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  • 1.
    Aalhuizen, Therése
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Eriksson, Per
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Språkbarriärer och tolkanvändning i vården ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv: En litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: During 2014 over 200 different languages were spoken in Sweden, and by the end of 2017 approximately 20 % of the population was foreign born. 110 000 healthcare injuries, many of them due to failure in communication were reported by the nursing association (2017). The evident language barriers create a lack of trust and confidence between patient and nurse. To overcome the identified language barriers interpreters have become a necessary tool in order to exchange information and create a trusting relationship between patients and nurses.

    Aim: To explore the nurses experiences and perceptions of existing language barriers and the use of interpreters within healthcare.

    Method: A literature review of fifteen scientific articles. These were identified in the databases PubMed and Cinahl through searches for relevant articles with appropriate keywords.

    Results: Nurses consider language barriers to be the biggest obstacle to good communication, which often lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations. The identified problem of communication is experienced as time consuming and the nurses perceive more planning to be needed when dealing with patients with a different mother tongue. Furthermore, it presents a severe challenge to maintain good care and establish an understanding of the patient’s story. Nurses prefer to use an interpreter on site, however interpreters by phone are more accessible. More than one underlying cause is linked to nurse’s skepticism to use interpreters. To mention one many nurses doubt the accuracy of the interpretation. Moreover, nurses acknowledge their need of further training and education in the use of interpreters.

    Conclusion: The result identified is based upon nurse’s first hand experiences of language barriers and the use of interpreters. The literature review has provided insightful knowledge and increased the understanding of language barriers and the use of interpreters in health care. The research will be an asset in future careers and provide help in overcoming set problem.

  • 2. Abarca-Goméz, Leandra
    et al.
    Abdeen, Ziad A
    Abdul Hamid, Zargar
    Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M
    Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin
    Acuin, Cecilia
    Adams, Robert J
    Aekplakorn, Wichai
    Forsner, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Ezzati, Majid
    Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10113, p. 2627-2642Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults.

    METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity).

    FINDINGS: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese.

    INTERPRETATION: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.

    FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.

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  • 3.
    Abdalle Hussein, Suaado
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Moreira, Melissa Silva
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Äldre personers och anhörigas upplevelser av besök på akutmottagningar: en litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background.  Older people currently constitute the largest patient group visiting emergency departments worldwide and are often accompanied by carers and/or relatives. The aging part of the population is increasing which leads to a greater strain on the health care system. While emergency departments offer acute care services to the general population, they are not well suited for the particular needs of older people and their relatives. Being aware of the issues older people and their relatives face during visits to the emergency department can help to deliver better suited care for this growing part of the population.  Aim. The aim of this literature review is to investigate older peoples’ and relatives’ experiences of visiting emergency departments.  Methods. The method of this study is a literature review of 14 articles from Australia, Europe, North America and South America. The databases used to find the articles were CINAHL and PubMed. Results. Results were divided into positive and negative themes. The six negative themes that emerged were: Lack of communication; Lack of patient involvement; Long waiting times; Lack of attentiveness; Inadequate physical environment and inadequate management of needs and symptoms. The positive theme that emerged was that emergency departments as reliable and easily accessible health care facilities. Conclusions. Older people and their relatives see their emergency department experience as mostly negative, exposing a need for better communication practices, positive person-centred interactions between health care staff and patients as well as their relatives and changes to the physical environment and health care system of the emergency department.

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  • 4. Abdillahi, Hamda A
    et al.
    Hassan, Khadra A
    Kiruja, Jonah
    Osman, Fatumo
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Egal, Jama A
    Klingberg-Allvin, Marie
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Erlandsson, Kerstin
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    A mixed-methods study of maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery at a referral hospital in Somaliland2017In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, ISSN 0020-7292, E-ISSN 1879-3479, Vol. 138, no 1, p. 119-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To explore maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery in Somaliland, including the impact of the prerequisite for family consent.

    METHODS: A facility-based, mixed-methods study was conducted to assess all maternal near misses and deaths recorded at a referral hospital that provided services to women from all regions of Somaliland. The data sources comprised a quantitative prospective cross-sectional study using the WHO near-miss tool (performed from August 1 to December 31, 2015) and qualitative interviews with 17 healthcare providers working at the referral hospital who were in direct contact with the women in labor (performed from January 15 to March 15, 2015).

    RESULTS: Of the 138 maternal near misses and deaths recorded, 50 (36%) were associated with emergency cesarean delivery. The most frequent maternal complication was severe pre-eclampsia (n=17; 34%), and the most frequent underlying causes were hypertensive disorders (n=31; 62%) and obstetric hemorrhage (n=15; 30%). Healthcare providers were often prevented from performing emergency cesarean delivery until the required consent had been received from the woman's extended family.

    CONCLUSION: Maternity care in Somaliland must be improved, and the issue of legal authority for consent examined, to ensure both safe and timely provision of emergency cesarean delivery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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  • 5.
    Abdulrahman, Mjilan
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Johansson, Emelie
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patienters upplevelser och positiva effekter av komplementär och alternativmedicin vid smärta: En litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Eighteen of Sweden's population suffers from long-term pain. The unmeasured data in the presence is not known. Among the older population, 54% of women and 38% prevalence of men, have long-term pain. The pain affects several factors, everything from inferior well-being and physical fatigue, to the impact on social life and work. The costs for society are estimated to cost SEK 87.5 billion annually in direct and indirect costs. Complementary and alternative medicine is a collective term for treatments that are not part of the traditional medical treatment. Examples of treatments include massage, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), cognitive behavioral therapy (KBT) and meditation/yoga. Aim: To describe patients' experiences and the positive effect of alternative and complementary medicine of long-term pain. Method: A literature review based on 14 scientific articles with qualitative or quantitative approach. Searches have been conducted in CINAHL and PubMed. Results: Three main themes emerged in the result, which was increased wellbeing, pain relief and increased mobility. The studies indicate that the patients experienced good pain relief and increased quality of life both physically and mentally during treatment with complementary and alternative medicine. Patients who have not achieved pain relief through traditional care, experienced good pain relief with complementary and alternative medicine. Conclusion:  Complementary and alternative medicine can be an alternative to traditional treatment and sometimes even a first alternative for several reasons, among other things to avoid side effects from drugs.

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  • 6.
    Abshir, Hamdiya
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Användning av information och kommunikationsteknologi för att främja egenvård på distans för patienter med diabetes typ 2 En litteraturöversikt2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that is linked to suffering

    and lack of quality of life. Self-care is essential to reduce the negative

    consequences. Less than half of all patients achieve good self-care. Some of the

    reasons are limited knowledge of diabetes and poor self-care compliance. The

    introduction of ICT in diabetes care was started to improve clinical outcomes and

    quality of life for patients with diabetes type 2. Aim: To describe how information

    and communication technology can promote self-care in distance for patients with

    diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: Literature study, in which the articles were

    searched in CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science. Articles included were 15

    articles with a quantitative, qualitative and mixed method. Results: The results

    showed that information and communication technology such as internet,

    computer and mobile phone-based self-care program promoted self-care in patients

    with diabetes type 2 by increasing knowledge, awareness, motivation and

    improving lifestyle change. Conclusion: Information and communication

    technology can facilitate the daily challenges for patients with type 2 diabetes

    because it covers the knowledge gap and increases patient awareness and

    motivation for self-care.

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  • 7.
    Adolfsson, Ulrika
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Östlund, Titti
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patienters erfarenhet av sårpumpsbehandling vid svårläkta sår: en litteraturöversikt2014Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 8.
    Agdahl, Petra
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Eriksson, Susanna
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Faktorer som kan påverka livskvalitén hos patientermed cancersjukdom inom palliativ vård - En litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Cancers can affect both sexes at any age and it is estimated that at least one in three people will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives. In the diagnosis of cancer, the care can have two orientations, curative or palliative. When curative care no longer is possible, the care is transferred to palliative care, which means that the focus is primarily on symptom relief, promoting quality of life and well-being. People may have different wishes and goals at the end of life and in order for the quality of life to be promoted, the individual wishes should be taken into account. Quality of life is individual and includes the factors that affect the individual and is a subjective assessment of the individual's social, emotional, material and physical well-being.Aim: To describe factors that can affect the quality of life of patiens with cancer in a late stage of palliative care from a patient perspective.Method: The study is conducted as a literature review based on 15 quantitative and 7 qualitative scientific articles. Data searches have been performed in the CINAHL and PubMed databases.Results: The results showed that there are 6 main categories that make up the factors that affect the quality of life, these are background factors, social factors, palliative care environment, psychological factors, physical factors and existential factors.Conclusion: Younger individuals experience a poorer quality of life than older people. Where the individual is cared for and the care environment was an important factor in promoting a good quality of life at the end of life. Depression and anxiety were factors that negatively affected the individual. The physical symptoms such as pain were strongly associated with poorer quality of life.

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  • 9.
    Agerberg, Sandra
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Norberg, Carina
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Faktorer av betydelse för god palliativ omvårdnadsett ur ett patientperspektiv- en litteraturöversikt2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this literature review was to, from a patient point of view, identify factors within the specialized palliative care that constituted good care from the.Method: A systematic literature review was undertaken. Fifteen articles were reviewed. Thirteen of these were qualitative and two were quantitative.Results: Four categories were identified: self determination, capability of the nurse, nursing relations and maintaining dignity.The patients self determination was a central part of nursing. Delegating control and self determination from a patient to a nurse is also a form of self determination.Capable nurses instill trust and gave patients the opportunity of more alternatives when it came to choices concerning the care of the patient.A good relation with the nurse could give the patient a feeling of being important and being a part of something bigger, despite lack of family or friends. Important factors regarding patient-nurse relations were continuity and nurse accessibility.Maintaining dignity included being seen as the human being that the patient was before the terminal illness was diagnosed.Conclusion: Patients noted several factors as important for good palliative care. These could be summarized as self determination, nurse capability, nursing relations and maintaining dignity.

  • 10.
    Agnas, Maja
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Holmenäs, Anna
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Egenvårdsråd vid "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease". Effekter och följsamhet: En litteraturöversikt2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet var att undersöka vilka egenvårdsråd och effekterna av dessa som finns beskrivna i litteraturen vid NAFLD samt hur följsamheten av dessa beskrivs. Studien utfördes som en litteraturöversikt som inkluderade 16 artiklar, alla med kvantitativ ansats. Resultatet visade att livsstilsförändringar i form av fysisk aktivitet och ändrade matvanor var det bästa sättet för att minska NAFLD. Viktminskning hade en god effekt på NAFLD och även små viktminskningar reducerade mängden fett i levern. Det framkom även att fysisk aktivitet utan viktminskning var effektivt för att reducera mängden fett i levern. Vidare visade det sig att följsamheten ökade med individuellt utformade program och kontinuerlig stöttning. Förutsättningar för att uppnå livsstilsförändringar ökade med realistiskt uppsatta mål.

  • 11.
    Ahlbäck, Karin
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Holmqvist, Marianne
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sexuell samvaro vid hjärtsjukdom2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Varje år är det cirka 38 000 personer som vårdas för hjärtsjukdom. Personer som genomgått en hjärtinfarkt kan få problem med sina sexuella relationer som en följd av sjukdomen, medicinering eller på grund av ångest. Syfte: att beskriva vanligt förekommande känslor inför sexuellt samliv hos personer med hjärtsjukdom samt beskriva hur sexualrådgivning kan erhållas av vårdpersonalen. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Artiklar söktes i databasen Cinahl samt genom sökmotorn Elin. Sjutton vetenskapliga artiklar, både kvantitativa och kvalitativa granskades. Resultat: personer med hjärtsjukdom känner ofta rädsla och oro inför sexuell aktivitet. Rädsla över att utlösa en hjärtinfarkt, eller till och med att dö. Även partnern till den hjärtsjuke kan känna oro och rädsla över sin maka eller make. Rådgivningen är ofta otillräcklig och bristfällig. Även där är den bristfällig till den hjärtsjukes partner. Diskussion: vården behöver bli bättre på att ta upp detta ämne till diskussion. Problemet behöver synliggöras så att personer med hjärtsjukdom och deras partner kan känna sig trygga med att återuppta sitt sexuella samliv. Slutsatsen är att sexualrådgivning till personer med hjärtsjukdom är ett eftersatt område inom sjukvården. För att förbättra vården och livskvaliteten hos personer med hjärtsjukdom behövs mer utbildning av vårdpersonalen samt utformning av riktlinjer för sexuell rådgivning.

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  • 12.
    Ahlenius, Victoria
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Irarrazabal, Maria
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att ge personcentrerad vård till personer med demenssjukdom: En litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Dementia impairs cognitive functions, such as memory and

    speech, changing a person’s life forever. Providing person-centred care to these

    persons intend to retain their identities, dignity and autonomy. Such care demands

    time, devotion and good knowledge of the caring nurse. Dementia is expected to

    increase in the future and therefore nurses will have to face new challenges.

    Aim: To describe nurses’ experience of providing person-centred care for people

    with dementia.

    Method: A literature review of 15 articles, published between 2009-2016, that

    have been read and analysed through content-analysis.

    Results: Nurses experience a positive change in their attitudes, when providing

    person-centred care to people with dementia, as they gained better understanding

    of their patients’ dignity and integrity. Education, training and support from

    management were seen as key factors for providing up-to-date care. Time was

    viewed as a hindrance for person-centred care, and often led to nurses prioritizing

    other routines. Two common outcomes of person-centred care were increased

    satisfaction as well as emotional burnout.

    Conclusion: Since dementia is increasing and nurses find person-centred care

    time-consuming, there is a risk of such care becoming poor. To prevent this nurses

    need good leadership and education.

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  • 13.
    Ahlfors, Marie
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Kvinnors upplevelse av urinläckage och behov av egenvård: En kvantitativ empirisk studie2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att beskvirva kvinnors upplevelse, erfarenhet, behov av egenvård vid urinläckage samt om de klarade att träna bäckenbottenmuskulaturen som en del i sin egenvård. Hur kan barnmorskors och distriktssköterskors samarbete förbättras. Metod: I denna enkätstudie som gjordes i en stad i Dalarna där 51 kvinnor besökte vårdcentralernas barnmorskor och BHV- sköterskor (barnhälsovård) under fyra veckor. De kom på planerade besök till barnmorskor för efterkontroll eller cellprovtagning (30-40 år) eller till BHV-sköterskor för 18 månaders kontroll av sin baby där de besvarade enkäterna. Barnmorskorna besvarade enenkät om hur de informerade kvinnorna om bäckenbottenträning för att åtgärda eller förhindra urinläckage. Resultat: Kvinnorna hade fåttinformation om bäckenbottenträning av barnmorskorna verbalt eller skriftligt men användandet av informationen om bäckenbottenträning för att förhindra urinläckage genomfördes inte regelbundet. De flesta i denna studie ansåg att de inte hade några problem med urinläckage eller mycket sällan. De läckte urin övervägande sällan vid aktivitet och de flesta använde inte knipövningar regelbundet. Diskussion: Hur kan vården öka förståelsen för preventiv egenvård med bäckenbottenträning för att minska urinläckage. Skulle ett ökat samarbete mellan barnmorskor och distriktssköterskor underlätta för kvinnor att med egenvård lättare hantera inkontinensproblem?

  • 14.
    Ahlström, Evelina
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Hellman, Nicklas
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Effekt av fysisk aktivitet hos äldre personer med depression och depressiva symtom: - En litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In today's society, depression is considered a world problem. A reduced desire for life, low self-esteem, tiredness and low energy are a few of the symptoms that a person with depression and depressive symptoms suffer from. The use of physical activity in various forms is recommended as a treatment for depression and depressive symptoms in elderly people. Person-centered care aims to ensure that the individual's own experience of health is in focus which increases the well-being of a person suffering from depression or depressive symptoms.Purpose: The purpose of the literature review is to investigate the effect of physical activity in elderly people with depression and depressive symptoms.Method: The degree project was carried out as a literature review. 14 articles were searched in the PubMed and CINAHL databases with keywords designed from the purpose. The articles were reviewed based on Dalarna University's review template and compiled based on different quality grades. Articles with medium and high quality were included. The results were categorised and compiled based on similarities and differences that emerged from the analysis.Results: The results of the literature review are shown to have an effect in depression and depressive symptoms in elderly people. Being physically active through an assigned individual exercise program, training in groups or in the form of yoga was shown to be able to positively affect the depressive symptoms and depression. The intensity of exercise and frequency may have an impact on the effect of depressive symptoms or depression.Conclusion: The effect of physical activity in various forms has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in elderly people.

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  • 15.
    Ahmed, Marwo
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Salah, Farhia
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Närståendes upplevelser av att leva med en familjemedlem som drabbats av stroke: En litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Stroke is a collective name for conditions that occur when the oxygen supply to the brain are disturbed as a result of a blockage or cerebral haemorrhage. The condition affects 15 million people annually making stroke one of the foremost the cause of death in the world. Stroke can contribute to major injuries which can be life changing for the person and the family. The nurse has an important role in providing support and care to the patient and informing and supporting relatives through this change.Aim: To describe family caregivers experience of life after strokeMethod: A literature review where 14 qualitative articles have been analyzed, the articles are taken from the databases Psycinfo, PubMed and CINAHL.Results: Three main categories were developed in the results. The categories was changed relationships and roles within the family, An everyday life with limitations and the consequences of a life in change..Conclusion: The literature review showed that relatives felt that life changed significantly after a family member's stroke diagnosis. The changed life situation made it difficult for relatives to restore a balance in everyday life. Through careful planning before hospital discharge, the nurse can identify which support measures are relevant for the family to have a functioning everyday life. The nurse should also be aware of the need for physical and emotional support in the meeting with relatives. The nurse can offer training, workshops or other forums where relatives can talk and meet families in similar situations. This can thus increase the nurse's ability to promote the health and well-being of relatives.

  • 16. Ahrne, Malin
    et al.
    Adan, Aisha
    Schytt, Erica
    Andersson, Ewa
    Small, Rhonda
    Flacking, Renée
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Byrskog, Ulrika
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Antenatal care for Somali born women in Sweden – perspectives from mothers, fathers and midwives2018In: European Journal of Public Health, Volume 28, Issue suppl_1, May 2018, 2018, Vol. 28Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 17. Ahrne, Malin
    et al.
    Schytt, Erica
    Andersson, Ewa
    Small, Rhonda
    Adan, Aisha
    Essén, Birgitta
    Byrskog, Ulrika
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Antenatal care for Somali-born women in Sweden: Perspectives from mothers, fathers and midwives2019In: Midwifery, ISSN 0266-6138, E-ISSN 1532-3099, Vol. 74, p. 107-115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To explore Somali-born parents' experiences of antenatal care in Sweden, antenatal care midwives´ experiences of caring for Somali-born parents, and their respective ideas about group antenatal care for Somali-born parents.

    DESIGN: Eight focus group discussions with 2-8 participants in each were conducted, three with Somali-born mothers, two with fathers and three with antenatal care midwives. The transcribed text was analysed using Attride-Stirling´s tool "Thematic networks".

    SETTING: Two towns in mid-Sweden and a suburb of the capital city of Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS: Mothers (n = 16), fathers (n = 13) and midwives (n = 7) were recruited using purposeful sampling.

    FINDINGS: Somali-born mothers and fathers in Sweden were content with many aspects of antenatal care, but they also faced barriers. Challenges in the midwife-parent encounter related to tailoring of care to individual needs, dealing with stereotypes, addressing varied levels of health literacy, overcoming communication barriers and enabling partner involvement. Health system challenges related to accessibility of care, limited resources, and the need for clear, but flexible routines and supportive structures for parent education. Midwives confirmed these challenges and tried to address them but sometimes lacked the support, resources and tools to do so. Mothers, fathers and midwives thought that language-supported group antenatal care might help to improve communication, provide mutual support and enable better dialogue, but they were concerned that group care should still allow privacy when needed and not stereotype families according to their country of birth.

    KEY CONCLUSIONS: ANC interventions targeting inequalities between migrants and non-migrants may benefit from embracing a person-centred approach, as a means to counteract stereotypes, misunderstandings and prejudice. Group antenatal care has the potential to provide a platform for person-centred care and has other potential benefits in providing high-quality antenatal care for sub-groups that tend to receive less or poor quality care. Further research on how to address stereotypes and implicit bias in maternity care in the Swedish context is needed.

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  • 18.
    Akeza, Audrey
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Hamidi, Romina
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Hur sjuksköterskor identifierar smärta hos patienter med demenssjukdom på särskilt boende - En litteraturöversikt2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pain is a major problem in nursing homes. Dementia is a disease that causes humans lose their ability to communicate their pain to their surroundings. People with dementia express their pain through behavioral changes because they can’t verbalize their pain experiences. As a consequence of this leads to that dementia patients are not receiving adequate pain management.

    Aim: The aim of this study is to explore how nurses identify pain in dementia patients in nursing homes.

    Method: The study was conducted as a literature survey. In total, 15 articles were used in this study that consists of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Articles have been sought in the databases Cinhal and PubMed.

    Results: The results of this study shows that according to nurses is pain identification among dementia patients an extreme challenge and requires more knowledge. Patients with mild to moderate dementia can self-report their pain to a certain extent. The most useful clues to discovering pain among dementia patients who are limited in their speaking skills is to observe facial expressions, body language and behavior changes.

    Conclusion: The authors conclude that it is important to create and develop a relationship between caregivers and demented patients. This is to get to know the patient and knowing his usual habits and behavior changes as to facilitate the identification of pain

  • 19.
    Akhter, Halima
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Akter, Dalia
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Mapping of midwifery education sites in Dhaka division, and presentation of acceptable and feasible requirements for a national accreditation toolkit: A questionnaire study among midwifery faculty2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Extensive demands are placed on midwives in their professional role. The midwifery education is obligated to answer to these professional requirements. ountry specific, feasible and acceptable accreditation toolkit for institution/collages/universities is, therefore, relevant to develop.

    Objective:

    The objective was to map the existing situation of the midwifery education sites in Dhaka division and to explore acceptable and feasible requirements to be included in an accreditation toolkit for Bangladesh.

    Methods:

    A questionnaire study with open and closed response alternatives was used.

    Results

    : Six nursing diploma institute and one nursing college were included in the mapping. The theory in relation to practice (theory/practice) in the education was 40%/60% for 5 institution/colleges and 50%/50% for one institute. Both qualitative open questions and closed questions based on ICM Global standards revealed that the acceptable and feasible requirements for a nationwide accreditation tool for midwifery educations needs clearly written admission and student policies, supportive staffs and formally prepared and globally oriented competent unbiased teachers who maintain their standard by participating in professional development activities.

    Conclusion:

    Implementing globally standard accreditation tool for educating and training competent midwives is not a far-fetched idea in the context of Bangladesh. The clinical applicability of this essay lies in the fact that competent midwives can profoundly provide suggestions for improvements of midwifery educations with support of an accreditation tool.

  • 20.
    Akhter, Shirina
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Begum, Momtaz
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions in relation to family planning among future midwives in Bangladesh: A quantitative study among midwifery students2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. It is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility. It secures the well-being and autonomy of women while supporting the health and development of the communities. A midwife can support people having family planning facilities and thus reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity and unnecessary interventions, and improve psychosocial and public health.

    Objective:

    The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards family planning among future midwives in Bangladesh.

    Methods:

    A cross-sectional study was conducted among final year midwifery students (n=141) of 16 public midwifery nursing institutes and colleges of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used and data analyzed by descriptive statistics in Excel.

    Results:

    Almost all respondents agreed on the statement that women should be treated with respect when seeking family planning services. One third disagreed or strongly disagreed that unmarried women should abstain rather than use family planning. Almost half of the respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed that women should be free to choose if and when they want to become a pregnant. Majority of the respondents had inadequate knowledge about effectiveness regarding different FP methods and misconceptions regarding hormonal family planning methods.

    Conclusion:

    This study showed that diverse attitudes related to family planning and women’s right to access family planning services exist among future midwives. The study also found misconceptions regarding side effects of family planning methods and inadequate knowledge regarding effectiveness and appropriateness of different family planning methods.

    Clinical implications:

    To increase knowledge, midwifery curriculum should have a special emphasis on the effectiveness of different contraceptive methods and effects of hormonal contraceptives, and particularly the link to clinical practice. Value clarification training can be a way to address attitudes in relation to family planning. Further qualitative research should be conducted to gain a deeper understanding of midwifery students’ attitudes and perceptions.

  • 21.
    Aktar, Renoara
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Yesmin, Syeada
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Mapping of five midwifery education sites in Dhaka and Mymensingh divisions And Acceptable and feasible requirements perceived by the nursing instructors for development of an accreditation toolkit: A questionnaire study2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    High demands are placed on midwives in their professional role. The midwifery education is obligated to answer to these professional requirements. Country specific, feasible and acceptable requirement accreditation toolkit for institution/collages/universities to achieve is therefore relevant to develop. This study is part of a survey mapping 25 midwifery education sites in seven divisions in Bangladesh. This is to provide a baseline assessment for possible requirement for the ongoing development of an accreditation toolkit for institutes and collages providing midwifery education.

    Objective:

    The objective was twofold. First, to map five midwifery education sites in Dhaka and Mymensingh divisions as a baseline in the process of developing an accreditation toolkit in Bangladesh. Secondly, to explore nursing instructors’ suggestions of acceptable and feasible requirements for an accreditation toolkit for midwifery education in Bangladesh.

    Methods:

    The design was a questionnaire study. The total number of participants was 36. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with both open and closed response options, which were analyzed through essentially non-parametric statistics and systematic text condensation.

    Results

    : The mapping showed that the students enrolled at the midwifery programs were young, being lectured by comparably few faculty members compared to the number of students, a faculty with an extensive experience of nursing but with less experience in midwifery. Suggestions for the development of an accreditation toolkit were that the assessor should be Bangladeshi, and that posts for clinical teachers and mentors should be one assessment criteria. Further findings showed that 40 normal births were less important to achieve in core competences for midwifery students than other requirements related to midwifery skills.

    Conclusion:

    An accreditation tool can" close the gap" between the curricula in text and implementation of the same. Mapping of existing education sites amongst partners provides a potential for development of a Bangladeshi national and a global midwifery education accreditation toolkit. The clinical applicability of this essay lies in a development of an accreditation tool that can support institutes to achieve the goal that a Midwifery Diploma curriculum is being implemented that support student’s learning, and the goal that the students will become "Midwives" according to global standards and ICM definition.

  • 22.
    Akum, Bertha
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Rusu, Violeta
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patientens berättelse i mötet med sjuksköterskan ipsykiatrisk vård En litteraturstudie2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: är att beskriva vad det är som påverkar patientens berättelse i mötet medsjuksköterskan. Metod: Designen har en kvalitativ ansats. De valde studiernakvalitetsgranskades och analyserades enligt Friberg. Databaser som användes för sökning avlitteratur var: PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Wiley Online Library och Web of Science.Artiklarna skulle vara kvalitativa, skrivna på engelska eller svenska och vara tillgängliga ifulltext. I studien har även rapporter och systematiska översikter inkluderas. Åtta kvalitativaartiklar användes. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades: patientens upplevelser i relation medsjuksköterskan, patientens berättelse och narrativa ramverk för att förstå upplevelsen av sinsjukdom, patientens uppfattning om terapeutiska relationer samt kommunikation mellanpatient och sjuksköterska. Slutsats: Att patienten inte berättar sin berättelse i mötet medsjuksköterska beror på patientens upplevelser och uppfattningar. Dessutom beror det på vilkakommunikationsfärdigheter sjuksköterskan förmedlar i mötet med patienten. Den miljön debefinner sig, till exempel sjukhus, har inverkan på patientens berättelse i mötet medsjuksköterskan. Lika viktigt är interaktionsprocessen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten,när de ses som individer, inte som sjuksköterska och patient. Genom att förstå en personsunika upplevelse kan sjuksköterskor uppfatta och med en vårdande relation hjälpa till medkomplexiteten och rikedomen i en persons individuella väg mot återhämtning.

  • 23.
    Alanko, Eira
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Delivery care in Quang Ninh province, Northern Vietnam: resources and access to safe care.2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Every mother and child has the right to survive childbirth which requires skilled birth attendants together with referral and available emergency obstetric care (EmOC). The objective of the study was to describe delivery care routines at different levels in the health care system in Quang Ninh province, Northern Vietnam. The design was cross sectional using a structured questionnaire. Two districts in Quang Ninh province with 40 Community Health Centres (CHC), three district hospitals and one region hospital was included in the study, in total 138 (CHC n=105 and hospitals n=33) health care providers participated. In our study 20% (CHC) of the health care providers assisting deliveries at CHC were midwives and health care provider’s in our study further report to have assisted at less then 10 deliveries/year (81% of respondents at CHC). Findings show that the health care provider’s routines and care for women during labour and delivery vary and that there is a need for re-training and that women in labour should be cared for by health care providers with adequate training like midwifery. In our study CHC had poor resources to provide basic or comprehensive EmOC. Our findings indicate that there is a need for re-training in delivery care among health care providers and since the number of deliveries at CHC is few they should be handled by someone who is a skilled birth attendant. Our findings also show a variation in care routines during labour and delivery among health care providers at CHC and hospital levels and this also show the need for re-training and support from proper authorities in order to improve maternal and newborn health.

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  • 24.
    Alfredsson, Eva
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Reuterwall, Ulrika
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Beröringens betydelse i vården: en systematisk litteraturstudie2006Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Den fysiska beröringen är en förutsättning för att vård överhuvudtaget skall kunna utföras. Varje dag sker inom hälso- och sjukvården ett oräkneligt antal beröringar i skiftande situationer. Beröringen finns där som en självklar del i den dagliga vården men kan också användas i olika fysiska behandlingsmetoder. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilken betydelse beröring hade i omvårdnaden för patienten. Vetenskapliga artiklar och litteratur i ämnet användes och var publicerade efter 1995. Fysisk beröring i omvårdnaden visade sig ha flera olika betydelser som gick att dela in i begreppen: symtomlindring och återhämtning, komfort, kommunikation, obehag samt samspel. Den fysiska beröringen gav både fysiska och psykiska förbättrade tillstånd. En del patienter minskade sin läkemedelsanvändning efter behandlingar med olika fysiska beröringsformer. Detta kunde vara en väg till ökad livskvalitet för människor, framförallt när det handlade om smärta, oro, och depression. Positiva känslor som trygghet, välbefinnande och komfort upplevdes av en del patienter i beröringsögonblicket och ibland som en följd av själva beröringen. Beröring visade sig vara ett sätt att kommunicera med patienter, framförallt var det viktigt när det verbala språket sviktade eller saknades. Även om många positiva betydelser för patienterna framkom i studierna fanns det också negativa upplevelser. Beröring av stressad och hårdhänt personal, smärta och att inte känna sig delaktig i skeendet var exempel på obehagliga upplevelser. I flera studier framkom att samspelet mellan patienter och vårdare kunde förbättras med stöd av den fysiska beröringen.

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  • 25.
    Ali Mohamed, Sahra
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Yusuf, Sahra
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga trycksår hosäldre: En Litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pressure ulcers are a common problem globally and often affect elderly, multi-sick patients. In 2020, 11.3% of patients in Swedish inpatient care were affected by pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are considered a healthcare injury and cause great suffering to patients and involve high costs. One of the nurse's most important areas of responsibility is to prevent care injuries and thereby reduce the patient's suffering.The purpose of the literature study is to describe evidence-based nursing measures to prevent pressure ulcers in the elderly in different care contextsMethod: The study was conducted as a literature review. The results were based on 17 scientific articles published in 2010–2020 on the CINAHL and PubMed databases. The sample consisted of 16 quantitative studies and one qualitative one, which was conducted in different contexts where the elderly are cared for, and without geographical restrictions.Results: Five categories were identified based on the selected articles. The nursing measures that emerged were: Risk assessment, significance of changes in position, pressure-relieving aids and pressure ulcer prevention skin care and the importance of nutrition. The risk assessment performed by the nurse includes the use of reliable assessment scales, the nurse's skin inspection and tools that detect the skin's moisture level (subepidermal moisture meter). Regular changes in position were shown to counteract the onset of pressure ulcers in the elderly. Skin care is considered to be one of the most important preventive measures. Pressure-distributing surfaces such as mattresses, medical sheepskin and foam dressings have a protective effect against pressure ulcers. The patient's nutritional status should also be assessed for preventive purposes, as malnutrition is a risk factor for pressure ulcers.Conclusion: The results presented five categories; structured risk assessment, the significance of changes in position, prevention of pressure ulcers through skin care, pressure-relieving aids and the importance of nutrition. These measures have a positive impact on the patient, care operations and society. Results show how the nurse, through the application of evidence-based measures, can contribute to reduced suffering and good care.

  • 26.
    Allbris, Dimitri
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Omvårdnadsbehov hos anhörigvårdare till demenssjuka patienter2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna uppsats var att klargöra vilka omvårdnadsbehov anhörigvårdare till demenssjuka patienter hade. Vidare avsågs att evidensgradera dessa omvårdnadsbehov hos anhörigvårdare för dementa. Denna undersökning genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie och omfattade en sammanställning av 16 kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Samtliga artiklar granskades efter två granskningsmönster modifierade efter förlagor av Forsberg och Wangström (2003) och Willman, Stoltz och Bahtsevani (2006), en modell för kvalitativa och en för kvantitativa artiklar, om 28 bedömningskriterier vardera. Av 16 artiklar låg 4 till underlag för evidensbedömning av fynd vilande på starkt vetenskapligt underlag, 7 utgjorde stöd för måttligt vetenskapligt underlag och 5 befanns ha otillräcklig vetenskaplig grund för att bidra till bevisvärde för resultatet i denna studie. För att evidensbestämma resultaten användes graderingskriterier enligt Bahtsevani (2008). Huvudresultatet manifesterade anhörigvårdares omvårdnadsbehov inom 3 områden: avlastning för anhörigvårdare, stöd från sjukvårdspersonalens sida samt information om demens. Resultatet hjälper anhörigvårdare att förstå sin situation och sina behov, vilket ökar deras livskvalitet. Resultatet diskuterades utgående från Orems omvårdnadsteoretiska referensram.

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  • 27.
    Alm, Eva
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Westlund, Gunn
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Besvär hos patienter efter en rectalcanceroperation: En litteraturstudie2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
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  • 28.
    Alm, Hanna
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Lindström, Heidi
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Hur sjuksköterskor kommunicerar och bemöter patienter med demenssjukdom: en litteraturstudie2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor bemöter och kommunicerar med patienter med demenssjukdom. Författarna använde sig utav sökmotorn Elin och databasen Cinahl. Använda sökord var: Dementia, Treatment, Care, Nurse*, Nursing, Communication i olika kombinationer. Till resultatet användes 17 vetenskapliga artiklar som var publicerade mellan år 2000 och 2010 och var engelskspråkiga. Litteraturstudien bestod av elva kvalitativa och sex kvantitativa artiklar. Artiklarnas kvalitet värderades med hjälp av granskningsmallar. Resultatet visade att dåligt bemötande och kommunikation förekom från sjuksköterskor till patienter med demenssjukdom. Sjuksköterskor tilltalade patienter med demenssjukdom på ett infantilt språk och andra ignorerade dem. Metoder och råd kring hur sjuksköterskor kan bemöta och kommunicera med patienter med demenssjukdom fanns. Bland annat framkom att när sjuksköterskor använde sig utav personcentrerad vård ökade både positiv verbal och icke-verbal kommunikation hos patienterna med demenssjukdom. Kommunikationen ökade även när sjuksköterskorna använde sig utav metoden Snozelen, lika så genom att använda sig utav en 12- sidig minnesbok som stöd vid samtal. Stöd och hjälp från sjuksköterskan, främjar kommunikationen för patienter med demenssjukdom.

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  • 29.
    Almaghrabi, Jomana
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjöblad Mogren, Anna-Karin
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av och attityd till att bemöta suicidnära patienter- en litteraturöversikt.2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Suicide is a common condition that the nurse encounters in all forms of health care. The nurse's approach should be based on respect, responsiveness and empathy for the individual.  Aim: to describe the registered nurses experience from and attitude to meet and care for suicidal patients   Method: A literature review based on the result of 15 qualitative and quantitative studies from 11 different countries. The articles are collected from databases in the area within-subject guide nursing like Cinahl, Pubmed and Psycinfo.  Result: Five themes were identified from the analysis of the articles. They describe the variety of emotions the nurse experience, the attitudes the nurse have, the competence they are missing in the care for the suicidal patient and the problematic within how the care and the work is organized.    Conclusion: Nurses experienced a need to increase their expertise in suicidal patients. The way care is organized affects how suicidal individuals receive help and support. Knowledge is important in reducing the fears and judgmental attitudes of nurses.

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  • 30.
    Alsaloum, Sara
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Karim, Sandy
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Transkulturell omvårdnad: Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter medolika kulturella bakgrunder2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:The aim of this study was to describe how nurses perceive the care of patients withdifferent cultural backgrounds.

    Method:The study conducted as a literature review of 15 scientific articles with qualitative and quantitative approaches.

    Results:The results were presented in threecategories; the categories are communication challenges, challenges in professionalismand the challenge of meeting with relatives.

    Conclusion:It is challenging in many ways to care for patients with different cultural backgrounds. Nurses' lack of knowledge about different cultures and communication barriers in the care relationship can affect health negatively

  • 31.
    Alström, Sundari
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Pettersson, Oline
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Att leva med en påse på magen: -  En litteraturöversikt om att beskriva män och kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med stomi2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An ostomy, also called stoma is an opening created in the abdomen to eliminate defecation when the gastrointestinal tract does not function properly. Obtaining a stoma means major changes in one´s life situation and thus affecting the quality of life. Through increased knowledge and understanding people's experiences, the nurse can help with good care and promote health.   Aim: To describe men and women's experiences of living with an ostomy  Method: The study has been conducted as a literature review were 15 scientific articles have been used in the results  Results: Four main themes emerged in this literature review. These were significance for men and women's experience of living with an ostomy; Altered body image, Relationships, Sex and intimacy and acceptance.  Conclusion: The literature review results showed that all men and women are unique and that a life with a stoma meant major adjustments physically, mentally and socially. Family and close relatives had a significant role in terms of emotional support that helped people to accept their stoma and adapt to the changed life situation. Support from the nurse became crucial for providing information, advice and understanding patients experience. The individual's own attitude towards the stoma and sufficient support could contribute to a better quality of life.

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  • 32.
    Alvbåge, Daniel
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Könsskillnader i vårdmötet: En litteraturöversikt2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Title. Gender disparities in healthcare encounters: A literature review.

    Aim. This essay investigates what impact the sex of patients and nurses has in

    healthcare encounters.

    Background. That sex and gender norms have an impact on encounters,

    communication and clinical decision making is known from previous research. But

    no research has been made that gives an overview of how this affects healthcare

    encounters. Investigating this is important to bring awareness of what impact this

    has on the patient.

    Method. This essay was conducted as a literature review.

    Findings. Five qualitative studies and five quantitative studies that investigated

    different aspects of healthcare encounters from a gender perspective were chosen

    and analyzed. The analysis resulted in five main themes that each reflect different

    aspects of healthcare encounters. Among other things, factors that may limit

    female patients’ autonomy were identified and that the nurses’ gender may be a

    deciding factor in whether the patients are given opportunity to talk about their

    feelings.

    Conclusion. The result suggests that patients’ and nurses’ gender has an impact in

    healthcare encounters. In some areas the difference was more pronounced than in

    others, for example when it comes to talking about emotions, moral support in

    dialogues and opportunity for patients to be listened to.

  • 33.
    Alvwinge, Tonie
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjogedal, Madlene
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Betydelsen av personcentrerad vård för psykiatrisjuksköterskor i mötet med suicidnära ungdomar2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Ett suicidförsök beror ofta på snabba och intensiva krafter eller påfrestningar som

    en sårbar individ inte kan hantera på egen hand. Suicidförsök beräknas vara cirka tio gånger

    vanligare än antalet fullbordade suicid, men det finns ett stort mörkertal eftersom statistiken

    baseras på individer som fått vård inom heldygnsvård. Tillgänglig statistik visar att antalet

    suicidförsök har ökat bland alla åldergrupper, men största ökningen går att se hos

    åldersgruppen 15-24 år.

    Syfte: Syftet är att få en uppfattning om hur psykiatrisjuksköterskan beskriver hur det är att

    bemöta suicidnära ungdomar utifrån personcentrerad vård inom heldygnsvård.

    Metod: En studie med en kvalitativ design med semistrukturerade intervjuer som

    datainsamlingsmetod. Psykiatrisjuksköterskor med erfarenhet av arbete på barn och

    ungdomspsykiatrin inom heldygnsvård deltog i studien.

    Resultat: Psykiatrisjuksköterskan beskriver att personcentrerad vård var en förutsättning för

    alliansskapande med den suicidnära ungdomen och alliansskapandet sågs som det mest

    centrala i omvårdnaden. Studien pekade på att alliansen med den suicidnära ungdomen var en

    viktig förutsättning för att få en fungerande öppen kommunikation. Studien visade dessutom

    att den personcentrerade omvårdnaden var en viktig aspekt för skapande av delaktighet och

    respektfullt bemötande utifrån att psykiatrisjuksköterskan tar den suicidnära ungdomen på

    allvar och vågar ställa öppna och direkta frågor. Vidare sågs psykiatrisjuksköterskans

    specialistutbildning och kliniska erfarenhet ha stor betydelse rörande kunskap om psykiatriska

    tillstånd, riskfaktorer, läkemedel och bedömningsinstrument.

    Slutsats: Resultatet visar på viktiga omvårdnadsaspekter utifrån personcentrerad vård som

    kan bidra till att psykiatrisjuksköterskan tillsammans med den suicidnära ungdomen kan

    analysera, kliniskt hantera och förebygga suicidrisker och suicidförsök inom heldygnsvård.

  • 34.
    Amanda, Cleeve
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Susan, Atuhairwe
    Makerere Universititet.
    Josaphat, Byamugisha
    Makerere Universitetet.
    Elisabeth, Faxelid
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Klingberg-Allvin, Marie
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Acceptability and feasability of treating women with misoprostol for incomplete abortion in Uganda2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Amanda, Olsson
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Nilsson, Isabel
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjuksköterskans riskbedömning och omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga malnutrition på äldreboenden En litteraturöversikt2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa hur sjuksköterskan bedömer malnutrition samt vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som används för att förebygga malnutrition på äldreboenden.

    Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där artiklar söktes via databaserna CINAHL with Fulltext och PubMed. Sökningarna resulterade i 13 artiklar som analyserades för att hitta skillnader och likheter och resulterade i kategorier och underkategorier som svarade mot litteraturöversiktens syfte och frågeställningar.

    Resultat: Resultatet visade att det vanligaste mätinstrumentet för att bedöma malnutrition på äldreboenden var MNA. Där mätinstrument inte användes, användes ofta BMI i stället av sjuksköterskor för att få en bild av den äldres nutritionsstatus. Omvårdnadsåtgärder som visat ge god effekt var utbildning   av vårdpersonalen,  individuella matplaner och energi- och proteintillskott i mat och dryck.

    Slutsats: Mer kunskap till sjuksköterskor om vikten att utföra nutritionsbedömning för alla äldre vid inskrivning och kontinuerligt och även hur de bör använda mätverktygen. Behov av individanpassade omvårdnadsåtgärder med energi- och proteinberikad mat, energi-proteintillskott, en god munhälsa och måttlig fysisk aktivitet har god effekt.

  • 36.
    Andersen, Anna
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Åslund, Elin
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Hur sjuksköterskan och vården påverkas av hög arbetsbelastning2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa hur den höga arbetsbelastning som förekommer inom dagens sjukvård påverkar sjuksköterskan och vården av patienten. Artikelsökning genomfördes i databasen Science Direct. Sammanlagt inkluderades 10 artiklar i studien, fem kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa. Resultatet visade att en hög arbetsbelastning påverkade sjuksköterskan på flera områden. Till exempel så fick hon inte den tid hon behövde med patienten för att göra ett tillfredsställande arbete. Den höga arbetsbelastningen påverkade sjuksköterskan då hon inte alltid hann med att ge den önskade vården. Det fanns även faktorer i arbetsmiljön som underlättade hennes arbete som ett väl fungerande samarbete med kollegorna. Sjuksköterskor var också beroende av ett bra kollegialt stöd och behövde få tid för att ta söka ny kunskap. Sjuksköterskans arbetsbelastning bör vara så att hon kan hantera och ha kontroll över sitt arbete. Kommunikationen mellan den anställde och ledningen var viktig, för att sjuksköterskan skulle kunna ge en vård av hög kvalitet.

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  • 37.
    Andersson, Anita
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Koski, Lotta
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Palliativ omvårdnad: Ur ett patient-, närstående- och sjuksköterskeperspektiv2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att belysa patientens, närståendes samt sjuksköterskans upplevelser av palliativ vård, för att förbättra kvaliteten på omvårdnaden. Litteraturen söktes genom Högskolan Dalarnas databaser samt från tillgängliga e-tidskrifter. Till resultatdelen valdes 19 vetenskapliga artiklar i huvudsak från Europa, men även USA, skrivna på engelska. För att bedöma artiklarnas trovärdighet granskades dessa med hjälp av två granskningsmallar. I resultatet framgick att patienter upplevde det viktigt att behålla kontrollen över sitt liv trots sjukdomen. Genom sitt förhållningssätt kunde sjuksköterskan hjälpa patienten att bibehålla kontrollen och därmed bevara patientens livskvalitet. Närståendes känslomässiga reaktioner är många då en person i deras närhet drabbats av en livshotande sjukdom. De upplevde en sorg som börjar dagen efter diagnosen och fortsätter till långt efter patientens död. Även strukturen i närståendes dagliga liv förändrades, vilket ofta ledde till ensamhet. Sjuksköterskan hade en viktig uppgift att bygga upp en fungerande relation till patienten samt till närstående. Resultatet uppmärksammade även att ett bra samarbete i det palliativa teamet var betydelsefullt för patientens omvårdnad.

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  • 38.
    Andersson, Britt-Marie
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Liljegren, Marika
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Diabetessjuksköterskans undervisning i egenvård hospatienter med diabetes typ 22015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Diabetes is a major worldwide public health problem and the number of affected people will increase substantially in the next 10-15 years. Early efforts should be made as instructions inself-care and lifestyle changes to prevent the development of complications. Purpose: The purpose is to describe diabetic nurse's training of self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: The study was conducted as an empirical study with a qualitative approach in which ten diabetic nurses were interviewed. The interview guide included semi-structured questions and the data were processed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Diabetes Nurse's Role in the teaching of patient self-care is to be supportive and provide the patient a sense of confident as many patients are unmotivated to change their lifestyle. The first theme that emerged were diabetic nurse's role to sensitize the patient's self-care responsibilities and it consisted of four categories that she/he will serve as an advisor. However, due to lack of personal, insufficient contact time with the patients can lead to deficiencies in quality of the medical care. Diabetes nurse can use National Diabetes Register for competence development or as guidelines in teaching. Second theme that emerged was the need for education in diabetic patients and consisted of four categories in which the diabetes nurses adapt the teaching to the level of individual skills of the patient inorder to make the patient aware of healthier lifestyles. The patient requires motivation for lifestyle changes as well as to participate in group work sessions on the subject. Conclusion: Diabetes Nurse was trying to teach self-care, adapted to the patient's level of expertise. However, increased resources, i.e. increased number of nurses, and is required to conduct education in diabetes care in accordance with the guidelines. The diabetes nurses require more time to keep up with the latest research performed in the subject diabetes.

  • 39.
    Andersson, Camilla
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Tranlund, Cecilia
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    En översikt av vilka faktorer som har samband med patientens upplevelse av kontinuitet i vården: En litteraturstudie2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Research shows that patients wants continuity, as they feel it adds to the feeling of security

    and closeness That it gives the nurse the opportunity to get to know the person and an

    opportunity to better follow up actions.

    Aim

    The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence patient perception of

    continuity of care.

    Method

    This study was conducted as a literature review.

    Result

    The results showed that it was important for the continuity that they got to meet a nurse they

    knew from before, and it was the same nurse at every appointment. It was also important that

    who they met, was up to date on their medical history. An important factor that increased

    continuity was if the patient has a chronic disease, which increases the need to require regular

    follow-up with more visits to health care. Patients experienced greater flexibility of care

    performed by a nurse instead of a doctor, the nurses took more time with the patient and that

    it was more effective.

    Conclusion

    The study shows that continuity is important when patients recieve care, but there is no

    research about how care should be organized, for continuity to be perceived better from a

    patient perspective, balanced against the needs of the organization to save time and money.

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  • 40.
    Andersson, Charlotte
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Axelsson, Frida
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Att tillämpa personcentrerad vård hos personer med demenssjukdom i ordinärt boende: En kvalitativ intervjustudie om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The development is that more and more people are suffering from dementia, which will mean that the number of people receiving nursing in ordinary housing will increase. The care provided must be person-centered and facilitate everyday life and contribute to an increased quality of life for the person. Aim: To investigate the obstacles and opportunities that affect the nurse's work of applying person-centered care for persons with dementia in ordinary housing. Method: A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews. Nurses working in home care and visiting people with dementia have been interviewed. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Outcome: The study shows that what enables person-centered care for the nurse is to meet the person in his familiar environment, to see relatives as a resource in the care and to work as a team with other professions. What prevents the nurse from applying person-centered care is to be limited by the organization, to lack the competence of the team and not to reach the person. Conclusion: To be able to implement person-centered care the nurse need to have the organizational conditions for enabling this work, in the form of enough time for home visits, the opportunity for teamwork with home care services and dementia teams, as well as the opportunity to support and supervise the carestaff and relatives.

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  • 41.
    Andersson Eklund, Lena
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Karlsson, Louise
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Anhörigas erfarenheter av psykisk ohälsa och den psykiatriska vården: En litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Mental illness can manifest itself in various ways and being a relative to a person with mental illness can be challenging. Relatives may need support from caregivers and be able to participate in the care. While caregivers believe that relatives can be a resource and that they also need support there are barriers to involving relatives in the care which can lead to relatives not receiving the support they need.Aim: To illuminate the experience of relatives to persons with mental illness and the relatives contact with mental health care.Method: The design is a literature review. Cinahl and PsycINFO were the databases that was used. The result is based on fifteen articles with quantitative approach which illuminated the experience of relatives to person with mental illness.Result: Two major themes emerged; “The life as a relative” describes the life as a relative with a stressful and unpredictable everyday life, ethical dilemmas and feelings of guilt, stigma, social isolation and the relatives experience to cope with their situation. “To be a relative in the mental health care” illuminates the experience of seeking and getting care, the attitudes of caregivers, the importance of the relatives’ involvement and what kind of support the relatives need.Conclusion: Relatives experiences everyday life as challenging and unpredictable. Relatives wished to get support and to be involved in the care of their close one. They didn't experience involvement in care which made their own health deteriorate. Nurses should adapt to a family-focused approach to support relatives which also would result in a better health for the patient.

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  • 42.
    Andersson, Emilie
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Vestman, Sandra
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Patientens upplevelse av att leva med KOL med fokus på palliativ vård: en litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have several severe symptoms. Shortness of breath is a significant symptom that affects people´s lives considerably and impairs their quality of life. Previous research shows that people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease do not receive palliative care to the same extent as other. It is important knowledge for the nurse to understand the patients´ experiences of living with the disease to treat these people in the best possible way.  Aim: The aim was to describe the symptoms and challenges, through patient´s perspective, with emphasis on palliative care in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: A literature review based on 15 scientific articles. Results: The main themes from the data analysis were physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, management of daily life, information and communication and existential support. The most consistently significant symptom in the articles was the physical symptom shortness of breath. Several articles stated that participants wanted more information about their illness, prognosis and care at the end of their lives. Most people were positive about initiating conversations about palliative care at an early stage of the disease. Conclusion: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the person with many troublesome symptoms, regardless of what phase you are in the disease progression. This literature review shows that palliative care is welcomed by people with COPD at an early stage in the disease, because they can more readily accept their situation.

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  • 43.
    Andersson, Emma
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    John, Isabelle
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Faktorer som kan öka risken för komplikationer relaterat till perifer venkateter – en litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    : Peripheral venous catheter (PVK) is a plastic catheter placed in a vein to allow drug or fluid infusion. To handle a PVK, there are guidelines on how this should be done in a patient-safe manner. This may be done by authorized personnel. With a PVK there are risks of complications and it is important that these are avoided to avoid unnecessary complications related to PVK. Aim: The purpose is to identify possible factors that can increase the risk of thrombophlebitis and other complications related to peripheral venous catheters. Method: Literature review Results: The literature review show that there are many factors that increase the risk of complications related to PVK. The factors that affect the risk of complications are the following, nurse´s level of knowledge and experience managing PVK, location and size of PVK associated with complications, switching frequency of PVK, emergency insert PVK and planned insert PVK, administrations of drugs and other components of PVK, technical aids and patient conditions. Conclusion: The conclusion of the literature review is that each nurse must take his or her own responsibility to follow current guidelines in order to work in a patient-safe manner in order to minimize the risk of complications. Some factors may affect individual nurses and others not. Complications lead to suffering for the patient. Unnecessary VRI leads to unnecessary suffering for the patient and high costs for society.

  • 44.
    Andersson, Ewa
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Tillmatning av nyfödda barn på BB i Sverige: följs föreskrifter och rekommendationer2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years))Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet var att beskriva omvårdnaden kring nyfödda barns tillmatning på svenska BB-avdelningar, om föreskrifter följdes och om hänsyn togs till eventuell allergihereditet. Metod: Deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats Resultat: Av alla nyfödda barn vid 26 barnkliniker i Sverige vecka 26 år 2009 (n=849) tillmatades 18 % . Moderns bröstmjölk gavs till 16% medan 78 % tillmatades med komjölksbaserad modersmjölksersättning. Den vanligaste orsaken till tillmatning av ersättning var att mammans egen mjölkproduktion inte hade kommit igång (24 %). Andra vanligt förekommande anledningar till tillmatning var lågt blodsocker (18 %) samt sugproblem hos barnen (16 %). Sexton barn tillmatades trots ett blodsockervärde motsvarande >2.2mmol/l. Vad gäller allergiförekomst tillfrågades endast 37 % av barnens föräldrar före tillmatning. Dokumentation om tillmatning fanns noterat i 80 % av barnens journaler. Motsvarande siffra för mammornas journaler var 34 %. Konklusion: Bristfälliga omvårdnadsåtgärder vidtas i samband med tillmatning av nyfödda spädbarn på BB-avdelningar, där allergifrågor ställs i för låg utsträckning. BB-kliniker har varierande referensvärde för vad som räknas som lågt blodsocker. Omvårdnadsbehov för nyfödda barn och deras föräldrar, där förmedlad kunskap om amningens betydelse, tas inte på allvar och oklara riktlinjer skapar förvirring. Föreskrifter och riktlinjer bör följas i större utsträckning an vad denna studie visar.

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  • 45.
    Andersson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Håll, Josefine
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjuksköterskans uppfattning av anhörignärvaro vid återupplivningsförsök.: En litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is cardiac arrest. Family members can be present during resuscitation. Aim: Describe nurses’ perception about family presence during resuscitation. Method: This is a literature review. Data collection was performed in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. 15 scientific articles form the basis of the result. The analysis process has been done in three stages.  Result: Five main themes were identified: Family presence, decisions regarding family presence, family presence affects the nurses’ work, the importance of family members to be present and family members need of support. Disagreements emerged among the nurses as to whether family members should be allowed to be present during resuscitation or not. Nurses experienced a higher level of stress if family members were present and family members interrupted the work in different ways. There were also benefits for family members if they were present during resuscitation.  Conclusions: There are differences of opinion if it’s beneficial or not to have family present during resuscitation. Family presence affect the nurses in a negative way while it appears to ease family members grieving process and they also have the opportunity to witness that every available treatment is performed. It’s important to have a staff member set aside to inform and answer family members needs if they are present during resuscitation.

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  • 46.
    Andersson, Ingemar
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Norlander, Yvonne
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjuksköterskans evidensbaserade omvårdnadsåtgärder för livskvaliteten hos patienter med hjärtsvikt: En systematisk litteraturstudie2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder och vilken form av undervisning som sjuksköterskor kan använda sig av för att bevara eller förbättra livskvaliteten hos patienter med hjärtsvikt. Arbetet genomfördes som en systematisk litteratur studie och analyserades med hjälp av kvalitetsgranskning av litteraturen. Vid artiklarnas kvalitetsgranskning framkom omvårdnadsåtgärder för patienter med hjärtsvikt, som sedan evidensgraderades. Av resultatet framgick att sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder hos patienter med hjärtsvikt som befanns vila på starkt vetenskapligt underlag var att undervisa patienter med hjärtsvikt, att uppmana till fysisk aktivitet och att främja socialt stöd. Resultatet i föreliggande studie visade att träning gav effekt och att fysisk aktivitet var av betydelse när det gällde att bibehålla och förbättra den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten. Socialt stöd befanns vara en grundläggande faktor för den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten, och bör anpassas efter den enskilde patientens behov och önskemål. Slutsatsen var att en av sjuksköterskans mest betydelsefulla omvårdnadsåtgärder var att stödja och undervisa patienter med hjärtsvikt och att hjälpa henne sätta upp individanpassade mål. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Callista Roys omvårdnads teoretiska modell: Roy Adaptation Model (RAM).

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  • 47.
    Andersson, Isabelle
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Damberg Larsson, Malin
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Kampen mot klockan! Hur väntetiderna påverkar barn och unga inom psykiatrin: en litteraturöversikt2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Mental illness increases among young people, while waiting times for treatments are getting longer. Mental illness can affect the well-being of young people and their family. Basic nursing needs can be suffering. The government is investing money, but so far has no changes been seen. Can early intervention affect children’s mental health and provide evidence for the seriousness with the long care queues? Aim: To investigate factors and their effect on children and adolescents and their parents in connection with long waiting times in child and adolescent psychiatry. Method: A literature review based on 15 scientific articles with qualitative and quantitative methods. The searches were performed in the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycINFO. Result: The results shows benefits of early intervention in the treatment outcome of mental illness in children and adolescents such as reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms. These benefits have also been shown to persist for an extended period after completion of treatment. Waiting times has a significant impact on the parents of children with mental illness. Short treatment times with early intervention in mental illness in children and adolescents provides an improved feeling. Conclusion: Mental illness is a challenge for young people. There are shortcomings in treatment for mental illnesses. Mental health of children and adolescents must begin to be taken seriously. Young people is the future of the country and build a foundation for a further functioning society. Psychiatry is an important unit for development and maintenance of young people’s mental health.

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  • 48.
    Andersson, Janina
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Lindström, Johanna
    Dalarna University, School of Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Sjuksköterskans roll i den pre- och postoperativa fasen hos äldre patienter, med fokus på nutritionen: En litteraturöversikt2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva hur litteraturen skildrar sjuksköterskans roll i vården av den äldre patienten i den pre- och postoperativa fasen, med fokus på nutritionens betydelse för rehabiliteringen och risken för komplikationer. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och artiklarna söktes via CINAHL och MEDLINE.  Studiens resultat innehöll ett urval på 14 artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Undervisning och handledning med fokus på nutritionens betydelse för rehabiliteringen och risken för komplikationer var av vikt, även bedömningsinstrument underlättade sjuksköterskans nutritionsbedömning.  I omvårdnaden var energi- och näringstillskott, individuellt anpassade vårdplaner och måltidssituationer viktiga komponenter. Förebyggande åtgärder inom både omvårdnad och medicin hade en korrelation mellan förbättrad nutrition, rehabilitering och minskade risken för komplikationer hos äldre patienter i den pre- och postoperativa vården. Slutsats: Personer över 65 år var en utsatt patientgrupp gällande undernäring och postoperativa komplikationer. Vården bör därför vara anpassad efter den enskilda äldre individens villkor och innehålla information till patienten för att möjliggöra dennes aktiva roll i den egna vården. I det preventiva arbetet behöver sjuksköterskan fortlöpande utbildning och handledning angående hur medicinska och fysiologiska faktorer tillsammans påverkar den äldre individen samt hur sjuksköterskan i ett tidigt skede kan påvisa undernäring hos äldre. 

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  • 49.
    Andersson, Jennie
    et al.
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Henriksson, Malin
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Att stå bredvid - Anhörigas upplevelser av vården vid akut sjukdom: Litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An emotional suffering has been observed in family and relatives when a loved one is affected from acute illness. Family constellations may look different, common is that all relatives around the person who is ill are affected in these situations. Relatives have rights described in the legal text. According to the competence description and laws, the nurse shall cooperate with the patient and relatives in the design of the care.  Aim: To describe relative’s experiences of care in acute illness.  Methodology: The design is a literature review. Chosen databases was Cinahl and PubMed. The result is based on thirteen articles, qualitative and quantitative approach.  Results: Five categories were identified based on the relatives' experiences, these are: "the need of proximity", "the impact of care in the emotional carousel", "the communication and the importance of information", "being involved in the care as a relative" and "support given in the care and experiences from it". Conclusion: Proximity is important in promoting health and the emotional stress requires different kinds of support. The interaction is based on information and communication between healthcare professionals and relatives. Individualized information provides confidence in healthcare and can be used as a tool in supporting relatives. Relatives need in different ways to be involved.

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  • 50.
    Andersson, Jessica
    Dalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.
    Cytostatikabehandlade patienters upplevelse av livskvalitet - en litteraturöversikt2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim was to investigate the quality of life experience within patients with chemotherapy-treatment.

    Methods: The study was conducted as a literature review. Twelve articles were included with 7 qualitative approach and 5 with quantitative approach. Article was searched for in the database CINAHL.

    Results: The quality of life experience within patients’ undergoing chemotherapy were compiled from five different categories - Side effects from chemotherapy, the social experience, the physical and cognitive experience, then mental and emotional experience and the need for information and advice. The result shows that the experience of side effects within patients undergoing chemotherapy affected the quality of life negatively. The nurse can help improve the quality of life experience within patients undergoing chemotherapy by adequate information and advice.

    Conclusion: Information about potential side effects of chemotherapy is an important part of caring. The prevention work on anxiety and to advise patients to socializing with family and friends can contribute to improving the experience of quality of life within patients suffer from chemotherapy treatment.

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