only small losses in terms of 2 pi-clocking. Using signals from optical fibers, the deflection angle of the armature could be determined to be 10 degrees in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of the detonation process and the detonation velocity to be 8.7 km/s in agreement with tabulated value.

  • 28. Appelgren, Patrik
    et al.
    Brenning, Nils
    Hurtig, Tomas
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Novac, Bucur M.
    Nyholm, Sten E.
    Modeling of a Small Helical Magnetic Flux-Compression Generator2008In: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, ISSN 0093-3813, E-ISSN 1939-9375, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 2662-2672Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to gain experience in explosive pulsed power and to provide experimental data as the basis for computer modeling, a small high-explosive-driven helical magnetic flux-compression generator (FCG) was designed at the Swedish Defence Research Agency. The generator, of which three have been built, has an overall length of 300 mm and a diameter of 70 mm. It could serve as the energy source in a pulse-forming network to generate high-power pulses for various loads. This paper presents a simulation model of this helical FCG. The model, which was implemented in Matlab-Simulink, uses analytical expressions for the generator inductance. The model of resistive losses takes into account the heating of the conductors and the diffusion of the magnetic field into the conductors. The simulation results are compared with experimental data from two experiments with identical generators but with different seed currents, influencing the resistive losses. The model is used to analyze the performance of the generator.

  • 29.
    Arinell, Karin
    et al.
    Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden..
    Christensen, Kjeld
    Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden..
    Blanc, Stephane
    Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien–De´partement d’Ecologie, Physiologie,.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Frobert, Ole
    Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden..
    Effect of prolonged standardized bed rest on cystatin C and other markers of cardiovascular risk2011In: BMC Physiology, E-ISSN 1472-6793, Vol. 11, no 1, p. 17-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Sedentary lifestyle is associated with coronary artery disease but even shorter periods of physical inactivity may increase cardiovascular risk. Cystatin C is independently associated with cardiovascular disease and our objective was to investigate the relation between this novel biomarker and standardized bed rest. Research of immobilization physiology in humans is challenging because good biological models are in short supply. From the Women International Space simulation for Exploration study (WISE) we studied markers of atherosclerosis and kidney function, including cystatin C, in a standardized bed rest study on healthy volunteers. Fifteen healthy female volunteers participated in a 20-day ambulatory control period followed by 60 days of bed rest in head-down tilt position (-6degrees) 24 h a day, finalized by 20 days of recovery. The subjects were randomized into two groups during bed rest: a control group (n=8) that remained physically inactive and an exercise group (n=7) that participated in both supine resistance and aerobic exercise training.

    RESULTS:

    Compared to baseline values there was a statistically significant increase in cystatin C in both groups after bed rest (P<0.001). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), calculated by both cystatin C and Cockcroft-Gault equation, decreased after bed rest while there were no differences in creatinine or creatine kinase levels. CRP did not change during bed rest in the exercise group, but there was an increase of CRP in the control group during recovery compared to both the baseline and the bed rest periods. The apo-B/apo-Ai ratio increased during bed rest and decreased again in the recovery period. Subjects experienced a small but statistically significant reduction in weight during bed rest and compared to baseline weights remained lower at day 8 of recovery.

    CONCLUSION:

    During and following prolonged standardized bed rest the concentrations of several clinically relevant cardiovascular risk markers change.

  • 30. Arinell, Karin
    et al.
    Frobert, Ole
    Blanc, Stephane
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Christensen, Kjeld
    Down regulation of platelet activation markers during long-term immobilization2012In: Thrombosis Research, ISSN 0049-3848, E-ISSN 1879-2472, Vol. 130, no S1, p. S102-S102Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 31. Arinell, Karin
    et al.
    Fröbert, Ole
    Blanc, Stéphane
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Christensen, Kjeld
    Downregulation of platelet activation markers during long-term immobilization2013In: Platelets, ISSN 0953-7104, E-ISSN 1369-1635, Vol. 24, no 5, p. 369-374Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Immobilization and sedentary lifestyle are risk factors for venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular disease, yet little is known about platelet function during long-term physical inactivity. Our aim was to investigate platelet activation markers and their coupling to standardized immobilization: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and P-selectin. We studied 15 healthy females participating in the Women International Space simulation for Exploration study. Following a 20-day ambulatory control period, the subjects underwent 60 days of bed rest in head-down tilt position (-6°) 24 hours a day, finalized by 20 days of recovery. The subjects were randomized into two groups during bed rest: a control group (n = 8) that remained physically inactive and an exercise group (n = 7) that participated in both supine resistance and aerobic exercise training. Blood samples for the analysis of platelet activation markers were collected at baseline (5 days before bed rest), after 44 days of bed rest and 8 days into the recovery period. Compared to baseline, the levels of P-selectin and PDGF-BB decreased after bed rest (by 55%, p = 0.01 and 73%, p < 0.03, respectively) and remained decreased in the recovery period (by 76%, p < 0.001 and 78%, p < 0.02, respectively, compared to baseline). Platelet count (baseline value for the exercise group 260 000/µl ± 34 000 and baseline value for the control group 210 000/µl ± 30 000) did not change during the bed rest study (two-way repeated measurements ANOVA, p = ns). There were no statistical differences between the physically inactive and the exercise group. During long-term immobilization, a known risk factor for thrombosis, the levels of P-selectin and PDGF-BB decreased. Our findings indicate downregulation of platelet activation during immobilization.

  • 32. Armocida, Benedetta
    et al.
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    Sawyer, Susan
    Bustreo, Flavia
    Segafredo, Giulia
    Castelpietra, Giulio
    Ronfani, Luca
    Pasovic, Maja
    Hay, Simon
    Perel, Pablo
    Beran, David
    Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents aged 10-24 years in the EU, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 20192022In: The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, ISSN 2352-4650, Vol. 6, no 6, p. 367-383, article id S2352-4642(22)00073-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Disability and mortality burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen worldwide; however, the NCD burden among adolescents remains poorly described in the EU.

    METHODS: Estimates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Causes of NCDs were analysed at three different levels of the GBD 2019 hierarchy, for which mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted. Estimates, with the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were retrieved for EU Member States from 1990 to 2019, three age subgroups (10-14 years, 15-19 years, and 20-24 years), and by sex. Spearman's correlation was conducted between DALY rates for NCDs and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) of each EU Member State.

    FINDINGS: In 2019, NCDs accounted for 86·4% (95% uncertainty interval 83·5-88·8) of all YLDs and 38·8% (37·4-39·8) of total deaths in adolescents aged 10-24 years. For NCDs in this age group, neoplasms were the leading causes of both mortality (4·01 [95% uncertainty interval 3·62-4·25] per 100 000 population) and YLLs (281·78 [254·25-298·92] per 100 000 population), whereas mental disorders were the leading cause for YLDs (2039·36 [1432·56-2773·47] per 100 000 population) and DALYs (2040·59 [1433·96-2774·62] per 100 000 population) in all EU Member States, and in all studied age groups. In 2019, among adolescents aged 10-24 years, males had a higher mortality rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs than females (11·66 [11·04-12·28] vs 7·89 [7·53-8·23]), whereas females presented a higher DALY rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs (8003·25 [5812·78-10 701·59] vs 6083·91 [4576·63-7857·92]). From 1990 to 2019, mortality rate due to NCDs in adolescents aged 10-24 years substantially decreased (-40·41% [-43·00 to -37·61), and also the YLL rate considerably decreased (-40·56% [-43·16 to -37·74]), except for mental disorders (which increased by 32·18% [1·67 to 66·49]), whereas the YLD rate increased slightly (1·44% [0·09 to 2·79]). Positive correlations were observed between DALY rates and SDIs for substance use disorders (rs=0·58, p=0·0012) and skin and subcutaneous diseases (rs=0·45, p=0·017), whereas negative correlations were found between DALY rates and SDIs for cardiovascular diseases (rs=-0·46, p=0·015), neoplasms (rs=-0·57, p=0·0015), and sense organ diseases (rs=-0·61, p=0·0005).

    INTERPRETATION: NCD-related mortality has substantially declined among adolescents in the EU between 1990 and 2019, but the rising trend of YLL attributed to mental disorders and their YLD burden are concerning. Differences by sex, age group, and across EU Member States highlight the importance of preventive interventions and scaling up adolescent-responsive health-care systems, which should prioritise specific needs by sex, age, and location.

    FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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  • 33.
    Arvidson, Nils Gunnar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Larsen, A.
    Aaseth, J.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Short-term effects of the TNFalpha antagonist infliximab on the acute phase reaction and activities of daily life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis2007In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, ISSN 0036-5513, E-ISSN 1502-7686, Vol. 67, no 3, p. 337-342Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. To investigate the short-term effects of the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antagonist infliximab on the acute phase reaction and activities of daily life (ADL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Fourteen patients with active RA were treated with an intravenous infusion of 200 mg infliximab. The values of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, granulocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelet count and a patient questionnaire score on ADL, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), were obtained at baseline and on days 4 and 14. The significance levels and effect sizes (ESs) of the changes from baseline were calculated. Results. Changes by day 4: The ESs and significance levels were: CRP 1.7, p<0.005; lymphocyte count 1.4, p<0.005; fibrinogen 0.9, p<0.005; ESR 0.7, p<0.005; and HAQ 0.6, p<0.01. Changes by day 14: CRP 1.6, p<0.005; ESR 1.5, p<0.005; fibrinogen 1.3, p<0.005; lymphocyte count 1.0, p<0.005; granulocyte count 0.7, p<0.05; and HAQ 0.6, p<0.05. Conclusion. CRP, fibrinogen and ESR showed the largest ESs and were thus the most sensitive variables showing the early effect of infliximab in this study. The score on ADL (HAQ) showed less ES, but still significant short-term improvements.

  • 34.
    Asif, Sana
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Frithiof, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Franzén, Stephanie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Bülow Anderberg, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Kristensen, Bjarne
    Thermo Fisher Scientific, DK-84 3450 Alleröd, Denmark..
    Hultström, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology.
    Lipcsey, Miklós
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Dexamethasone in Severe COVID-19: A Swedish Cohort Study2023In: Biomedicines, E-ISSN 2227-9059, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 164Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dexamethasone (Dex) has been shown to decrease mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the physiological and immunological effects associated with Dex administration in patients admitted to intensive care with severe COVID-19. A total of 216 adult COVID-19 patients were included-102 (47%) received Dex, 6 mg/day for 10 days, and 114 (53%) did not. Standard laboratory parameters, plasma expression of cytokines, endothelial markers, immunoglobulin (Ig) IgA, IgM, and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed post-admission to intensive care. Patients treated with Dex had higher blood glucose but lower blood lactate, plasma cortisol, IgA, IgM, IgG, D-dimer, cytokines, syndecan-1, and E-selectin and received less organ support than those who did not receive Dex (Without-Dex). There was an association between Dex treatment and IL-17A, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, syndecan-1 as well as E-selectin in predicting 30-day mortality. Among a subgroup of patients who received Dex early, within 14 days of COVID-19 debut, the adjusted mortality risk was 0.4 (95% CI 0.2-0.8), i.e., 40% compared with Without-Dex. Dex administration in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients resulted in altered immunological and physiologic responses, some of which were associated with mortality.

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  • 35.
    Asif, Sana
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Ruge, Thoralph
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Lund, 221 00, Sweden..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Bülow Anderberg, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Lipcsey, Miklós
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Frithiof, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Hultström, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology.
    Plasma endostatin correlates with hypoxia and mortality in COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure2021In: Biomarkers in Medicine, ISSN 1752-0363, E-ISSN 1752-0371, Vol. 15, no 16, p. 1509-1517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The contribution of endothelial injury in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and resulting respiratory failure remains unclear. Plasma endostatin, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction is upregulated during hypoxia, inflammation and progress of pulmonary disease.

    Aim: To investigate if plasma endostatin is associated to hypoxia, inflammation and 30-day mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.

    Method: Samples for blood analysis and plasma endostatin quantification were collected from adult patients with ongoing COVID-19 (n = 109) on admission to intensive care unit (day 1). Demographic characteristics and 30-day mortality data were extracted from medical records. The ability of endostatin to predict mortality was analyzed using receiving operating characteristics and Kaplan-Meier analysis with a cutoff at 46.2 ng/ml was used to analyze the association to survival.

    Results: Plasma endostatin levels correlated with; PaO2/FiO2 (r = -0.3, p < 0.001), arterial oxygen tension (r = -0.2, p = 0.01), lactate (r = 0.2, p = 0.04), C-reactive protein (r = 0.2, p = 0.04), ferritin (r = 0.2, p = 0.09), D-dimer (r = 0.2, p = 0.08) and IL-6 (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). Nonsurvivors at 30 days had higher plasma endostatin levels than survivors (72 ± 26 vs 56 ± 16 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Receiving operating characteristic curve (area under the curve 0.7) showed that plasma endostatin >46.2 ng/ml predicts mortality with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 71%. In patients with plasma endostatin >46.2 ng/ml probability of survival was lower (p = 0.02) in comparison to those with endostatin <46.2 ng/ml.

    Conclusion: Our results suggest that plasma endostatin is an early biomarker for disease severity in COVID-19.

  • 36.
    Bacchetti, Tiziana
    et al.
    Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
    Morresi, Camilla
    Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
    Ferretti, Gianna
    Department of Clinical Science and Odontostomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;Center for Health Promotion, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Åkerfeldt, Torbjörn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Svensson, Michael
    Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 90 187 Umeå, Sweden;Umeå School of Sport Sciences, Umeå University, 90 187 Umeå, Sweden.
    Effects of Seven Weeks of Combined Physical Training on High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality in Overweight/Obese Subjects2023In: Metabolites, ISSN 2218-1989, E-ISSN 2218-1989, Vol. 13, no 10, p. 1068-1068Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Our study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on HDL composition and functional properties in overweight/obese subjects. Eighteen overweight/obese subjects (nine F and nine M, BMI = 30.3 ± 3 kg/m2) attended supervised training for 7 weeks. The protocol included combined resistance and conditioning training four to five times each week. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) associated with HDL was evaluated in all subjects before and after the training intervention. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and oxidative stress markers (ox-LDLs and total antioxidant capacity) were studied in the serums of the subjects. At the end of the intervention, the activity of PON1 was increased (p < 0.0001), and MPO levels and the MPO/PON1 ratio were decreased (p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant improvement in muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in total and visceral adipose tissue mass (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.008), without any significant decrease in body weight, were observed. A significant correlation was established between serum MPO/PON ratios, HDL redox activity and ox-LDLs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that exercise training, without modifications of dietary habits, improved HDL functionality in overweight/obese adults, without any significant reduction in BMI or modifications of glucose and lipid biochemical parameters.

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  • 37.
    Backryd, Emmanuel
    et al.
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Pain & Rehabil Ctr, Linkoping, Sweden..
    Tanum, Lars
    Akershus Univ Hosp, Dept R&D Mental Hlth, Lorenskog, Norway..
    Lind, Anne-Li
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Gordh, Torsten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma2017In: Journal of Pain Research, E-ISSN 1178-7090, Vol. 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In addition to central hyperexcitability and impaired top-down modulation, chronic inflammation probably plays a role in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM). Indeed, on the basis of both animal experiments and human studies involving the analysis of cytokines and other inflammation-related proteins in different body fluids, neuroinflammatory mechanisms are considered to be central to the pathophysiology of many chronic pain conditions. However, concerning FM, previous human plasma/serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine studies have looked only at a few predetermined cytokine candidates. Instead of analyzing only a few substances at a time, we used a new multiplex protein panel enabling simultaneous analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins. Hence, we investigated the CSF and plasma inflammatory profiles of 40 FM patients compared with CSF from healthy controls (n= 10) and plasma from blood donor controls (n= 46). Using multivariate data analysis by projection, we found evidence of both neuroinflammation (as assessed in CSF) and chronic systemic inflammation (as assessed in plasma). Two groups of proteins (one for CSF and one for plasma) highly discriminating between patients and controls are presented. Notably, we found high levels of CSF chemokine CX3CL1 (also known as fractalkine). In addition, previous findings concerning IL-8 in FM were replicated, in both CSF and plasma. This is the first time that such an extensive inflammatory profile has been described for FM patients. Hence, FM seems to be characterized by objective biochemical alterations, and the lingering characterization of its mechanisms as essentially idiopathic or even psychogenic should be seen as definitively outdated.

  • 38.
    Balintescu, Anca
    et al.
    Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Palmgren, Ida
    Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hudiksvall Hospital, Hudiksvall, Sweden..
    Lipcsey, Miklós
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Oldner, Anders
    Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Cronhjort, Maria
    Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lind, Marcus
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Wernerman, Jan
    Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mårtensson, Johan
    n of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Prevalence and impact of chronic dysglycemia in intensive care unit patients-A retrospective cohort study.2021In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-5172, E-ISSN 1399-6576, Vol. 65, no 1, p. 82-91Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic dysglycemia (diabetes and prediabetes) in patients admitted to Swedish intensive care units (ICUs) is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of such chronic dysglycemia and asses its impact on blood glucose control and patient-centered outcomes in critically ill patients.

    METHODS: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we obtained glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients admitted to four tertiary ICUs in Sweden between March and August 2016. Based on previous diabetes history and HbA1c we determined the prevalence of chronic dysglycemia. We used multivariable regression analyses to study the association of chronic dysglycemia with the time-weighted average blood glucose concentration, glycemic lability index (GLI), and development of hypoglycemia (co-primary outcomes), and with ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation duration, renal replacement therapy (RRT) use, vasopressor use, ICU-acquired infections, and mortality (exploratory clinical outcomes).

    RESULTS: Of 943 patients, 312 (33%) had chronic dysglycemia. Of these 312 patients, 84 (27%) had prediabetes, 43 (14%) had undiagnosed diabetes and 185 (59%) had known diabetes. Chronic dysglycemia was independently associated with higher time-weighted average blood glucose concentration (P < .001), higher GLI (P < .001), and hypoglycemia (P < .001). Chronic dysglycemia was independently associated with RRT use (adjusted odds ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.24-3.13, P = .004) but not with other exploratory clinical outcomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: In four tertiary Swedish ICUs, measurement of HbA1c showed that one-third of patients had chronic dysglycemia. Chronic dysglycemia was associated with marked derangements in glycemic control, and a greater need for renal replacement therapy.

  • 39.
    Bandaru, Manoj Kumar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Emmanouilidou, Anastasia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Erik, Ingelsson
    Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University.
    den Hoed, Marcel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Apoc2 mutant zebrafish: a model for hypertriglyceridemia and early-stage atherosclerosisManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Zebrafish larvae in a hypertriglyceridemic background can be useful to identify and characterize causal genes for triglyceride metabolism. A previous, small-scale study suggested that apolipoprotein C-II (apoc2)-mutant zebrafish larvae can be used to model hypertriglyceridemia-induced atherosclerosis. We aimed to replicate these findings in a large-scale study and asses if APOC-II may represent a useful therapeutic target. We generated apoc2 mutant zebrafish using CRISPR-Cas9 and examined cardiometabolomic traits in their offspring (F1 generation). Systematic characterization of 384 larvae using our image and assay-based, high-throughput pipeline showed that compound heterozygous larvae for loss of function mutations in apoc2 (n=35) have higher whole-body levels of triglycerides (0.71±0.16 SD), HDL cholesterol (0.32±0.15 SD) and total cholesterol (0.37±0.18 SD), and a trend for lower whole-body glucose levels (0.23±0.14 SD) compared with larvae without mutations in apoc2 (n=174). Such larvae also tended to have more vascular lipid deposition, however this effect did not reach significance (P=0.12). Interestingly, the trends for lower whole-body glucose levels and more vascular lipid deposition in larvae with anticipated loss of functional apoc2 reached significance when larvae (n=3812) from other screens, in which apoc2 was not experimentally perturbed were included as additional wildtype controls. Thus, our large-scale study confirms the role of apoc2 in hypertriglyceridemia and early-stage atherosclerosis. While apoc2 mutant zebrafish model can be used as a genetic background to identify and characterize causal genes for triglyceride metabolism, independent and opposite effects on triglycerides and glucose suggest that APOC-II is likely not a suitable target for prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease.

  • 40.
    Bandaru, Manoj Kumar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Mazzaferro, Eugenia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Emmanouilidou, Anastasia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Erik, Ingelsson
    Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University.
    den Hoed, Marcel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Image-based, in vivo characterization of cardiometabolic consequences of mutations in pcsk9Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Based on the association of loss-of-function mutations in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with low plasma LDL cholesterol levels, inhibition of the PCSK9 protein using monoclonal antibodies have emerged as an effective treatment option to lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Despite these beneficial effects, PCSK9 inhibitors may increase the risk of diabetes. In this study, we mimicked the mechanistic action of PCSK9 inhibitors in humans by inducing mutations in pcsk9 in zebrafish and examining their effects on dyslipidemia, early-stage atherosclerosis and diabetes-related traits in data from nearly 5000 zebrafish larvae. At 10 days of age, larvae with mutations in pcsk9 were characterized by lower whole-body LDL cholesterol levels (beta±SE -0.056±0.025 SD units) and protection against early-stage atherosclerosis, with less vascular lipid deposition (-0.133±0.035 SD) and less co-localization of macrophages with lipids (-0.086±0.032 SD). Mutant larvae also had fewer pancreatic β-cells (-0.153±0.055 SD). Thus, our findings in pcsk9 mutant larvae are in line with results from people carrying loss-of-function PCSK9 mutations, and are also in line with the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors in humans. Further, our results suggest that mutations in pcsk9 may increase the risk of diabetes through a direct effect on pancreatic β-cells.

  • 41.
    Bandert, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Research and Development, Gävleborg. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gävle Hospital, Lasarettvägen 1, 80324, Gävle, Sweden.
    Lipcsey, Miklós
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Frithiof, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Smekal, David
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    In an endotoxaemic model, antibiotic clearance can be affected by different central venous catheter positions, during renal replacement therapy2023In: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, E-ISSN 2197-425X, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: In intensive care, different central venous catheters (CVC) are often used for infusion of drugs. If a patient is treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) a second catheter, a central venous dialysis catheter (CVDC), is needed. Placing the catheters close together might pose a risk that a drug infused in a CVC could be directly aspirated into a CRRT machine and cleared from the blood without giving the effect intended. The purpose of this study was to elucidate if drug clearance is affected by different catheter placement, during CRRT. In this endotoxaemic animal model, an infusion of antibiotics was administered in a CVC placed in the external jugular vein (EJV). Antibiotic clearance was compared, whether CRRT was through a CVDC placed in the same EJV, or in a femoral vein (FV). To reach a target mean arterial pressure (MAP), noradrenaline was infused through the CVC and the dose was compared between the CDVDs.

    RESULTS: The main finding in this study was that clearance of antibiotics was higher when both catheter tips were in the EJV, close together, compared to in different vessels, during CRRT. The clearance of gentamicin was 21.0 ± 7.3 vs 15.5 ± 4.2 mL/min (p 0.006) and vancomycin 19.3 ± 4.9 vs 15.8 ± 7.1 mL/min (p 0.021). The noradrenaline dose to maintain a target MAP also showed greater variance with both catheters in the EJV, compared to when catheters were placed in different vessels.

    CONCLUSION: The results in this study indicate that close placement of central venous catheter tips could lead to unreliable drug concentration, due to direct aspiration, during CRRT.

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  • 42. Barber, RM
    et al.
    Fullman, N
    Sorensen, RJD
    Bollyky, T
    McKee, M
    Nolte, E
    Abajobir, AA
    Abate, KH
    Abbafati, C
    Abbas, KM
    Abd-Allah, F
    Abdulle, AM
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Younis, MZ
    Yu, C
    Zaidi, Z
    El Sayed Zaki, M
    Zambrana-Torrelio, C
    Zapata, T
    Zenebe, ZM
    Zodpey, S
    Zoeckler, L
    Zuhlke, LJ
    Murray, CJL
    Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10091, p. 231-266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.

    METHODS: We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time.

    FINDINGS: Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0-42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2-55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015.

    INTERPRETATION: This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world.

    FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

  • 43.
    Barrueta Tenhunen, Annelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Massaro, Fabrizia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory. Anthea Hosp, GVM Care & Res, Cardiac Anesthesia & Intens Care, Bari, Italy.
    Hansson, Hans Arne
    Univ Gothenburg, Inst Biomed, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Feinstein, Ricardo
    Natl Vet Inst, Dept Pathol & Wildlife Dis, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Perchiazzi, Gaetano
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Does the antisecretory peptide AF-16 reduce lung oedema in experimental ARDS?2019In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 124, no 4, p. 246-253Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory condition with pulmonary capillary leakage and lung oedema formation. There is currently no pharmacologic treatment for the condition. The antisecretory peptide AF-16 reduces oedema in experimental traumatic brain injury. In this study, we tested AF-16 in an experimental porcine model of ARDS.

    Methods: Under surgical anaesthesia 12 piglets were subjected to lung lavage followed by 2 hours of injurious ventilation. Every hour for 4 hours, measurements of extravascular lung water (EVLW), mechanics of the respiratory system, and hemodynamics were obtained.

    Results: There was a statistically significant (p = 0.006, two-way ANOVA) reduction of EVLW in the AF-16 group compared with controls. However, this was not mirrored in any improvement in the wet-to-dry ratio of lung tissue samples, histology, inflammatory markers, lung mechanics, or gas exchange.

    Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that AF-16 might improve oedema resolution as indicated by a reduction in EVLW in experimental ARDS.

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  • 44.
    Barrueta Tenhunen, Annelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    van der Heijden, Jaap
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Blokhin, Ivan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Massaro, Fabrizia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory. Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Anthea Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Bari, Italy.
    Hansson, Hans Arne
    Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Feinstein, Ricardo
    Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Tenhunen, Jyrki
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    The antisecretory peptide AF-16 may modulate tissue edema but not inflammation in experimental peritonitis induced sepsis2020In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 8, article id e0232302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sepsis is a life-threatening condition due to a dysregulated immunological response to infection. Apart from source control and broad-spectrum antibiotics, management is based on fluid resuscitation and vasoactive drugs. Fluid resuscitation implicates the risk of volume overload, which in turn is associated with longer stay in intensive care, prolonged use of mechanical ventilation and increased mortality. Antisecretory factor (AF), an endogenous protein, is detectable in most tissues and in plasma. The biologically active site of the protein is located in an 8-peptide sequence, contained in a synthetic 16-peptide fragment, named AF-16. The protein as well as the peptide AF-16 has multiple modulatory effects on abnormal fluid transport and edema formation/resolution as well as in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Apart from its' anti-secretory and anti-inflammatory characteristics, AF is an inhibitor of capillary leakage in intestine. It is not known whether the protein AF or the peptide AF-16 can ameliorate symptoms in sepsis. We hypothesized that AF-16 decreases the degree of hemodynamic instability, the need of fluid resuscitation, vasopressor dose and tissue edema in fecal peritonitis. To test the hypothesis, we induced peritonitis and sepsis by injecting autologous fecal solution into abdominal cavity of anesthetized pigs, and randomized (in a blind manner) the animals to intervention (AF-16, n = 8) or control (saline, n = 8) group. After the onset of hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure < 60 mmHg maintained for > 5 minutes), intervention with AF-16 (20 mg/kg (50 mg/ml) in 0.9% saline) intravenously (only the vehicle in the control group) and a protocolized resuscitation was started. We recorded respiratory and hemodynamic parameters hourly for twenty hours or until the animal died and collected post mortem tissue samples at the end of the experiment. No differences between the groups were observed regarding hemodynamics, overall fluid balance, lung mechanics, gas exchange or histology. However, liver wet-to-dry ratio remained lower in AF-16 treated animals as compared to controls, 3.1 ± 0.4, (2.7-3.5, 95% CI, n = 8) vs 4.0 ± 0.6 (3.4-4.5, 95% CI, n = 8), p = 0.006, respectively. Bearing in mind the limited sample size, this experimental pilot study suggests that AF-16 may inhibit sepsis induced liver edema in peritonitis-sepsis.

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  • 45.
    Barrueta Tenhunen, Annelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    van der Heijden, Jaap
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Dogné, Sophie
    Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sci-ences (NARILIS), University of Namur (Unamur), Belgium.
    Flamion, Bruno
    Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sci-ences (NARILIS), University of Namur (Unamur), Belgium.
    Weigl, Wojciech
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Frithiof, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Skorup, Paul
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Infection medicine.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Tenhunen, Jyrki
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    High molecular weight hyaluronan: a potential adjuvant to fluid resuscitation in abdominal sepsis?2023In: Shock, ISSN 1073-2322, E-ISSN 1540-0514, Vol. 59, no 5, p. 763-770Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While fluid resuscitation is fundamental in the treatment of sepsis-induced tissue hypo-perfusion, a sustained positive fluid balance is associated with excess mortality. Hyaluronan, an endogenous glycosaminoglycan with high affinity to water, has not been tested previously as adjuvant to fluid resuscitation in sepsis.

    In a prospective, parallel-grouped, blinded model of porcine peritonitis-sepsis, we randomized animals to intervention with adjuvant hyaluronan (add-on to standard therapy) (n=8) or 0.9% saline (n=8). After the onset of hemodynamic instability the animals received an initial bolus of 0.1 % hyaluronan 1 mg/kg/10 min or placebo (0.9% saline) followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1% hyaluronan (1 mg/kg/h) or saline during the experiment. We hypothesized that the administration of hyaluronan would reduce the volume of fluid administered (aiming at stroke volume variation <13%) and/or attenuate the inflammatory reaction.

    Total volumes of intravenous fluids infused were 17.5 ± 11 ml/kg/h vs. 19.0 ± 7 ml/kg/h in intervention and control groups, respectively (p = 0.442). Plasma IL-6 increased to 2450 (1420 – 6890) pg/ml and 3690 (1410 – 11960) pg/ml (18 hours of resuscitation) in the intervention and control groups (NS). The intervention counteracted the increase in proportion of fragmented hyaluronan associated with peritonitis-sepsis alone (mean peak elution fraction (18 hours of resuscitation) control group: 17.9 ± 0.6 vs. intervention group: 16.8 ± 0.9 (p = 0.031).

    In conclusion, hyaluronan did not reduce the volume needed for fluid resuscitation or decrease the inflammatory reaction, even though it counterbalanced the peritonitis induced shift towards increased proportion of fragmented hyaluronan.

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  • 46.
    Barrueta Tenhunen, Annelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    van der Heijden, Jaap
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Skorup, Paul
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Infection medicine.
    Maccarana, Marco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Perchiazzi, Gaetano
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Tenhunen, Jyrki
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Fluid restrictive resuscitation with high molecular weight hyaluronan infusion in early peritonitis sepsis2023In: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, E-ISSN 2197-425X, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sepsis is a condition with high morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and initiation of treatment is essential. Despite forming an integral part of sepsis management, fluid resuscitation may also lead to volume overload, which in turn is associated with increased mortality. The optimal fluid strategy in sepsis resuscitation is yet to be defined. Hyaluronan, an endogenous glycosaminoglycan with high affinity to water is an important constituent of the endothelial glycocalyx. We hypothesized that exogenously administered hyaluronan would counteract intravascular volume depletion and contribute to endothelial glycocalyx integrity in a fluid restrictive model of peritonitis. In a prospective, blinded model of porcine peritonitis sepsis, we randomized animals to intervention with hyaluronan (n = 8) or 0.9% saline (n = 8). The animals received an infusion of 0.1% hyaluronan 6 ml/kg/h, or the same volume of saline, during the first 2 h of peritonitis. Stroke volume variation and hemoconcentration were comparable in the two groups throughout the experiment. Cardiac output was higher in the intervention group during the infusion of hyaluronan (3.2 ± 0.5 l/min in intervention group vs 2.7 ± 0.2 l/min in the control group) (p = 0.039). The increase in lactate was more pronounced in the intervention group (3.2 ± 1.0 mmol/l in the intervention group and 1.7 ± 0.7 mmol/l in the control group) at the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). Concentrations of surrogate markers of glycocalyx damage; syndecan 1 (0.6 ± 0.2 ng/ml vs 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/ml, p = 0.292), heparan sulphate (1.23 ± 0.2 vs 1.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml, p = 0.211) and vascular adhesion protein 1 (7.0 ± 4.1 vs 8.2 ± 2.3 ng/ml, p = 0.492) were comparable in the two groups at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, hyaluronan did not counteract intravascular volume depletion in early peritonitis sepsis. However, this finding is hampered by the short observation period and a beneficial effect of HMW-HA in peritonitis sepsis cannot be discarded based on the results of the present study.

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  • 47.
    Basu, Samar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.
    Harris, Holly
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Vasson, Marie-Paule
    Wolk, Alicja
    Is There any Role for Serum Cathepsin S, CRP levels on Prognostic Information in Breast Cancer?: The Swedish Mammography Cohort2015In: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, ISSN 1523-0864, E-ISSN 1557-7716, Vol. 23, no 16, p. 1298-1302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and both low-grade inflammation and cathepsins might have important roles in breast cancer. We questioned whether prediagnostic circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), cathepsin B and cathepsin S were associated with breast cancer risk. Sixty-nine incident breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and 719 controls from the Swedish Mammography Cohort were analysed for systemic CRP, cathepsin B and cathepsin S. Cathepsin S and inflammation (hsCRP) adjusted cathepsin S were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (cathepsin S: OR for top vs. bottom tertile = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23-0.92; Ptrend = 0.02; hsCRP adjusted cathepsin S: OR of 0.44; 95% CI = 0.22-0.87; Ptrend = 0.02). hsCRP was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR for top vs. bottom tertile= 2.01; 95% CI = 1.02-3.95; Ptrend = 0.04). No significant association was observed between cathepsin B and breast cancer risk (OR for top vs. bottom tertile= 0.67; 95% CI = 0.32-1.40; Ptrend = 0.30). These observations lead to hypothesis that levels of cathepsin S and hsCRP observed in women who later developed breast cancer may provide prognostic information regarding tumor development and need to be evaluated in prospective studies.

  • 48.
    Basu, Samar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Vessby, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Vessby, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased cyclooxygenase- and cytokine-mediated inflammation2005In: Diabetes Care, ISSN 0149-5992, E-ISSN 1935-5548, Vol. 28, no 6, p. 1371-1375Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The extent of involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated inflammation in type 1 diabetes is unknown, and the association between the COX- and cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in type 1 diabetes is not fully understood.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), 24-h urinary and plasma 15-keto-dihydro-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (a metabolite of prostaglandin F(2alpha) [PGF(2alpha)] and an indicator of COX-mediated inflammation), serum amyloid protein A (SAA), and interleukin (IL)-6 (indicators of inflammation) were measured in 38 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 41 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects.

    RESULTS: The inflammatory indicators (urinary 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha), P < 0.01; IL-6, P < 0.04) were increased in men with diabetes. CRP and SAA did not show any significant difference between the diabetic and the control subjects. Urinary levels of 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) correlated with the degree of glycemic control, HbA(1c) (r = 0.42, P < 0.0005). No correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and the inflammatory biomarkers or metabolic measurements.

    CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an early low-grade inflammatory process reflected by elevated levels of PGF(2alpha) and IL-6 is involved in type 1 diabetes. Thus, both COX- and cytokine-mediated inflammatory pathways are significantly related to type 1 diabetes.

  • 49.
    Basu, Samar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.
    Zethelius, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Helmersson, Johanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Cytokine-mediated inflammation is independently associated with insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycemic insulin clamp in a community-based cohort of elderly men2011In: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, E-ISSN 1940-5901, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 164-168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Both clinical and experimental studies suggest a close relation between an inflammatory state and insulin resistance. We investigated the association between cytokine-mediated inflammation (high sensitivity C reactive protein [hsCRP] and interleukin [IL] 6) and insulin sensitivity (insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate, assessed by the euglycemic insulin clamp) in a community-based cohort, with subgroup analyses of normal weight individuals without diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (NCEP). hsCRP and IL-6 were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (multivariable-adjusted regression coefficient for 1-SD increase of hsCRP -0.12 (-0.21-(-0.03), p=0.01) and of IL-6 -0.11 (-0.21-(-0.02), p=0.01) in models adjusting for age and components of the metabolic syndrome (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, waist circumference). The multivariable-adjusted association between hsCRP, IL-6 and insulin sensitivity were of a similar magnitude in normal weight individuals without diabetes and without the metabolic syndrome. Our data show that cytokine -mediated subclinical inflammation is independently associated with decreased insulin sensitivity also in apparently metabolically healthy normal weight individuals, indicating that the interplay between inflammatory processes and insulin resistance is present already in the early stages of the development of glucometabolic disease.

  • 50.
    Batra, Gorav
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Modica, Angelo
    Pfizer AB, Sollentuna, Sweden..
    Renlund, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Christersson, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Held, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Oral anticoagulants, time in therapeutic range and renal function over time in real-life patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease2022In: Open heart, E-ISSN 2053-3624, Vol. 9, no 2, article id e002043Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: To describe the use of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), to evaluate changes in renal function over time and predictors of rapid decline, and to describe time in therapeutic range (TTR) and predictors of poor TTR among patients on warfarin.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from AuriculA, the Swedish oral anticoagulation registry, patients with AF on warfarin or DOAC were identified between 2013 and 2018 (N=6567). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated and categorised into normal (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2), mild CKD (60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate CKD (30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), severe CKD (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2) and end-stage CKD (<15 mL/min/1.73 m2)/dialysis. TTR was estimated using international normalised ratio (INR) measurements. Predictors of eGFR decline over time and of poor TTR were estimated using regression analysis. Between 2013 and 2018, use of DOAC increased from 9.2% to 89.3%, with a corresponding decline in warfarin. A similar trend was observed in patients with mild to moderate CKD, while DOAC over warfarin increased slower among patients with severe to end-stage CKD/dialysis. In patients treated with warfarin, the median TTR was 77.1%. Worse TTR was observed among patients with severe CKD (70.0%) and end-stage CKD/dialysis (67.5%). A gradual annual decline in eGFR was observed (-1.1 mL/min/1.73 m2), with a more rapid decline among patients with older age, female sex, diabetes mellitus and/or heart failure.

    CONCLUSION: In patients with AF, use of DOAC has steadily increased across different CKD stages, but not in patients with severe to end-stage CKD/dialysis despite these patients having poor INR control. Patients with AF have a gradual decline in renal function, with a more rapid decline among a subgroup of patients.

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