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  • 1.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Jokilaakso, Nima
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Schmidt, Torsten
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Björk, P.
    Eriksson Karlström, Amelie
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Effect of microwave-assisted silanization on sensing properties of silicon nanoribbon FETs2015In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 209, p. 586-595Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important concern with using silicon nanoribbon field-effect transistors (SiNR FET) for ion-sensing is the pH-response of the gate oxide surface. Depending on the application of the FET sensor, this response has to be chemically manipulated. Thus in silicon oxide-gated pH-sensors with integrated sensor and reference FETS, a surface with high pH-sensitivity, compared to the bare gate oxide, is required in the sensor FETs (SEFET), whereas in the reference FETs (REFET) the surface has to be relatively pH-insensitive. In order to control the sensitivity and chemistry of the oxide surface of the nanoribbons, a silanization reagent with a functional group is often self-assembled on the SiNR surface. Choice of a silanization reaction that results in a self-assembled layer on a silicon oxide surface has been studied extensively over the past decades. However, the effect of various self-assembled layers such as monolayers or mixed layers on the electrical response of SiNR FETs in aqueous solution needs to be exploited further, especially for future integrated SEFET/REFET systems. In this work, we have performed a comprehensive study on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) silanization of silicon oxide surfaces using microwave (MW) heating as a new biocompatible route to conventional methods. A set of complementary surface characterization techniques (ellipsometry, AFM and ATR-FTIR) was used to analyze the properties of the APTES layer deposited on the silicon surface. We have found that a uniform monolayer can be achieved within 10 min by heating the silanization solution to 75 degrees C using MW heating. Furthermore, electrical measurements suggest that little change in device performance is observed after exposure to MW irradiation. Real-time pH measurements indicate that a uniform APTES monolayer not only reduces the pH sensitivity of SiNR FET by passivating the surface silanol groups, but also makes the device less sensitive to cation concentration in the background electrolyte. Our silanization route proves promising for future chemical surface modification of on-chip REFETs.

  • 2.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Jokilaakso, Nima
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Schmidt, Torsten
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Eriksson Karlström, Amelie
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Microwave-assisted silanization of SiNW-FET: characterization and effect on sensing propertiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Structure-dependent charge transfer at the interafce between organic thin films, and metals and metal oxides2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the research work, presented in this thesis is to offer a detailed atomic level study of interfaces created by adsorption of organic molecules on metals and metal oxides to point out significant impact of substrate, dye structure as well as different mediators on the charge transfer at these interfaces, which is proven to influence the device performance to a great extent.

    Adsorption of organic photosensitive molecules on metals and metal-oxides is the main focus of this thesis. Phthalocyanines which are organic semiconductors offer a broad range of properties, such as thermal and chemical stability, high charge mobility and strong absorption coefficient in the visible and near-IR regions, which make them very attractive to be applied in various systems and devices. Fuel cells, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells are examples of phthalocyanine’s applications. The main focus of this work is to characterize the interfaces of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).

    DSSC was invented by Michael Grätzel and Brian O’Regan in 1988. At the heart of this cell there is an oxide which is coated by a photosensitive dye. Under illumination, an electron is excited from HOMO to LUMO of the molecule, which can be further transferred to the conduction band of the oxide by a proper energy level alignment. The original state of the dye is regenerated by electron donation via the electrolyte, which usually is an organic solvent containing a redox couple e.g., iodide/triiodide. The iodide is regenerated by reduction of triiodide at the counter electrode. To improve the functionality of the cell, different additives can be added to the electrolyte.

    To mimic the interfaces of this cell, molecular layers of MPc (M: Fe, Zn, Mg) are adsorbed on both metallic surfaces, Au(111) and Pt(111), and rutile TiO2(110). Layers of iodine were inserted between metallic substrates and dyes to investigate the electronic properties and charge transfer at these multi-interface systems. 4-tert-butyl pyridine is a significant additive to the electrolyte and has proven to enhance the cell’s performance. This molecule was also adsorbed on Pt(111) and TiO2(110). Phthalocyanines were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition and 4TBP was evaporated at room temperature. Surface structures and reconstructions were confirmed by LEED measurements. Surface sensitive synchrotron radiation based spectroscopy methods, XPS and NEXAFS were applied to characterize these surfaces and interfaces. STM images directly give a topographical and electronic map over the surface. All measurements were carried out in UHV condition.

    When MPc was adsorbed on Au(111) and TiO2(110), charge transfer from molecule to substrate is suggested, while the opposite holds for MPc adsorbed on Pt(111). Moreover, stronger interaction between MPc and Pt(111) and TiO2(110) compared to Au(111) also demonstrates the effect of substrate on the charge transfer at the interface. The stronger interaction observed for these two substrates disturbed the smooth growth of a monolayer; it also resulted in bending of the molecular plane. Interaction of MPc with metallic surfaces was modified by inserting iodine at the interface. Another substrate-related effect was observed when MgPc was adsorbed on TiO2(110);  and -cross linked surfaces, where the surface reconstruction directly affect the molecular configuration as well as electronic structure at the interface. Besides, it is shown that the d-orbital filling of the central metal atom in MPc plays an important role for the properties of the molecular layer as well as charge transfer at the interface.

    Upon adsorption of 4TBP on Pt(111), C-H bond is dissociatively broken and molecules is adsorbed with N atoms down. Modification of surface by iodine, prevent this dissociation. In the low coverage of iodine, there is a competition between 4TBP and iodine to directly bind to Pt(111). Investigation on the adsorption of 4TBP on TiO2(110) illustrated that these molecules in low coverage regime, prefer the oxygen vacancy sites and their adsorption on these sites, results in a downward band bending at the substrate’s surface. 

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    Thesis
  • 4.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    Bidermane, Ieva
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interface and the effect of iodine2014In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 140, no 17, p. 174702-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic structure of ZnPc, from sub-monolayers to thick films, on bare and iodated Pt(111) is studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results suggest that at low coverage ZnPc lies almost parallel to the Pt(111) substrate, in a non-planar configuration induced by Zn-Pt attraction, leading to an inhomogeneous charge distribution within the molecule and an inhomogeneous charge transfer to the molecule. ZnPc does not form a complete monolayer on the Pt surface, due to a surface-mediated intermolecular repulsion. At higher coverage ZnPc adopts a tilted geometry, due to a reduced molecule-substrate interaction. Our photoemission results illustrate that ZnPc is practically decoupled from Pt, already from the second layer. Pre-deposition of iodine on Pt hinders the Zn-Pt attraction, leading to a non-distorted first layer ZnPc in contact with Pt(111)-I(root 3x root 3) or Pt(111)-I(root 7x root 7), and a more homogeneous charge distribution and charge transfer at the interface. On increased ZnPc thickness iodine is dissolved in the organic film where it acts as an electron acceptor dopant.

  • 5.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    Bidermane, Leva
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Effect of the iodineon the site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interfaceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Bidermane, Leva
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Dissociative bonding of 4-tert-butyl pyridine to Pt(111) and surface passivation by iodineManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Shariati, M. Nina
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Molecular layers of ZnPc and FePc on Au(111) surface: Charge transfer and chemical interaction2012In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 137, no 8, p. 084705-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc) thick films and monolayers on Au(111) using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both molecules are adsorbed flat on the surface at monolayer. ZnPc keeps this orientation in all investigated coverages, whereas FePc molecules stand up in the thick film. The stronger inter-molecular interaction of FePc molecules leads to change of orientation, as well as higher conductivity in FePc layer in comparison with ZnPc, which is reflected in thickness-dependent differences in core-level shifts. Work function changes indicate that both molecules donate charge to Au; through the pi-system. However, the Fe3d derived lowest unoccupied molecular orbital receives charge from the substrate when forming an interface state at the Fermi level. Thus, the central atom plays an important role in mediating the charge, but the charge transfer as a whole is a balance between the two different charge transfer channels; pi-system and the central atom.

  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Reduced Au-MPc hole injection barrier by an intermediate iodine layerManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Zuleta, Marcelo
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Charge transfer and band bending on TiO2(110)-MgPcManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 10. An, Wei
    et al.
    Baber, Ashleigh E.
    Xu, Fang
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Stacchiola, Dario
    Liu, Ping
    Mechanistic Study of CO Titration on CuxO/Cu(111) (x <= 2) Surfaces2014In: ChemCatChem, ISSN 1867-3880, E-ISSN 1867-3899, Vol. 6, no 8, p. 2364-2372Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reducibility of metal oxides is of great importance to their catalytic behavior. Herein, we combined ambient-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (AP-STM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (AP-XPS), and DFT calculations to study the CO titration of CuxO thin films supported on Cu(111) (CuxO/Cu(111)) aiming to gain a better understanding of the roles that the Cu(111) support and surface defects play in tuning catalytic performances. Different conformations have been observed during the reduction, namely, the 44 structure and a recently identified (5-7-7-5) Stone-Wales defects (5-7 structure). The DFT calculations revealed that the Cu(111) support is important to the reducibility of supported CuxO thin films. Compared with the case for the Cu2O(111) bulk surface, at the initial stage CO titration is less favorable on both the 44 and 5-7 structures. The strong CuxO <-> Cu interaction accompanied with the charge transfer from Cu to CuxO is able to stabilize the oxide film and hinder the removal of O. However, with the formation of more oxygen vacancies, the binding between CuxO and Cu(111) is weakened and the oxide film is destabilized, and Cu2O(111) is likely to become the most stable system under the reaction conditions. In addition, the surface defects also play an essential role. With the proceeding of the CO titration reaction, the 5-7 structure displays the highest activity among all three systems. Stone-Wales defects on the surface of the 5-7 structure exhibit a large difference from the 44 structure and Cu2O(111) in CO binding energy, stability of lattice oxygen, and, therefore, the reduction activity. The DFT results agree well with the experimental measurements, demonstrating that by adopting the unique conformation, the 5-7 structure is the active phase of CuxO, which is able to facilitate the redox reaction and the Cu2O/Cu(111)<-> Cu transition.

  • 11.
    Andersson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Towards an engineering approach to quality in engineering education2015In: Proceedings of 5:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar, 2015, p. 13-14Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Education quality is handled at many different levels in an education system, ranging all the way from external reviews of education programs at the top university level to the creation of effective learning conditions for students at the practitioners level. Each level has its own processes for quality assurance, and those processes are usually quite different. Here, I suggest one way of joining the different quality processes into a coherent model, which at the same time retain the main conceptual ideas of the already existing quality processes. The proposed model is presented as a flow diagram of an education system together with an idea about how to create both a trouble- shooting and a quality enhancement scheme based on this model. The model is inspired by the way engineers look at quality assurance in engineering systems and it can, hence, be particularly interesting for engineering educations. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    QualityEngineeringEducation
  • 12.
    Avila, Marta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Burks, Terrance
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Universtiy, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Surface functionalized nanofibers for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions2014In: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 245, p. 201-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers functionalized with amine groups (PAN-NH2) were prepared using a simple one-step reaction route. The PAN-NH2 nanofibers were investigated for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and the kinetic characteristics were evaluated in batch process. The adsorption process showed pH dependence and the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption occurred at pH = 2. The Langmuir adsorption model described well the experimental adsorption data and estimated a maximum loading capacity of 156 mg/g, which is a markedly high value compared to other adsorbents reported. The kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium was attained after 90 min and the experimental data followed a pseudo-second order model suggesting a chemisorption process as the rate limiting step. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) species on PAN-NH2 was facilitated through both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation. High desorption efficiency (> 90%) of Cr(VI) was achieved using diluted base solutions that may allow the reuse of PAN-NH2 nanofibers.

  • 13. Awad, A. A.
    et al.
    Durrenfeld, P.
    Houshang, A.
    Dvornik, M.
    Iacocca, E.
    Dumas, R. K.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Long-range mutual synchronization of spin Hall nano-oscillators2017In: Nature Physics, ISSN 1745-2473, E-ISSN 1745-2481, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 292-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The spin Hall effect in a non-magnetic metal with spin-orbit coupling injects transverse spin currents into adjacent magnetic layers, where the resulting spin transfer torque can drive spin wave auto-oscillations. Such spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) hold great promise as extremely compact and broadband microwave signal generators and magnonic spin wave injectors. Here we show that SHNOs can also be mutually synchronized with unprecedented efficiency. We demonstrate mutual synchronization of up to nine individual SHNOs, each separated by 300 nm. Through further tailoring of the connection regions we can extend the synchronization range to 4 mu m. The mutual synchronization is observed electrically as an increase in the power and coherence of the microwave signal, and confirmed optically using micro-Brillouin light scattering microscopy as two spin wave regions sharing the same spectral content, in agreement with our micromagnetic simulations.

  • 14. Baber, Ashleigh E.
    et al.
    Xu, Fang
    Dvorak, Filip
    Mudiyanselage, Kumudu
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Senanayake, Sanjaya D.
    Sadowski, Jerzy T.
    Rodriguez, José A.
    Matolín, Vladimír
    White, Michael G.
    Stacchiola, Darío J.
    In Situ Imaging of Cu2O under Reducing Conditions: Formation of Metallic Fronts by Mass Transfer2013In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0002-7863, E-ISSN 1520-5126, Vol. 135, no 45, p. 16781-16784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Active catalytic sites have traditionally been analyzed based on static representations of surface structures and characterization of materials before or after reactions. We show here by a combination of in situ microscopy and spectroscopy techniques that, in the presence of reactants, an oxide catalyst's chemical state and morphology are dynamically modified. The reduction of Cu2O films is studied under ambient pressures (AP) of CO. The use of complementary techniques allows us to identify intermediate surface oxide phases and determine how reaction fronts propagate across the surface by massive mass transfer of Cu atoms released during the reduction of the oxide phase in the presence of CO. High resolution in situ imaging by AP scanning tunneling microscopy (AP-STM) shows that the reduction of the oxide films is initiated at defects both on step edges and the center of oxide terraces.

  • 15. Baber, Ashleigh E.
    et al.
    Yang, Xiaofang
    Kim, Hyun You
    Mudiyanselage, Kumudu
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Senanayake, Sanjaya D.
    Al-Mahboob, Abdullah
    Sadowski, Jerzy T.
    Evans, Jaime
    Rodriguez, Jose A.
    Liu, Ping
    Hoffmann, Friedrich M.
    Chen, Jingguang G.
    Stacchiola, Dario J.
    Stabilization of Catalytically Active Cu plus Surface Sites on TitaniumCopper Mixed-Oxide Films**2014In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 53, no 21, p. 5336-5340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The oxidation of CO is the archetypal heterogeneous catalytic reaction and plays a central role in the advancement of fundamental studies, the control of automobile emissions, and industrial oxidation reactions. Copper-based catalysts were the first catalysts that were reported to enable the oxidation of CO at room temperature, but a lack of stability at the elevated reaction temperatures that are used in automobile catalytic converters, in particular the loss of the most reactive Cu+ cations, leads to their deactivation. Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, it is shown how the incorporation of titanium cations in a Cu2O film leads to the formation of a stable mixed-metal oxide with a Cu+ terminated surface that is highly active for CO oxidation.

  • 16. Babkevich, P.
    et al.
    Jeong, M.
    Matsumoto, Y.
    Kovacevic, I.
    Finco, A.
    Toft-Petersen, R.
    Ritter, C.
    Månsson, Martin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ICMP, Lab Quantum Magnetism, Switzerland.
    Nakatsuji, S.
    Ronnow, H. M.
    Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Dipolar Antiferromagnets2016In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 116, no 19, article id 197202Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report ac susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron scattering measurements on a dipolar-coupled antiferromagnet LiYbF4. For the thermal transition, the order-parameter critical exponent is found to be 0.20(1) and the specific-heat critical exponent -0.25(1). The exponents agree with the 2D XY/h(4) universality class despite the lack of apparent two-dimensionality in the structure. The order-parameter exponent for the quantum phase transitions is found to be 0.35(1) corresponding to (2 + 1)D. These results are in line with those found for LiErF4 which has the same crystal structure, but largely different T-N, crystal field environment and hyperfine interactions. Our results therefore experimentally establish that the dimensional reduction is universal to quantum dipolar antiferromagnets on a distorted diamond lattice.

  • 17. Bagschik, K.
    et al.
    Frömter, R.
    Müller, L.
    Roseker, W.
    Bach, J.
    Staeck, P.
    Thönnißen, C.
    Schleitzer, S.
    Hårdensson Berntsen, Magnus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weier, C.
    Adam, R.
    Viefhaus, J.
    Schneider, C. M.
    Grübel, G.
    Oepen, H. P.
    Spatial coherence determination from the Fourier analysis of a resonant soft X-ray magnetic speckle pattern2016In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 24, no 20, p. 23162-23176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a method to determine the two-dimensional spatial coherence of synchrotron radiation in the soft X-ray regime by analyzing the Fourier transform of the magnetic speckle pattern from a ferromagnetic film in a multidomain state. To corroborate the results, a Young's double-pinhole experiment has been performed. The transverse coherence lengths in vertical and horizontal direction of both approaches are in a good agreement. The method presented here is simple and gives a direct access to the coherence properties of synchrotron radiation without nanostructured test objects.

  • 18. Bagschik, Kai
    et al.
    Froemter, Robert
    Bach, Judith
    Beyersdorff, Bjoern
    Mueller, Leonard
    Schleitzer, Stefan
    Berntsen, Magnus H.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY.
    Weier, Christian
    Adam, Roman
    Viefhaus, Jens
    Schneider, Claus Michael
    Gruebel, Gerhard
    Oepen, Hans Peter
    Employing soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering to study domain sizes and anisotropy in Co/Pd multilayers2016In: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 94, no 13, article id 134413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is demonstrated that themagnetic diffraction pattern of the isotropic disorderedmaze pattern is well described utilizing a gamma distribution of domain sizes in a one-dimensional model. From the analysis, the mean domain size and the shape parameter of the distribution are obtained. The model reveals an average domain size that is significantly different from the value that is determined from the peak position of the structure factor in reciprocal space. As a proof of principle, a wedge-shaped (Co-t angstrom/Pd-10 angstrom) 8 multilayer film, that covers the thickness range of the spin-reorientation transition, has been used. By means of soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) and imaging techniques the thickness-driven evolution of the magnetic properties of the cobalt layers is explored. It is shown that minute changes of the domain pattern concerning domain size and geometry can be investigated and analyzed due to the high sensitivity and lateral resolution of the XRMS technique. The latter allows for the determination of the magnetic anisotropies of the cobalt layers within a thickness range of a few angstroms.

  • 19. Balinsky, Michael
    et al.
    Haidar, Mohammad
    Ranjbar, Mojtaba
    Durrenfeld, Philipp
    Houshang, Afshin
    Slavin, Andrei
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Modulation of the Spectral Characteristics of a Nano-Contact Spin-Torque Oscillator via Spin Waves in an Adjacent Yttrium-Iron Garnet Film2016In: IEEE Magnetics Letters, ISSN 1949-307X, E-ISSN 1949-3088, Vol. 7, article id 3101704Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    NiFe-Cu-Co trilayer nano-contact spin-torque oscillators (NC-STOs) fabricated on an yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) film were studied in two different modes. In passive mode, i.e. without any NC-STO auto-oscillations, a microwave current through the nano-contact can excite spin waves (SW) in the YIG film, and, vice versa, antenna generated SWs in the YIG film can be detected by the nano-contact. In active mode, i.e., in the presence of auto-oscillations, significant changes appear in the NC-STO spectrum when its frequency approaches that of the SWs excited in the YIG. These results demonstrate strong coupling between NC-STOs and SWs in YIG and open new possibilities of 1) pure spin-current generation in YIG by NC-STOs; 2) mutual locking of a number of NC-STOs through SWs in YIG; and 3) improvement of NC-STO spectra through SW feedback in YIG.

  • 20. Balinsky, Michael
    et al.
    Ranjbar, Mojtaba
    Haidar, Mohammad
    Durrenfeld, Philipp
    Khartsev, Sergiy
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Slavin, Andrei
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dumas, Randy K.
    Spin Pumping and the Inverse Spin-Hall Effect via Magnetostatic Surface Spin-Wave Modes in Yttrium-Iron Garnet/Platinum Bilayers2015In: IEEE Magnetics Letters, ISSN 1949-307X, E-ISSN 1949-3088, Vol. 6, no 3000604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spin pumping at a boundary between a yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) film and a thin platinum (Pt) layer is studied under conditions in which a magnetostatic surface spin wave (MSSW, or Damon-Eshbach mode) is excited in YIG by a narrow strip-line antenna. It is shown that the voltage created by the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in Pt is strongly dependent on the wavevector of the excited MSSW. For YIG film thicknesses of 41 and 0.9 mu m, the maximum ISHE voltage corresponds to the maximum of efficiently excited MSSW wavevectors and does not coincide with the maximum of absorbed microwave power. For a thinner (0.175 mu m) YIG film, the maximum of the ISHE voltage moves closer to the ferromagnetic resonance and almost coincides with the region of the maximum microwave absorption. We show that the effect is related to the change in the thickness profile and the wavenumber spectrum of the excited MSSW taking place when the YIG film thickness is increased.

  • 21.
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Atomistic spin dynamics of low-dimensional magnets2013In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 87, no 14, p. 144401-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the magnetic properties of a range of low-dimensional ferromagnets using a combination of first-principles calculations and atomistic spin dynamics simulations. This approach allows us to evaluate the ground state and finite temperature properties of experimentally well characterized systems such as Co/Cu(111), Co/Cu(001), Fe/Cu(001) and Fe/W(110), for different thicknesses of the magnetic layer. We compare our calculated spin wave spectra with experimental data available in the literature, and find a good quantitative agreement. We also predict magnon spectra for systems for which no experimental data exist at the moment, and estimate the role of temperature effects.

  • 22.
    Berntsen, Magnus H.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Götberg, Olof
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Tjernberg, Oscar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Direct observation of decoupled Dirac states at the interface between topological and normal insulators2013In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 88, no 19, article id 195132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several proposed applications and exotic effects in topological insulators rely on the presence of helical Dirac states at the interface between a topological insulator and a normal insulator. In the present work, we have used low-energy angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to uncover and characterize the interface states of Bi2Se3 thin films and Bi2Te3/Bi2Se3 heterostructures grown on Si(111). The results establish that Dirac fermions are indeed present at the topological-normal-insulator boundary and absent at the topological-topological-insulator interface. Moreover, it is demonstrated that band bending present within the topological-insulator films leads to a substantial separation of the interface and surface states in energy. These results pave the way for further studies and the realization of interface-related phenomena in topological-insulator thin-film heterostructures.

  • 23.
    Besharat, Zahra
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Adsorption of molecular thin films on metal and metal oxide surfaces2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal and metal oxides are widely used in industry, and to optimize their performance their surfaces are commonly functionalized by the formation of thin films. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are deposited on metals or metal oxides either from solution or by gas deposition. Thiols with polar terminal groups are utilized for creating the responsive surfaces which can interact electrostatically with other adsorbates. Surface charge effects wetting and adhesion, and many other surface properties. Polar terminal groups in thiols could be used to modify these factors. Mixed SAMs can provide more flexible surfaces, and could change the resulting surface properties under the influence of factors such as pH, temperature, and photo-illumination. Therefore, in order to control these phenomena by mixed polar-terminated thiols, it is necessary to understand the composition and conformation of the mixed SAMs and their response to these factors. In this work, mixtures of thiols with carboxylic and amino terminal groups were studied. Carboxylic and amino terminal groups of thiol interact with each other via hydrogen bonding in solution and form a complex. Complexes adsorb to the surface in non-conventional orientations. Unmixed SAMs from each type, either carboxylic terminated thiols or amino terminated thiols are in standing up orientation while SAMs from complexes are in an axially in-plane orientation. Selenol is an alternative to replace thiols for particular applications such as contact with biological matter which has a better compatibility with selenol than sulfur. However, the    Se-C bond is weaker than the S-C bond which limits the application of selenol. Understanding the selenol adsorption mechanism on gold surfaces could shed some light on Se-C cleavage and so is investigated in this work. Se-C cleavage happens in the low coverage areas on the step since atoms at steps have lower coordination making them more reactive than atoms on the terraces.  Another area where the self-assembly of molecules is of importance is for dye sensitized solar cells, which are based on the adsorption of the dye onto metal oxides surfaces such as TiO2.The interface between the SAM of dye and the substrate is an important factor to consider when designing dyes and surfaces in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The quality of the self-assembled monolayers of the dye on the TiO2 surface has a critical influence on the efficiency of the DSSCs.  Creation of just a monolayer of dye on the surface could lead to an efficient current of photo-excited electrons to the TiO2 and degeneration of the dye by redox. This work, T-PAC dye showed island growth with some ad-layer that is not in contact with the surface, whereas the MP13 dye adsorption is laminar growth.  Cuprite (Cu2O) is the initial and most common corrosion product for copper under atmospheric conditions. Copper could be a good replacement for noble metal as catalysts for methanol dehydrogenation. Knowledge about the structure of Cu2O(100) and Cu2O(111) surfaces could be used to obtain a deeper understanding of methanol dehydrogenation mechanisms with respect to adsorption sites on the surfaces. In this work, a detailed study was done of Cu2O(100) surface which revealed the possible surface structures as the result of different preparation conditions. Studies of the structure of Cu2O(100) and Cu2O(111) surfaces show that Cu2O(100) has a comparatively stable surface and reduces surface reactivity. As a consequence, dehydrogenation of methanol is more efficient on the Cu2O(111) surface. The hydrogen produced from methanol dehydrogenation is stored in oxygen adatom sites on both surfaces.

     

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  • 24.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Alvarez Asencio, Ruben.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Tian, Haining
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Yu, Shun
    In-situ evaluation of dye adsorption on TiO2 using QCMManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    Halldin Stenlid, Joakim
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Önsten, Anneli
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    Brinck, Tore
    Dehydrogenation of methanol on Cu2O(100) and (111)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wakeham, Deborah
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ghadami Yazdi, Milad
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Se-C cleavage of hexane selenol at steps on Au(111)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wakeham, Deborah
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Odnevall Wallinder, Inger
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Mixed monolayers of alkane thiols with polar terminal group on gold: Investigation of structure dependent surface properties2016In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 484, no 279, p. 279-290, article id j.jcis.2016.08.053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adsorption of thiols with cationic or anionic terminal group on gold has been studied from mixed solutions of 11-Amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT) and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angles. The goal is to probe the nature of such layers, and the additivity or otherwise of the pH responsiveness, with a view to evaluate their suitability as smart materials. For each of the two pure (unmixed) cases, ordered molecular monolayers are formed with sulfur binding to gold and the alkane chain pointing out from the surface as expected. Adsorption from the thiol mixtures, however, leads to a more complex behaviour. The surface concentration of thiols from the mixtures, as determined by QCM-D, is considerably lower than for the pure cases and it reaches a minimum at a 3:1 MPA/AUT relative concentration in the solution. The XPS results confirm a reduction in adsorbed amount in mixtures with the lowest overall intensity for the 3:1 ratio. Monolayers formed from mixtures display a wettability which is much lower and less pH sensitive. Collectively these results confirm that for adsorption from mixed systems, the configuration is completely different. Complex formation in the mixed solutions leads to the adsorption of molecules parallel to the surface in an axially in-plane configuration. This parallel layer of thiols is mechanically relatively robust to nano-shaving based on AFM measurements. These results will have a significant impact on the design of biomimetic surface coatings particularly when mixtures of oppositely charged molecules are present on the surface, as is commonly the case in biological, proteinaceous surfaces (e.g. hair and skin).

  • 28.
    Bessarab, Pavel F.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation.
    Uzdin, Valery M.
    Jonsson, Hannes
    Method for finding mechanism and activation energy of magnetic transitions, applied to skyrmion and antivortex annihilation2015In: Computer Physics Communications, ISSN 0010-4655, E-ISSN 1879-2944, Vol. 196, p. 335-347Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method for finding minimum energy paths of transitions in magnetic systems is presented. The path is optimized with respect to orientation of the magnetic vectors while their magnitudes are fixed or obtained from separate calculations. The curvature of the configuration space is taken into account by: (1) using geodesics to evaluate distances and displacements of the system during the optimization, and (2) projecting the path tangent and the magnetic force on the tangent space of the manifold defined by all possible orientations of the magnetic vectors. The method, named geodesic nudged elastic band (GNEB), and its implementation are illustrated with calculations of complex transitions involving annihilation and creation of skyrmion and antivortex states. The lifetime of the latter was determined within harmonic transition state theory using a noncollinear extension of the Alexander-Anderson model.

  • 29. Bidermane, I.
    et al.
    Luder, J.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Grazioli, C.
    Bouvet, M.
    Brena, B.
    Martensson, N.
    Puglia, C.
    Witkowski, N.
    When the Grafting of Double Decker Phthalocyanines on Si(100)-2 x 1 Partly Affects the Molecular Electronic Structure2016In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 120, no 26, p. 14270-14276Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT) study has been performed to characterize the adsorbate interaction of lutetium biphthalocyanine (LuPc2) molecules on the Si(100)-2 X 1 surface. Large molecule substrate adsorption energies are computed and are found to compete with the molecule molecule interactions of the double decker molecules. A particularly good matching between STM images and computed ones confirms the deformation of the molecule upon the absorption process. The comparison between DFT calculations and XP spectra reveals that the electronic distribution in the two plateaus of the biphthalocyanine are not affected in the same manner upon the adsorption onto the silicon surface. This finding can be of particular importance in the implementation of organic molecules in hybrid devices.

  • 30. Bidermane, I.
    et al.
    Luder, J.
    Boudet, S.
    Zhang, T.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Grazioli, C.
    Bouvet, M.
    Rusz, J.
    Sanyal, B.
    Eriksson, O.
    Brena, B.
    Puglia, C.
    Witkowski, N.
    Experimental and theoretical study of electronic structure of lutetium bi-phthalocyanine2013In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 138, no 23, p. 234701-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy, the thickness dependent formation of Lutetium Phthalocyanine (LuPc2) films on a stepped passivated Si(100)2x1 reconstructed surface was studied. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to gain detailed insights into the electronic structure. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have not revealed any noticeable interaction of LuPc2 with the H-passivated Si surface. The presented study can be considered to give a comprehensive description of the LuPc2 molecular electronic structure. The DFT calculations reveal the interaction of the two molecular rings with each other and with the metallic center forming new kinds of orbitals in between the phthalocyanine rings, which allows to better understand the experimentally obtained NEXAFS results.

  • 31.
    Bonetti, Stefano
    et al.
    Stanford University, USA.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Nano-Contact Spin-Torque Oscillators as Magnonic Building Blocks2013In: Magnonics: From Fundamentals to Applications, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 177-187Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe the possibility of using nano-contact spin-torque oscillators (NC-STOs) as fundamental magnonic building blocks. NC-STOs can act as spin wave generators, manipulators, and detectors, and can hence realize all the fundamental functions necessary for fully integrated magnonic devices, which can be fabricated using available CMOS compatible large-scale spin-torque device production processes. We show in particular how a 200 nm sized nano-contact located on an out-of-plane magnetized permalloy "free" magnetic layer can generate spin waves at f approximate to 15 GHz that propagate up to 4 mu m away from the nano-contact with wavelength lambda = 200-300 nm, decay length lambda(r) approximate to 2 mu m and group velocities v(g) approximate to 3 mu m/ns. We propose that the same type of NC-STOs can be used as spin wave manipulators, via control of the local Gilbert damping, and as spin wave detector using the spin torque diode effect.

  • 32.
    Borlenghi, Simone
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Iubini, Stefano
    Lepri, Stefano
    Chico, Jonathan
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Delin, Anna
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Fransson, Jonas
    Energy and magnetization transport in nonequilibrium macrospin systems2015In: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, ISSN 1539-3755, E-ISSN 1550-2376, Vol. 92, no 1, article id 012116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate numerically the magnetization dynamics of an array of nanodisks interacting through the magnetodipolar coupling. In the presence of a temperature gradient, the chain reaches a nonequilibrium steady state where energy and magnetization currents propagate. This effect can be described as the flow of energy and particle currents in an off-equilibrium discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equation. This model makes transparent the transport properties of the system and allows for a precise definition of temperature and chemical potential for a precessing spin. The present study proposes a setup for the spin-Seebeck effect, and shows that its qualitative features can be captured by a general oscillator-chain model.

  • 33.
    Borlenghi, Simone
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Lepri, Stefano
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Delin, Anna
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Thermomagnonic diode: Rectification of energy and magnetization currents2014In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 89, no 5, p. 054428-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the dynamics of two coupled macrospins connected to thermal baths at different temperatures. The system behaves like a diode which allows the propagation of energy and magnetization currents in one direction only. This effect is described by a simple model of two coupled nonlinear oscillators interacting with two independent reservoirs. It is shown that the rectification phenomenon can be interpreted as a a stochastic phase synchronization of the two spin oscillators. A brief comparison with realistic micromagnetic simulations is presented. This new effect yields promising opportunities in spin caloritronics and nanophononic devices.

  • 34. Borlenghi, Simone
    et al.
    Mahani, M. Reza
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Delin, Anna
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Fransson, Jonas
    Nanoscale control of heat and spin conduction in artificial spin chains2016In: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 94, no 13, article id 134419Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a mechanism to control the energy and magnetization currents in an artificial spin chain, consisting of an array of permalloy nanodisks coupled through a magnetodipolar interaction. The chain is kept out of equilibrium by two thermal baths with different temperatures connected to its ends, which control the current propagation. Transport is enhanced by applying a uniform radio-frequency pump field resonating with some of the spin-wave modes of the chain. Moreover, the two currents can be controlled independently by tuning the static field applied on the chain. Thus we describe two effective means for the independent control of coupled currents and the enhancement of thermal and spin-wave conductivity in a realistic magnonics device, suggesting that similar effects could be observed in a large class of nonlinear oscillating systems.

  • 35.
    Borlenghi, Simone
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wang, Weiwei
    Fangohr, Hans
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Delin, Anna
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Designing a Spin-Seebeck Diode2014In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 112, no 4, p. 047203-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using micromagnetic simulations, we have investigated spin dynamics in a spin-valve bilayer in the presence of a thermal gradient. The direction and the intensity of the gradient allow us to excite the spin wave modes of each layer selectively. This permits us to synchronize the magnetization precession of the two layers and to rectify the flows of energy and magnetization through the system. Our study yields promising opportunities for applications in spin caloritronics and nanophononics devices.

  • 36. Bran, Cristina
    et al.
    Hudl, Matthias
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Björck, Matts
    Kapaklis, Vassilios
    Andersson, Gabriella
    Magnetic Properties of Fe/WRe (001) Multilayers2014In: Journal of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, ISSN 2164-7542, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 33-39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Following recent theoretical predictions on perpendicular uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy in multilayers of 5 monolayers of Fe and 2 monolayers of W<sub> <i>x</i> </sub>Re<sub>100&#8211;<i>x</i> </sub> with tetragonally strained components, we have measured the magnetization and detailed atomic structure in a series of such samples with <i>x</i> = 20&#8211;80 at%. Although the achieved strain in the WRe layers is smaller than in the modelled case, we do observe a positive uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy of around 0.6 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> at 40 K, after accounting for the in-plane shape anisotropy. This causes the out-of-plane saturation field to be reduced considerably compared to a pure Fe thin film, while the saturation magnetization is maintained at a value which is enhanced by at least 30% from what would be expected from the multilayer composition alone. The coercivity is low, on the order of 6 kA/m in all samples.

  • 37.
    Bruhn, Benjamin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Qejvanaj, Fatjon
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Sychugov, Ilya
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Blinking Statistics and Excitation-Dependent Luminescence Yield in Si and CdSe Nanocrystals2014In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 118, no 4, p. 2202-2208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ON-OFF intermittency or blinking is a phenomenon observed in single quantum emitters, which reduces their overall light emission. Even though it seems to be a fundamental property of quantum dots (QDs), substantial differences can be found in the blinking statistics of different nanocrystals. This work compares the blinking of numerous single, oxide-capped Si nanocrystals with that of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals, measured under the same conditions in the same experimental system and over a broad range of excitation power densities. We find that ON- and OFF-times can be described by exponential statistics in Si QDs, as opposed to power-law statistics for the CdSe nanocrystals. The type of blinking (power-law or monoexponential) does not depend on excitation but seems to be an intrinsic property of the material system. Upon increasing excitation power, the duty cycle of Si quantum dots remains constant, whereas it decreases for CdSe nanocrystals, which is readily explained by blinking statistics. Both ON-OFF and OFF-ON transitions can be regarded as light-induced in Si/SiO2 QDs, while the OFF-ON transition in CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals is not stimulated by photons. The differences in blinking behavior in these systems will be discussed.

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  • 38.
    Bruhn, Benjamin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Valenta, Jan
    Sychugov, Ilya
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Mitsuishi, Kazutaka
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Transition from silicon nanowires to isolated quantum dots: Optical and structural evolution2013In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 87, no 4, p. 045404-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evolution of the structural and optical properties of a silicon core in oxidized nanowalls is investigated as a function of oxidation time. The same individual nanostructures are characterized after every oxidation step in a scanning electron microscope and by low-temperature photoluminescence, while a representative sample is also imaged in a transmission electron microscope. Analysis of a large number of recorded single-dot spectra and micrographs allows to identify delocalized and localized exciton emission from a nanowire as well as confined exciton emission of a nanocrystal. It is shown how structural transitions from one-to zero-dimensional confinement affect single-nanostructure optical fingerprints.

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    Bruhn-PhysRevB-2013
  • 39.
    Burks, Terrance
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Avila, Marta
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Studies on the adsorption of chromium(VI) onto 3-Mercaptopropionic acid coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles2014In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 425, p. 36-43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chromium (Cr) in the form of Cr(VI) is deemed toxic in water due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. For the successful removal of Cr(VI), we demonstrate a novel adsorbent consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) functionalized with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the functionalization of nanoparticles and presence of sulfonate groups. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the functionalized adsorbent recovered 45 mg of Cr(VI)/g of 3-MPA coated SPION at initial concentration of 50 mg/L aqueous solution at pH 1 with less than 1% of Fe dissolution from SPION. The results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Cr(VI) chemisorbed onto the adsorbent. Hence, the XPS spectra did not indicate any reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) upon adsorption. The adsorption data were better fitted for the Freundlich model. Moreover, the Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics on functionalized SPION followed a pseudo-second order rate, revealing chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The high Cr(VI) removal, rapid adsorption kinetics and stability of adsorbent indicate that 3-MPA coated SPION could be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI).

  • 40. Cardoso, Marcos R.
    et al.
    Martins, Renato J.
    Dev, Apurba
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Voss, Tobias
    Mendonca, Cleber R.
    Highly hydrophobic hierarchical nanomicro roughness polymer surface created by stamping and laser micromachining2015In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 132, no 24, article id 42082Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article describes the design and fabrication of hierarchical nanomicrostructured polymer surfaces with high hydrophobicity. The nanoscale roughness is achieved by stamping a ZnO nanowire film into PDMS. Subsequently, microstructures with different periodicities are created in the stamped PDMS sample by direct laser writing using femtosecond pulses. With this approach, we were able to produce hierarchical surface morphologies, composed of nano and microscale structures that exhibit water contact angles larger than 160 degrees.

  • 41. Castleton, C. W. M.
    et al.
    Höglund, A.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Qian, M. C.
    Mirbt, S.
    Hydrogen on III-V (110) surfaces: Charge accumulation and STM signatures2013In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 88, no 4, p. 045319-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The behavior of hydrogen on the 110 surfaces of III-V semiconductors is examined using ab initio density functional theory. It is confirmed that adsorbed hydrogen should lead to a charge accumulation layer in the case of InAs, but shown here that it should not do so for other related III-V semiconductors. It is shown that the hydrogen levels due to surface adsorbed hydrogen behave in a material dependent manner related to the ionicity of the material, and hence do not line up in the universal manner reported by others for hydrogen in the bulk of semiconductors and insulators. This fact, combined with the unusually deep Gamma point conduction band well of InAs, accounts for the occurrence of an accumulation layer on InAs(110) but not elsewhere. Furthermore, it is shown that adsorbed hydrogen should be extremely hard to distinguish from native defects (particularly vacancies) using scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, on both InAs(110) and other III-V (110) surfaces.

  • 42. Cedervall, Johan
    et al.
    Andersson, Mikael Svante
    Sarkar, Tapati
    Delczeg-Czirjak, Erna K.
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Hansen, Thomas C.
    Beran, Premysl
    Nordblad, Per
    Sahlberg, Martin
    Magnetic structure of the magnetocaloric compound AlFe2B22016In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 664, p. 784-791Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The crystal and magnetic structures of AlFe2B2 have been studied with a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction and electronic structure calculations. The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties have been investigated by magnetisation measurements. The samples have been produced using high temperature synthesis and subsequent heat treatments. The compound crystallises in the orthorhombic crystal system Cmmm and it orders ferromagnetically at 285 K through a second order phase transition. At temperatures below the magnetic transition the magnetic moments align along the crystallographic a-axis. The magnetic entropy change from 0 to 800 kA/m was found to be - 1.3 J/K kg at the magnetic transition temperature.

  • 43. Chang, J.
    et al.
    Månsson, Martin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Pailhes, S.
    Claesson, Thomas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lipscombe, O. J.
    Hayden, S. M.
    Patthey, L.
    Tjernberg, Oscar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Mesot, J.
    Anisotropic breakdown of Fermi liquid quasiparticle excitations in overdoped La2-xSrxCuO42013In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 4, p. 2559-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High-temperature superconductivity emerges from an un-conventional metallic state. This has stimulated strong efforts to understand exactly how Fermi liquids breakdown and evolve into an un-conventional metal. A fundamental question is how Fermi liquid quasiparticle excitations break down in momentum space. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that the Fermi liquid quasiparticle excitations of the overdoped superconducting cuprate La1.77Sr0.23CuO4 is highly anisotropic in momentum space. The quasiparticle scattering and residue behave differently along the Fermi surface and hence the Kadowaki-Wood's relation is not obeyed. This kind of Fermi liquid breakdown may apply to a wide range of strongly correlated metal systems where spin fluctuations are present.

  • 44.
    Chen, Tingsu
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Dürrenfeld, P.
    Rodriguez, Saul
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Rusu, Ana
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A highly tunable microwave oscillator based on MTJ STO technology2014In: Microwave and optical technology letters (Print), ISSN 0895-2477, E-ISSN 1098-2760, Vol. 56, no 9, p. 2092-2095Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents a fully ESD-protected, highly tunable microwave oscillator based on magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) spin torque oscillator (STO) technology. The oscillator consists of a compact MTJ STO and a 65 nm CMOS wideband amplifier, which amplifies the RF signal of the MTJ STO to a level that can be used to drive a PLL. The (MTJ STO+amplifier IC) pair shows a measured quality factor (Q) of 170 and a wide tunability range from 3 to 7 GHz, which demonstrate its potential to be used as a microwave oscillator in multiband, multistandard radios.

  • 45.
    Chen, Tingsu
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Eklund, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Iacocca, Ezio
    Rodriguez, Saul
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Malm, B. Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rusu, Ana
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Comprehensive and Macrospin-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junction Spin Torque Oscillator Model-Part I: Analytical Model of the MTJ STO2015In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, ISSN 0018-9383, E-ISSN 1557-9646, Vol. 62, no 3, p. 1037-1044Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) spin torque oscillators (STOs) have shown the potential to be used in a wide range of microwave and sensing applications. To evaluate the potential uses of MTJ STO technology in various applications, an analytical model that can capture MTJ STO's characteristics, while enabling system-and circuit-level designs, is of great importance. An analytical model based on macrospin approximation is necessary for these designs since it allows implementation in hardware description languages. This paper presents a new macrospin-based, comprehensive, and compact MTJ STO model, which can be used for various MTJ STOs to estimate the performance of MTJ STOs together with their application-specific integrated circuits. To adequately present the complete model, this paper is divided into two parts. In Part I, the analytical model is introduced and verified by comparing it against measured data of three different MTJ STOs, varying the angle and magnitude of the magnetic field, as well as the DC biasing current. The proposed analytical model is suitable for being implemented in Verilog-A and used for efficient simulations at device, circuit, and system levels. In Part II, the full Verilog-A implementation of the analytical model with accurate phase noise generation is presented and verified by simulations.

  • 46.
    Chen, Tingsu
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Eklund, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Iacocca, Ezio
    Rodriguez, Saul
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Malm, B. Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rusu, Ana
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Comprehensive and Macrospin-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junction Spin Torque Oscillator Model-Part II: Verilog-A Model Implementation2015In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, ISSN 0018-9383, E-ISSN 1557-9646, Vol. 62, no 3, p. 1045-1051Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The rapid development of the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) spin torque oscillator (STO) technology demands an analytical model to enable building MTJ STO-based circuits and systems so as to evaluate and utilize MTJ STOs in various applications. In Part I of this paper, an analytical model based on the macrospin approximation has been introduced and verified by comparing it with the measurements of three different MTJ STOs. In Part II, the full Verilog-A implementation of the proposed model is presented. To achieve a reliable model, an approach to reproducing the phase noise generated by the MTJ STO has been proposed and successfully employed. The implemented model yields a time domain signal, which retains the characteristics of operating frequency, linewidth, oscillation amplitude, and DC operating point, with respect to the magnetic field and applied DC current. The Verilog-A implementation is verified against the analytical model, providing equivalent device characteristics for the full range of biasing conditions. Furthermore, a system that includes an MTJ STO and CMOS RF circuits is simulated to validate the proposed model for system-and circuit-level designs. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model opens the possibility to explore STO technology in a wide range of applications.

  • 47.
    Chen, Tingsu
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Eklund, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Redjai Sani, Sohrab
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Rodriguez, Saul
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Malm, B. Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rusu, Ana
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Integration of GMR-based spin torque oscillators and CMOS circuitry2015In: Solid-State Electronics, ISSN 0038-1101, E-ISSN 1879-2405, Vol. 111, p. 91-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper demonstrates the integration of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin torque oscillators (STO) with dedicated high frequency CMOS circuits. The wire-bonding-based integration approach is employed in this work, since it allows easy implementation, measurement and replacement. A GMR STO is wire-bonded to the dedicated CMOS integrated circuit (IC) mounted on a PCB, forming a (GMR STO + CMOS IC) pair. The GMR STO has a lateral size of 70 nm and more than an octave of tunability in the microwave frequency range. The proposed CMOS IC provides the necessary bias-tee for the GMR STO, as well as electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and wideband amplification targeting high frequency GMR STO-based applications. It is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, offers a measured gain of 12 dB, while consuming only 14.3 mW and taking a total silicon area of 0.329 mm2. The measurement results show that the (GMR STO + CMOS IC) pair has a wide tunability range from 8 GHz to 16.5 GHz and improves the output power of the GMR STO by about 10 dB. This GMR STO-CMOS integration eliminates wave reflections during the signal transmission and therefore exhibits good potential for developing high frequency GMR STO-based applications, which combine the features of CMOS and STO technologies.

  • 48. Chico, Jonathan
    et al.
    Keshavarz, Samara
    Kvashnin, Yaroslav
    Pereiro, Manuel
    Di Marco, Igor
    Etz, Corina
    Eriksson, Olle
    Bergman, Anders
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    First-principles studies of the Gilbert damping and exchange interactions for half-metallic Heuslers alloys2016In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, ISSN 2469-9950, Vol. 93, no 21, article id 214439Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Heusler alloys have been intensively studied due to the wide variety of properties that they exhibit. One of these properties is of particular interest for technological applications, i.e., the fact that some Heusler alloys are half-metallic. In the following, a systematic study of the magnetic properties of three different Heusler families Co(2)MnZ, Co(2)FeZ, and Mn(2)VZ with Z = (Al, Si, Ga, Ge) is performed. A key aspect is the determination of the Gilbert damping from first-principles calculations, with special focus on the role played by different approximations, the effect that substitutional disorder and temperature effects. Heisenberg exchange interactions and critical temperature for the alloys are also calculated as well as magnon dispersion relations for representative systems, the ferromagnetic Co2FeSi and the ferrimagnetic Mn2VAl. Correlation effects beyond standard density-functional theory are treated using both the local spin density approximation including the Hubbard U and the local spin density approximation plus dynamical mean field theory approximation, which allows one to determine if dynamical self-energy corrections can remedy some of the inconsistencies which were previously reported for these alloys.

  • 49. Chimata, R.
    et al.
    Chico, J.
    Bergman, A.
    Bergqvist, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sanyal, B.
    Eriksson, O.
    Laser heated ferromagnetic simulations2015In: ULTRAFAST MAGNETISM I, 2015, p. 76-78Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, we show a model of ferromagnetic material heated by a laser pulse. The laser creates a pattern of circles on the ferromagnetic materials with hot regions heated up to 3000K and cold regions at 100K and 400K. In our model the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for a macrospin and spin temperature is passed through stochastic field. We show that the difference of magnon dispersion in the cold regions of the material.

  • 50. Chulapakorn, T.
    et al.
    Sychugov, Ilya
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Suvanam, Sethu Saveda
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wolff, M.
    Primetzhofer, D.
    Possnert, G.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Si-nanoparticle synthesis using ion implantation and MeV ion irradiation2015In: Physica Status Solidi (C) Current Topics in Solid State Physics, ISSN 1862-6351Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A dielectric matrix with embedded Si-nanoparticles may show strong luminescence depending on nanoparticles size, surface properties, Si-excess concentration and matrix type. Ion implantation of Si ions with energies of a few tens to hundreds of keV in a SiO<inf>2</inf> matrix followed by thermal annealing was identified as a powerful method to form such nanoparticles. The aim of the present work is to optimize the synthesis of Si-nanoparticles produced by ion implantation in SiO<inf>2</inf> by employing MeV ion irradiation as an additional annealing process. The luminescence properties are measured by spectrally resolved photoluminescence including PL lifetime measurement, while X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy and ion beam analysis are used to characterize the nanoparticle formation process. The results show that the samples implanted at 20%-Si excess atomic concentration display the highest luminescence and that irradiation of 36 MeV 127I ions affects the luminosity in terms of wavelength and intensity. It is also demonstrated that the nanoparticle luminescence lifetime decreases as a function of irradiation fluence.

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