In this paper, we design a navigation policy for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) where mobile base stations (BSs) are deployed to improve the data freshness and connectivity to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. First, we formulate an energy-efficient trajectory optimization problem in which the objective is to maximize the energy efficiency by optimizing the UAV-BS trajectory policy. We also incorporate different contextual information such as energy and age of information (AoI) constraints to ensure the data freshness at the ground BS. Second, we propose an agile deep reinforcement learning with experience replay model to solve the formulated problem concerning the contextual constraints for the UAV-BS navigation. Moreover, the proposed approach is well-suited for solving the problem, since the state space of the problem is extremely large and finding the best trajectory policy with useful contextual features is too complex for the UAV-BSs. By applying the proposed trained model, an effective real-time trajectory policy for the UAV-BSs captures the observable network states over time. Finally, the simulation results illustrate the proposed approach is 3.6 % and 3.13 % more energy efficient than those of the greedy and baseline deep Q Network (DQN) approaches. 

The accelerated move towards the adoption of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm has resulted in numerous shortcomings as far as security is concerned. One of the IIoT affecting critical security threats is what is termed as the ” False Data Injection” (FDI) attack. The FDI attacks aim to mislead the industrial platforms by falsifying their sensor measurements. FDI attacks have successfully overcome the classical threat detection approaches. In this study, we present a novel method of FDI attack detection using Autoencoders (AEs). We exploit the sensor data correlation in time and space, which in turn can help identify the falsified data. Moreover, the falsified data are cleaned using the denoising AEs. Performance evaluation proves the success of our technique in detecting FDI attacks. It also significantly outperforms a support vector machine (SVM) based approach used for the same purpose. The denoising AE data cleaning algorithm is also shown to be very effective in recovering clean data from corrupted (attacked) data.

Med OCR teknologier kan innehållet av ett formulär läsas in, positionen av varje ord och dess innehåll kan extraheras, dock kan relationen mellan orden ej förstås. Denna rapport siktar på att lösa problemet med att berika data från ett strukturerat formulär utan någon förinställd konfiguration genom användandet utav klustring. Detta görs med en kvantitativ metod där mätning av en utvecklad prototyp som räknar antal korrekt klustrade textrutor och en kvalitativ utvärdering. Prototypen fungerar genom att mata en bild av ett ofyllt formulär och en annan bild av ett ifyllt formulär och en annan bild av ett ifyllt formulär som innehåller informationen som ska berikas till en OCR-motor. Utdatan från OCR-motorn körs genom ett efterbearbetningssteg som tillsammans med en modifierad euklidisk algoritm och en oskarp strängsökningsalgoritm kan klustra fältnamn och fältvärden i den ifyllda formulärbilden. Resultatet av prototypen för tre olika formulärstrukturer och 15 olika bilder vardera gav en träffsäkerhet från 100% till 92% beroende på formulärstruktur. Denna rapport kunde visa möjligheten att grupper ihop fältnamn och fältvärden i ett formulera, med andra ord utvinna information från formuläret

The objective of this project is a, for client, optimized website built in Wordpress using Beaver Builder and Beaver Themer plugin, together with a basic set of chosen plugins for a modern, secure and cost effective Wordpress site. The projects also includes an evaluation of and analysis about how functionality and design could be prioritized for optimal delivery and client satisfaction. The purpose is to get a satisfied client and to procure enough knowledge to build websites in Beaver Builder with a healthy priority of funcionality and design. A market research have been done with questions about websites within the swedish hospitality industry. The design have been made, with the result in consideration, to be clear, simple and, with the help of pictures, to bring the right sense of purpose.Usability testing on both big screens and small screens have been made with surveys. The result shows that the website is clear, neat and easy to navigate. The website of Vemdalen Catering have been published on the domain vemdalencatering.se. The website is built in Wordpress with chosen plugins. The design is responsive, works well on different screen sizes and is, according to usability testing, also user friendly.Validation has been performed and shows results following the set objectives. Search engine optimization has been performed. Evaluation and analysis from the result of usability testing, market research, SE ranking and Google Analytics shows that a priority for design and experience in many cases can be higher than availability, depending on target group, and that more work is needed to rank higher up in Googles search engines and essentially aquire more visitors on the website.

On-shelf availability is a measure of how available a product is for a shopper in a store. The products should be in the place where the shopper expects it and at the time the shopper wants to buy it. To ensure a high Onshelf availability store clerks must move around the store and look for products that must be replenished and products that are misplaced. However, this task is rather time consuming since there are usually hundreds of different products to keep track of in a store. This thesis therefore, aims to simplify this task for store clerks by creating an automatic system that can identify “out of stocks” and misplaced products. Different state of the art object detection algorithms and image classification methods were evaluated in order to solve this task. The object detection algorithms were used to find products and gaps on store shelves and were trained with a relatively small dataset. The bounding boxes obtained from the object detection algorithm was then forwarded to an image classification algorithm in order to predict the label of the product. The training data of the classification dataset consisted of a small dataset with 29 different detergent products. All the algorithms were evaluated on speed and F1-score while the object detection algorithms were also evaluated on an average precision with an intersection of union as 0.5 and 0.75. The results indicate that it is possible to use deep learning in order to improve on-shelf availability. However, the methods might only perform good on the small datasets used in this thesis. Furthermore, since no real test have been made in a real-life supermarket it is impossible to say for certain if it would indeed improve on-shelf availability.

Flygplats logistik

The old methods used for images inpainting of the Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) process are inefficient in producing high-quality virtual views from captured data. From the viewpoint of the original image, the generated data’s structure seems less distorted in the virtual view obtained by translation but when then the virtual view involves rotation, gaps and missing spaces become visible in the DIBR generated data. The typical approaches for filling the disocclusion tend to be slow, inefficient, and inaccurate. In this project, a modern technique Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is used to fill the disocclusion. GAN consists of two or more neural networks that compete against each other and get trained. This study result shows that GAN can inpaint the disocclusion with a consistency of the structure. Additionally, another method (Filling) is used to enhance the quality of GAN and DIBR images. The statistical evaluation of results shows that GAN and filling method enhance the quality of DIBR images.

The study examines the perception of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children's participation and the accessibility for children, within public archival institutions. The notion of participation is linked to the Convention’s Article 12: respect for the views of the child, whilst accessibility is associated with Article 31: the right to leisure, play and culture. Furthermore, the study explores the preconditions for children’s participation in accordance with Harry Shier's model Pathways to participation. 

The method used are web-based surveys. A total of 318 Swedish public archival institutions were invited to participate in two online questionnaires which generated 187 and 153 responses respectively. The study shows that 78 percent of the respondents know that the Convention on the Rights of the Child is Swedish law and 90 percent are aware of the obligation to impose it. Nevertheless, only 43 percent believe that their own institution takes the Convention into account. The respondents report a lack of resources and competence as the main obstacles. 

About 65 percent of the respondents state that their institution welcome children and young people as visitors. 85 percent believe that it is important that Swedish archive institutions and archives are accessible, but only 27 percent feel that their own institution is in fact accessible to children and young people. Many respondents cite a lack of resources as the main reason.

The part of the survey that is based on Harry Shier's participation model shows that the preconditions for children's participation in the activities of the public archives are low. But it is also clear that the respondents' personal inclinations for children's participation exceeds the preconditions and requirements of the institution. The major obstacles to children's participation thus seem to exist at a structural level.

The 11th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems (SCIS2020) in August 2020 was held on-line due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The conference was organized by the research group Forum for Digitalization at Mid Sweden University.

For long digitalization has been coupled with hopes and expectations on potential societal development with positive connotations. Stories of digitalization were stories of bridging and sometimes even dissolving geographical distances, or stories of enhanced efficiency creating opportunities for other and more liberating activities, or stories of how digitalization could replace lack of manpower in times of demographic challenges. At the same time, digitalization requires continuous access to physical artifacts, limiting our individual freedom as well as societies facing mechanisms of fragmentation, segregation and disruption.

These views set the theme for SCIS2020: Center and periphery, Inclusion and exclusion, and Risks and robustness are all important topics for contemporary and future IS research. We need to discuss how digitalization best could bridge the gap between urban and rural areas and facilitate local development. Furthermore, we need to further investigate the conceptof  ‘Digitalization of all’, How can we ensure a design of IS that truly supports inclusion, with an open discussion on the development processes? Finally, the fast ongoing digitalization also involves several risk issues that need to be addressed, two examples are cloud storage of sensitive information, and how to ensure power supply and robust Internet connections.

A total of 23 papers were submitted to the conference. After a double-blind review process, 8 high quality papers were accepted for presentation at the conference, and published in these proceedings.

SCIS2020 proudly presented two keynote speakers: the vice chancellor of Mid Sweden University Anders Fällström and the Director-General of the Swedish Agency for Digital Government, Anna Eriksson. Due to the pandemic, no workshops were arranged. Still, the SCIS conference was organized in conjunction with the Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS), with its 43rd annual meeting.

Over the years, the pursuit of capturing the precise visual information of a scenehas resulted in various enhancements in digital camera technology, such as highdynamic range, extended depth of field, and high resolution. However, traditionaldigital cameras only capture the spatial information of the scene and cannot pro-vide an immersive presentation of it. Light field (LF) capturing is a new-generationimaging technology that records the spatial and angular information of the scene. Inrecent years, LF imaging has become increasingly popular among the industry andresearch community mainly for two reasons: (1) the advancements made in optical and computational technology have facilitated the process of capturing and processing LF information and (2) LF data have the potential to offer various post-processing applications, such as refocusing at different depth planes, synthetic aperture, 3Dscene reconstruction, and novel view generation. Generally, LF-capturing devicesacquire large amounts of data, which poses a challenge for storage and transmissionresources. Off-the-shelf image and video compression schemes, built on assump-tions drawn from natural images and video, tend to exploit spatial and temporalcorrelations. However, 4D LF data inherit different properties, and hence there is aneed to advance the current compression methods to efficiently address the correla-tion present in LF data.

In this thesis, compression of LF data captured using a plenoptic camera andmulti-camera system (MCS) is considered. Perspective views of a scene capturedfrom different positions are interpreted as a frame of multiple pseudo-video se-quences and given as an input to a multi-view extension of high-efficiency videocoding (MV-HEVC). A 2D prediction and hierarchical coding scheme is proposedin MV-HEVC to improve the compression efficiency of LF data. To further increasethe compression efficiency of views captured using an MCS, an LF reconstructionscheme based on shearlet transform is introduced in LF compression. A sparse set of views is coded using MV-HEVC and later used to predict the remaining views by applying shearlet transform. The prediction error is also coded to further increase the compression efficiency. Publicly available LF datasets are used to benchmark the proposed compression schemes. The anchor scheme specified in the JPEG Plenocommon test conditions is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Objective evaluations show that the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art schemes in the compression of LF data captured using a plenoptic camera and an MCS. Moreover, the introduction of shearlet transform in LF compression further improves the compression efficiency at low bitrates, at which the human vision sys-tem is sensitive to the perceived quality.The work presented in this thesis has been published in four peer-reviewed con-ference proceedings and two scientific journals. The proposed compression solu-tions outlined in this thesis significantly improve the rate-distortion efficiency forLF content, which reduces the transmission and storage resources. The MV-HEVC-based LF coding scheme is made publicly available, which can help researchers totest novel compression tools and it can serve as an anchor scheme for future researchstudies. The shearlet-transform-based LF compression scheme presents a compre-hensive framework for testing LF reconstruction methods in the context of LF com-pression.

The acquisition of the spatial and angular information of a scene using light eld (LF) technologies supplement a wide range of post-processing applications, such as scene reconstruction, refocusing, virtual view synthesis, and so forth. The additional angular information possessed by LF data increases the size of the overall data captured while offering the same spatial resolution. The main contributor to the size of captured data (i.e., angular information) contains a high correlation that is exploited by state-of-the-art video encoders by treating the LF as a pseudo video sequence (PVS). The interpretation of LF as a single PVS restricts the encoding scheme to only utilize a single-dimensional angular correlation present in the LF data. In this paper, we present an LF compression framework that efciently exploits the spatial and angular correlation using a multiview extension of high-efciency video coding (MV-HEVC). The input LF views are converted into multiple PVSs and are organized hierarchically. The rate-allocation scheme takes into account the assigned organization of frames and distributes quality/bits among them accordingly. Subsequently, the reference picture selection scheme prioritizes the reference frames based on the assigned quality. The proposed compression scheme is evaluated by following the common test conditions set by JPEG Pleno. The proposed scheme performs 0.75 dB better compared to state-of-the-art compression schemes and 2.5 dB better compared to the x265-based JPEG Pleno anchor scheme. Moreover, an optimized motionsearch scheme is proposed in the framework that reduces the computational complexity (in terms of the sum of absolute difference [SAD] computations) of motion estimation by up to 87% with a negligible loss in visual quality (approximately 0.05 dB).

Light field (LF) acquisition devices capture spatial and angular information of a scene. In contrast with traditional cameras, the additional angular information enables novel post-processing applications, such as 3D scene reconstruction, the ability to refocus at different depth planes, and synthetic aperture. In this paper, we present a novel compression scheme for LF data captured using multiple traditional cameras. The input LF views were divided into two groups: key views and decimated views. The key views were compressed using the multi-view extension of high-efficiency video coding (MV-HEVC) scheme, and decimated views were predicted using the shearlet-transform-based prediction (STBP) scheme. Additionally, the residual information of predicted views was also encoded and sent along with the coded stream of key views. The proposed scheme was evaluated over a benchmark multi-camera based LF datasets, demonstrating that incorporating the residual information into the compression scheme increased the overall peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) by 2 dB. The proposed compression scheme performed significantly better at low bit rates compared to anchor schemes, which have a better level of compression efficiency in high bit-rate scenarios. The sensitivity of the human vision system towards compression artifacts, specifically at low bit rates, favors the proposed compression scheme over anchor schemes. The proposed compression scheme performed significantly better at low bit rates compared to anchor schemes, which have a better level of compression efficiency in high bit-rate scenarios. The sensitivity of the human vision system towards compression artifacts, specifically at low bit rates, favors the proposed compression scheme over anchor schemes. The proposed compression scheme performed significantly better at low bit rates compared to anchor schemes, which have a better level of compression efficiency in high bit-rate scenarios. The sensitivity of the human vision system towards compression artifacts, specifically at low bit rates, favors the proposed compression scheme over anchor schemes. 

Mittuniversitet har använt sig av programspråket MATLAB för beräkning av matematisk och numerisk analys. På kursen matematisk modellering har det nu planerats att använda Python nästa år eftersom den har ett antal bibliotek som har vad som krävs för att lösa komplexa uppgifter. Syftet med detta projekt är att konvertera laborationer från MATLAB-skript till Python-koder samt rekommendera bibliotek. Laborationerna tas direkt från Matematiska modellering och Ingenjörsvetenskap kurserna i Mittuniversitet. Python blir allt mer populärt eftersom det kan använda samma verktyg som MATLAB för att lösa komplexa matematiska beräkningar för samma uppgift. Jupyter Notebook är det verktyg som man kommer att använda för att koda Python. Det är en öppen källkod som kan användas för att dokumentera texter och skriva Python-kod direkt via en lokal webbsida. Vissa bibliotek från Python kommer att introduceras för att lösa samma uppgift som MATLAB-övningar. Resultatet presenteras sedan som data och grafer utskrivna från Python laborationer som konverterades direkt från MATLAB. Språkkriterierna utvärderas mellan biblioteken samt att programmeringsstil rekommenderades. I stort sett så kan man konstatera att utvalda bibliotek från Python för denna studie var lyckad för att den gav resultaten som var förväntades.

Internet of things enheter (IoT) växer i extrem takt och det förväntas att växa upp till 125 miljarder enheter år 2030. En förseningar decentraliserad applikation (dApp) är en relativt ny teknikkraft som körs på blockkedjan för att lagra smart kontakt och har inte helt övervägts för att användas inom allmänna IoT-enheter. Syftet med denna studie har varit att avgöra om dApps är lämpliga att användas på typiska IoT enheter. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av att utveckla ett litet beviskoncept av en dApp som körs på rinkeby testnätverk och mäta prestanda för transaktionshastigheten avseende latens och slutfördröjning över olika IoT enhter som raspberry pi 3 och 4. Resultatet har visat prestandan för slutfördröjningen är olika beroende på vilka IoT-enheter som används. De uppmätta resultaten analyseras,diskuteras och dras slutsatsen att lämpligheten av en IoT som använder dApp beror på användningen oavsett om säkerhet eller integritet är dess huvudprioritet eller hastighet.

Wireless use cases in industrial internet-of-thing (IIoT) networks often require guaranteed data rates ranging from a few kilobits per second to a few gigabits per second. Supporting such a requirement in a single radio access technique is difficult, especially when bandwidth is limited. Although non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can improve the system capacity by simultaneously serving multiple devices, its performance suffers from strong user interference. In this paper, we propose a Q-learning-based algorithm for handling many-to-many matching problems such as bandwidth partitioning, device assignment to sub-bands, interference-aware access mode selection (orthogonal multiple access (OMA), or NOMA), and power allocation to each device. The learning technique maximizes system throughput and spectral efficiency (SE) while maintaining quality-of-service (QoS) for a maximum number of devices. The simulation results show that the proposed technique can significantly increase overall system throughput and SE while meeting heterogeneous QoS criteria. 

In this work, we consider the design of a radio resource management (RRM) solution for traffic steering (TS) use-case in the open radio access network (O-RAN). The O-RAN TS deals with the quality-of-service (QoS)-aware steering of the traffic by connectivity management (e.g., device-to-cell association, radio spectrum, and power allocation) for emerging heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in 5G-and-beyond systems. However, TS in HetNets is a complex problem in terms of efficiently assigning/utilizing the radio resources while satisfying the diverse QoS requirements of especially the cell-edge users due to their poor signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). In this respect, we propose an intelligent non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based RRM technique for a small cell base station (SBS) within a macro gNB. A Q-learning-assisted algorithm is designed to allocate the transmit power and frequency sub-bands at the O-RAN control layer such that interference from macro gNB to SBS devices is minimized while ensuring the QoS of the maximum number of devices. The numerical results show that the proposed method enhances the overall spectral efficiency of the NOMA-based TS use case without adding to the system's complexity or cost compared to traditional HetNet topologies such as co-channel deployments and dedicated channel deployments. 

Studien går ut på att analysera marknadsstrukturen för två industriföretag(Holmen och SCA) under antagandet att båda konkurrerar mot varandragenom att köpa rå material samt genom att sälja förädlade produkter.Produktmarknaden som undersöks är pappersmarknaden och antas varakoncentrerad. Rå materialmknaden som undersöks ärmassavedmarknaden och antas karaktäriseras som en duopsony. Detvisade sig att Holmen och SCA köper massaved från en stor mängdskogsägare. Varje företag skapar varje månad en prislista där de bestämmerbud priset föassaved. Priset varierar beroende på region. Både SCA ochHolmen väljer mellan två strategiska beslut, antigen att buda högt pris ellerlågt pris. Genom spelteori så visade det sig att båda industriföretagenanvänder mixade strategier då de i vissa tillfällen budar högt och i andratillfällen budar lågt. Nash jämviktslägen för mixade strategier räknades utmatematiskt och analyserades genom dynamisk spelteori.Marknadskoncentrationen för pappersmarknaden undersöktes viaHerfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porters femkraftsmodell användes föratt analysera industri konkurrensen. Resultatet visade attproduktmarknaden är koncentrerad då HHI testerna gav höga indexvärdenmellan 3100 och 1700. Det existerade dessutom ett Nash jämviktsläge fö mixade strategier som gav SCA förväntad lönsamhet 1651 miljoner kronoroch Holmen 1295 miljoner kronor. Dynamisk spelteori visade att SCA ochHolmens budgivning följer ett mönster och att högt/lågt bud beror påavvikelser från Nash jämviktslägets sannolikhetsdistribution. Nashjämviktslägets råder ifall sannolikhetsdistributionerna vid låg budgivningär 68,6 procent för SCA och 66,7 procent för Holmen. Detta gav indikatore för icke samarbetsvilliga spel. Slutsatsen är att om två spelare (kvarnar) når

TinyML är ett snabb växande tvärvetenskapligt område i maskininlärning. Den fokuserar på att möjliggöra maskininlärnings algoritmer på inbyggda enheter (mikrokontroller) som arbetar vid lågt effektområde. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur bra TinyML kan är lösa typiska ML-uppgifter. Studien hade fyra forskningsfrågor som svarades genom att undersöka olika litteraturstudier och implementera testmodell både på laptop och på inbyggda enheter (Arduino nano 33). Implementationen började med att skapa maskininlärningsmodell i form av sinusfunktion genom att skapa ett 3- lagers, fullt anslutet neuralt nätverk som kan förutsäga sinusfunktionens utdata, på detta sätt används modellen som en regressionsanalys. Idéen är att träna modellen som accepterar värden mellan 0 och 2π och sedan matar ut ett värde mellan -1 och 1. Därefter konverteras modellen till en Tensorflow Lite för att kunna distribuera den på Arduino nano 33. Resultatet visade att TinyML är bra lösning för att lösa ML-uppgifter eftersom det lyckades överföra ML-algoritmen till mikrokontrollen Arduino nano 33. TinyML kunde hantera och bearbeta data utan behov till internetanslutning vilket gav möjlighet för utvecklare att programmera på ett effektivt och lämpligt sätt. TinyML verkar ha en ljus framtid och många vetenskapliga studier påpekar att maskininlärningens största fotavtryck i framtiden kan vara genom TinyML.

The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks provides the enabling environment for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Hence, the vast proliferation of 5G-enabled IoT devices and services led to an overwhelming growth of data traffic that could saturate the core network's backhaul links. Nowadays, caching is an unavoidable technique to solve this issue, whereby popular contents are stored on edge nodes near to end-users. There exist several initiatives to motivate caching actors for improving the caching process, but not designed for the real-world competitive caching market. In this work, we propose an incentive caching strategy in a 5G-enabled IoT network by considering a completely competitive caching scenario with multiple 5G mobile network operators (MNOs) and multiple content providers (CPs). The MNOs manage a set of edge caches on their base stations and they are competing to fill these caching resources, while the CPs detain a set of popular contents and are in conflict to rent the MNOs’ caches. Each MNO aims to maximize its monetary profit and offload its backhaul links, as each CP aims to improve the quality of experience (QoE) of its end-users. Then, we formulate a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game to model the interaction between MNOs and CPs and define the different players’ utilities. Subsequently, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the convex optimization method to investigate the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the numerical results of the different experimentations demonstrate that our game-based incentive strategy can significantly alleviate the backhaul links while improving the user QoE. 

Detta projekt handlar om att skapa ett bokningssystem till en statlig myndighet, där de kommer att erbjuda en förvägsbokning till besökaren. Besökaren kommer att i förväg kunna välja ett datum och tidpunkt för önskat möte för att sedan ge information om vad mötet skall handla om.  Myndigheten vill även få in information i systemet om samtliga bokade tider. Då ett sådant system saknas, önskas det en webbaserad bokningssystemmed med anledning till digitalisering. Kommunikation samt bokningar sker via telefon vilket tillför överbelastning vid olika tillfällen samt slöseri av resurser.  

Projektarbetet började genom att ta kontakt med myndigheten genom en myndighetsansvarig anställd och därefter skapa en idé utifrån hur systemet ska se ut. Därefter implementerades det en kravlista samt en tidsplanering för projektet.  

Designprocessen inleddes med att samla information om den befintliga hemsida som myndigheten använde sig av för att anpassa formen, strukturen samt få en inblick på hur en eventuell lösning kan se ut. Därefter inleddes arbetet kring en marknadsanalys där forskning kring olika företag som erbjuder en liknande tjänst hänvisades, för att jämföra de samt få en bild av vad sådana företag har att erbjuda till besökarna.   

Projektet delades i två huvudområden, teori och praktik. Teoriområdet handlar om författande, planering samt strukturen av projektet. Det praktiska området handlar om kodningen i form av val av programmeringsspråk, implementation av funktioner samt användartester.   

Slutresultatet är ett fullt funktionellt bokningssystem som uppfyller alla uppsatta mål, samt ett bokningssystem som följer myndighetens krav. Till systemet så skapades det två olika hemsidor en som riktar sig till besökarna och en som riktar sig till administrationen. Båda hemsidorna är användarvänliga, relativt säkra samt tar hänsyn till GDPR. Resultatet kunde bekräftas genom ett antal olika användartester samt olika undersökningar. I framtiden så önskas det att bokningssystemet kan utvecklas mer för att nå högre nivå av bekvämlighet.

Digital transformation has the potential to fundamentally change society. Digitalisation, through new technological solutions and advances, is expected to play a central role in ensuring future prosperity. Although the role of digitisation in society has been recognised, the public sector in Sweden is experiencing problems in realising the identified benefits, with the result that a large proportion of the projects being implemented exceed the set framework, constraints, and resources. The aim of this work has been to evaluate a digitisation project in the public sector through a qualitative case study and a goal-oriented framework. The case study has investigated which assumptions emerge in a digitisation project and how the realisation of benefits is affected by these. The evaluation carried out has shown that two different types of assumptions have occurred in the project, these have been formal and informal assumptions. The study has shown that assumptions create legitimacy and conditions for realisation within a digitisation project, while at the same time they create tensions within the project. The tensions show both enabling and constraining dimensions that have affected the project's implementation and benefit realisation positively and negatively. This study has identified a need to extend the work on assumptions in the LFA and has therefore proposed a model that illustrates the relationship of the two types to each other and to the project and its benefit realisation. The evaluation of the digitisation project has shown that the project team prioritised ensuring relevance and sustainability over feasibility, which created tensions in project implementation that negatively affected the realisation of benefits within the project. This study has shown that assumptions are often a "necessary evil" in relation to a project's impact capture, but are facilitated by good structure and clear leadership. 

Problemdefinition: problembilden som existerar ur ett arkiv- och informationsvetenskapligt perspektiv är hur värderingen av verksamhetsinformation ska gå till vid en konkurs av ett helägt kommunalt bolag samt vad som händer med handlingsbeståndet i avseende bevarande och gallring.

Syfte: uppsatsens huvudsyfte är att skapa ett vägledningsinstrument som ska gå att använda vid riktiga konkurser av helägda kommunala bolag där frågor om handlingsbeståndets värdering, bevarande och gallring förekommer. 

Metod: uppsatsen är en kvalitativ fallstudie som analyseras med en hermeneutisk analysmetod uppdelad efter två frågor där ovan nämnda vägledningsinstrument skapas och testas. Fallstudien analyserar en fiktiv konkurs av det helägda kommunala bostadsbolaget Torsby Bostäder AB. Fråga 1 söker finna svar på vad som juridiskt och praktiskt händer med handlingsbeståndet vid en konkurs i avseende bevarande och gallring. Fråga 2 undersöker genom en modifierad analysmodell de rättsliga, ekonomiska och kulturella värden användare eventuellt söker finna i verksamhetsinformation i form av utvalda handlingstyper hos analysobjektet genom att utgå ifrån Geoffrey Yeos användarperspektiv vilket utgörs av en användartaxonomi och värde- och ändamålsmodell med komplement av temporala värderingsprinciper från Erik Borglund, Lena-Maria Öberg samt Theodore Schellenberg. 

Resultat: handlingsbeståndet kommer sannolikt tas över av arkivmyndigheten i Torsby kommun med bibehållen handlingsoffentlighet. Rättsligt och ekonomiskt värde är överlag de vanligast förekommande värdena med kulturellt värde endast som en möjlighet enligt särskilda premisser. Fallstudien förutser dock en värdeförskjutning över tid från rättsliga och ekonomiska värden till kulturella värden.

Slutsatser: vägledningsinstrumentet fungerar, det kan svara på uppsatsens två frågor vilket ger hypotesen att instrumentet sannolikt även fungerar för konkurser av andra helägda kommunala bolag bortom endast bostadsbolag. Instrumentet är dock komplext och ytterligare studier behöver utföras. För praktisk tillämpning så krävs en enklare struktur och för hantering så krävs dels arkivariekompetens dels erfarenhet av en bred mängd handlingstyper. Ytterligare forskning bör även utföras inom autenticitet för helt digital verksamhetsinformation.

IoT har blivit en stor producent av big data. Big data kan användas för att optimera operationer, för att kunna göra det så måste man kunna extrahera användbar information från big data. Detta kan göras med hjälp av neurala nätverk och maskininlärning, vilket kan leda till nya typer av smarta applikationer. Den här rapporten fokuserar på att besvara frågan hur bra är neurala nätverk på att förutspå sensor värden och hur pålitliga är förutsägelserna och om dom kan användas i verkliga applikationer. Sensorlådor användes för att samla data från olika rum och olika neurala nätverksmodeller baserade på LSTM nätverk användes för att förutspå framtida värden. Dessa värden jämfördes sedan med dom riktiga värdena och absoluta medelfelet och standardavvikelsen beräknades. Tiden som behövdes för att producera en förutsägelse mättes och medelvärde och standardavvikelsen beräknades även där. LSTM modellerna utvärderades utifrån deras prestanda och träffsäkerhet. Modellen som endast förutspådde ett värde hade bäst träffsäkerhet, och modellerna tappade träffsäkerheten desto längre in i framtiden dom försökte förutspå. Resultaten visar att även dom enkla modellerna som skapades i detta projekt kan med säkerhet förutspå värden och därför användas i olika applikationer där extremt bra förutsägelser inte behövs.

Studien undersökte regleringar som vägleder arkivarier Sverige, vilket omfattade intervjuer med åtta olika arkivarier som arbetar för svenska kommuner, regioner och statliga myndigheter. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt omfattade Lawrence Lessigs ”pathetic dot theory” med fyra modaliteter (lagar, sociala normer, marknad och arkitektur) som användes vid analysen för att förklara intervjuresultaten. Paralleller drogs mellan tidigare litteratur och resultatet från intervjuerna för att kontextualisera och skapa en bättre förståelse av svaren. Studien visade att det finns annat än lagar och föreskrifter som kan påverka arkivarier vid gallring av allmänna handlingar. Dessa faktorer inkluderade normer och sociala strukturer, samt brist på förståelse för gallringens innebörd och hur det ska utföras. En ytterligare faktor var arkivariens förutsättningar för att använda sin kompetens för att nå ut i verksamheten.

The goal of the project has been to investigate how room reservation systems should be designed so that booked rooms are utilized and so that ambiguities about booked rooms do not arise. User interfaces have been created through a prototype and algorithms have been designed and implemented. The Design Science method was utilized for activities related to prototypes and algorithms. Evaluation of the prototype involved conducting usability tests which have shown that the user interface is easy to use. Unit tests and integration tests have been applied to ensure that the implemented algorithms work properly. A survey was conducted to examine how an existing system and the proposed features are perceived. The results of the survey indicate that the identified problems are experienced by the respondents and that the proposed features are appreciated. More respondents would however have been desirable. Moreover, the results of the usability tests may differ if they are performed on a complete system. These tests should include people of different technical competence. Analysis of the algorithms mentions assumptions made during design, considerations for implementation and possible corrections. Analysis of the unit tests and integration tests mentions that they are limited in some aspects. Design Science has been useful for the project but has not always been perfect. Future work involves examining how authentication for the systems should be designed, developing a complete system that implements the proposed solutions, correcting the algorithms and gathering more data on how the proposed solutions and existing systems are perceived.

This is a qualitative study that uses structured interviews and observations as the methods for collecting data. The purpose of this study is to examine if caregivers in elderly care perform tasks at work that they do not have time for, and also how the caregivers manage communication with the caretaker's relatives. It is a well known problem that personnel working in care are overworked, which can lead to negative effects on the quality of the care that is given. The data collected from the interviews and a thematic analysis present the daily routines performed in connection to the visits at the caretakers. Process maps are created of these visits from the personnel. By breaking down the activities, technical indicators are presented that could suit each activity. It is vital that these technical indicators do not add workload to the caregivers. The results show that there are problems regarding communication between caregivers and the caretaker's relatives. Furthermore eight activities in the process were found that previous research has shown could be turned into technical indicators.

To repeatedly be in need of a clearing saw for the garden, but not wanting to buy one, this is the problem that this report is trying to solve with the creation of an application that allows individuals to rent different garden machines from each other.

The goal of the project is to develop a proof of concept of a mobile app in the framework, React native, for the company Cioplus. The app will be developed in react native and Googles firebase will be used for the backend part to quickly get the app, up and running. The design is already finished beforehand so the focus of the project will be on the coding part. Authenciation by phonenumber will be used where the user will recieve a sms containing the authenciation code if a valid phonenumber is provided. A number of different community-created packages are used throughout the project to make the development easier. Only the android version of the app will be developed because the lack of Apple devices makes it impossible to develop an iOS version. Expo CLI will be used for the begining ofd the project for an easier start and allowed focus on the design aspect of the app to latter migrate to the barebone version. Flowcharts will be created to determine the flow in every maincomponents, and also planing of the components will be made to determine which parts of the design should be resuable across multiple page slike for example the menu and header. The resultet of the project was a working app containing the functions asked for at the begining so the compnay can use for userbality tests. All the problems from the start of the project was solved with both pros and cons.

I en värld där alltmer information lagras på internet är det svårt för en vanlig användare att hänga med. Även när informationen finns tillgänglig på en och samma hemsida kan den hemsidan sakna funktioner eller vara svår att läsa av. Idén bakom att skrapa hemsidor, tidningar eller spel på information är inte ny och detta examensarbete fokuserar på att bygga en web scraper med tillhörande hemsida där användare kan ladda upp sitt schema skrapat från TimeEdit. Hemsidan ska sedan presentera denna skrapade data på ett visuellt tilltalande sett. När system är färdigutvecklade utvärderas dem för att se om examensarbetets mål har uppnåtts samt om systemen har förbättrat det befintliga sättet att hantera schemaläggning i TimeEdit hos lärare och studenter. I sammanfattningen finns sedan framtida forskning och arbeten presenterat.

Sysarb is a Swedish company that, among other things, works for equal and fair salaries. A part of Sysarb's business is a system that is used for analyzing salaries in order to give the customers better knowledge about their employment´s salary structure. The knowledge is used as a basis for decisionmaking for managers to be able to give employees a fair and motivated salary. The system was built many years ago and there is a need for a new improved solution. The goal of this project has therefore been to start building an API that will replace the backend in the old solution. During the project, a survey of the old database and the old solution has been made in order to understand what functionality the system contains and to understand what data is used. Based on this, a new database design has been created containing the data that is actually used. The new database design has been implemented in a PostgreSQL database using Entity Framework Core. An API has been created to communicate with the database and the API follows the structure of the Repository Pattern and the principle of Depencendy Inversion. The project has resulted in an API containing 48 methods.

The work described in this report has for purpose to create a new main design and a new user interface for the web based application WW Kundzon, which is a part of the web shop-solution WW Catering created and sold by a web agency. The application WW Kundzon is made for administrating e-commerce of catering products for the supermarkets that are using WW Catering and it’s an independent web application created with the programming laungauge PHP with the design pattern of MVC. The work has been done through several steps where the initializing part were carried out mainly for mapping the current sys-tem, followed by analyzing and concretizing the need of creating a new user interface for the platform. The main purpose has been to increase the usability as well as the impression in general of the platform. After that, sketches and prototypes have been created as drafts for in several steps being evaluated by the product owner as well as users of the current platform. Thereafter the main design sketch has been adjusted in order to be able to be implemented. The implementation has been started through several steps, where first of all a static main template was created using HTML, SASS/SCSS and the framework Bootstrap, which later on were divided into several smaller PHP-files adjusted to the file structure in order to make it possible to implement it in the web application, replacing the earlier user interface. The new user inteface has been tested with several different methods and has been evaluated in purpose to be prepared for the possibility to be taken into production and made available as a version 2.0 of the application WW Kundzon for both current and future customers. The report is being concluded with an analysis and a discussion about the work carried out, with starting point in different aspects.

Archivists have many times been compared with librarians, which is done in this master thesis. The two professions have changed in recent years. One of the reasons is digital development. The digital age has changed the way people live and the need of information, but also processes within organisational structures. In order to be able to provide relevant and efficient services, the archives and libraries have strived for new skills that are useful in the digital environment. Therefore, the need of competence has increased. There are different types of knowledge required of archivists and librarians, but both have their theoretical knowledge from information science. Through digital development, similar interests can be developed that can be a good reason for collaboration between the two professions. The purpose of the study is to see how the two professions have changed as a result of the digitalisation. Literature studies provide a long-term perspective, which provides an opportunity to see how well something has been discussed and relevant to research that has been conducted. Therefore, the study uses this approach. Literature that has been searched for was limited between the years 2000 to 2020. Assessment of the relevance of literature is done by reading through the abstract and title from searches results in databases. The study collects a total of 40 literature for analysis. Theory of profession is used as a tool to analyse the result. In archival research and information science, digital curation has emerged. The concept is about the availability and usability of data in a long-term perspective. There is a connection to the concept for both archivists and librarians. Digital data needs to be planned and managed at an early stage, to ensure the life cycle of records. Leadership in archives and libraries is something that has developed more, because project management has become important for developing services and the profession. This may be due to threats about the relevance of the professions, but it can also be about being able to develop better services, strategy and different standards, which are more adapted to the digital possibilities. Collaboration between archivists and librarians can be useful in projects where the focus is on developing data management and services, also for promoting research and accessibility and in terms of assisting researchers in their research with information retrieval. Further studies can focus more deeply on areas of expertise that are being developed, which are relevant for both archivists and librarians.

The number of IoT devices and their respective data is increasing for each day impacting the traditional architecture model of solely using the cloud for processing and storage in a negative way. This model may therefore need a supporting model to alleviate the different challenges for future IoT applications. Several researchers have described and presented algorithms and models with focus on distributed architecture models. The main issues with these however is that they fall short when it comes to the implementation and distribution of tasks. The former issue is that they are not implemented on actual hardware but simulated in a constrained environment. The latter issue is that they are not considering sharing a single task but to distribute a whole task. The objective of this thesis is therefore to present the different challenges regarding the traditional architecture model, investigate the research gap for the IoT and the different computing paradigms. Together with this implementing and evaluating a future architecture model capable of collaboration for the completion of a generated task on multiple off-the-shelf hardware. This model is evaluated based on task completion time, data size, and scalability. The results show that the different testbeds are capable communicating and splitting a single task to be completed on multiple devices. They further show that the testbeds containing multiple devices are performing better regarding completion time and do not suffer from noticeable scalability issues. Lastly, they show that the completion time drops remarkably for tasks that are split and distributed.

Kommunikation är en grundpelare för alla verksamheter och företag där möten är ett av de primära sätten för att samtala och fatta gemensamma beslut. Problemet som kan uppstå i samband med att en bokning av ett möte ska utföras är att försöka finna en tid då alla önskade mötesdeltagare kan delta vilket kan vara en tröttsam och tidskrävande process om många deltagare ska ingå i mötet. Detta är ett bekymmer som uppstår hos IT-företaget Easit som fokuserar på mjukvarulösningar åt företag och myndigheter. Arbetet syftar till att undersöka de anställdas uppfattning kring mötesbokningar, vilka verktyg de använder i dagsläget för att boka möten och slutligen formulera och implementera en byggsten i form av en målfunktion för att förhindra de problem som beskrivs i undersökningen. Konstruktionen sker i form av en webbapplikation skapat med främst programmeringsspråket Java men också olika ramverk och verktyg för att förenkla processen i att uppnå en dynamisk applikation. Applikationen upprättar koppling till Microsoft Outlooks API där data sedan extraheras från kalendrar baserat på delvis modifierad data från en anställds schema på företaget. Målfunktionen tillämpas på den data som extraherats för villkor som användaren fyllt i, på det vis beräkna ett slags betyg för potentiella mötesbokningar. Målfunktionen som är en optimerad algoritm jämförs med en greedy-algoritm för att presentera den optimerade algoritmens potential för problembeskrivningen. Den fortsatta utvecklingen utförs genom att formulera bivillkor vars syfte är att bredda den optimerade algoritmens flexibilitet och djup. Resultatet för arbetet är en grund för optimering av scheman med potential för fortsatt utveckling.

In today’s market all companies want to find advantages against its competitors. A common way to do that is to change quality management system. One of those methods is Lean where focus is to create value to the customer and minimize waste. However common changing quality management system is, the success rate is low. This study is a case study on a department in a company where the implementation of Lean and 5S has stopped. To discover why interviews with the personnel in the department is done. The questions are based on an article written by Almeida Marodin and Saurin [1] where they categorized 14 barriers to Lean implementation. Out of the interviews emerged that they did not feel any responsibility for working with Lean and that they had problems with keeping the momentum. To remedy this recommendations where given how the department can create an higher commitment and understanding for working with Lean through change management and Kotters eight step model.

Introduction: Sustainability issues are getting more and more attention. A common framework for working with sustainability is based on the three dimensions of social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability. The goal of the sustainability model is to achieve a balance between the dimensions. Although sustainability models have been known for decades, companies find it difficult to strike a balance, as the economic dimension tends to set the agenda for the other two. Consequently, it seems easier to work with sustainability in theory than in practice. One reason for this may be that the companies have many stakeholders to consider. The digital infrastructure is making the market more and more global.

Problem discussion: The marketplace is changing, both for those who choose to apply the new technology as well as for those who choose to stand outside. New electronic solutions create new opportunities for both businesses and consumers. Sustainability aspects of the electronic B2C (Business to Consumer) commerce have been studied before, but there is a knowledge gap in the electronic B2B (Business to Business) commerce and especially in relation to sustainability. This is even though it is expected to increase more than B2C commerce on the internet.

Purpose: The purpose is to increase the understanding of the relationship between the export companies' electronic B2B commerce and their sustainability work based on the three dimensions; social sustainability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability.

Method: The qualitative study was conducted as a case study. The sample has been Swedish, exporting companies in Malaysia. Informants from each case company have been interviewed.

Results and conclusion: All the companies in the case study are actively working on sustainability issues inspired by the three dimensions of social, environmental and economic sustainability. The result shows that few Swedish exporting companies in Malaysia are working with electronic B2B commerce. This is mainly because traditional sales dominate. For the companies that have implemented electronic B2B commerce, there are contradictions, in particular, between the economic sustainability dimension and the social sustainability dimension.

Localization has gained great attention in recent years, where different technologies have been utilized to achieve high positioning accuracy. Fingerprinting is a common technique for indoor positioning using short-range radio frequency (RF) technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). In this paper, we investigate the suitability of LoRa (Long Range) technology to implement a positioning system using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprinting. We test in real line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments to determine appropriate LoRa packet specifications for an accurate RSSI-to-distance mapping function. To further improve the positioning accuracy, we consider the environmental context. Extensive experiments are conducted to examine the performance of LoRa at different spreading factors. We analyze the path loss exponent and the standard deviation of shadowing in each environment

I dagens samhälle gömmer det sig en teknologi som inte alla tänker på, nämligen Self-Service Technology(SST). Self-Service Technology befinner sig ofta i ens närhet. Företag använder sig av denna teknik för att tillfredsställa deras kunder snabbare och smidigare. Denna studie har utförts på Monitors ERP System AB:s Online-hjälp genom en kvantitativ metod. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera betydelsen av de olika dimensionerna i Self-Service Technology (SST) för kundtillfredsställelse. För att sedan generera ny kunskap och förslag för förbättringar av SST och webbaserade kundsupportsystem. För att genomföra denna studie användes en explorativ faktoranalys på de 7 dimensioner inom Self-Service Technology samt dimensionen kundtillfredsställelse. Resultatet visade att de två dimensionerna funktionalitet och bekvämlighet hade starkast koppling till dimensionen kundtillfredsställelse. Därför bör verksamheter liknande Monitors ERP System AB fokusera på att förbättra funktionalitet och bekvämlighet dimensionerna för att uppnå bättre kundtillfredsställelse.

The goal with this project has been to deliver a report-tool to the company Angry Creative and is intended to help the company to get a better overview of it’s budget and distribution of hours within the HR-department. At present, some information is completely missing and the information available need to be retrieved and calculated manually each time you need it, which is both cumbersome and inefficient. Instead, a tool has now been developed that shows both the consumption of the department’s budget and the distribution of internal activities belonging to the department, such as staff mettings and employee interviews. The project is developed with Wordpress as a basis and where the user interface makes it possible for the user to easily enter data for the budget they want information about and then get calculations made based on it. All calculations and retrieval of data have been done with JavaScript and then presented on one and the same page together with dynamic diagrams to even more clearly visualize the result. The final product is a prototype of a tool that the company later has the oppurtunity to futher develop and will be able to facilitate the work with the budget and planning in the HR-department. The chosen method for the product may not have been the most effective, even though it has been very educational and challenging, but the end result contains all the required parts and works as intended, which meets the projects goals.

The exponential growth in global mobile data traffic, especially with regards to the massive deployment of devices envisioned for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, has given impetus to exploring new spectrum opportunities to support the new traffic demands. The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band is considered as a potential candidate for alleviating the spectrum scarcity. Moreover, the concept of multi-tier networks has gained popularity, especially for dense network environments. In this article, we deviate from the conventional multi-tier networks and employ the concept of control-data separation architecture (CDSA), which comprises of a control base station (CBS) overlaying the data base station (DBS). We assume that the CBS operates on the sub-6 GHz single band, while the DBS possesses a dual-band mmWave capability, i.e., 26 GHz unlicensed band and 60 GHz licensed band. We formulate a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem, which jointly optimizes conflicting objectives: the spectral efficiency (SE) and the energy efficiency (EE). The unique aspect of this work includes the analysis of a joint radio resource allocation algorithm based on Lagrangian Dual Decomposition (LDD) and we compare the proposed algorithm with the maximal-rate (maxRx), dynamic sub-carrier allocation (DSA) and joint power and rate adaptation (JPRA) algorithms to show the performance gains achieved by the proposed algorithm.

Today, Sweden's ambition is to be the best in the world to use the possibilities of digitization, while at the same time aiming to be a leader in the work for sustainable development and Agenda 2030. The study aims to study whether there is a clear connection between how the theory of how one should work with digitization to achieve sustainability applies in the practical work at national and local level. Furthermore, one can use the result to identify how one should use digitization and plan for a more sustainable society.

The aim of the study is to be able to see what differences and / or similarities there are at the different strategic levels, where the study is limited to comparing Sundsvall's municipality with the rest of Sweden.

The parameters examined are supported by the theory that William Mitchell has written in his book "e-topia", which describes the connection between digitization and sustainability and answers the question of how to achieve sustainability with the help of digitization.

The report is based on a qualitative method, in which the result is gathered from two interviews and two policy documents, respectively, in order to be compared and discussed in the report's concluding discussion and conclusion part. The result shows that it is the human transformation that is of significant importance both at national and local level, but that there is no clear link to the sustainability work in the national digitization strategy. Instead of focusing on what abilities that are required to be able to use digital techniques or technologies, one should instead focus on how digitalization contributes to the sustainability work in order to eliminate unnecessary processes or steps.

Tekniker för att hämta e-post har sedan länge varit svåra att hantera på grund av brist på en tydlig standard. E-post kan variera i vilka headers som följer med och vilken storlek som är tillåten. De kan även vara skillnader på hur mailet är kodat vilket kan bidra till att mailet inte lyckas parsas på rätt sätt. Äldre tekniker som IMAP4 och POP3 förlitar sig på en bristande autentiseringsprocess som inte är önskvärd. Projektet kommer därför studera de nyare teknikerna Outlook Mail REST API och Gmail API för att jämföra dem mot IMAP4. Syftet är att på ett säkrare och effektivare sätt kunna läsa epost och integrera dem med ett ärendehanteringssystem. e-postöverföringar ska kunna schemaläggas med specifikationer som sparas i en konfigurationsfil. För att uppnå syftet implementerades tre prototyper som använde varsin teknik för att läsa e-post. För att jämföra teknikerna på prestanda gjordes tidsmätningar. En jämförelse på säkerhet genomfördes genom att sätta upp den information som måste sparas i konfigurationsfilen. En jämförelse på funktionalitet genomfördes genom att jämföra en lista på funktioner som bestämdes genom en intervju och därefter se om dem finns på de tre olika teknikerna. Resultatet blev att Outlook Mail API var överlägset bäst när det kommer till prestanda. Den stora anledningen varför var att Outlook API hämtar e-post i plain-text vilket leder till en betydligt kortare tid för att parsa e-post. Gmail API var snabbare än IMAP4 mest troligt för att den använder protokollet http för att hämta epost. Både IMAP4 och Gmail API hämtar e-post i form av MIME-meddelanden vilket

ledde till en ungefärligt lika lång tid för parsning. Funktionaliteten för teknikerna var densamma förutom några få skillnader. Outlook API har funktionalitet för att hämta epost i plain-text medan de andra inte har det. Gmail API har inte möjlighet att sortera inkommande e-post. Slutligen kom projektet fram till att Gmail API och Outlook Mail REST API var säkrare än IMAP4 på grund av den modernare autentiseringsprocessen som inte hanterar några lösenord. Både Outlook och Gmail använder Oauth2 som autentiseringsprotokoll. Utifrån resultatet dras slutsatsen att Outlook Mail REST API är den lämpligaste lösningen baserat på dess säkerhet och prestanda.

With the growing popularity of Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based smart city applications, various long-range and low-power wireless connectivity solutions are under rigorous research. LoRa is one such solution that works in the sub-GHz unlicensed spectrum and promises to provide long-range communication with minimal energy consumption. However, the conventional LoRa networks are single-hop, with the end devices connected to a central gateway through a direct link, which may be subject to large path loss and hence render low connectivity and coverage. This article motivates the use of multi-hop LoRa topologies to enable energy-efficient connectivity in smart city applications. We present a case study that experimentally evaluates and compares single-hop and multi-hop LoRa topologies in terms of range extension and energy efficiency by evaluating packet reception ratio (PRR) for various source to destination distances, spreading factors (SFs), and transmission powers. The results highlight that a multi-hop LoRa network configuration can save significant energy and enhance coverage. For instance, it is shown that to achieve a 90% PRR, a two-hop network provides 50% energy savings as compared to a single-hop network while increasing 35% coverage at a particular SF. In the end, we discuss open challenges in multi-hop LoRa deployment and optimization.

The project report explains the development process of building a new website for a customer. The new website has been developed through the digital agency Knowit Invativa for the consulting company Direxio. The project includes all steps for the development of the website, from start to finish. The overall requirements were that the website should be user-friendly and easy to administer without knowledge of coding. A UX/UI design process has been implemented with the aim of ensuring that the website's design and layout meet both the customers' and the company's requirements for a user-friendly website. Subsequently, the website has been developed with the preparatory work from the UX/UI design process as a basis. To meet the customer's administration needs, the decision was made to proceed with the CMS WordPress as a development method. This has been done through a front-end solution consisting of a custom WordPress theme. The structure of the theme is done so that the customer gets as much flexibility as possible via WordPress admin interface. The theme consists of own code in the languages HTML and PHP, CSS for styling and JS for functionality. During the project, meetings and close contact are held with Direxio in combination with tests that ensure that the project meets the requirements. Thoughts on possible adjustments for further development as well as ethical and social consequences are discussed after the implementation of the development work. The ethical and social consequences the project can contribute to dealing with accessibility and laws. The project shows lessons learned about the management and execution of project-based assignments as a web development consultant

Migration av data innebär att data flyttas från en databas till en annan. Denna åtgärd kan företag behöva av olika skäl, till exempel för att ändra språk eller förnya befintlig databas. Något som diskuteras är hur denna process ska ske och hur data migreras på bästa smidigaste sätt. Ett av IT företagen som var i behov av svaren är XLENT Sundsvall. XLENT har en webbshop där gränssnittet är föråldrat, samt i behov av en bättre serverlösning ur ett förvaltningsperspektiv. Den här studien syftar till att se över möjligheterna att flytta över den befintliga hemsidan till en modern e-handelslösning. Titta på vilket bästa sätt är att migrera datan till en ny databas som är mer lämplig för hemsidan. De metoderna som ska jämföras är en export-import möjlighet och Extract Transform Load ( ETL) verktyg. Export-import metoden visade sig vara den mest lämpade processen för en databas med våra egenskaper, och en migration med valda processen genomfördes. Till migrationsprocessen hör även städning av data. Ett viktigt steg då databasen bestod av redundant data. En jämförelse mellan den nya och gamla databasen visade att städningen vara en lyckad process då den redundanta datan reducerades med 24 procent. Export-import processen valdes då metoden passade bäst för databas egenskaperna. Då databasen hade varit mycket större eller vara skrivet i ett annat SQL språk så vore metoden inte helt optimalt längre. Då skulle ETL verktyget vara med önskvärt. Vid fortsatt arbete så skulle det vara intressant att göra en mer teoretisk jämförelse. Testa att migrera på de olika sätten, med databaser med olika egenskaper för att få en mer övergripande blick av vilken som passar bäst i olika fall.

Although Internet-of-Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the IT sector, it is not mature yet as several technologies are  still being offered to be candidates for supporting the backbone of this system. IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is one of those promising candidate technologies to be adopted by IoT and Industrial IoT (IIoT). Attacks against RPL have shown to be possible, as the attackers utilize the unauthorized parent selection system of the RLP protocol. In this work, we are proposing a methodology and architecture to detect intrusions against IIoT. Especially, we are targeting to detect attacks against RPL by using genetic programming. Our results indicate that the developed framework can successfully (with high accuracy, along with high true positive and low false positive rates) detect routing attacks in RPL-based Industrial IoT networks.

COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Till now, there is no remedy for this epidemic. However, isolation and social distancing are seemed to be effective preventive measures to control this pandemic. Therefore, in this article, an optimization problem is formulated that accommodates both isolation and social distancing features of the individuals. To promote social distancing, we solve the formulated problem by applying a noncooperative game that can provide an incentive for maintaining social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is interpreted with the help of our proposed game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing where there exists a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we perform an extensive numerical analysis that shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of achieving the desired social-distancing to prevent the outbreak of the COVID-19 in a noncooperative environment. Numerical results show that the individual incentive increases more than 85% with an increasing percentage of home isolation from 25% to 100% for all considered scenarios. The numerical results also demonstrate that in a particular percentage of home isolation, the individual incentive decreases with an increasing number of individuals.

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), with the potential to realize smart radio environments, have emerged as an energy-efficient and a cost-effective technology to support the services and demands foreseen for coming decades. By leveraging a large number of low-cost passive reflecting elements, RISs introduce a phase-shift in the impinging signal to create a favorable propagation channel between the transmitter and the receiver. In this article, we provide a tutorial overview of RISs for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. Specifically, we present a comprehensive discussion on performance gains that can be achieved by integrating RISs with emerging communication technologies. We address the practical implementation of RIS-assisted networks and expose the crucial challenges, including the RIS reconfiguration, deployment and size optimization, and channel estimation. Furthermore, we explore the integration of RIS and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) under imperfect channel state information (CSI). Our numerical results illustrate the importance of better channel estimation in RIS-assisted networks and indicate the various factors that impact the size of RIS. Finally, we present promising future research directions for realizing RIS-assisted networks in 6G communication. IEEE

Backscatter Communication (BackCom), which is based on passive reflection and modulation of an incident radio-frequency (RF) wave, has emerged as a cutting-edge technological paradigm for self-sustainable Internet-of-things (IoT). Nevertheless, contemporary BackCom systems are limited to short-range and low data rate applications only, rendering them insufficient on their own to support pervasive connectivity among the massive number of IoT devices. Meanwhile, wireless networks are rapidly evolving toward the smart radio paradigm. In this regard, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have come to the forefront to transform the wireless propagation environment into a fully controllable and customizable space in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner. Targeting the sixth-generation (6G) horizon, we anticipate the integration of RISs into BackCom systems as a new frontier for enabling 6G IoT networks. In this article, for the first time in the open literature, we provide a tutorial overview of RIS-assisted BackCom (RIS-BackCom) systems. Specifically, we introduce the three different variants of RIS-Back- Com and identify the potential improvements that can be achieved by incorporating RISs into Back- Com systems. In addition, owing to the unrivaled effectiveness of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), we present a case study on a RIS-assisted NOMA-enhanced BackCom system. Finally, we outline the way forward for translating this disruptive concept into real-world applications.