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  • 1. Aagaard, A.
    et al.
    Ritzén, Sofia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    The critical aspects of co-creating and co-capturing sustainable value in service business models2019In: Creativity and Innovation Management, ISSN 0963-1690, E-ISSN 1467-8691Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous researchers and practitioners emphasize the potential to create value through sustainable business models (SBMs). However, little attention has been paid to how sustainable value is proposed, created, delivered, and captured in the organization, and how customers perceive sustainable value in service. The aim of this paper is to explore this research gap empirically through a case study of sustainable value (co-)creation through SBMs of sustainable service innovations as experienced among two hotels' managers, employees and customers. The contributions of the study relate to the development of SBMs in service, where the value processes happen simultaneously and where the element value perception has to be added to the extant SBM literature, which is closely related to the creation and delivery of physical goods as in product-oriented industries. The study also contributes through the dual perspective (providers and customers) on sustainable value proposition, value creation and value capture. The findings reveal different key aspects in creating and capturing sustainable value through SBMs and sustainable service innovation. The managerial implications for creating and implementing SBM in service stress the need for employee engagement, customer involvement and targeted and personal communication educating internal and external sustainability ambassadors.

  • 2.
    Aagaard, Annabeth
    et al.
    Aarhus University, Dept. Business Development & Technology.
    Ritzén, Sofia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Creating and capturing sustainable value through business model and service innovation2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A number of researchers and practitioners emphasize the potentials of creating value through sustainable business models. However, little attention has been paid as to how sustainable value is created and implemented into the organization and how sustainable value is perceived by the customers. This research gap is explored empirically through a case study of active facilitation and implementation of sustainable business models as experience internally and externally among two hotels’ employees and customers. The findings reveal different key control mechanisms in sustainable value creation and value capture through sustainable business models and sustainable service innovation. The managerial implications of creating and implementing sustainable business models in ways that are perceived sustainable by customer, stress the need for employee engagement, customer involvement, and targeted and personal communication educating internal and external sustainability ambassadors.

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  • 3.
    Abbasi, Abdul Ghafoor
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Muftic, Sead
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Communication Systems, CoS.
    CryptoNET: Security Management Protocols2010In: ADVANCES IN DATA NETWORKS, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS / [ed] Mastorakis, NE; Mladenov, V, ATHENS: WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC , 2010, p. 15-20Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we describe several network security protocols used by various components of CryptoNET architecture. The protocols are based on the concept of generic security objects and on well-established security standards and technologies. Distinctive features of our security protocols are: (1) they are complete in terms of their functionality, (2) they are easy to integrate with applications, (3) they transparently handle security credentials and protocol-specific attributes using FIPS 201 (PIV) smart cards, and (4) they are based on generic security objects. These protocols are: remote user authentication protocol, single-sign-on protocol, SAML authorization protocol, and secure sessions protocol. Security protocols use our Security Provider as a collection of cryptographic engines implemented either in software or using FIPS 201 (NV) smart cards. It also manages protocols' attributes using security applets stored in Ply smart card.

  • 4.
    Abbasi, S.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Particle emissions from rail vehicles: A review2012In: Civil-Comp Proceedings, ISSN 1759-3433, Vol. 98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Emission of airborne particles is a side effect from rail transport. This paper reviews recent research on particle emissions from rail vehicles. Both exhaust and non-exhaust particle emissions are characterized by size, morphology, composition, and size distribution. Current legislation, knowledge of adverse health effects, and available and proposed solutions for emission reductions are also treated. There has been much focus on exhaust emissions, but only a few limited studies have investigated non-exhaust particle emissions, which contain a significant amount of metallic materials. A new method for measuring the airborne wear particle emission rate (AWPER) is proposed as a first step to guide new legislations and to focus further research on non-exhaust airborne emission, i.e., research on the generation mechanisms for particle emissions and their adverse health effects. 

  • 5.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    A comparison between particle characteristics between two railway brake pads2013Report (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    A study of nanostructured particles in railway tunnels2013Report (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Characterisation of airborne particles from rail traffic2011Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the investigation of wear particles in rail transport started in late-1910s, the high mass concentration of these particles has raised worries among researchers concerned with air quality. However, effective action has yet to be taken because of lack of relevant knowledge. This thesis provides applicable information for the airborne wear particles in rail transport. Some aspects of their characteristics such as diameter size, mass concentration, number concentration, and morphology of particles were investigated in field tests and laboratory tests.The effects on particle characterisations from different operational conditions in the field tests, and applying different braking materials, conducting tests in different applied loads or sliding velocities in the laboratory tests were studied. The main advantage of conducting laboratory tests was to focus on studying particles from one source. The possibility of repetition, using high sensitive instruments and conducting tests at low costs are the other advantages of laboratory studies. Paper A describes how a pin-on-disc machine was used to reproduce similar real operational conditions during mechanical braking in a train. The results were validated by comparing the field tests results with the laboratory studies. The particles morphology and size distribution were also studied.Paper B presents a summary of field tests results. The effects of curve negotiating and applying braking in different real conditions were investigated with an on-board measurement.The element composition of the particles and their potential sources were also investigated outside of the particles morphologies.Paper C presents comprehensive results from laboratory studies on airborne particles from different braking materials. The differences in the particle characteristics in similar test conditions were attributable to different material compositions and dominant wear mechanisms. A new index was introduced in this paper and is suggested to be used as a qualitative factor with regard to the airborne wear particle emission rate.Paper D is a review of the recent studies of exhaust emission and non-exhaust emission from rail vehicles. A summary of results, measurements, adverse health effects, and proposed or applied solutions are reviewed in this paper.

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  • 8.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Nanostructured particles in/outside compartment of running train, an on board measurement2013Report (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Non-exhaust Nano particle emission in Rail traffic2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Towards elimination of airborne particles from rail traffic2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the investigation of wear particles from rail transport started in the late 1910s, the high mass concentrations of these particles have prompted concern among researchers interested in air quality. However, effective action has yet to be taken because relevant knowledge is still missing. This thesis provides knowledge of airborne wear particles originating from rail transport. Some aspects of their characteristic parameters, such as size, mass concentration, number concentration, and morphology, were investigated in the field and in laboratory tests. We also discuss means to mitigate non-exhaust emissions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various test set-ups in the seven appended journal papers:Paper A reviews recent studies of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions from rail vehicles. The results, measurements, adverse health effects, and proposed or applied solutions presented in this literature are summarized in this paper.Paper B summarizes the results of field tests we conducted. The effects of curve negotiation and braking under different real conditions were investigated in a field test in which on-board measurements were made. The elemental composition and morphology of the particles emitted and their potential sources were also investigated.Paper C describes how a pin-on-disc machine can be used to reproduce real operating conditions during mechanical train braking in a controlled laboratory setting. The results were validated by comparing the field test results with the results of laboratory studies.Paper D presents comprehensive results of laboratory studies of airborne particles from different braking materials. A new index is introduced in this paper, which can be used as a quantitative metric for assessing airborne wear particle emission rates.Paper E describes the effects of using various friction modifiers and lubricants on the characteristics of airborne particles from wheel–rail contact under lubricated and unlubricated conditions.Paper F reports work to simulate thermoelastic instability in the cast-iron braking material. We simulated the fluctuation of the flash temperature by considering the temperature dependency of the material properties and the transformation of the contact state due to thermomechanical phenomena and wear.Paper G reviews new full- and sub-scale measurements of non-exhaust emissions from ground transport. The advantages and disadvantages of on-board measurements, pin-on-disc tests, dynamometer tests, and test rig studies are discussed in this paper.

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    Thesis
  • 11.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Ekstrand-Hammarström, Barbara
    Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI),.
    Bergström, Ulrika
    Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI),.
    Bucht, Anders
    Deptartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, 901 89, Sweden.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Jansson, Anders
    Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.
    Biological response in lung cells by brake dust from a novel set-up to generate one sourcewear particles2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Jansson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olander, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Services Engineering.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    A pin-on-disc study of the rate of airborne wear particle emissions from railway braking materials2012In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 284, p. 18-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study investigates the characteristics of particles generated from the wear of braking materials, and provides an applicable index for measuring and comparing wear particle emissions. A pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with particle measurement instruments was used. The number concentration, size, morphology, and mass concentration of generated particles were investigated and reported for particles 10 nm-32 mu m in diameter. The particles were also collected on filters and investigated using EDS and SEM. The effects of wear mechanisms on particle morphology and changes in particle concentration are discussed. A new index, the airborne wear particle emission rate (AWPER), is suggested that could be used in legislation to control non-exhaust emissions from transport modes, particularly rail transport.

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  • 13.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Jansson, Anders
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Particle emissions from rail traffic: a literature review2013In: Critical reviews in environmental science and technology, ISSN 1064-3389, E-ISSN 1547-6537, Vol. 43, no 23, p. 2211-2244Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Particle emissions are a drawback of rail transport. This work is a comprehensive presentation of recent research into particle emissions from rail vehicles. Both exhaust and non-exhaust particle emissions are considered when examining particle characteristics such as  PM10, and PM2.5 concentration levels, size, morphology, composition, as well as adverse health effects, current legislation, and available and proposed solutions for reducing such emissions. High concentration levels in enclosed rail traffic environments are reported and some toxic effects of the particles. We find that only a few limited studies have examined the adverse health effects of non-exhaust particle emissions and that no relevant legislation exists. Thus further research in this area is warranted.

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  • 14.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Moslemi, Kianoush
    A new approach for optimization of heating system in tank wagons2003Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olander, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Services Engineering.
    Larsson, Christina
    Bombardier Transportation Sweden AB, Västerås, Sweden.
    Jansson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Tribologi.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    A field test study of airborne wear particles from a running regional train2012In: IMechE, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, ISSN 0954-4097, Vol. 226, no 1, p. 95-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Inhalable airborne particles have inverse health affect. In railways, mechanical brakes, the wheel–rail contact, current collectors, ballast, sleepers, and masonry structures yield particulate matter. Field tests examined a Swedish track using a train instrumented with particle measurement devices, brake pad temperature sensors, and speed and brake sensors. The main objective of this field test was to study the characteristics of particles generated from disc brakes on a running train with an on-board measuring set-up.

    Two airborne particle sampling points were designated, one near a pad–rotor disc brake contact and a second under the frame, not near a mechanical brake or the wheel–rail contact; the numbers and size distributions of the particles detected were registered and evaluated under various conditions (e.g. activating/deactivating electrical brakes or negotiating curves). During braking, three speed/temperature-dependent particle peaks were identified in the fine region, representing particles 280 nm, 350 nm, and 600 nm in diameter. In the coarse region, a peak was discerned for particles 3–6 μm in diameter. Effects of brake pad temperature on particle size distribution were also investigated. Results indicate that the 280 nm peak increased with increasing temperature, and that electrical braking significantly reduced airborne particle numbers. FESEM images captured particles sizing down to 50 nm. The ICP-MS results indicated that Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg were the main elements constituting the particles.

     

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  • 16.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    A study of friction modifiers on airborne wear particles from wheel-rail contact2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wheel-rail contact and its wear process are crucial issues in maintenance and operating of rolling stocks. During wheel-rail contact, materials in mating faces are worn off and some of them transferred to airborne particles. Eventhough the wear process in wheel-rail contact are well-known, few studies have been conducted on the airborne particles from wheel-rail contact.

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using different friction modifier on the amount of airbotne particles from wheel-rail contact in a laboratory simulation. In this regard, a series laboratory tests were used by using round head pin (R=25mm) and dead weight 40 N in a pin-on-disc machine. This set-up simulates a contact pressure around 750 MPa on the pin head.

    The amount of airborne particles and their characteristics were investigated in dry-contact, and non-dry contacts whereas a lubricant, Binol rail 510 and a friction modifier, tramsilence were used. According to the results, the effects of using Binol rail to reduce the amount of airborne particles were considerable.

  • 17.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Airborne wear particles from train traffic2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Experiences of measuring airborne wear particles from braking materials and the wheel - Rail contact2012In: 9th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems, CM 2012, Southwest Jiaotong University , 2012, p. 608-609Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During braking both of the discs and pads of disc brakes are worn. Since disc brakes are not sealed, some of the generated wear particles can become airborne. The same condition also holds for block brakes utilized in rail vehicles. Furthermore, the wheel-rail contact is also subjected to wear processes during braking as well as during normal running. This contact also contributes to generation of airborne particles. Several studies have found an association between adverse health effects and the concentration of particles in the atmosphere, so it is of interest to improve our knowledge of the airborne wear particles. The present work includes results from full scale testing of rail vehicles. Particle size distribution, morphology and elemental contents are presented and discussed. Due to high back ground concentration levels in field tests, dedicated laboratory test set ups on a reduced scale were designed and utilized for airborne particle studies with zero background level. Promising correlation between field test and the lab set up is identified. Different ways of using this test set up for evaluating how the composition of the airborne particles is classified with respect to their health effects are discussed. Furthermore, different ways of using the proposed method to rank and to quantify airborne particle emission factors are presented.

  • 19.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Experiences of measuring airborne wear particles from braking materials and wheel-rail contact2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During braking both of the discs and pads of disc brakes are worn. Since disc brakes are not sealed, some of the generated wear particles can become airborne.  Wheel-rail is also subjected to wear process during braking as well as normal running. They also contribute to generate airborne particles. Several studies have found an association between adverse health effects and the concentration of particles in the atmosphere, so it is of interest to improve our knowledge of the airborne wear particles generated by disc brakes.

    The present work includes results from full scale testing of rail vehicles. Particle size distribution, morphology and elemental contents are presented and discussed for different combinations of disc and pad materials. Due to high back ground concentration levels in field tests, dedicated laboratory test set ups on a reduced scale were designed and utilized for airborne particle studies with zero background level.

    Promising correlation between field test and the lab set up is identified. Different ways of using this test set up for evaluating how the composition of the airborne particles is classified with respect to their health effects are discussed. Furthermore, different ways of using the proposed method to rank and to quantify airborne particle emission factors are presented.

  • 20.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Lack of applicable criteria in non-exhaust emission legislation: AWPER index a practical solution2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olander, Lars
    A field investigation of the size and morphology and chemical composition of airborne particles in rail transport2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olander, Lars
    Larsson, christina
    A field investigation of the size, morphology and chemical composition of airborne particles in rail transport2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The health effects of inhalable airborne particles are well documented. In the European Union the European Council mandates that the level of airborne particles with a diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10) must not exceed an annual average of 40 µg/m3. Examples of possible sources from rail transport are mechanical brakes, wheel rail contact, current collectors, ballast, sleepers and masonry structures. In this regard, a series of field tests have been conducted on a regular Swedish track using a regional train instrumented with: particle measurement devices, temperature sensors in brake pads and sensors to measure the magnitude of train speed and a GPS.

    Two sampling points for airborne particles were designated in the train under frame. One of the sampling points was near a pad to rotor disc brake contact and a second global sampling point was chosen under the frame, but not near a mechanical brake or the wheel-rail contact. The first one was highly influenced by brake pad wear debris and the other one was influenced by all of the brake pads, wheel and rail wear debris as well as re-suspension. In each sampling points, three tubes were linked to three particle measurement devices. Two sets of Ptrak, Dustrak and Grimm devices were used. The Ptrak 8525 was an optical particle measurement device which could measure particle diameter in the size interval of 20 nm up to 1 micrometer. The Dustrak was used to measure particle mass concentration. The Grimm 1.109 was an aerosol spectrometer which counted number of particles from 0.25 micrometer to 32 micrometer in 31 intervals. These two Grimm devices were equipped with Millipore filters in the devices outlets to capture particles for further studies on morphology and matter of particles.

    The total number and size distribution of the particles for these two sampling points were registered and evaluated in different situations such as activating and deactivating electrical brake or train curve negotiating.

    During braking, three peaks of 250 nm, 350 nm and 600 nm in diameter, with the 350 nm peak dominating were identified in the fine particle region. In the coarse particle region, a peak of around 3-6 µm in diameter was discovered. The brake pad temperature effects on particle size distribution were also investigated and the results showed that the peak around 250 nm increased. Furthermore, the activation of electrical braking significantly reduced the number of airborne particles.

    A SEM was used to capture the images from collected particles on filters. Furthermore, an ICP-Ms method was used to investigate the elemental contents of the particulates on the filter.  In this case the main contribution belonged to Fe, Si, Al, Ca, Cu, Zn. The higher amount of some elements weights such as calcium, silicon, sodium and aluminum in the global sampling point filters revealed that ballast and concrete sleepers were the main sources for these particles although some of them originated from rail, wheel, brake disc and brake pad as well.

  • 23.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Tritscher, Trosten
    TSI.
    Krinke, Thomas
    TSI.
    On-board study of nano- and micrometer-particle characteristics of a running electric train2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Zhu, Yi
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Pin-on-disc study of the effects of railway friction modifiers on airborne wear particles from wheel-rail contact2013In: Tribology International, ISSN 0301-679X, E-ISSN 1879-2464, Vol. 60, p. 136-139Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Knowledge of wheel–rail interaction is crucial to wheel and rail maintenance. In this interaction, some of theworn-off material is transformed into airborne particles. Although such wear is well understood, few studiestreat the particles generated. We investigated friction modifiers' effects on airborne particles characteristicsgenerated in wheel-rail contacts in laboratory conditions. Pin-on-disc machine testing with a round-head pinloaded by a dead weight load 40 N simulated maximum contact pressure over 550 MPa. Airborne particlecharacteristics were investigated in dry contacts and in ones lubricated with biodegradable rail grease andwater- and oil-based friction modifiers. The number of particles declined with the grease; the number ofultrafine particles increased with the water-based friction modifier, mainly due to water vaporization.

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    peerreviewad version
  • 25.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Particle emission from rail vehicles: A literature review2012In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, Sage Publications, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Emission of airborne particles is a side effect from rail transport. This work reviews recent research on particle emissions from rail vehicles. Both exhaust and non-exhaust particle emissions are characterized by size, morphology, composition, and size distribution. Current legislation, knowledge of adverse health effects, and available and proposed solutions for emission reductions are also treated. There has been much focus on exhaust emissions, but only a few limited studies have investigated non-exhaust particle emissions, which contain a significant amount of metallic materials. A new method for measuring the airborne wear particle emission rate (AWPER) is proposed as a first step to guide new legislations and to focus further research on non-exhaust airborne emission, i.e., research on the generation mechanisms for particle emissions and their adverse health effects.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Technical note: Experiences of studying airborne wear particles from road and rail transport2013In: Aerosol and Air Quality Research, ISSN 1680-8584, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 1161-1169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Airborne particles and their adverse effects on air quality have been recognized by humans since ancient times. Current exhaust emission legislations increase the relative contribution of wear particles on the PM levels. Consequently, wearbased particle emissions from rail and road transport have raised concerns as ground transportation is developing quickly. Although scientific research on airborne wear-based particles started in 1909, there is almost no legislation that control the generation of wear-based particles. In addition, there is no accepted and approved standard measurement technique for monitoring and recording particle characteristics. The main objective of this study is to review recent experimental work in this field and to discuss their set-ups, the sampling methods, the results, and their limitations, and to propose measures for reducing these limitations.

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  • 27.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. Department of Mechanical engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology.
    Teimourimanesh, Shahab
    Chalmers.
    Vernersson, Tore
    Chalmers.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Lunden, Roger
    Chalmers.
    Temperature and Thermoelastic Instability at Tread Braking Using Cast Iron Friction Material2013In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 314, no 1–2, p. 171-180Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Braking events in railway traffic often induce high frictional heating and thermoelastic instability (TEI) at the interfacing surfaces. In the present paper, two approaches are adopted to analyse the thermomechanical interaction in a pin-on-disc experimental study of railway braking materials. In a first part, the thermal problem is studied to find the heat partitioning between pin and disc motivated by the fact that wear mechanisms can be explained with a better understanding of the prevailing thermal conditions. The numerical model is calibrated using the experimental results. In a second part, the frictionally induced thermoelastic instabilities at the pin-disc contact are studied using a numerical method and comparing them with the phenomena observed in the experiments. The effects of temperature on material properties and on material wear are considered. It is found from the thermal analysis that the pin temperature and the heat flux to the pin increase with increasing disc temperatures up to a transition stage. This agrees with the behaviour found in the experiments. Furthermore, the thermoelastic analysis displays calculated pressure and the temperature distributions at the contact interface that are in agreement with the hot spot behaviour observed in the experiments.

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  • 28.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Teimourimanesh, Shahab
    Chalmers.
    Vernersson, Tore
    Chalmers.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Lunden, Roger
    Chalmers.
    Temperature and thermo-elastic instability of tread braking friction materials2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Wahlström, Jens
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    Olander, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Services Engineering.
    Larsson, Christina
    Bombardier Transportation Sweden AB, Västerås, Sweden.
    Olofsson, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Tribologi.
    Sellgren, Ulf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements.
    A study of airborne wear particles generated from organic railway brake pads and brake discs2011In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 273, no 1, p. 93-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Brake pads on wheel-mounted disc brakes are often used in rail transport due to their good thermal properties and robustness. During braking, both the disc and the pads are worn. This wear process generates particles that may become airborne and thus affect human health. The long term purpose of ‘Airborne particles in Rail transport’ project is to gain knowledge on the wear mechanisms in order to find means of controlling the number and size distribution of airborne particles. In this regard, a series of full-scale field tests and laboratory tests with a pin-on-disc machine have been conducted. The morphology and the matter of particles, along with their size distribution and concentration, have been studied. The validity of results from the pin-on-disc simulation has been verified by the field test results. Results show an ultra-fine peak for particles with a diameter size around 100 nm in diameter, a dominant fine peak for particles with a size of around 350 nm in diameter, and a coarse peak with a size of 3-7 μm in diameter. Materials such as iron, copper, aluminium, chromium, cobalt, antimony, and zinc have been detected in the nano-sized particles.

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  • 30.
    Abdo, Nawar
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Modularization and evaluation of vehicle’s electrical system2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Modularization is a strategy used by many companies, to help them provide their customers with a high variety of customized products efficiently. This is done through the customization of different independent modules, which are connected by standardized interfaces that are shared throughoutthe entire module variety.

    Scania, being one of the large companies that provide modular products, has been successfully improving their modularization concepts for many years, and is one of the most iconic companies when it comes to modularization of buses, trucks and engines. But with the increasing need ofelectronics integrated in the vehicles, it is becoming more and more important to modularize the electrical system.

    There is currently an existing, modularized, product architecture for the electrical system, and Scania wants to know how well modularized it is, as there is no unified way that indicates what is considered to be the better solution.To analyze the current state of the electrical system, a systematic method of modularization was used, which would help answer three important questions: Are the modules well defined? Is there a way to systematically compare alternative solutions? What criteria are more important to focus on?

    Since there is no unified way of modularization, many modularization methods have been created, and each one has been optimized for a certain purpose.

    This project compares three different modularization methods and then uses one of the methods which is deemed to be the preferred method to help provide the answers that the company seeks when investigating the modularity of the electrical system.

    As the electrical system is very complex, and the project has limited amount of resources, it was decided to choose one of the control units as an example, which was the APS (air processing system).

    The literature study showed that the most rewarding method to use was the MFD (Module Function Deployment), as it provides more information about the product and what criteria the company should focus on. It was then decided to use the relevant steps in MFD to analyze the state of the APS as an example of how this method works.

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  • 31.
    Abdul Hameed, Abdul Hameed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Taki, Noor
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    The Challenges of Engineering Change Order Management Systems in Modularization Firms: A Closer Look at the Intricacies of Scania’s Bygglåda2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis investigates and identifies key challenges associated with ECM implementations (ECO usage) in modularization firms. In addition, a 3-tier conceptual framework is presented as a mitigation to some of the presented challenges. A gap in existing literature reveals the need for better understanding of empirical challenges in industrial companies’ implementations of ECM. In addition, light is shed on the linkage between the use of ECM systems and modularization-based product architectures. ECO-related issues were found to originate from both insufficient cross-functional collaboration and lacking ECM measures. Some of the key findings allude to a cause-and-effect relationship between ECM insufficiencies and crossfunctional collaboration and also a link between the organizational structure and cross-functional performance. The results were based on a study done in the R&D department of Scania AB.

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  • 32.
    Abdullah, Maizura Ailin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Öhrwall Rönnbäck, A
    Ölundh Sandström, Gunilla
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Building Networks for Delivering Integrated Product-Service Offerings (IPSOs)2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Abedi, Aref
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Wallsten, Jakob
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Beslutsfattande inom Produktutveckling: Kartläggning, analysering & vidareutveckling av PPM process på ett medtech företag2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The number of ideas at innovative companies usually exceeds the amount of available human or

    material recourses, this include ideas for development of new products. Since they are not able to do

    everything they want to do they have to choose between ideas to develop new products. This includes

    the decision on when to start, stop or kill a project as well as the thought process of prioritizing between

    ongoing and potential projects.

    Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is an organizational process, with the purpose of systematically

    organizing and running the activities that aim to evaluate, select and prioritize ideas and projects for

    developing new products. PPM include four major goals to be fulfilled; Maximizing Value of the

    Portfolio, Achieving a Balanced Portfolio, Achieving a Strategic Alignment and Running the Right

    Number of Projects.

    The purpose of the thesis was to develop a more visual and formal PPM process for the early stages in

    product development in one department at St Jude Medical AB, Sweden.

    The thesis was conducted by following a methodology known as Process Modules. The methodology is

    an approach for developing a PPM process that fits a specific company. The methodology is not a

    defined work procedure for decision making but rather a systematic method for developing one.

    The thesis was conducted by working closely with a defined Work Group consisting of six decision

    makers at St Jude Medical AB, Sweden. Initially, the authors managed to map the current PPM process

    at the department in focus which showed to be rather informal and not using formal criteria. Together

    with the Work Group, the process was formalized and visualized. During a workshop, a set of selection

    criteria were identified and defined, and so was a set of balance criteria. Finally, the new PPM process

    was defined and visualized by the authors.

    A number of overall important reflections were concluded by the authors after conducting this master

    thesis. The main reflection is the fact that every PPM process is, and needs to be, company specific.

    Further on, when developing a PPM process it is of great importance to involve management and

    involved staff in the actual procedure, in order to increase the understanding of the final process.

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  • 34.
    Abedi, Melika
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Thun, Elin
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Implementation of a Value-Based Pricing Model for a Customised Metal Recycling Solution2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As the stainless steel industry continues to grow, so does the environmental impacts generated by the various production processes. Such impacts not only affect the environment but pose great health concerns for humans and other living things. Therefore, it is necessary for all stakeholders to continuously improve their sustainability work. Metal recovery is one of the ways this can be done.

    There exists different organisations within the stainless steel industry, all of which are likely to benefit from metal recycling solutions. However, it is not obvious what models for value capture are most appropriate regarding such new technology. Adopting an appropriate value capture model is crucial for any organisation offering a service or a product. It is what ultimately determines an organisation’s revenues, profits as well as the amounts reinvested in the organisation’s growth for its long-term survival.

    By considering a case company offering a metal recycling solution, this study investigates how such a company may best leverage the value created by their technology. This is achieved by implementing a qualitative approach consisting of an extant literature review, accompanied by empirical findings through interviews with potential customers. Different factors affecting the formulation of an offering, as well as a value-based pricing model for that offering, are analysed.

    The study proposes a framework for how organisations can efficiently and effectively implement a value-based pricing model for a certain offering. This framework is put into context in regard to the empirical findings. Moreover, the empirical study identifies the potential customers’ perceived value as a result of the metal recycling solution as; opportunities for material reuse and circular economy in production, enhanced waste management, improved brand and the corporate image, and increased operational efficiency. Lastly, identified key determining factors of value realisation from the customer perspective were; payback time, operational aspects, organisational and operational size, type of offering of a metal recycling solution, regulations and public process surveillance and views on pricing strategy. 

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  • 35.
    Abele, Andreas
    et al.
    Continental Gmbd, Germany.
    Johansson, Rolf
    SP.
    Lönn, Henrik
    Volvo Technology AB.
    Papadopoulos, Yiannis
    Hull University, UK.
    Reiser, Mark-Oliver
    Technical Univ of Berlin.
    Servat, David
    CEA, France.
    Törngren, Martin
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Embedded Control Systems.
    Weber, Matthias
    Technische Universit¨at Berlin, DE.
    The CVM framework: A prototype tool for compositional variability management2010In: Proceeding of: Fourth International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems, 2010, p. 101-105Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article announces the first public release ofan experimental research tool for variability management,called “CVM framework” and provides an overview of thetool’s capabilities and architecture.

  • 36.
    Abelin, Sarah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Investigation of integrated waterlevel sensor solution forsubmersible pumps: A study of how sensors can be combined towithstand build-up materials and improvereliability in harsh environment2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Monitoring water level in harsh environment in order to handle the start and stop function of drainage pumps has been a major issue. Several environmental factors are present, which affect and disturb sensor measurements. Current solutions with mechanical float switches, mounted outside of pumps, wear out, get entangled and account for more than half of all the emergency call outs to pumping stations. Since pumps are frequently moved around, a new sensor solution is needed which can be integrated within the pump house and is able to continuously monitor water level to optimize the operation of the pump and to decrease wear, cost and energy consumption.

    This thesis presents an investigation how different sensor techniques can be combined to improve reliability for monitoring water level and handle the start and stop function of drainage pumps in harsh environment. The main focus has been to identify suitable water level sensing techniques and to investigate how sensors are affected by build-up materials building up on the pump surface and covering the sensor probes. A support vector machine algorithm is implemented to fuse sensor data in order to increase reliability of the sensor solution in contaminated condition.

    Results show that a combination of a pressure sensor and a capacitive sensor is the most suitable combination for withstanding build-up materials. For operating conditions when sensors are covered with soft or viscous build-ups, sensors were able to monitor water level through the build-up materials. No solution was found that could satisfactorily monitor water level through solidified build-up materials.

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  • 37.
    Aboud Vieider, Felicia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Kulkarni, Anirudh Narasimha
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Traction Adaptive trajectory planning for autonomous racing2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The autonomous driving industry has undergone leaps and bounds of research to reach the mainstream market, with major players investing heavily to improve the technology further. Industry and academia are currently working to make the technology safe, reliable and robust. Autonomous racing provides this opportunity, to improve the technology to the point, where it can utilize the full physical capability of the vehicle in a wide range of operational conditions. Multiple functionalities are required to make the car autonomous, this thesis focuses on the path planning module for autonomous racing. We evaluated the performance of dynamic models, using different adaptive dynamic constraints, implemented for path planning.

    The evaluation is based on framework for optimization based motion planning[1] The optimization problem is solved by "Sampling Augmented Real Time Iteration (SAARTI) motion planning scheme". Four different models were studied during this thesis and include dynamic bicycle models, with static and dynamic constraints. Parameters affecting the planning performance were identified, and the trade-off between model complexity and planning horizon, was investigated by varying these parameters and the differences in performance was studied. The generalizability of results for different driving conditions was investigated for these parameter configurations. Batch simulations were performed to account for various possible scenarios of different parameter configurations, to ensure results closest to reality. The simulation was conducted with, hardware in the loop setup running the planning node, to get a realistic estimation of the computation resources.

    Batch simulations were instrumental in showing interesting trends of how the input parameters affected the planning performance. Simulations provided extensive proof of the different dynamic constraints improving the planning performance, over the basic dynamic model under extreme driving conditions.

    When reviewing the results from the simulations, the traction adaptive model showed robust and consistent performance. The results showed that combining friction estimation and load adaption, increased the ability to plan for local variations, reduced failure and improved laptime. When designing a planner for a race car that is exposed for local variations, the friction estimation is needed to reduce errors and the load adaption is needed for better handling of the vehicle to perform critical maneuvers.

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  • 38.
    Abraham, Adonai
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Göranson, Max
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Att tänka utanför arket: En kartläggning över samarbeten som lett till produktinnovationer inom svensk pappers- och massaindustri 2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decade has the market for printing paper begun to decline. The introduction of the smart phones and tablets quickly became a disturbing factor for the printing paper companies. This has forced the product development in the Swedish pulp and paper companies, to a greater extent, to look at more radical innovations. This requires the exploration of new applications and possibilities for the forest resource, an approach that requires expertise beyond what the companies possess internally.

    This study aims to investigate various forms of collaboration within the Swedish pulp and paper industry to identify factors that have been and are successful for product innovations. The aim has also been to investigate whether there is a change in the character of collaborations in the last 25 years. The participating companies in the study were

    SCA, Södra Cell, Holmen/MoDo, Stora Enso, BillerudKorsnäs, and Rottneros, plus some of their collaboration companies.

    The results show that the forms of collaboration in which the Swedish forest industry cooperate have changed considerably. The industry has begun to seek more cooperation with other industries, while collaboration with competitors has decreased. It seems to have become more important to regulate collaborative agreements, primarily how the intangible resources, like patents, are distributed among the participants in collaborations.

    Another conclusion is that there is a link between collaboration and the success of a firm’s product innovation. Companies are dependent on external knowledge for the success of radical innovations and a broad knowledge base is preferable to best be able to generate product innovations. External knowledge could, for example, help companies increase their understanding of other or new markets and may thus be a way to find new uses for the valuable raw material forest offers.

    Key words: radical innovation, collaboration, Swedish pulp and paper industry

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    Att tänka utanför arket
  • 39.
    Abraham, Gabriel Kaduvinal
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Design and Development of an Experimental Test Rig for Heat Sinks2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Heat sinks are used mainly to take away the excessive heat which are produced in a component. This transfer of heat enables a smooth operation of the system with the heat generating component. The efficiency of heat sink is often dependent on the amount of heat it can take away within the smallest duration of time. Several designs and manufacturing techniques have been developed to improve this performance of heat sinks.

    This project aims at building a test rig which can be used to test the efficiency of heat sinks. The test rig should be designed to be modular, i.e. it should be able to test heat sinks of different sizes and also adhering to the design requirements. The project started with a broad information search on heat sinks and different testing methods. A system architecture was formulated for this test rig as a beginning stage and to find the different architectural components. The main principal components were selected fulfilling the design requirements. A chiller with pump, a flow meter with controller, temperature and pressure sensors and piping’s including a flexible pipe were the main components of the system created. When the specific components were chosen, the design was embodied and the components were arranged in a compact manner as a SolidEdge CAD-model. After several design iterations, a final design was selected. The experimental test rig was then built in the flow lab. The built experimental test setup is able to be adjusted to install heat sinks of different sizes making it modular in design. Future work to improve the performance of the test rig is also suggested.

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  • 40.
    Abrahamsson, Hanna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Karlsson, Linn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Case Study: Digitization of a User Interface: Investigating the use of a touch screen in Helicopter 142020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A user interface should be intuitive to allow efficient and safe execution of tasks. Helicopter 14 (HKP 14) has operator consoles with an analog user interface, called Programmable Keys (PK), to control a Mission Management System (MMS). The idea of replacing the PK with touch technology has arisen. To understand operators’ working environment, this case study was conducted with inspiration from ethnography. The PK have been studied by reading system manuals and familiarizing with the MMS in Saab’s test rigs and in HKP 14. This study aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges with implementing a touch screen to replace the current PK. Interviews have been conducted with operators and one technician working with HKP 14. To highlight additional perspectives on usage of touch technology, interviews with employees at FMV and Saab were carried out. This study found both benefits and drawbacks with implementing a touch screen in the helicopter. The most common concern was that touch screens lack tactile feedback. This study exemplifies how physical support can be achieved on a touch screen and how a Graphical User Interface (GUI) can be designed with regards to this.

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  • 41.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Danmo, Johan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    The Stabilizing Spoon: Self-stabilizing utensil to help people with impaired motor skills2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The technology for assisting people who are functionallychallenged has improved over the recent decades. With today’stechnology, people with Parkinson’s disease can, witha device on their wrist, be able to draw pictures. Humanlimbs lost due to accidents can be replaced with bionic limbsand with help from smartphones, blind people can by audiobe informed what kind of object that appear in frontof them. These are a few examples where technology haseased everyday life for people with impaired functionality.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how an Arduino microcontrollercan be utilized to help people with impairedmotor skills during their eating process. A prototype of astabilizing spoon was constructed to work under real circumstancesand intended to be a complement for peoplewho are in need of assistance during their eating process.To make this possible, a sensor with gyroscopes combinedwith accelerometers was used to identify which directionthe device’s handle was being tilted, as well as how fastits position was changed. Two servo motors were placedorthogonally to each other to establish a system of two degreesof freedom. With this setup, the spoon was intendedto maintain its spoon bowl in a horizontal position. Experimentalresults of the spoon showed promising performancewith some limitations.

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  • 42.
    Abukar, Hared
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Al Saati, Firas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Weda pool cleaner Concept P1002016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to develop a new drivetrain for Wedas current robot pool cleaner W50. Currently, the pump is integrated in the drivetrain which contains only one motor running both wheels and pump. This causes a critical problem affecting cleaning when encountering inclinations in the pool, the robot slides down the slope. To get a better understanding of how the product works, the project group made study visits to Weda. The group documented and observed how the current model and its components are mounted. Interviews were conducted with caretakers and janitors at various municipal swimming pools and hotel pools to get a deeper understanding of how these robot pool cleaners are used and what areas for improvement that exists. The research was used as a foundation for suggestions of new and alternative components for the new concept. The different solutions were then evaluated using a decision matrix to determine which components should be included in the final concept. The work has been carried out in close cooperation with Adigo Drives, which assisted the group with their expertise regarding motors and powertrains. The results culminated in a final concept with a new powertrain and a lower weight than the existing robot.

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  • 43.
    ACHKOUDIR, HOUSSAM
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Hanna, Naowar
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Studie av verkningsgrad potentialen för ett vatten baserat Waste Heat Recovery system med kolvexpander2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    AbstractAn evaporator was mounted in the EGR loop of a 12,7 liter Scania Euro V engine (DC1306). A model describing the Rankine cycle was developed with water as refrigerant in the simulation tool GT-Power. The evaporator in the GT-Power model was calibrated with experimental data.The simulations showed that the optimal vapor pressure where the maximum power available from the expander is obtained depends on the EGR temperature. Higher EGR inlet temperature leads to increased optimal vapor pressure. The EGR temperature in case 2 of the ESC cycle is 514 °C for the engine above, this result in an optimal vapor pressure of 120 bar according to the simulation. The optimum level of superheating was analyzed, which means the amount of degrees the vapor temperature is raised at a constant pressure after all the water is evaporated. The simulations show that the highest power in the expander was obtained when the steam was superheated by 10 degrees, i.e. the lowest level of superheating. The steam power after the evaporator is highest at the lowest level of superheating, because of the higher refrigerant flow.Simulations show that the EGR temperature has a bigger impact than the EGR flow. One way to increase the EGR temperature is by supplementary burning, which means injecting fuel into the exhaust pipe. Calculations show that it is more profitable to inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber. Increasing the EGR inlet temperature with 150 °C would result in 2,5 kW higher power output from the expander. Injecting the same fuel flow in the combustion chamber the engine power output increases with 5,2 kW.Operating point 2 in the ESC cycle reduces the fuel consumption with 1,4 % if run at the optimal steam pressure of 120 bar and 10 degrees of superheated vapor. The reduction of the fuel consumption would be 3,41 %, if the power in the exhaust mass flow would be utilized by integrating another evaporator after the turbine.

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  • 44.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Interdisciplinary integration in complex product development: managerial implications of embedding software in manufactured goods2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Incorporating electronics and software systems into manufactured goods is becoming very common in manufacturing companies. New technical functions, increased flexibility, and compensation for mechanical design weaknesses are some key drivers of this technological change in our everyday products. The automotive industry exemplifies this trend, since approximately 80–90% of new functions in cars are based on electronics and software, and it is expected that at least a third of the total cost of a car will eventually be accounted for by electronics and software. However, one of the main downsides of this technological trend is the increasing number of quality issues related to these new technologies, something usually claimed to be a result of the increased product development complexity.

    Previous research into product development management has mainly concentrated on either physical products or software systems, but not concurrently on both. Additionally, much of the research has concentrated on issues of integrating marketing, R&D, and manufacturing in these companies, and has treated the engineering disciplines in R&D as a homogenous group. Motivated by this change in technology content and the lack of research into complex product development and especially into integration between engineering disciplines, the present work investigates how to increase operational performance in multidisciplinary engineering organizations. This work has especially focused on interdisciplinary integration and the feasibility of various so-called integration mechanisms, such as building common physical facilities, job rotation programs, the implementation and use of information and communications technology, and computer-aided engineering tools.

    Both qualitative and quantitative research has been performed, involving 11 different companies and over 300 respondents. Supported by the present findings, it is demonstrated that interdisciplinary integration is a crucial factor to consider, and it is concluded that certain integration mechanisms stand out as more important than others. Organizational structure, work procedures and methods, training, social systems, and computer-aided engineering were the five types of mechanisms that displayed the greatest potential for improvement.

    It is further concluded that the ability to successfully match the body of practices to current products is essential, since there is a high risk of current practices becoming out-dated with respect to the technology content. Furthermore, inadequate identification of or managerial ability to establish the currently most important interfaces complicate the choice of trade-offs between various technologies that are found to be essential to cope with the inherent dynamic complexity. The organizational powerbase is often re-positioned in the studied organizations, and the loss of decisive power can result in a demoralizing ignorance of newly established disciplines and their design practices. Additionally, rigid structures and counterproductive traditions can reduce the potential gains accruing from new boundary-spanning innovations, so organizational responsibilities and mandates must be declared unambiguously, in many cases differently from how they have been in the past.

    Based on these conclusions, it is suggested that managers in organizations like those studied must be able to do the following: cultivate software knowledge in all parts and levels of the product development organization; reassess their recruitment strategies; organize for interdisciplinary collaboration; articulate and communicate the technology fusion strategy to all disciplines; and realize and disseminate the fact that product launches do not only concern manufacturability.

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  • 45.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Management of mechatronics engineering: reflections and propositions2005In: Proceedings of 12th International Product Development ManagementConference, vol. 1, 2005, Vol. 1(3), p. 35-48Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Mechatronics engineering: New requirements on cross-functional integration2005Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Several industrial sectors experience an increased reliance on mechatronic systems as electronics and software are being embedded into the traditional mechanical systems of these industries. Important challenges within mechatronics engineering comes from management of multi-disciplinary development project teams and the highly complex scope of problems, which in turn require extensive coordination and integration, both in terms of technical and organisational matters.

    The concept of cross-functional integration in product development research has in previous research mainly addressed integration of the functions marketing, R&D, and manufacturing, and whereas the present thesis is delimited to include only the R&D organization and the functions and engineering disciplines within such an organization.

    The purpose with thesis has been to investigate mechatronics engineering in order to understand and explain how co-operation, integration, and knowledge sharing between engineering disciplines can be supported.

    This research has been realized by empirical studies in mechatronic development settings in engineering companies, but also by taking part in industrial and academic research projects that develop and study computer-aided mechatronics engineering.

    Findings presented in this thesis show that mechatronics is a matter of integration at three organizational levels where the most substantial needs are found to be at the team-level and the individual level. Furthermore, it is identified that to be able to succeed in mechatronics engineering, managers and engineers must look beyond disciplinary needs. Subsequently, both teamwork and competence management become key issues for management of mechatronics engineering. Finally, computer-supported and model-based development of mechatronics show great potential for successful integration of engineering disciplines, even though such technological aids are still rather immature and needs further research and development. A tentative analysis model of organizational integration for mechatronics engineering is also presented and discussed in this thesis.

    Based on the presented findings, it is concluded that companies incorporating electronics and software in their mechanical products must effectively manage software and electronics development of these embedded systems. Despite the focus on cross-functional integration in engineering companies, this thesis shows examples of inadequate integration of software and electronics engineering with mechanical integration in organisations dominated by the latter.

    Future research studies are needed to investigate the relation between factors influencing the need for organizational integration and potential integration mechanisms. To further understand mechatronics engineering it is important to look deeper into research issues such as changed conditions for the engineering profession implied by multidisciplinary settings, social systems supporting integration of disciplines, changed work conditions due to implementation of technological aids for model-based system development, relationship between product and organizational complexity, organizational designs supporting integration of engineering disciplines, and cross-disciplinary training of highly specialized engineers.

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  • 47.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Grimheden, Martin
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Mechatronics.
    The Product Developer: Education and Professional Role2007In: Proceedings of ICED 2007, the 16th International Conference on Engineering Design, 2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to present results from a study examining the relation between the educational background and professional roles with engineers engaged in product development. Derived from previous studies, the product development engineer ought to be a multifaceted engineer, knowledgeable and skilled in several fields. This engineer should work interdisciplinary, integrative and with the aim to be creative and innovative. By using a substantial data set consisting of 300 engineers in Swedish product development organizations, we derive some important research propositions. The data shows that there are correlations between organizational responsibilities and educational program, in particular regarding focus on design, system integration, project management and technical coordination. If we want to understand how the engineering education affects the professional role of an engineer; we believe that it is critical to further investigate the developed propositions. One example is mechanical engineers; the data shows that the studied mechanical engineers rarely work with design. Our proposition is therefore to investigate the identity and legitimacy of these programs to further clarify the professional role.

  • 48.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Malvius, Diana
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Formal and informal roles in complex product development2005In: 2005 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, Vols 1 and 2, 2005, p. 559-563Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper illustrates the importance of well-articulated and demarcated roles in complex product development settings. In order to support interdisciplinary knowledge and information sharing formally assigned roles in an organization can be an effective facilitator. It is argued that without comprehensive technical knowledge it is difficult for individuals to identify the relevance and distinctiveness of technical and administrative information.

  • 49.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Zika-Viktorsson, Annika
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).
    Challenges and outlooks for software and electrical engineering in traditional mechanical engineering companies: an investigation into workforce implications2006Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Adamsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Zika-Viktorsson, Annika
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Design (Div.).
    Multidisciplinary product development: - a case study of mechatronics enineeringArticle in journal (Other academic)
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