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  • 1. Aaltonen, Mikko
    et al.
    Skardhamar, Torbjørn
    Nilsson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Højsgaard Andersen, Lars
    Bäckman, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Estrada, Felipe
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Danielsson, Petri
    Comparing Employment Trajectories before and after First Imprisonment in Four Nordic Countries2017In: British Journal of Criminology, ISSN 0007-0955, E-ISSN 1464-3529, Vol. 57, no 4, p. 828-847Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Employment plays a crucial role in the re-entry process and in reducing recidivism among offenders released from prison. But at the same time, imprisonment is generally regarded as harmful to post-release employment prospects. Little is known, however, about whether or not offenders’ employment trajectories before and after imprisonment are similar across countries. As a first step towards filling this gap in research, this paper provides evidence on employment trajectories before and after imprisonment in four Nordic welfare states: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Using data gathered from administrative records on incarcerated offenders, the analysis focuses on individuals imprisoned for the first time and who served a prison sentence less than one year in length. Results show that although employment trajectories develop in mostly similar ways before and after imprisonment across these countries, important differences exist.

  • 2.
    Adolphson, Theres
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Boujmel Lind, Miriam
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ”Dömd på förhand”: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys om hur media skapar och upprätthåller stereotypa skildringar av muslimer och förmodade muslimer utifrån tryckt nyhetsmediers gestaltning av Boliden-fallet2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Nyhetsmedier skapar och upprätthåller allmänhetens föreställningar och förståelser om de ämnen som de rapporterar om. De har möjlighet att bland annat påverka allmänhetens föreställningar om särskilda grupper i samhället – däribland muslimer och förmodade muslimer. Denna grupp stereotypiseras som terrorister som utgör ett okontrollerbart hot mot det västerländska samhället. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att undersöka hur medier upprätthåller dessa stereotypa skildringar av muslimer och förmodade muslimer.

    Detta undersöks genom att studera hur den misstänkte gärningspersonen i det så kallade Boliden-fallet framställs av medier och vidare hur det kan förstås genom de teoretiska begreppen stigmatisering och andrafiering. Materialet till studien består av artiklar publicerade mellan den 18 november och 6 december 2015 i Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Svenska Dagbladet, Norran och Västerbottens-Kuriren. Artiklarna undersöktes genom en tematisk analys där tre huvudteman identifierades (1) misstänkliggörandet av mannen och misstänkliggörandet av muslimer (2) hotet mot Sverige och (3) säkerhetspolisen och mediernas roll.

    Resultaten av studien visar att mannen i Boliden-fallet initialt beskrivs av medierna genom etnicitet och som ett hot mot Sverige och utan bekräftade uppgifter stämplas han som en sympatisör till terrororganisationen IS. Studiens slutsats är att medierna har en betydande roll för rekonstruerandet av maktordningen i samhället då individer och grupper utanför normen stereotypiseras. Mediernas gestaltning av Boliden-fallet visar hur de skapar en falsk förståelse för terrorism och hur det kan leda till att muslimer och förmodade muslimer stereotypiseras av allmänheten.

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  • 3.
    Ahlstedt, Isabell
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Olausson, Johanna
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ”Den som begår vuxenbrott bör få vuxenstraff”: -en textanalys av mediala argument kring straffreduktionens slopande2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka vilka argument som presenteras i debatten om straffreduktionen i svensk media samt hur dessa perspektiv kan förstås i förhållande till kriminalpolitiska begrepp. Argumenten som har identifierats i mediaartiklarna har sedan presenterats och jämfört hur de förhållit sig till Statens offentliga utredning 2018:85 (SOU 2018:85). Uppsatsen genomfördes med straffrättsteorierna och straffrättspolitiken som teoretisk grund. Materialet bestod av argumenterande artiklar från dags- och kvällstidningar samt begränsades till de som publicerats efter SOU 2018:85 (18 december 2018). Vi utgick från en positivistisk vetenskapsteori och använde oss av en tematisk analysmetod.

    Resultatet visar att bland argumenten för straffreduktionens slopande återfanns förtroende för både individualprevention, allmänprevention och vedergällning. Återkommande ansåg dessa straffrättsteorier ha goda förutsättningar för att hantera och minska brottsnivåerna i samhället och flera skribenter ansåg att dessa var ett måste för att motverka grov kriminalitet. De som argumenterade emot slopandet förkastade dock de ovannämnda teorierna, där kunde i stället proportionalitetsprincipen och humanitetsprincipen identifieras.

    De som argumenterar emot straffreduktionens slopande förhåller sig i större utsträckning till SOU 2018:85 då de menar att slopandet inte kommer verka brottspreventivt och potentiellt kan leda till höjda brottsnivåer i framtiden. De som argumenterar för slopandet hänvisar i större utsträckning till det allmänna rättsmedvetandet då fokus ligger kring rättvisa och upprättelse. Vilket indikerar att debatten har en linje av offensiv straffrättspolitik.

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  • 4.
    Ahlénius, Emily
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    A Qualitative Analysis of the JudicialAspects of Child-Sex Tourism inThailand2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Every year Thailand is invaded by tourists seeking the sun and white beautiful beaches. Most of them come for the inexpensive travel and lodging, good food and kind inviting people. For some of them the purpose of visit is somewhat different: every year there are people travelling to Thailand with the purpose to sexually exploit children. The world wide globalisation has contributed to a massive growth in tourism which has brought an economical growth to the country. This in turn has had some negative effects, where the poor rural areas are largely affected by inequality and the dream of a better lifestyle. Economical disadvantage, lack of education and the absence of capable guardians affect children’s vulnerability and make them an easy target for child-sex tourism. I argue that potential child-sex tourists travel to Thailand due to a perception of the prevalence of easy targets affected by people in a society that is not always aware of what is happening around them as well as due to a common perception that Thailand has a weak legal system. Based on this assumption and with the theoretical basis of routine activity and rational choice I research if there is a reason to believe that the legal system is corrupt. I believe that a combination of the three elements provided routine activity as well as analysing a phenomenon through rational choice can open up to answers of why perpetrators chose Thailand as their child-sex vacation hot-spot. To address the aim of my study I conducted six semi-structured interviews with people working in Bangkok, Thailand. From these interviews I first explain the process leading to the prosecution of Swedish child-sex tourists in Thailand and, second, uncover and examine potential difficulties in this process. In the result of this study a few of the answers differ substantially from previous studies as well as some of the interviewees sharing controversial opinions. The results of the conducted interviews show three identifiable weaknesses that play a large part in the problems of the judicial process. These three are: education, bail and cooperation between authorities.

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  • 5.
    Al Weswasi, Enes
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Spending blood for oil in Nigeria: a frame analysis of Shell’s neutralisation of acts that led to corporate-initiated state crime2019In: Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, ISSN 0029-1528, Vol. 106, no 3, p. 280-296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The environmental impact of Shell Oil Company in Nigeria has resulted in large-scale protests. Despite their peaceful nature, these protests have been met with lethal violence by the Nigerian security forces. Accusations have been levelled against Shell for liability for human rights violations, but the company has denied responsibility. Previously confidential correspondence between Shell and Nigerian officials has come to show that the company has repeatedly persuaded security personnel to act against the protests. This article examines how Shell framed its desire for the Nigerian state to suppress the protests against the company. It does so by analysing the published documents, based on the theoretical framework provided by Stanley Cohen’s (1993) concepts regarding the neutralisation of criminal acts, and specifically, the neutralisation technique of appealing to higher loyalties. This is a technique adopted by companies when they use the greater good as a rationale for minimising their responsibility for harmful acts. The correspondence between Shell and Nigerian officials shows that Shell continuously urged the Nigerian officials to take action by referring to the company’s contribution to economic and social development in the region, even after their calls for action had been shown to have resulted in human rights abuses. In describing these rationales, the article highlights a case of corporate-initiated state crime, a form of crime that involves corporations inducing state actors to commit harmful acts.

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  • 6.
    Al Weswasi, Enes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Sivertsson, Fredrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences. University of Oslo, Norway.
    Bäckman, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Nilsson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Does sentence length affect the risk for criminal recidivism? A quasi-experimental study of three policy reforms in Sweden2023In: Journal of Experimental Criminology, ISSN 1573-3750, E-ISSN 1572-8315, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 971-999Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives This study examines the relationship between incarceration time and post-release recidivism among first-time incarcerated adult offenders.

    Methods A quasi-experimental design was adopted consisting of three policy reforms that were treated as separate natural experiments. While holding imposed sentence length constant, these policy reforms either decreased or increased the required share of a sentence inmates needed to be incarcerated before being eligible for parole. Data consisted of large-scale administrative records containing all convictions for the Swedish cohorts born in 1958 and later.

    Results Results indicate that neither increased nor decreased incarceration time had a statistically significant effect on post-release recidivism, irrespective of how recidivism was measured.

    Conclusions Findings reveal little evidence for incarceration time having a criminogenic or specific preventive effect on post-release recidivism.

  • 7.
    Al Weswasi, Enes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Öjes, Elenore
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    We Fear Them and They Fear Us: An interview study on youths' perception of trust-building policing2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 8.
    Alberts, Alice
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Blå linjens farliga närhet: konstruktionen av en nutida moralpanik2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Under flera års tid har det uppkommit starka reaktioner kring “problemen” i stadsdelen Hornsbergs strand, där allt från nedskräpning till kriminella handlingar inbegrips. I media beskrivs det som en form av konflikt mellan boende och besökare där frågor om vad syftet med den bör vara och för vilka den finns gör sig gällande. Med tidningsartiklar och ett medborgarförslag från boende i området ämnar denna studie att undersöka hur “konflikten” konstrueras och framställs genom språkliga praktiker samt hur den kan sägas spegla större samhälleliga frågor och tendenser såsom andrefieringsprocesser i staden, rädslor för Den Andre och föreställningar om avvikelse och kriminalitet. Med tillämpningen av teorierna om moralpanik, vita rum och affektteori tyder resultaten på att “problemet” konstrueras som enkombination av mindre handlingar rörande oordning och grovt kriminella handlingar samt kopplas ihop med besökare i området, vilka framställs som potentiellt kriminella, tillhörandes blå linjens förorter och en sär-skild, hotande kultur. Genom andrifierings- och rasifieringsprocesser under moralpaniken blir besökare till känsloobjekt vilket skapar avstånd samtidigt som det binder samman ett kollektivt, moraliserande och hotat “vi”. Studien synliggör även alternativa reaktioner på “konflikten” och problematiserar moralpanikteorins tillämpbarhet på moderna fall. Genom att reflektera kring källorna till den lokala “konflikten” samt dess implikationer erbjuder studien en fördjupad förståelse för hur sociala problem konstrueras, vilket erkännande de kan få, samt hur vi genom språkliga praktiker förstår och ser på avvikelse och kriminalitet, där vissa under starka sociala reaktioner har lättare att klibbas ihop med vissa känslor och med vad vi förstår som opassande, avvikande eller kriminellt.

  • 9.
    Alm, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Dreams meeting reality? A gendered perspective on the relationship between occupational preferences in early adolescence and actual occupation in adulthood2015In: Journal of Youth Studies, ISSN 1367-6261, E-ISSN 1469-9680, Vol. 18, no 8, p. 1077-1095Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    On the basis of longitudinal data from Sweden (n = 15,211), the article offers a gendered perspective on the relationship between occupational preferences during early adolescence and actual occupations in adulthood. Theoretically the study is based on socialisation theory and devaluation theory. The analyses show that preferences for one's future occupation were stronger among those who came to make gender-typical choices, than among those who chose a gender-atypical occupation. However, a gender difference was also found in that girls who came to choose a male dominated occupation showed a stronger preference for their future occupation in adolescence, than boys who came to choose a female dominated occupation. Results also showed that at a general level, the occupations in adulthood were even more gender segregated than the preferences in adolescence. This was particularly true for girls, who in adolescence expressed a stronger preference to work in a male dominated occupations, than they would later actually do.

  • 10.
    Alm, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology. Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Drug abuse and life-chances—Do childhood conditions matter? Results from a Swedish life course study2017In: Advances in Life Course Research, E-ISSN 1040-2608, Vol. 32, p. 1-11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is well known that people whose childhoods are characterized by various types of resource deficiencies are at significantly higher risk than others of developing serious drug-abuse. Having confirmed the existence of this correlation in the study's data set, this study asked whether the different childhood conditions experienced by individuals with serious drug-abuse problems continue to affect their life chances once these problems have become established, or whether the drug abuse appears to produce such radically new life conditions that childhood conditions no longer play a significant role. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Birth Cohort study which includes data on a cohort of individuals (n = 15,117) from birth to middle age, and in addition to measurements of social and economic problems during childhood, the analysis also included a measurement of the family's socio-economic status and a measurement of the individual's own childhood resources in the form of school performance. Drug abuse was measured using an indicator of whether the individual had been admitted for inpatient treatment with a drug-related diagnosis at least once at ages 16–30 (n = 229). On basis of Cox and OLS regression models, the most important conclusion from the study was that heavy drug-abuse seems to involve such a fundamental change to individuals' life situation that variations in childhood conditions lose a substantial amount of their power to explain subsequent life course outcomes. However, the study did find a tendency for SES of family of origin to be related to mortality risk up to age 56, in that those from less privileged homes died to a somewhat higher extent. Individuals from more privileged homes did not manage to recover to a higher extent though, but tended to remain in heavy abuse. The study found no relationship between childhood conditions and recovery from heavy abuse.

  • 11.
    Alm, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Jag ska bli professor jag, tralala: Ett genusperspektiv på vad 1960-talets unga ville bli och vad de senare blev2019In: Att odla kriminologi: Perspektiv på brott och utsatthet. En festskrift till Eva Tiby / [ed] Anita Heber, Lena Roxell, Stockholm: Kriminologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet , 2019, p. 293-307Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Alm, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Social inkludering och inställning till omfördelning: Kvinnors attityder i en historisk brytningstid [Social inclusion and attitudes to redistribution. Women’s attitudes in an era of transition]2022In: Sociologisk forskning, ISSN 0038-0342, E-ISSN 2002-066X, Vol. 59, no 3, p. 279-298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The social rights of citizenship are conditioned on labor market participation. While quite a lot of research has focused on how, e.g., income and type of employment contract are related to attitudes towards welfare redistribution, less interest has been paid to the effect of being active on the labor at all, or not, for those attitudes. This study uses previously unexplored interview data with some 3,000 married women collected in 1968, at the time when married women entered the labor market in large numbers and the housewife era ended. Theoretically, the study departs from a discussion of self-interest and/or care oriented thinking as possible determinants of attitudes to redistribution. The results show that women who were active on the labor market, with control for other factors, tended to be more positive to redistribution than women in unpaid work. Translated into today's discussion of why women tend to be more positive to redistribution than men, the results can be said to point away from explanations in terms of care-oriented thinking, and rather to factors like, e.g., self-interest.

  • 13.
    Alm, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Ungas framtidstro2014In: Den långa vägen till arbetsmarknaden: om unga utanför / [ed] Jonas Olofsson, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2014, 1, p. 297-309Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Alm, Susanne
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    What happened to the Swedish problem drug users of the 1960's and 1970's?2015In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, ISSN 1455-0725, E-ISSN 1458-6126, Vol. 32, no 2, p. 109-132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS & DESIGN - In this study we follow a Stockholm birth cohort born in 1953 (n = 14 294) from youth to middle age. The cohort members were in their teenage years when drug abuse was established as a considerable threat to Swedish society and some of the cohort members themselves became drug abusers (n=431). RESULTS - As expected, life became dramatically worse for those with documented drug abuse when young, than for the rest of the cohort members. While 72 percent of those without documented drug abuse were socially included at the age of 56, the corresponding share among those with documented drug abuse was 18 per cent. And while 5 percent in the former group were diseased at 56, this was true for 38 percent in the latter group. Supplementary analyses showed that social inclusion was also less stable among those with documented drug abuse than among the rest of the cohort, and that the flow from exclusion to inclusion was virtually nonexistent, which was not the case for those without experience of drug abuse. CONCLUSIONS - Gender specific analyses showed that the situation, at least in absolute terms, tended to be even worse for male drug abusers than for women. Gender differences in alcohol abuse, criminality, and with respect to parenthood are suggested as possible explanations to be further studied in future research.

  • 15.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Brolin Låftman, Sara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Bohman, Hannes
    Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient somatic care across the life course: Findings from a 1953 cohort2021In: SSM - Population Health, ISSN 2352-8273, Vol. 14, article id 100807Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Prior research has shown that poor family relations during upbringing have long-term detrimental effects on mental health. Few previous studies have, however, focused on somatic health outcomes and studies rarely cover the life span until retirement age. The aims of the current study were, firstly, to examine the association between poor family relationships in adolescence and in-patient somatic care across the life course whilst adjusting for confounders at baseline and concurrent psychiatric in-patient care; and secondly, to compare the risks of somatic and psychiatric in-patient care across the life course.

    Methods: Prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were used, with 2636 participants born in 1953 who were followed up until 2016. Information on family relationships was collected from the participants' mothers in 1968. Annual information on in-patient somatic and psychiatric care was retrieved from official register data from 1969 to 2016.

    Results: Poisson regressions showed that poor family relationships in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of in-patient somatic care in mid- and especially in late adulthood (ages 44-53 and 54-63 years), even when controlling for the co-occurrence of psychiatric illness and a range of childhood conditions. No statistically significant association was observed in early adulthood (ages 16-43 years), when controlling for confounders. These findings are in sharp contrast to the analyses of inpatient psychiatric care, according to which the association with poor family relations was strongest in early adulthood and thereafter attenuated across the life course.

    Conclusion: Poor family relationships in adolescence are associated with an increased risk of severe consequences for somatic health lasting to late adulthood even when controlling for confounders including in-patient psychiatric care, emphasising the potentially important role of early interventions.

  • 16.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Brolin Låftman, Sara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences.
    Sandahl, Julia
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Modin, Bitte
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences.
    School effectiveness and students' future orientation: A multilevel analysis of upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden2019In: Journal of Adolescence, ISSN 0140-1971, E-ISSN 1095-9254, Vol. 70, p. 62-73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Future orientation (FO) refers to individuals' beliefs and feelings about their future. Earlier research has primarily investigated correlates of FO at the individual and family level, but it seems likely that FO is also shaped by other central agents or institutions, such as the school. Earlier studies have found positive associations between “school effectiveness” and student performance, and negative associations in relation to e.g., bullying, delinquency, and health risk behaviors. The current study investigated three teacher-reported features of school effectiveness - school leadership, teacher cooperation and consensus, and school ethos - and their links with student-reported FO.

    Methods

    Survey data were collected in 2016 among 5131 students (aged 17–18 years) and 1061 teachers in 46 upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden, and merged with school-level register data. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

    Results

    The analyses showed that higher teacher ratings of school leadership and school ethos were associated with a greater likelihood of reporting an optimistic FO among students. Teacher cooperation and consensus was however not associated with students' FO.

    Conclusion

    The findings indicate that the school environment contributes to shaping students' beliefs about their future. Thus, enhancing features of school effectiveness may be a way of promoting a positive development and brighter objective future prospects for the young, via pathways such as good student-teacher relations and academic motivation and achievement.

  • 17.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Brolin Låftman, Sara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS).
    Sivertsson, Fredrik
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Bohman, Hannes
    Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course: A prospective cohort study2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 48, no 7, p. 726-732Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Previous research has shown that poor family relations in childhood are associated with adverse mental health in adulthood. Yet, few studies have followed the offspring until late adulthood, and very few have had access to register-based data on hospitalisation due to psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relations in adolescence and the likelihood of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course up until age 55. Methods: Data were derived from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study, with information on 2638 individuals born in 1953. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants' mothers in 1968. Information on in-patient psychiatric treatment was derived from administrative registers from 1969 to 2008. Binary logistic regression was used. Results: Poor family relations in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of later in-patient treatment for a psychiatric diagnosis, even when adjusting for other adverse conditions in childhood. Further analyses showed that poor family relations in adolescence were a statistically significant predictor of in-patient psychiatric care up until age 36-45, but that the strength of the association attenuated over time. Conclusions: Poor family relationships during upbringing can have serious negative mental-health consequences that persist into mid-adulthood. However, the effect of poor family relations seems to abate with age. The findings point to the importance of effective interventions in families experiencing poor relationships.

  • 18.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Bäckman, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Openness to Gender Atypical Occupations in Youth: Do Peer Groups and School Classes Matter?2015In: Journal of Early Adolescence, ISSN 0272-4316, E-ISSN 1552-5449, Vol. 35, no 1, p. 97-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article analyses aspects of gender composition and social dominance in peer groups and school classes and their effects on the degree of openness to gender-atypical occupations in young adolescents. The data set used contains information for some 13,000 girls and boys living in Stockholm in the early 1960s. Results from multi-level regressions show that gender composition is significantly related to openness to gender-atypical occupations at peer-group level only. As the causal direction of this relationship can be questioned, the result should be interpreted with caution. Concerning aspects of dominance, quite substantive effects on individual openness to gender-atypical occupations are found for girls, albeit not for boys. Thus, for girls, the degree of openness to gender-atypical occupations of the most central girl in the school class significantly affects the degree of openness to gender-atypical occupations of individual girls in that school class.

  • 19.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Bäckman, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ‘When it rains, it pours’: Housing evictions and criminal convictions in Sweden2022In: European Journal of Criminology, ISSN 1477-3708, E-ISSN 1741-2609, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 612-631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Precarious housing and criminal behaviour are both important elements in processes of marginalization and cumulative disadvantage. It is well known that housing eviction primarily affects the weakest groups in society. In this article we ask if housing eviction has an independent effect on subsequent criminality and if the effect varies across different types of crime (utilitarian, violent and drug crime). Using propensity score matching on administrative register data covering all housing evictions in Sweden 2009, linked with crime registers and registers containing other relevant background information, we find that eviction increases the conviction rates for all analysed crime types, utilitarian crime in particular.

  • 20.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Institutet för framtidsstudier.
    Bäckman, Olof
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Gavanas, Anna
    Institutet för framtidsstudier.
    Nilsson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Perspektiv på utanförskap2011In: Utanförskap / [ed] Susanne Alm, Olof Bäckman, Anna Gavanas och Anders Nilsson, Stockholm: Dialogos Förlag, 2011, 1, p. 7-23Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Institutet för framtidsstudier.
    Bäckman, OlofStockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).Gavanas, AnnaInstitutet för framtidsstudier.Nilsson, AndersStockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Utanförskap2011Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI). Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Estrada, Felipe
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Future Prospects, Deprivation, and Criminality – A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study2018In: Deviant behavior, ISSN 0163-9625, E-ISSN 1521-0456, Vol. 39, no 10, p. 1280-1293Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article explores the longitudinal relationship between subjective and objective deprivation in early adolescence on the one hand, and criminal offending in adolescence and early adulthood on the other. Data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Study (n = 15,117), containing information from surveys and registers are used. Bivariate analyses confirm a relationship between low socioeconomic status and both subjective and objective deprivation. Subjective deprivation alone is related to offending only for those from less privileged background. Subjective and objective deprivation in combination is associated with a higher risk of offending for all individuals, although the less privileged background, the higher the risk.

  • 23. Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Nilsson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Cause for concern or moral panic? The prospects of the Swedish mods in retrospect2011In: Journal of Youth Studies, ISSN 1367-6261, E-ISSN 1469-9680, Vol. 14, no 7, p. 777-793Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish mods of the 1960s frightened the parental generation like few other youth cultures. Was the concern justified – was the mod culture a hotbed of social maladjustment? Or would the mods come to live conventional lives to the same extent as their peers? We present analyses from a large longitudinal study allowing for a follow-up of individuals identifying with the Swedish mod culture in the late 1960s. Overall, the results point in the least dramatic direction: In mid-life, the vast majority of the former mods lived ordinary lives with work and family. When considering identification with the mod culture only, we do find an over-risk for becoming a social dropout. However, an elaborated analysis identifies the foundations of these problems already in early childhood, i.e. prior to the identification with the mod culture. Social problems in the family may have encouraged these youngsters to turn to a youth culture, but this identification in itself did not contribute to vulnerability. Although the results should be generalised with caution, they could serve as argument against moral panic over teenage identification with youth cultures, and instead shift focus to structures that give some children a disadvantaged start in life.

  • 24. Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Nilsson, Anders
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Samhällets olycksbarn, kreatörer eller Svenssons? Modsens framtid i backspegeln2008In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 20-36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Modsen var en ungdomskultur som på 1960-talet skrämde och oroade vuxenvärlden. I denna artikel följer vi dem som i ungdomen kallade sig mods upp i vuxen ålder. Hur gick det för dem? Fanns det fog för de vuxnas oro?

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  • 25.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Palme, Joakim
    Westholm, Erik
    Att utforska framtiden: valda perspektiv2012Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Visst går det att utforska framtiden på vetenskaplig grund! I boken ges exempel på hur perspektiv från såväl humaniora som samhälls- och naturvetenskap kan berika studiet även av det forskningsobjekt som ännu inte finns.

  • 26.
    Alm, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI).
    Roxell, Lena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Your Own Personal Jesus? Doctrinal Beliefs versus Personal Spirituality Among Inmates Involved in the Monastery Route in Swedish Prisons2019In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, ISSN 0021-8294, E-ISSN 1468-5906, Vol. 58, no 1, p. 192-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies, mainly from the United States, have indicated that religious beliefs can help inmates to cope with imprisonment and to build hopes for the future. The purpose of this study was to examine if this is the case also in Sweden, which is usually considered to be one of the most secular countries in the world. The data consist of semistructured interviews with 14 prisoners participating in the so‐called Monastery Route activities within Swedish prisons. Although the activities are based on Christianity, the explicit aim is to invite individuals from all religions, as well as those with an open attitude toward spirituality. How do the inmates formulate their beliefs (if any) along the lines of doctrinal religiousness and personal spirituality, respectively? And, how does this orientation affect the ability to cope with imprisonment, as well as the views of the future? The results show that a small number of the participants defined themselves as Christian, but that the majority had instead developed a more personal form of spirituality. This provided them with a means of working with themselves and gave them a sense of inner calm. The study's findings are contrasted against conflicting results from the United States.

  • 27.
    Almolqi Svedberg, Sophie
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Frontex, ett försvar mot immigrationen i EU?2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och analysera om inrättandet av Frontex har bidragit till att immigrationen i EU framställs som en utveckling vilket riskerar EU:s inre trygghet. Frontex samordnar verksamheten för EU medlemsländers gränskontrollmyndigheter. Det hävdas att EU:s yttre gränser står inför starka immigrationstryck vilket innebär att en effektivisering av gränsarbetet är nödvändig för att stärka säkerheten.

    Materialet analyseras utifrån säkerhetiseringsprocessen som innebär att en politisk fråga pekas ut som risk. Denna risk behöver inte nödvändigtvis existera utan enbart presenteras och argumenteras som sådan. Den frågeställning som besvaras görs så utifrån utvalda dokument publicerade om Frontex samt intervjuer. Frågeställningen lyder: Med vilka resonemang framställs immigrationen till EU och hur går dessa att tolkas ur ett säkerhetiseringsperspektiv?

    Som metod har en triangulering av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts. Materialet som underbygger studien består av offentliga dokument publicerade av Frontex och EU Kommissionen. De kvalitativa intervjuerna genomfördes i syfte att stärka den analytiska förmågan hos mig som forskare och komplettera den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen.

    Resultatet som undersökningen kommer fram till är att det pågår ett kontinuerligt arbete i syfte att stärka de yttre gränserna. Immigranter delas upp i grupper och talas kring ur olika risknivåer. Det som önskas stoppas i högsta grad är kriminella nätverk, men även illegala immigranter som söker sig till EU i syfte att söka arbete. Immigranter vars syfte är att söka skydd talas om i termer som offer, dessa önskas inte ses stoppade. Det betonas att ett stödjande av ekonomisk tillväxt i tredjeland är önskvärt, för att underlätta levnadsförhållanden i tredjeland. En effektivisering av den verksamhet som Frontex koordinerar sker även, vilket innebär att resurser för akuta situationer som kan uppstå ska kunnas sättas in under snabba former. Dessa akuta situationer har ännu inte uppstått. Dock har villkoren för tredjelandsmedborgare inte förändrats och Frontex arbetar aktivt för att främja mänskliga rättigheter. Den diskussion som förs om immigrationen i EU hamnar inom det säkerhetspolitiska området. De motmedel som används görs så utan presenterade grunder och trots detta sker en kontinuerlig utvidgning av dessa motmedel.

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  • 28.
    Alveryd, Karolina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Manlig styrka och kvinnlig avvikelse?: Fokusgruppsintervjuer med universitets- och högskolestudenter om deras föreställningar om offer och gärningspersoner i nära relationer2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna uppsats bygger på tre, av mig och en annan student, genomförda fokusgruppsintervjuer. Sammanlagt intervjuades åtta personer som alla vid tidpunkten för intervjuerna var studerande vid universitet och högskolor i stockholmsområdet. Utgångspunkten är att ur ett genusteoretiskt perspektiv undersöka vilka attityder till och åsikter kring våld i heterosexuella nära relationer som framställs av intervjudeltagarna samt hur dessa i grupp, tillsammans konstruerar föreställningar om män och kvinnor som offer och gärningspersoner. Valet av fokusgruppsintervjuer som metod för kunskapssökande grundar sig i, en hos mig, konstruktivistisk syn på hur kunskap produceras. Detta innebär att jag ser på kunskap som något som skapas i interaktionen mellan människor i en viss socialt och kulturellt betingad kontext och där fokusgrupperna får anses representera en någorlunda verklighetsbaserad sådan. Meningen med intervjuerna är att deltagarna så fritt som möjligt skulle få resonera kring temat våld och genus även om vi som intervjuare hade vissa frågeställningar som vi ville att de skulle diskutera. Intervjuerna gick till så att fem fiktiva vinjetter av varierande längd delades ut. Vinjetterna beskrev händelser och handlingar som skulle kunna betraktas som våldshandlingar, där kön på offer och gärningspersoner varierade liksom om vinjetterna beskrev personer som hade en nära relation eller var för varandra okända.

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  • 29.
    Andersson, Agnes
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Nordén Ramos, Emili
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ”Straffen biter inte på de gängkriminella som de gör på oss andra”: En diskursanalys av hur unga gängkriminella framställs inom Flashbacktrådar2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Vår uppsats undersöker hur unga gängkriminella framställs på sociala medieforumet ”Flashback”, vilka subjektifierande effekter som uppstår inom diskursen såväl som vilka kriminalpolitiska åtgärder som aktualiseras utifrån dessa effekter. Vårt material omfattas av fyra trådar bestående av 198 kommentarer från plattformen som samtliga berör ungas involvering i gängkriminalitet. Vi belyser både det internationella liksom det nationella forskningsfältet, som alla berör konstruktionen av sociala samhällsproblem i relation till unga, invandrare och gängkriminella. I studien använder vi oss av paraplybegreppet andrefiering i dess allmänhet såväl som Garlands kriminalpolitiska utgångspunkter kring “självets kriminologi” respektive “kriminologin om den Andre”, för att förklara våra upptäckter. I trådarna åberopas det att Sverige numer blivit otryggt. Problemframställningen av unga gängkriminella förhåller sig inte särskilt mycket kring ungdomar, utan i stället är det invandrare och vänsterblockets politik som främst diskuteras vara orsaken till problemet. I framställningen av unga gängkriminella görs antagandet att de huvudsakligen är invandrarmän, vilka andrefieras i diskursen. Dessa tillskrivs stereotypiska egenskaper, som antas vara medfödda eller religiöst påverkade. Således konstrueras invandrare som ociviliserade gentemot den civiliserade svensken. I trådarna på Flashback åberopas straffåtgärder i form av förlängd inkapacitering och utvisning men även extremare våldsamma förslag tas upp, i form av tortyr och avrättning. Förslagen för hårdare tag grundar sig i en demoniserande porträttering av invandrare, då de upplevs ha orsakat den otrygghet i Sverige som åberopas i trådarna och att allt fler unga involveras inom gängkriminaliteten. 

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    Andersson, Agnes & Nordén Ramos, Emili. Kandidatuppsats i Kriminologi HT23 (1).pdf
  • 30.
    Andersson, Hans
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Anlagda bränders omfattning: motiv och påverkande faktorer1995Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Andersson Jenabpour, Mina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    The Islamic State’s Enslavement of the Yazidi Minority: An Inquiry into the Female Devotees’ Responsibility2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The notion of female devotees of the Islamic State (IS) as being naive and submissive companions of their fighting husbands has recently been defied by cases of active women participating in violent atrocities within the Caliphate in Iraq and Syria. Nevertheless, cases of more passive IS-women still exist. Thus, their position within the organization raises important legal questions regarding the assessment of their individual criminal responsibility. A recent German judgment from Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court sparked such queries as a woman was convicted for aiding and abetting a crime against humanity for ha- ving made use of an enslaved Yazidi in her home. The question that arose here- in was whether her act was punishable as enslavement and, in that case, what form of liability that could be attributed to her.

    This research study inquire into the lives and deeds of the foreign, female IS-devotees who resettled in the organization’s self-proclaimed Caliphate between 2014 and 2019. Specifically, it examines their criminal responsibility for IS’s institutionalized enslavement of the Yazidi minority. The question is whet- her they can be held individually criminally responsible for enslavement as a crime against humanity according to article 7.1(c) of the Rome Statute.

    The issue is attacked in a three-part way, starting with the establishment of the definition and the parameters of the crime of enslavement through, inter alia, international case law and authoritative guiding documents from e.g. ICC. Subsequently, the IS-women’s role within the Caliphate is clarified through, mainly, interpretation of official reports based on first-hand interviews with survivors, as well as ideological research on IS as an organization. Lastly, the governing law on individual criminal responsibility is settled.

    The research shows that the women can indeed be held individually crimi- nally responsible for enslavement, for having utilized enslaved workforce in the form of enslaved Yazidi women and girls. They can be convicted for complici- ty, however, it’s unlikely that they can be considered perpetrators, as their con- tribution to the crime can’t be considered ”essential”. Moreover, there is no opportunity to invoke coercion as a ground for excluding criminal responsibility since they have voluntarily joined the terrorist organization and placed themsel- ves in the position they’re in. The main conclusion drawn from this is that the women may hold an, essentially, dual position as both victims and perpetrators but their acts of enslavement is nevertheless criminal and should be punished accordingly.

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  • 32.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Erlandsson, Linn
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ”Kontrollen får mer karaktären av ett stickprov”: Ett minoritetsperspektiv på motiven bakom visitationszoner2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I flera år har Moderaterna drivit förslag om införandet av visitationszoner och i december år 2022 presenterade regeringen tillsammans med Sverigedemokraterna att förslaget nu ska utredas. Visitationszoner har kritiserats av bland annat högt uppsatta jurister och människorättsorganisationer för att hota rättssäkerheten men ses av de förespråkande partierna som ett nödvändigt verktyg för att stävja gängkriminaliteten. Denna framställning syftar till att undersöka hur partierna motiverar införandet av visitationszoner.Framställningen utgår från ett minoritetsperspektiv då vi studerar hur en till synes neutral praktik, i det här fallet förslaget om visitationszoner, riskerar drabba etniska minoriteter i större utsträckning än övriga befolkningen. Den tidigare forskningen till grund för framställningen behandlar andrafiering i kriminalpolitiken - skapandet av “vi och dem”, effektiviteten i visitationszoner och liknande åtgärder samt kriminalpolitiken som trygghetsskapande. Den tidigare forskningen visar att åtgärder som kan liknas vid visitationszoner inte sällan riktas mot minoritetsgrupper och att dessa praktiker blir ett uttryck för andrafiering i praktiken med en mobilisering mot etniska minoriteter och deras bostadsområden.Det empiriska materialet till grund för framställningen är motioner från Moderaterna, Kristdemokraterna och Sverigedemokraterna samt riksdagsprotokoll där företrädare för dessa partier debatterar visitationszoner. Genom textanalys studeras motioner och riksdagsprotokoll för att identifiera hur partierna ramar in förslaget om visitationszoner, genom vilket perspektiv gängkriminaliteten och dess orsaker förstås och därmed lösningarna på desamma. Analysen av materialet resulterade i två huvudsakliga inramningar genom vilka behovet av visitationszoner förstås. Dels en alarmistisk inramning inom vilken gängkriminaliteten beskrivs som ett hot mot hela det svenska samhället och att det extrema läget kräver mönsterbrytande åtgärder varav visitationszoner är en. Dels en inramning som handlar om trygghet inom vilken rätten till trygghet framhålls tillsammans med fokus på brottsoffer, på polisen som trygghetsskapande, samt hur visitationszoner skulle öka tryggheten. Samtidigt identifieras hur riskerna med visitationszoner, att de riskerar riktas mot minoritetsgrupper, lämnas oproblematiserat.

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  • 33.
    Andersson, Lina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Mått på brott: Självdeklaration som metod att mäta brottslighet2011Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Measuring crime is one of criminology’s most central tasks. Self-report studies constitute one means of doing so. By asking people, primarily youths, about their experience of involvement in criminal acts, self-report studies are intended to provide knowledge on the extent and structure of crime and on crime trends over time, while also providing opportunities to study the causes of crime. The dissertation’s objective is to examine the use of self-reported crime as a research method. It problematises the use of self-report studies as an instrument for measuring both the extent and structure of youth crime, and also trends in youth crime over time. Problematising the method in this way both illustrates the significance of methodology and measurement instruments for the production/construction of criminological data and makes possible a more nuanced and aware approach to the use of such data.

    The dissertation comprises a discussion of the basic assumptions of the self-report method viewed from the perspective of theory of science, a review of Swedish self-report studies and a detailed study of the Swedish School Survey on Crime, Sweden’s nationally representative self-report study of youth in year nine (aged 15).

    The dissertation’s most important conclusions are that researchers, when designing a self-report study, should consider both how crime is viewed and what the study is intended to examine. It is also important, when using self-report data, to consider what the data represent. This is of significance in relation to both how questions might best be formulated and to what extent the mechanisms that affect the results will involve problems for the quality of the measures obtained.

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  • 34.
    Andersson, Lina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Self-Reported Delinquency in Sweden2009In: Self-Reported Crime and Deviance Studies in Europe: Current State of Knowledge and Review of Use / [ed] Renée Zauberman, Brussels: VUB University Press , 2009, p. 221-248Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Andersson, Lina
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Ring, Jonas
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Sweden2010In: Juvenile Delinquency in Europe and Beyond: Results of the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study / [ed] I Junger-Tas, J.; Marshall, I.H.; Enzmann, D.; Killias, M.; Steketee, M.; Gruszczynska, B., New York: Springer , 2010, p. 173-190Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Andersson, Matilda
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Skildringar av kvinnlig hämnd i modern film – en narrativ analys2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 37.
    Andersson Nilsson, Ida
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Boqvist Schenell, Sara
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    [Vithet]: En kritisk studie om vithet och dess betydelse för meningsskapande kring anmälningsbenägenhet av sexuellt ofredande på festival2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 38.
    Andersson, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Förtjänt att styra. Samhällets bästa och förtjänsttanken2007In: Brott i välfärden: Om brottslighet, utsatthet och kriminalpolitik. Festskrift till Henrik Tham, Stockholm: Stockholms universitet, Kriminologiska institutionen , 2007, p. 462-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Andersson, Robert
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Kriminalpolitikens väsen2002Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Andersson, Sabina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    The World Bank: A qualitative content analysis of anti-corruption strategies 1997 – 20062010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The World Bank is a large organization that has been an influential actor in world politics for decades. The foundation of the work in the World Bank was stipulated in the Articles of Agreement, negotiated in 1944, which concluded that the purpose of the Bank was to finance postwar reconstruction and investment in developing countries.

    The purpose of this study is to examine how the problem of corruption is framed in the anti-corruption strategies produced by the World Bank, since corruption has received a growing interest from the World Bank, as well as the world in general during the last decade. This essay will analyze how the World Bank create and use their knowledge regarding corruption. This will be performed by studying how the anti-corruption strategies of the World Bank have evolved from the 1997 Publication “Helping Countries Combat Corruption: A World Bank Strategy” the revised governance strategy publication “Reforming Public Institutions and Strengthening Governance: A World Bank Strategy” from 2000, followed by the latest strategy paper “Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement on Governance and Anti-Corruption” published in the year of 2006.

    The hypothesis and theory that the analysis is built upon is of a social-constructive nature, and the policy documents will be analyzed through the theory and method of claims-making, which highlights how power asymmetries and collective identity claims is used to give certain claims validity. The study will also look for the possible existence of a political bias, which often willingly or unwillingly shapes the views of individuals as well as organization.

    The results showed that there has only been a small change in working methods within the anti-corruption unit at the World Bank during the last ten years, despite significant scholarly criticism against the suggested strategies and despite poor results. The aspects the strategies had been changed in did however indicate a possibility that it has followed a politicized general western/northern trend of liberalization which has become the norm for how economic reforms should be stipulated.

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  • 41.
    Andreæ, Catrin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Eklund, Johanna
    Diskrepansens diskursordning: - En kritisk diskursanalys om hatbrottsmotivet annan etnicitet, begångna av polisiära aktörer.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 42.
    Annie, Engfors
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ”Jag drabbas även av de som inte drabbas”: Direkta och indirekta former av viktimisering till följd av det dödliga skjutvapenvåldet2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 43.
    Apostolidou, Agatha-Theodora
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Dahlberg, Ariana Gabriella
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Offerlamm eller kriminell?: En fallstudie om Eirik Jensen2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 44.
    Araos, Paula
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Törnsten, Kristina
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    “For What I Did I Should Be Dead”: En tematisk innehållsanalys av Netflix-serien Dahmer - Monster: Berättelsen om Jeffrey Dahmer2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna uppsats har syftet varit att studera hur seriemördaren Jeffrey Dahmer och hans offer porträtteras i den nyproducerade Netflix-serien Dahmer - Monster: Berättelsen om Jeffrey Dahmer (2022a). Detta motiveras av intresset att få en bredare förståelse för hur verkliga händelser skildras i true crime-genren. Frågeställningen som legat till grund för denna studie är: “Hur skildras Jeffrey Dahmer som mer eller mindre (o)mänsklig, och hur skildras detta i relation till hans offer?”. Som teoretiskt ramverk har Goffmans framing-teori, det intersektionella perspektivet och Christies ideala offer använts. Mot denna bakgrund bestod det analyserade materialet av 10 stycken avsnitt som bearbetades utifrån en tematisk innehållsanalys, med inriktning på det semiotiska och paratextuella i materialet. Resultatet delades in i tre övergripande teman; Den fördömde/De fördömda, Att flörta med det groteska och Rödluvan och den (o)stygga vargen. Studiens resultat visar att Jeffrey skildras som mer mänsklig än omänsklig och att det konkurrerar med skildringen av hans offer och deras offerskap.

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  • 45.
    Arell, Elin
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Vahlberg, Linnéa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Idealiska offer och gärningspersoner: En semiotisk analys av fyra barnfilmer2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 46.
    Arell, Helena
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    ”Här vågar vi!”: En kvalitativ undersökning om Härryda kommunsbrottsförebyggande arbete utifrån ett situationellt perspektiv2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    De senaste 25 åren har regeringen presenterat två nationella brottsförebyggande program som i stora delar delegerar ansvaret för det brottspreventiva arbetet till landets kommuner, ett ansvar som dock inte är lagstadgat. Denna uppsats undersöker Härryda kommuns brottsförebyggande arbete ur ett situationellt perspektiv. Undersökningens syfte är att öka kunskapen om hur en kommun lokalt implementerar de nationella riktlinjerna om förebyggande åtgärder som förordas i de brottsföre- byggande programmen Allas vårt ansvar (1996) och Tillsammans mot brott (2017). Med utgångs- punkt från kriminologiska teorier och tidigare forskning om situationell brottsprevention, bland annat rutinaktivitetsteorin, broken windows, och antaganden om begreppet governance, besvarar uppsatsen frågeställningarna ”vilka situationella brottsförebyggande åtgärder prioriterar Härryda kommun, och varför?”, ”hur utvärderas de brottsförebyggande insatserna, och vilka möjligheter eller begränsningar ser centrala brottsförebyggande aktörer i kommunens situationella brottsföre- byggande arbete?” samt ”hur förstås och konstrueras begreppen trygghet och otrygghet i relation till situationell brottsprevention av centrala brottsförebyggande aktörer i Härryda kommun?”. För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en kvalitativ tematisk analys på det empiriska materialet. Undersökningens empiri består av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med två representanter för Härryda kommuns brottsförebyggande råd, samt offentliga dokument om eller med relevans för kommunens brottsförebyggande verksamhet. Resultaten visar att Härryda kommuns brottsförebyggande råd beslutat att prioritera problemområdena ”narkotika” och ”otrygghet i den fysiska miljön”. Dessa problemområden är föremål för sekundära och tertiära situationellt brottsförebyggande insatser. Det brottsförebyggande rådet samverkar i viss mån med medborgarna; platser som upplevs som otrygga prioriteras för formella och informella åtgärder. De trygghetsökande insatserna utvärderas dock inte, till skillnad från insatser riktade mot narkotikahanteringen. Härryda kommun följer de teoretiska brottspreventiva riktlinjerna, enligt rutinaktivitetsteorin och broken windows, som förordas i regeringens nationella brottsförebyggande program. Detta gäller främst att öka närvaron av kapabla väktare, bland annat genom det medborgerliga engagemanget och kameraövervakning. Det sist- nämnda är dock svårt för kommunen att implementera på grund av begränsningar i lagstiftningen. Vidare forskning om kommuners brottsförebyggande arbete förordas eftersom det råder en kunskapslucka hur kommuner implementerar de nationella brottsförebyggande programmen. Förslagsvis kan denna undersökningen fungera som underlag för jämförelsestudier med andra kommuners situationellt brottsförebyggande arbete.

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  • 47.
    Arista, Melissa
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Minskar könsskillnaderna i brottslighet bland ungdomar i Stockholms stad?: - En studie av självdeklarerad brottslighet bland ungdomar i årskurs 9 mellan åren 2002-20142016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 48.
    Atak, Kivanc
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Prevention, facilitation and the fortress of the transnational: Policing public demonstrations in Europe2016In: Juridikum (Wien), ISSN 1019-5394, E-ISSN 2309-7477, no 4, p. 484-493Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Atak, Kivanc
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    Bayram, Ismail Emre
    Protest Policing alla Turca: Threat, Insurgency, and the Repression of Pro-Kurdish Protests in Turkey2017In: Social Forces, ISSN 0037-7732, E-ISSN 1534-7605, Vol. 95, no 4, p. 1667-1694Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Why do certain protests prompt more intervention from the police? And why does the intensity of intervention vary over time? Drawing on analytical approaches in the protest policing literature, and on studies investigating the relationship between civil conflict, public opinion, and state repression, this study examines whether pro-Kurdish events in Turkey are treated more severely than others, and how the policing of these protests changes over time. Based on an original dataset, we analyze more than 10,000 protest events that took place in Turkey between 2000 and 2009. Our findings suggest that compared to others, pro-Kurdish events are more likely to encounter police action, one that particularly involves repressive strategies. We further show that repressive policing in pro-Kurdish events is more pronounced when the Kurdish armed insurgency against the state intensifies. Given that this is the first systematic quantitative study on protest policing in Turkey, it not only tests previously confirmed theories of protest policing, but also makes a theoretical contribution by providing a dynamic notion of threat beyond its situational forms, which builds on the conflict between the Turkish state and the PKK.

  • 50.
    Atak, Kivanc
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology.
    della Porta, Donatella
    Popular uprisings in Turkey: Police culpability and constraints on dialogue-oriented policing in Gezi Park and beyond2016In: European Journal of Criminology, ISSN 1477-3708, E-ISSN 1741-2609, Vol. 13, no 5, p. 610-625Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The policing of riots and uprisings poses severe challenges to the police. Yet the police are often culpable in the disturbances touched off by a precipitating incident of police violence or a crackdown on a peaceful protest. The Gezi Park uprisings in Turkey also broke out shortly after excessive force by the Istanbul police against a handful of peaceful activists in Taksim Square. In the aftermath of the mobilizations, however, a drift towards a ‘zero-tolerance’ approach has prevailed over protest control strategies. Drawing on field notes, interviews with activists, excerpts from the news media, protest event analysis and secondary literature, we argue that the chances of dialogue-oriented policing are hampered by two major predicaments in Turkey. The first pertains to the negative biases in police perceptions about protests and protesters that serve to justify and perpetuate a conflict-driven understanding of policing. The second is rooted in the institutional and policy realm and stems from the prevalence of a law-and-order approach to crowd control and public order.

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