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  • 1.
    Abdallah, Ali
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Det smarta hemmet – Energianvändarens framtid: En studie om smarta hem och vilka möjligheter Jämtkraft har att satsa på dessa2014Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Energy consumption in Sweden is relatively large in terms of population. That depends a lot on the need for heating during most of the year because of the cold climate but also on the continuous need for energy in the everyday life. The large energy consumption entails, however, large loads on both climate and environment. Thus energy efficiency is an important measure to reduce the climate and environmental impact. Smart homes are complex systems that cover various aspects of the home but are considered to be an effective resource for improving energy efficiency.

    The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate how to develop or combine energy-efficient products in the best way possible. Energy consumers needs and behaviors have been analyzed and a market analysis of the products available on the market today has been performed based on a survey directed to energy users and interviews with energy users and stakeholders on the smart home market.

    Energy users show a lack of knowledge about smart homes and energy-smart products, probably because the smart homes market is still new in Sweden and most stakeholders have not managed to advertise themselves and their products yet. It may also depend on other factors such as energy users’ lack of interest in energy efficiency, which may be due to the low price of electricity in Sweden.

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  • 2.
    Abegunawardana, Sidath
    et al.
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Bodhika, J A P
    Univ Ruhuna, Dept Phys, Matara, Sri Lanka.
    Abewardhana, Ruwan
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Fernando, Mahendra
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Sound Source Localization of Lightning Discharges2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lightning channel can be retraced by thunder signature recorded with an array of microphones. Four microphones were arranged to capture thunder sound, and acoustic cross-correlation of captured pressure signals estimated the time lag of each pair of microphones. A wave segment with 0.25 s or 0.5 s of duration was compared with the acoustic signal recorded by other microphones to estimate time lapse. The direction of channel propagation has been estimated by the time difference of arrival of each pair of microphones. Thunder source locations estimated by this method can be extended to investigate the channel propagation inside clouds.

  • 3.
    Abegunawardana, Sidath
    et al.
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Bodhika, J A P
    Univ Ruhuna, Dept Phys, Matara, Sri Lanka.
    Nanayakkara, Sankha
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Sonnadara, Upul
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Fernando, Mahendra
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Audible Frequency Analysis of Ground Flashes2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thunder signatures categorized into three types based on peak pressure and variation in fundamental frequency, have been studied by using acoustic spectrum of thunder. S-transformation has been used to estimate the dominant frequency variation around the peak pressure. The mean fundamental frequencies of type 3 ground and cloud flashes are 160 Hz and 98 Hz respectively. The mean frequencies of type 2 ground and cloud flashes are 108 Hz and 82 Hz respectively.

  • 4.
    Abewardhana, Ruwan
    et al.
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Abegunawardana, Sidath
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Fernando, Mahendra
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Sonnadara, Upul
    Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Lightning Localization Based on VHF Broadband Interferometer Developed in Sri Lanka2018In: 2018 34th international conference on lightning protection (ICLP 2018), New York: IEEE, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A basic broadband digital interferometer was developed, which is capable of locating Very High Frequency (VHF) radiation sources in two spatial dimensions and time. Three antennas sensed the time series of broadband electromagnetic (EM) signals and digitized with 4 ns sampling interval for a duration of several milliseconds. A technique based on cross-correlations has been implemented for mapping lightning source locations. A map of the first return stroke (RS) and the preceding stepped leader was mapped successfully, using the system with a time resolution of few milliseconds. The result was compared with the visible events of the ground flash to validate the system.

  • 5.
    Abrahamsson, Curt Johan David
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Pérez-Loya, Jesús José
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Fregelius, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Evestedt, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Bladh, Johan
    Lundin, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Magnetic thrust bearing for a 10 MW hydropower generator with a Kaplan turbine2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Kinetic Energy Storage and Magnetic Bearings: for Vehicular Applications2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the main challenges in order to make electric cars competitive with gas-powered cars is in the improvement of the electric power system. Although many of the energy sources currently used in electric vehicles have sufficientlyhigh specific energy, their applicability is limited due to low specific power. It would therefore be advantageous to create a driveline with the main energy storage separated from a smaller energy buffer, designed to have high power capabilities and to withstand frequent and deep discharge cycles. It has been found that rotating kinetic energy storage in flywheels is very well suited for this type of application.

    A composite shell, comprising an inner part made of glassfiber and an outer part made of carbonfiber, was analyzed analytically and numerically, designed, and constructed. The shell was fitted onto a metallic rotor using shrinkfitting. The cost of the shell, and the complexity of assembly, was reduced by winding the glass- and carbonfiber consecutively on a mandrel, and curing the complete assembly simultaneously. Thereby, the shell obtained an internal segmentation, without the need for fitting several concentric parts onto each other. The radial stress inside the composite shell was kept compressive thanks to a novel approach of using the permanent magnets of the integrated electric machine to provide radial mechanical load during rotation.

    Two thrust bearing units (one upper and one lower) comprising one segmented unit with the permanent magnets in a cylindrical Halbach configuration and one non-segmented unit in a up/down configuration were optimized, constructed and tested. Each thrust bearing unit generated 1040 N of repelling force, and a positive axial stiffness of 169 N/mm at the nominal airgap of 5 mm. 

    Two radial active magnetic bearings (one upper and one lower) were optimized, constructed and tested. By parameterizing the shape of the actuators, a numerical optimization of force over resistive loss from the bias currentcould be performed. The optimized shape of the electromagnets was produced by watercutting sheets of laminated steel. A maximum current stiffness of120 N/A at a bias current of 1.5 A was achieved.

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  • 7.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Kinetic Energy Storage and Magnetic Bearings, for vehicular applications2011Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the main challenges in order to make electric cars competitive with gaspowered cars is in the improvement of the electric power system. Although many of the energy sources currently used in electric vehicles have sufficiently high specific energy, their applicability is limited due to low specific power. It would therefore be advantageous to create a driveline with the main energy storage separated from a smaller energy buffer, designed to have high power capabilities and to withstand frequent and deep discharge cycles. It has been found that rotating kinetic energy storage in flywheels is very well suited for this type of application. The work presented in this thesis and the included papers span a number of topcis Introductory overview - This section explains the concept of the modern flywheel, and investigates some of its properties. It illustrates the concepts with a number of examples, relevant for the usage of flywheels in vehicular applications. Experimental set-up - The construction of a complete electric driveline is ongoing within the division for Electricity at Uppsala University. An optimized electric machine has been constructed and connected with a programmable load, as well as with a DC power source through power electronics controlled by PWM. As a part of this system, an experimental set-up of an active magnetic bearing for two degrees-of-freedom has been constructed. The work with this device is described in detail and some preliminary results are presented. Self-bearing machine - The electric machine developed for the existing driveline is coreless, double wound and with a double rotor. In order to achieve magnetic bearing functionality in this device for all DOF, a novel Lorentz force self-bearing machine is suggested. The design is analyzed analytically and numerically.

  • 8.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Bernhoff, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Magnetic bearings in kinetic energy storage systems for vehicular applications2011In: Journal of Electrical Systems, ISSN 1112-5209, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 225-236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The rotating Kinetic Energy Storage System (KESS) is suitable as temporary energy storage in electric vehicles due to its insensitivity to the number of charge-discharge cycles and its relatively high specific energy. The size and weight of the KESS for a given amount of stored energy are minimized by decreasing the moment of inertia of the rotor and increasing its speed. A small and fast rotor has the additional benefit of reducing the induced gyroscopic moments as the vehicle turns. The very high resulting rotational speed makes the magnetic bearing an essential component of the system, with the Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) being the most common implementation. The complexity and cost of an AMB can be reduced by integration with the electric machine, resulting in a bearingless and sensorless electric machine. This review article describes the usage of magnetic bearings for FESS in vehicular applications.

  • 9.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    de Santiago, Juan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Oliveira, Janaína Gonçalves de
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Lundin, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Bernhoff, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Prototype of electric driveline with magnetically levitated double wound motor2010In: Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2010 XIX International Conference on, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the ongoing work of constructing a complete driveline for an electric road vehicle, using a flywheel as auxiliary energy storage. The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is connected in series between the main energy storage (batteries) and the wheel motor of the vehicle, allowing the batteries to deliver power to the system in an optimized way, while at the same time making efficient use of regenerative braking. A double wound permanent magnet electric machine is used to electrically separate the two sides. In order to minimize losses, the machine has a double rotor configuration and is suspended with magnetic bearings. A bench test set-up is being constructed to investigate the properties of this system in detail. This set-up will achieve a level of power and energy close to that of a full scale system. This will allow measurements of complete drive cycles to be performed, improving the understanding of the constituting components and optimization of the complete system.

  • 10.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Gonçalves de Oliveira, Janaína
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    de Santiago, Juan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Lundin, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Bernhoff, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    On the Efficiency of a Two-Power-Level Flywheel-Based All-Electric Driveline2012In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 5, no 8, p. 2794-2817Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents experimental results on an innovative electric driveline employing a kinetic energy storage device as energy buffer. A conceptual division of losses in the system was created, separating the complete system into three parts according to their function. This conceptualization of the system yielded a meaningful definition of the concept of efficiency. Additionally, a thorough theoretical framework for the prediction of losses associated with energy storage and transfer in the system was developed. A large number of spin-down tests at varying pressure levels were performed. A separation of the measured data into the different physical processes responsible for power loss was achieved from the corresponding dependence on rotational velocity. This comparison yielded an estimate of the perpendicular resistivity of the stranded copper conductor of 2.5 x 10(-8) +/- 3.5 x 10(-9). Further, power and energy were measured system-wide during operation, and an analysis of the losses was performed. The analytical solution was able to reproduce the measured distribution of losses in the system to an accuracy of 4.7% (95% CI). It was found that the losses attributed to the function of kinetic energy storage in the system amounted to between 45% and 65%, depending on usage.

  • 11.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Hedlund, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Bernhoff, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Prototype of Kinetic Energy Storage System for Electrified Utility Vehicles in Urban Traffic2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Hedlund, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Kamf, Tobias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Bernhoff, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    High-Speed Kinetic Energy Buffer: Optimization of Composite Shell and Magnetic Bearings2014In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, ISSN 0278-0046, E-ISSN 1557-9948, Vol. 61, no 6, p. 3012-3021Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the design and optimization of a high-speed (30 000 r/min) kinetic energy storage system. The purpose of the device is to function as an energy buffer storing up to 867 Wh, primarily for utility vehicles in urban traffic. The rotor comprises a solid composite shell of carbon and glass fibers in an epoxy matrix, constructed in one curing. The shell is optimized using a combined analytical and numerical approach. The radial stress in the shell is kept compressive by integrating the electric machine, thereby avoiding delamination. Radial centering is achieved through eight active electromagnetic actuators. The actuator geometry is optimized using a direct coupling between SolidWorks, Comsol, and Matlab for maximum force over resistive loss for a given current density. The optimization results in a system with 300% higher current stiffness than the reference geometry with constant flux area, at the expense of 33% higher power loss. The actuators are driven by semipassive H bridges and controlled by an FPGA. Current control at 20 kHz with a noise of less than 5 mA (95% CI) is achieved, allowing position control at 4 kHz to be implemented.

  • 13.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Ögren, Jim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Hedlund, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    A Fully Levitated Cone-Shaped Lorentz-Type Self-Bearing Machine With Skewed Windings2014In: IEEE transactions on magnetics, ISSN 0018-9464, E-ISSN 1941-0069, Vol. 50, no 9, article id 8101809Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Brushless dc coreless electric machines with double-rotor and single-stator configuration have very low losses, since the return path of the magnetic flux rotates with the permanent magnets. The eddy-current loss in the stator is additionally very small due to the lack of iron, making it ideal for kinetic energy storage. This paper presents a design for self-bearing rotor suspension, achieved by placing the stator windings skewed on a conical surface. A mathematical analysis of the force from a skewed winding confined to the surface of a cone was found. The parametric analytical expressions of the magnitude and direction of force and torque were verified by finite-element method simulations for one specific geometry. A dynamic model using proportional-integral-differential control was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, and the currents needed for the self-bearing effect were found by solving an underdetermined system of linear equations. External forces, calculated from acceleration measurements from a bus in urban traffic, were added to simulate the dynamic environment of an electrical vehicle.

  • 14.
    Abuzohri, Ahmed
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Effektförstärkare med strömkontroll2012Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Energin är ett begrepp som används dagligen i vårt samhälle. Energin kan inte skapas men däremot kan den omvandlas till olika former, förbrukas och lagras i vissa fall. Men att omvandla energi från en form till en annan form för att sedan lagra den är en av dagens stora utmaningar inom tekniken då vi måste följa de regler som naturen dikterar. Forskning på detta område har pågått i flera decennier för att kunna ta fram lämpliga och effektiva sätt att lagra energi på. Svänghjul-system är ett sådant sätt där man kan lagra energi under begränsad tid.

    I mitt examensarbete har jag utnyttjat kunskapen som jag har lärt mig från elektronik kurserna för att konstruera en effektförstärkare med strömkontroll som användes för att driva ett svänghjul-system. Förstärkaren har byggts med elektronikkomponenter och styrs från datorn med m.h.a. styrprogrammet LabVIEW som kommunicerar med hårdvaran och kontrollerar svänghjulets rörelse.

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  • 15.
    Adrian, Ehrnebo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Single Crystalline CVD Diamond Based Devices for Power Electronics Applications2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Chemical vapor deposited single-crystalline diamond has rare material properties such as thermal conductivity five times as high as copper, a wide band gap, a high breakdown field and high carrier mobilities. This makes it a very interesting material for high power, high frequency and high temperature applications.

    In this thesis work, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors of diamond substrate were fabricated and analyzed. The MOS capacitor is a building block of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). Capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements can provide useful information of the operation of a MOS. Electrical characterization by C-V and current-voltage (I-V) measurements at temperatures ranging from 20 to 150 degrees Celsius were performed on the MOS capacitors to examine flatband and threshold voltages, oxide charge, and oxide thickness.

    At elevated temperatures, low frequency C-V curves with threshold voltages of approximately 5 V were obtained for MOS capacitors consisting of aluminum gates, a 30 nm layer of aluminum oxide, and boron doped diamond with acceptor concentration 3.1 x 1017 cm-3. The C-V measurements also showed large variations in flatband voltage for different contacts of the MOS capacitor, indicating the presence of oxide charge. Oxide thickness was also extracted from the C-V measurements, typically showing thicknesses around 15-19 nm.

    Also in this  thesis, an alternative method for reducing the electric field strength around the edges of the contact of a Schottky diode has been examined. This method consists of alternating the geometry by etching the semiconductor where the contact is to be placed. Simulations performed in Comsol Multiphysics showed that a reduction of the field strength of approximately 30 % at the contacts could be achieved by etching the substrate.

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  • 16.
    Ahlström, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Åsktransienter och överspänningar: En spänningsfylld simulering av elkraftsystemet vid Forsmark 32014Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A power system will inevitably be subjected to transient overvoltages, most often produced by switching operations and lightning strikes. These transient overvoltages may harm sensitive equipment without sufficient protection, but it is not an easy task to predict what transients may occur or how they affect the system. A fault occurred in a low voltage system at Forsmark 2012 and overvoltages from lightning were concluded as the probable cause. The three aims with this thesis are to develop and test a model of the power system at Forsmark 3, analyse the transient behaviour of the system when subjected to lightning surges and identify critical parameters, and lastly to provide a tool for investigating the protection of the system. The modelling and simulations were performed in the freely available simulation program LT Spice. Challenges and difficulties have been to obtain parameter values for components that are relevant for the high frequencies produced by the short rise time in lightning surges. The main conclusions are: the maximum current in the lightning discharge has the largest impact on the system voltages and surges in the external grid can produce standing waves in the system, causing significant overvoltages even in low voltage systems. The simulations produced larger overvoltages than would occur in a real system, which also would dampen the high frequency signals to a larger extent. Further work to obtain models better suited for high frequency simulation is suggested.

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    EXAMENSARBETE ERIK AHLSTRÖM
  • 17. Ahmad, H.
    et al.
    Coppens, S.
    Uzunoglu, Bahri
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Connection of an Offshore Wind Park to HVDC Converter Platform without Using Offshore AC Collector Platforms2013In: Green Technologies Conference, 2013 IEEE, 2013, p. 400-406Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18. Ahmad, M R
    et al.
    Esa, M R M
    Rahman, Mahbubur
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Measurement of bit error rate at 2,4 GHz due to lightning interference2012In: Proceeding of the 31st International Conference on Lightning Protection ICLP 2012, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyzes the interference of lightning flashes with wireless communication systems operating in the microwave band at 2.4 GHz. A bit error rate (BER) measurement method was used to evaluate BER during 3 heavy thunderstorms on January 25, March 17 and March 20, all in year 2011. In addition, BER measurements also were done on January 21 and March 30, 2011 under fair weather (FW) conditions providing a baseline for comparison. The Transmitter-Receiver separation was fixed at 10 meter with line-of-sight (LOS) consideration. We infer that lightning interfered with the transmitted digital pulses which resulted in a higher recorded BER. The maximum recorded BER was 9.9·101 and the average recorded BER was 9.95·10 -3 during the thunderstorms with the average fair weather BER values under the influence of adjacent channel interference (ACI) and co-channel interference (CCI) being 1.75·10-5 and 7.35·10 -6 respectively. We conclude that wireless communication systems operating at 2.4 GHz microwave frequency can be significantly interfered by lightning.

  • 19.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
    Interaction of Lightning Flashes with Wireless Communication Networks: Special Attention to Narrow Bipolar Pulses2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis, the features of electric field signatures of narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs) generated by cloud flashes are investigated and their effects on wireless communication systems are studied. A handful amount of NBPs (14.5%) have been observed to occur as part of cloud-to-ground flashes in South Malaysia. Occurrence of NBPs in Sweden has been reported for the first time in this thesis. The electric field waveform characteristics of NBPs as part of cloud-to-ground flashes were similar to isolated NBPs found in Sweden and South Malaysia and also to those isolated NBPs reported by previous studies from various geographical areas. This is a strong indication that their breakdown mechanisms are similar at any latitudes regardless of geographical areas.

    A comparative study on the occurrence of NBPs and other forms of lightning flashes across various geographical areas ranging from northern regions to the tropics is presented. As the latitude decreased from Uppsala, Sweden (59.8°N) to South Malaysia (1.5°N), the percentage of NBP emissions relative to the total number of lightning flashes increased significantly from 0.13% to 12%. Occurrences of positive NBPs were more common than negative NBPs at all observed latitudes. However, as latitudes decreased, the negative NBP emissions increased significantly from 20% (Sweden) to 45% (South Malaysia). Factors involving mixed-phase region elevations and vertical extents of thundercloud tops are invoked to explain the observed results. These factors are fundamentally latitude dependent.

    In this thesis, the interaction between microwave radiations emitted by cloud-to-ground and cloud flashes events and bits transmission in wireless communication networks are also presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such effects are investigated in the literature. Narrow bipolar pulses were found to be the strongest source of interference that interfered with the bits transmission.

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  • 20.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Esa, Mona Riza Binti Mohd
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Narrow bipolar pulses and associated microwave radiation2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Esa, Mona Riza Binti Mohd
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Dutkiewicz, Eryk
    Interference from cloud-to-ground and cloud flashes in wireless communication system2014In: Electric power systems research, ISSN 0378-7796, E-ISSN 1873-2046, Vol. 113, p. 237-246Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, cloud-to-ground (CG) flash and intra-cloud (IC) flash events that interfere with the transmission of bits in wireless communication system operating at 2.4 GHz were analyzed. Bit error rate (BER) and consecutive lost datagram (CLD) measurement methods were used to evaluate BER and burst error from 3 tropical thunderstorms on November 27, 28, and 29 during 2012 northeastern monsoon in Malaysia. A total of 850 waveforms from the electric field change recording system were recorded and examined. Out of these, 94 waveforms of very fine structure were selected which matched perfectly with the timing information of the recorded BER. We found that both CG and IC flashes interfered significantly with the transmission of bits in wireless communication system. The severity of the interference depends mainly on two factors namely the number of pulses and the amplitude intensity of the flash. The interference level becomes worst when the number of pulses in a flash increases and the amplitude intensity of pulses in a flash intensifies. During thunderstorms, wireless communication system has experienced mostly intermittent interference due to burst error. Occasionally, in the presence of very intense NBP event, wireless communication system could experience total communication lost. In CG flash, it can be concluded that PBP is the major. source of interference that interfered with the bits transmission and caused the largest burst error. In IC flash, we found that the typical IC pulses interfered the bits transmission in the same way as PBP and mixed events in CG flash and produced comparable and in some cases higher amount of burst error. NBP has been observed to interfere the bits transmission more severely than typical IC and CG flashes and caused the most severe burst error to wireless communication system.

  • 22.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Esa, Mona Riza Binti Mohd
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Dutkiewicz, Eryk
    Performance analysis of audio streaming over lightning-interfered MIMO channels2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Esa, Mona Riza Binti Mohd
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Rahman, Mahbubur
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Dutkiewicz, E.
    Wireless Communications and Networking Lab, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australien.
    Lightning interference in multiple antennas wireless communication systems2012In: Journal of Lightning Research, ISSN 1652-8034, Vol. 4, p. 155-165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyzes the interference of lightning flashes with multiple antennas wireless communicationsystems operating in the microwave band at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. A bit error rate (BER) measurement method was usedto evaluate BER and packet error rate (PER) during 5 heavy thunderstorms on January 25 and March 17 to 20, 2011,respectively. In addition, BER measurements also were done on January 21 and March 30, 2011 under fair weather (FW)conditions providing a baseline for comparison. The Transmitter-Receiver separation was fixed at 10 meter with line-ofsight(LOS) consideration. We infer that lightning interfered with the transmitted digital pulses which resulted in a higherrecorded BER. The maximum recorded BER was 9.9·10-1 and the average recorded BER and PER were 2.07·10-2 and2.44·10-2 respectively during the thunderstorms with the average fair weather BER and PER values under the influence ofadjacent channel interference (ACI) and co-channel interference (CCI) being 1.75·10-5 and 7.35·10-6 respectively. Weconclude that multiple antennas wireless communication systems operating at the microwave frequency can besignificantly interfered by lightning.

  • 24.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Mohd Esa, Mona Riza Binti
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Hettiarachchi, Pasan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Preliminary Observations of Lightning Signature At 2400 MHz in Sweden Thunderstorm2012In: / [ed] BinSulaiman, HA; Jaafar, A, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2012, p. 88-91Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a preliminary observation of lightning signature at 2400 MHz. We believe this is the first time such observation was made in such frequency band. One positive ground discharge and one cloud discharge waveforms have been selected from a collection of waveforms recorded using fast and slow broadband antenna systems. In addition, waveforms recorded directly from 2400 MHz whip antenna associated with the selected ground and cloud discharges waveforms were observed. The measurements were carried out in Uppsala, Sweden in July 2012. We discovered a possible lightning signature at 2400 MHz with the existence of bursts of pulses happened to occur simultaneously with preliminary breakdown, negative return stroke and cloud pulses. These bursts of pulses possibly interfered in some ways with the transmitted bits leading to higher recorded error bits during the thunderstorm.

  • 25.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Mohd Esa, Mona Riza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Occurrence of Narrow Bipolar Event as Part of Cloud-to-Ground Flash in Tropical Thunderstorms2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Mohd Esa, Mona Riza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Similarity between the Initial Breakdown Pulses of Negative Ground Flash and Narrow Bipolar Pulses2014In: 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP), IEEE conference proceedings, 2014, p. 810-813Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, temporal characteristics of several initial electric field pulses of preliminary breakdown process (PBP) from very close negative cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes are compared to close narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs) to observe any similarity that may exists. Interestingly, we found that the initial PBP pulses are similar to close NBP with zero crossing time less than 5 mu s, do not preceded by any slow field change and followed by pronounce static component. As NBPs are believed to be a result of relativistic runaway electron avalanches discharge, this finding is an indication that the initial electric field pulses of PBP are perhaps the result of the same discharge mechanism.

  • 27.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Mohd Esa, Mona Riza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Baharudin, Zikri Abadi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
    Hettiarachchi, Pasan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Latitude Dependence of Narrow Bipolar Pulse Emissions2015In: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, ISSN 1364-6826, E-ISSN 1879-1824, Vol. 128, p. 40-45Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Mohd Esa, Mona Riza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Hettiarachchi, Pasan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Baharudin, Zikri Abadi
    Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
    Electric Field Signature of Narrow Bipolar Pulse Observed in Sweden2014In: Atmospheric research, ISSN 0169-8095, E-ISSN 1873-2895Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Mohd Esa, Mona Riza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Johari, Dalina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Ismail, Mohd Muzafar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Chaotic Pulse Train in Cloud-to-Ground and Cloud Flashes of Tropical Thunderstorms2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we report for the first time the observation of chaotic pulse train (CPT) preceding natural subsequent negative return strokes and also CPT occurrence in IC flashes from tropical thunderstorms in South Malaysia. In CG flashes, all CPTs were occurred in between return strokes with 41.1% have occurred between the first and second return strokes. The maximum number of CPT in one sequence is 3, which can be observed between the first and third return strokes only. In IC flashes, all CPTs were observed to occur in between IC flash pulses.

  • 30.
    Ahmad, Mohd Riduan
    et al.
    UTEM, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
    Periannan, Dinesh
    UTEM, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
    Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Mohammad
    UTEM, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
    Abd Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin
    UTEM, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
    Esa, Mona Riza Mohd
    UTM, Inst Voltan Tinggi & Arus Tinggi IVAT, Johor Bharu, Malaysia.
    Lu, Gaopeng
    Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Hongbo
    Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Emission Heights of Narrow Bipolar Events in a Tropical Storm over the Malacca Strait2017In: 2017 International Conference On Electrical Engineering And Computer Science (Icecos), IEEE , 2017, p. 305-309Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Emission heights for narrow bipolar events (NBEs) have been reported mostly from observations at mid latitudes but none have been reported from tropical regions. In this paper, we are reporting for the first time the heights of NBE emissions from a tropical storm over the Malacca Strait, a narrow water passage between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra Island. A total of 49 positive NBEs (+NBEs) were detected from the storm. The NBE activity can be divided into two stages according to the emission heights and radar reflectivity data. The first stage (or S1) lasted for only 6 minutes, started with the first detected NBE, and produced 20 NBEs (41%). The emission heights ranged between 12.0 and 16.7 km. Radar reflectivity data showed that the storm reached maximum values at 55 dBZ within the period S1. In contrast, the second stage (S2) lasted longer (32 minutes) and produced 29 NBEs (59%). The emission heights were lower and ranged from 8.5 to 13.7 km. Radar reflectivity data showed that the storm reached maximum values at 50 dBZ within the period S2.

  • 31.
    Ahmad, M.R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Rashid, M.
    Aziz, M.H.A.
    Esa, M.R.M.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Rahman, Mahbubur
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Dutkiewicz, E.
    Analysis of Lightning-induced Transient in 2.4 GHz Wireless Communication System2011In: Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), Penang, Malaysia, pp225-230, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Ahmad, Noor Azlinda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Broadband and HF Radiation from Cloud Flashes and Narrow Bipolar Pulses2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Remote measurement of electric field generated by lightning has played a major role in understanding the lightning phenomenon. Even though other measurements such as photographic and channel base current have contributed to this research field, due to practical reasons remote measurements of electric field is considered as the most useful tool in lightning research.

    This thesis discusses the remotely measured radiation field component of electric field generated by cloud flashes (ICs) and narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs). The associated HF radiation of these events at 3 MHz and 30 MHz are also discussed. To understand the initiation process of these discharges, a comparative study of the initial pulse of cloud flashes against the initial pulse of cloud to ground flashes was conducted. The result suggests that both discharges might have been initiated by similar physical processes inside the thunderclouds. Comparing the features of initial pulse of cloud and ground flashes with that of pulses that appeared in the later stages of cloud flashes suggests that the initiation process involved in both flashes are not very much different from the initiation of cloud flashes at the later stage. The average spectral amplitudes of electric field of full duration cloud flashes (180 ms) showed -1 frequency dependence within the interval of 10 kHz to approximately 10 MHz. This is in contrast to the standard -2 decrement (or even steeper ) at high frequency region for other lightning processes such as return strokes. It was suggested that small pulses which repeatedly appeared at the later stage of cloud flashes might have contributed to enhance the spectral amplitude at higher frequencies.

    Electric fields generated by Narrow Bipolar Pulses (NBPs), which are considered as one of the strongest sources of HF radiation, were measured in the tropics of Malaysia and Sri Lanka.  Their features were also studied and show a good agreement with previously published observations of NBPs from other geographical regions. Thorough analyses and observations of these pulses found previously unreported sharp, fine peaks embedded in the rising and decaying edge of the electric field change of NBPs. Therefore it was suggested that these fine peaks are mostly responsible for the intense HF radiation at 30 MHz.

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  • 33.
    Ahmad, Noor Azlinda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Broadband and HF radiation from cloud flashes and narrow bipolar pulses2010Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Remote measurement of electric field generated by lightning has played a major role in understanding the lightning phenomenon. Even though other measurements such as optical, photographic, channel base current and thunder signatures have contributed in this regards, due to practical reasons remote measurements of electric field is considered as the most useful tool in lightning research. This thesis discussed about the remotely measured radiation field component of electric field generated by cloud flashes (ICs) and narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs). The associated HF radiation of these events at 3 MHz and 30 MHz were also discussed. To understand the initiation process of these discharges, a comparative study of the initial pulse of cloud flashes with the initial pulse of cloud to ground flashes was conducted. The result suggests that both discharges might have been initiated by similar physical process inside the thunderclouds. Comparing the features of initial pulse of cloud and ground flashes with that of pulses appeared in the later stages of cloud flashes suggests that the initiation process involved in both flashes are not very much differ from the initiation of cloud flashes at the later stage. The average spectral amplitudes of electric field for first 120 ms of cloud flashes showed f-1 frequency dependence within the interval of 100 kHz to about 2 MHz and does not follow the standard f-2 decrease (or even more) at high frequency region. It was suggested that small pulses which repeatedly appeared at the later stage of cloud flashes might have contribute to enhance the spectral amplitude at higher frequencies. Electric fields generated by Narrow Bipolar Pulses (NBPs), which are considered as one of the strongest source of HF radiation were measured in Malaysia in the tropic and their features were also studied. Result shows a good agreement with previously published observations of NBPs in other geographical regions. The pulse duration of NBPs is varied within 20 – 30μs with the normalized peak amplitude is of the order of 10 V/m, averagely 2– 3 times larger than the peak amplitude of ordinary return strokes. They were observed to emit intense burst of HF radiation at 30 MHz. Thorough analyses and observation of these pulses found previously unreported sharp, fine peaks embedded at the rising and decaying edge of the electric field change of NBPs. Therefore it was suggested that these fine peaks were most probably to be responsible for the intense HF radiation at 30 MHz.

  • 34. Ahmad, Noor Azlinda
    et al.
    Baharudin, Zikri A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Fernando, M.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Radiation field spectra of long-duration cloud flashes2015In: Atmospheric Science Letters, E-ISSN 1530-261X, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 91-95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The preliminary results of radiation electric fields produced by long-duration cloud flashes have been Fourier analyzed to determine the frequency spectrum in the range of 10kHz-10MHz. The flashes were recorded within a distance of less than 20km. The spectrum was normalized to 50km distance and it shows a f(-1) dependence within the entire frequency range.

  • 35.
    Ahmad, Noor Azlinda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Fernando, Mahendra
    Baharudin, Z. A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Rahman, Mahbubur
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Saleh, Ziad
    Dwyer, Joseph R.
    Rassoul, Hamid K.
    The first electric field pulse of cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges2010In: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, ISSN 1364-6826, E-ISSN 1879-1824, Vol. 72, no 2-3, p. 143-150Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the first electric field pulse of cloud and cloud-to-ground discharges were analyzed and compared with other pulses of cloud discharges. Thirty eight cloud discharges and 101 cloud-to-ground discharges have been studied in this analysis. Pulses in cloud discharges were classified as [`]small', [`]medium' and [`]large', depending upon the value of their relative amplitude with respect to that of the average amplitude of the five largest pulses in the flash. We found that parameters, such as pulse duration, rise time, zero crossing time and full-width at half-maximum (FWHMs) of the first pulse of cloud and cloud-to-ground discharges are similar to small pulses that appear in the later stage of cloud discharges. Hence, we suggest that the mechanism of the first pulse of cloud and cloud-to-ground discharges and the mechanism of pulses at the later stage of cloud discharges could be the same.

  • 36.
    Ahmad, Noor Azlinda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Fernando, Mahendra
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Baharudin, Zikri A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Ahmad, H.
    Malek, Z. Abdul
    Characteristics of narrow bipolar pulses observed in Malaysia2010In: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, ISSN 1364-6826, E-ISSN 1879-1824, Vol. 72, no 5-6, p. 534-540Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs) are considered as isolated intracloud events with higher peak amplitude and strong high frequency emission compared to the first return strokes and other intracloud discharges. From 182 NBPs recorded in Malaysia in the tropic, 75 were narrow negative bipolar pulses (NNBPs) while 107 were narrow positive bipolar pulses (NPBPs). The mean duration of NNBPs was 24.6 +/- 17.1 mu s, while 30.2 +/- 12.3 mu s was observed for NPBPs. The mean full-width at half-maximum (FVVHM) was 2.2 +/- 0.7 and 2.4 +/- 1.4 mu s for NNBPs and NPBPs, respectively. The mean peak amplitude of NPBPs normalized to 100 km was 22.7 V/m, a factor of 1.3 higher than that of NNBPs which is 17.6 V/m. In contrast to the previous studies, it was observed that the electric field change was characterized by a bipolar pulse with a significant amount of fine structures separated by a few tens of nanoseconds intervals, embedded on it. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 37.
    Ahmad, Noor Azlinda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Fernando, Mahendra
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    ON THE DERIVATIVES OF NARROW BIPOLAR PULSES2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 38. Aidanpää, J.-O
    et al.
    Gustavsson, R. K.
    Lundström, N. L. P
    Karlsson, M.
    Calleecharan, Y.
    Nässelqvist, M. L.
    Karlberg, M.
    Lundin, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Developments in Rotor Dynamical Modeling of Hydropower units2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Aihara, Aya
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Kawaguchi, T.
    Miki, N.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tokyo, Japan..
    Azami, T.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tokyo, Japan..
    Sakamoto, H.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tokyo, Japan..
    Okuma, M.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tokyo, Japan..
    A Vibration Estimation Method for Wind Turbine Blades2017In: Experimental mechanics, ISSN 0014-4851, E-ISSN 1741-2765, Vol. 57, no 8, p. 1213-1224Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports the development of a vibration monitoring system for wind turbine blades. This system is used to estimate the deflection at the tip blade on a wind turbine tower. Technical accidents of wind turbine blades have become increasingly common. Thus, regular monitoring of the blades is very important to prevent breakdowns, especially in cases when the blades begin to vibrate excessively. The monitoring system developed in this study satisfies two main objectives for practicality. First, our system is easy to install on existing wind turbines. Second, blade deflection is measured in real time. Our system can be operated using a few strain gages attached at the blade root, and the deflection is calculated based on the monitored stress. Thus, direct measurement of deflection at the blade tip is unnecessary. An estimation algorithm for this purpose is adopted based on the experimental modal analysis. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the estimation algorithm to investigate the feasibility of our system. Basic experiments were conducted using a simple blade model of a 300 W scaled wind turbine under rotation. Signals from the strain gages were acquired by a sensor network and sent to a computer through a wireless connection. The results show that the estimation accuracy is acceptably high. Therefore, we conclude that our proposed system is practical.

  • 40.
    Aihara, Aya
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Uzunoglu, Bahri
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Goude, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Wind Flow Resource Analysis Of Urban Structures: A Validation Study2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to have better insight into the physics of the urban wind turbines, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow solver has been developed for industrial applications by Uppsala University and SOLUTE Ingenieros. Urban wind resource assessment for small scale wind applications present several challenges and complexities for that are different from large-scale wind power generation. Urban boundary layer relevant in this regime of flows have different horizontal profiles impacted by the buildings, low speed wind regimes, separation and different turbulence characteristics. Preliminary measurement results will be presented for a particular site in Huesca Spain where a measurement campaign is undertaken to validate the CFD results.

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    fulltext
  • 41.
    Aihara, Aya
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Uzunoğlu, Bahri
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
    Vortex induced vibration energy extraction modeling via forced versus free vibration2017In: Proceedings Of Oceans 2017 - Aberdeen, IEEE, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Vortex induced vibrations (VIV) for energy extraction have been revisited in last years by both marine power and wind power communities. Even though vortex induced vibrations have been focus of research for many years, energy extraction from vortex induced vibrations is relevantly new field which needs more detailed investigation and modeling. To this end, there has been recent experimental and modeling parametric studies where VIV was modeled by solution of one-degree-of-freedom ordinary differential equation spring system where engineering modeling of vortex induced vibration for energy extraction has been investigated based on a spring system with the forces defined from forced oscillation experiments where full coupling of free oscillations were not taken into account. Herein a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of a circular cylinder will be studied to compare forced and free vibrations in the context of vortex-induced energy extraction. The model is essentially solved by partial differential isothermal incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to model fully mathematical model of the fluid-structure interaction of vortex induced vibration. The comparison between forced and free oscillation response studies of this paper will serve to improve the scientific knowledge where vortex induced vibration modeling are comparatively more limited. The preliminary results are presented herein for forced and free oscillations for the Reynolds number regimes Re = 100 and Re = 3800 in two dimensions for combinations of amplitudes and frequency of oscillations in the context of energy extraction modeling.

  • 42.
    Akyuz, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Materials Science. Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. DIVISION FOR ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING RESEARCH.
    Cooray, V
    The Franklin lightning conductor: Conditions necessary for the initiation of a connecting leader2001In: Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 51-52, p. 319-325Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Akyuz, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Materials Science. Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. DIVISION FOR ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING RESEARCH.
    Gao, L
    Larsson, A
    Cooray, V
    Streamer current in a three-electrode system2001In: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 665-672Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Akyuz, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Materials Science. Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. DIVISION FOR ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING RESEARCH.
    Gao, L
    Larsson, A
    Cooray, V
    Gustavsson, TG
    Gubanski, SM
    Positive Streamer Discharges along Insulating Surfaces2001In: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 8, no 6, p. 902-910Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Akyuz, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. DIVISION FOR ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING RESEARCH.
    Larsson, A
    Cooray, V
    Strandberg, G
    3D simulation of streamer branching in air2003In: Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 59, p. 115-141Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Akyuz, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Materials Science. Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. DIVISION FOR ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING RESEARCH.
    Larsson, A
    Cooray, V
    Strandberg, G
    3D Simulations of Streamer Branching in Air2002Report (Other scientific)
  • 47. Akyuz, Mose
    et al.
    Cortet, P.P.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. Avdelningen för elektricitetslära och åskforskning.
    Positive Streamer Discharges along Liquid Dielectric Surfaces: Effect of Dielectric Constant and Surface Properties2005In: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 579-585Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Al-Saour, Rafal
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Automatisering av stackning2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This project describes the process and the result of automating a moment in the production of a wave power generator. The project goal is to improve a stacking tool, as well as simulating this process to be able to use it in the production of stator valleys.

     

    The project started with an investigation and a study of the tool, which has been used in laboratory work at Angstrom Laboratory at Uppsala University. It was necessary to study even the robot, which was used in the automating.

     

    The project started by constructing a prototype based on the design of the old tool. The tool became updated with suction cups and electromagnets. The first task which resulted an advantage of the new prototype was to make the sheets movement more reliable. The disadvantage is that it can only take one sheet at a time which prolongs the stacking time. The second task was to simulate the stackning momentum.

     

    To simulate the entire process of the project, a robot cell model was created in the "ABB-Robotstudio" program. The aim was to develop a specific simulation moment based on a previous research project (Robotized Stacking of the Uppsala University Wave Energy Converter Generator Stator) by Erik Hultman and Marcus Linder at Uppsala University.

     

    The results of the tests showed that the instrument worked as it supposed to do and steering of the stator’s sheets movement was secure.

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  • 49. Amarasinghe, Dulan
    et al.
    Sonnadara, Upul
    Berg, Marcus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Cooray, Vernon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity.
    Fractal dimension of long electrical discharges2015In: Journal of Electrostatics, ISSN 0304-3886, E-ISSN 1873-5738, Vol. 73, p. 33-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The fractal dimension of 500 mm long electrical discharges is presented by analyzing a set of photographic images. Three popular fractal dimension estimation techniques, box counting, sandbox and correlation function methods were used to estimate the fractal dimension of the discharge channels. To remove the apparent thickness due to varying magnitudes of current in the discharge channels, edge detection algorithms were utilized. The estimated fractal dimensions for box counting, sandbox and correlation function for long laboratory sparks were 1.20 +/- 0.06,1.66 +/- 0.05 and 1.52 +/- 0.12 respectively. Within statistical uncertainties, the estimated fractal dimensions of positive and negative polarities agreed very well. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 50. Anatory, J.
    et al.
    Theethayi, Nelson
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. Avdelningen för elektricitetslära och åskforskning.
    Thottappillil, Rajeev
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Electricity. Avdelningen för elektricitetslära och åskforskning.
    Kissaka, M.M.
    Mvungi, N.H.
    The Effects Of Iterconnections And Branched Network In The Broadband Powerline Communications2005In: XXVIIIth General Assembly of International Union of Radio Sciences, New Delhi, India, October 23-29, 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
1234567 1 - 50 of 1787
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