The aim of the present study was to investigate line managers’ experiences of their managementship after centralization of the HR department, and the decentralization of tasks that are related to HR work. Through a qualitative study, eight interviews were conducted with line managers within an energy corporate group in Central Sweden. The focus was on the line managers' experiences, narratives and experiences of their managementship, after the organizational change that was implemented. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The result showed that the line managers felt factors such as cooperation, clear expectations, greater responsibility and also that the separation of managementship and leadership contributed to the changes that centralization brought, were perceived as positive. The importance of these factors with the decentralization of the tasks related to HR work has thus contributed to the line managers feeling that they are able to manage the increased demands placed on them as managers, and that they enjoy their managementship.
Bakgrund: Humor har vetenskapligt uppmärksammats under de senaste 150 åren och har setts påverka människors liv och beteenden. Inom vården har humor observerats genom bland annat skratterapi och clowner, men humor kan även medföra rent fysiologiska förändringar som kan påverka hälsan till det bättre. Patienter sågs använda humor som en copingstrategi men också för att skapa en bättre kommunikation. För att detta ska kunna ske på bästa sätt mellan sjuksköterska och patient krävs bland annat tajming och intuition.
Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva humorns betydelse i interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient.
Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserat på elva vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats.
Resultat: Humor hade en positiv inverkan på både sjuksköterskor och patienter när det användes i deras möte och kommunikation. Humor bröt barriärer mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter. Patienternas självkänsla ökade och ömsesidighet skapades. Humor bidrog till trygghet för patienterna och minskade deras lidande. Humor användes som en copingstrategi hos sjuksköterskor och patienter. Tajming och genuskillnader påverkade humorns betydelse i interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient.
Slutsats: Betydelsen av humor påverkade interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient på ett positivt sätt. Patienterna upplevde sig mer som jämlikar när sjuksköterskor använde sig av humor och det stärkte vårdrelationen. Både patienter och sjuksköterskor såg humor som ett sätt att hantera stressade eller svåra situationer.
In 1994 a new Forestry Act was accepted in Sweden. One of the aims of the law is to raise consideration forpreservation of biodiversity. Since the new law got accepted and some time has passed, there now lie someinterest in examining whether the law has been effective towards its purpose. Methods suitable for analysishave been examined during this study. The content of this pilot study is based around five parameters whichcan be used to validate the effects of the new law. The field study were executed in Orsa, Dalarna, Sweden ina managed forest where last clearcut was performed after 1994. The work consisted of measuring theparameters specified and comparing the results to reference data from before 1994. The parameters benefit tothe preservation of biodiversity is discussed in the report aswell as the differences between the Forestry Actfrom 1994 and the previous one. The parameters examined in this study were standing dead wood, treespecies, thick big trees, trees with cavities/cavernous trees and smaller areas saved for preservation. All ofthese plus a few other variables are being considered in the 30 § of the Forestry Act of 1994. The reportimplied that the variables had a positive effect on the preservation of biodiversity, and possible to beinvestigated within the restrictions of this study, seemed to have increased. Due to the size of the forest beingsmall and reference data for some parameters missing or covering larger areas, one must be careful wheninterpreting the results.In 1994 a new Forestry Act was accepted in Sweden. One of the aims of the law is to raise consideration forpreservation of biodiversity. Since the new law got accepted and some time has passed, there now lie someinterest in examining whether the law has been effective towards its purpose. Methods suitable for analysishave been examined during this study. The content of this pilot study is based around five parameters whichcan be used to validate the effects of the new law. The field study were executed in Orsa, Dalarna, Sweden ina managed forest where last clearcut was performed after 1994. The work consisted of measuring theparameters specified and comparing the results to reference data from before 1994. The parameters benefit tothe preservation of biodiversity is discussed in the report aswell as the differences between the Forestry Actfrom 1994 and the previous one. The parameters examined in this study were standing dead wood, treespecies, thick big trees, trees with cavities/cavernous trees and smaller areas saved for preservation. All ofthese plus a few other variables are being considered in the 30 § of the Forestry Act of 1994. The reportimplied that the variables had a positive effect on the preservation of biodiversity, and possible to beinvestigated within the restrictions of this study, seemed to have increased. Due to the size of the forest beingsmall and reference data for some parameters missing or covering larger areas, one must be careful wheninterpreting the results.